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• What's going on with my server? High load, lots of idle CPU time, low disk utilization

  - by Jonathan

  I run a web site and send a legitimate opt-in, daily email newsletter to subscribers. Both the web hosting and email sending are done by the same machine. I have about 100,000 subscribers who have opted in to my daily email newsletter. My PHP script did a pretty good job sending mail to all of them until fairly recently, but as the list has grown I can't keep up. When I run top, I have very high load--usually at least 6 or 7, sometimes as high as 15--even though I only have two CPUs. However, when I run sar, my CPU is idle an average of about 30% of the time. So, it seems I'm not CPU bound. When I run iostat, it seems as though I'm not disk bound because my %util for each device is very low (no more than 5%). Given that I don't seem to be CPU bound or disk bound, why is top reporting such high load? Additionally, since I don't seem to be CPU bound or disk bound, why is my email sending script not able to keep up? Here's what I see when running top: top - 11:33:28 up 74 days, 18:49, 2 users, load average: 7.65, 8.79, 8.28 Tasks: 168 total, 5 running, 162 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 38.9%us, 58.6%sy, 0.8%ni, 0.0%id, 0.7%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.8%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3083012k total, 2144436k used, 938576k free, 281136k buffers Swap: 2048248k total, 39164k used, 2009084k free, 1470412k cached Here's what I see when running iostat -mx: avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 34.80 1.20 55.24 0.37 0.00 8.38 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rMB/s wMB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.19 71.70 1.59 29.45 0.02 0.07 5.90 0.55 17.82 1.16 3.59 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.10 0.00 13.80 13.72 0.00 sda2 0.05 50.45 1.13 24.57 0.01 0.29 24.25 0.35 13.43 1.15 2.97 sda3 0.05 10.17 0.20 2.33 0.01 0.05 43.75 0.05 20.96 2.45 0.62 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 70.50 70.50 0.00 sda5 0.07 0.22 0.03 0.07 0.00 0.00 32.84 0.08 856.19 8.03 0.08 sda6 0.02 5.45 0.03 0.72 0.00 0.02 67.55 0.02 26.72 5.26 0.39 sda7 0.00 1.56 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.01 38.04 0.00 8.88 5.84 0.24 sda8 0.01 3.84 0.20 1.35 0.00 0.02 28.55 0.05 31.90 4.08 0.63 Here's what I see when running sar: 09:40:02 AM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 09:50:01 AM all 30.59 1.01 49.80 0.23 0.00 18.37 10:00:08 AM all 31.73 0.92 51.66 0.13 0.00 15.55 10:10:06 AM all 30.43 0.99 48.94 0.26 0.00 19.38 10:20:01 AM all 29.58 1.00 47.76 0.25 0.00 21.42 10:30:01 AM all 29.37 1.02 47.30 0.18 0.00 22.13 10:40:06 AM all 32.50 1.01 52.94 0.16 0.00 13.39 10:50:01 AM all 30.49 1.00 49.59 0.15 0.00 18.77 11:00:01 AM all 29.43 0.99 47.71 0.17 0.00 21.71 11:10:07 AM all 30.26 0.93 49.48 0.83 0.00 18.50 11:20:02 AM all 29.83 0.81 48.51 1.32 0.00 19.52 11:30:06 AM all 31.18 0.88 51.33 1.15 0.00 15.47 Average: all 26.21 1.15 42.62 0.48 0.00 29.54 Here are the top handful of processes listed at the particular time I happened to run top -c: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 8180 mysql 16 0 57448 19m 2948 S 26.6 0.7 4702:26 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/ --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/bristno.pid --skip-external-locking 26956 brristno 17 0 0 0 0 Z 8.0 0.0 0:00.24 [php] <defunct> 26958 brristno 17 0 94408 43m 37m R 5.0 1.4 0:00.15 /usr/bin/php /home/brristno/public_html/dbv.php 22852 nobody 16 0 9628 2900 1524 S 0.7 0.1 0:00.17 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 8591 brristno 34 19 96896 13m 6652 S 0.3 0.4 0:29.82 /usr/local/bin/php /home/brristno/bin/mailer.php 1qwqyb6 i0gbor 24469 nobody 16 0 9628 2880 1508 S 0.3 0.1 0:00.08 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 25495 nobody 15 0 9628 2876 1500 S 0.3 0.1 0:00.06 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 26149 nobody 15 0 9628 2864 1504 S 0.3 0.1 0:00.04 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL

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• /etc/exports file not read on boot

  - by netimen

  I added some entries into my /etc/exports file. But when I boot my system, the file is not read. I check it by sudo exportfs — it returns nothing (also I can't mount the exported folders on other systems). Then I run sudo expotfs -a and then again sudo exportfs — and now all my exported folders are listed (and now I can mount the exported folders on other systems). I'm running kubuntu 9.04 with 2.6.28-11-generic kernel

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• Can qmail-ldap replace the validrcptto file?

  - by T. Fabre

  We are using qmail to route incoming mail to our Domino server. However, that requires us to maintain the validrcptto with the list of all allowed email addresses. Since Domino provides an LDAP directory, does qmail-ldap provide functionnality to lookup valid rcpt to addresses in the Domino directory instead of the validrcptto file, so that we wouldn't have to maintain that extra list ? We have about 150~200 users, so is setting up qmail-ldap worth the extra mile if it can verify addresses in the LDAP directory ? If anyone has experience with qmail-ldap and its setup, I'd be glad to hear from you.

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• Disk monitor script with long file systems

  - by DD.

  $ df -H Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_app001-lv_root 34G 12G 21G 35% / tmpfs 8.4G 0 8.4G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 508M 54M 429M 12% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_app001-lv_home 19G 309M 17G 2% /home I want to run a disk monitor script but because the filesystem is so long the row has been split into two lines and the script fails. Any suggestions?

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• Cannot Connect to VSFTP outside of network

  - by jnolte

  I am having a hair pulling issue with my VSFTPD. I am not sure where to turn and I have went through to make sure everything is working properly and when trying to connect to ftp using ftp localhost I am able to login with the username and password I have specified. When I try to connect from outside I get the prompt Connected to domainname.com. but no prompt for user and password in addition when using an FTP client it hangs up and never connects. The server is running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and VSFTPD 2.3.5 Here is the output of running iptables -L : http://pastie.org/4892233 Here is he output when running ps -FC vsftpd : root 14343 1 0 1168 984 3 16:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/vsftpd Here is output of running netstat -tlpn | grep vsftpd : tcp6 0 0 :::21 :::* LISTEN 14343/vsftpd I have uninstalled and reinstalled many times and tried several different configurations and am at a complete loss on why this may not be working. We very often use the same configuration on the same type of servers with no issues. Thank you in advance for your help.

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• MySQL Locking Up

  - by Ian

  I've got a innodb table that gets a lot of reads and almost no writes (like, 1 write for every 400,000 reads approx). I'm running into a pretty big problem though when I do INSERT into the table. MySQL completely locks up. It uses 100% cpu, and every single other table (in other databases even) have their statuses set to "Locked" until the INSERT is done. This is a big problem because MySQL stays locked up for up to 4 minutes. I'm using version 5.1.47 (rpm from mysql.com). Any ideas?

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• Best practices to avoid Jenkins error: sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified

  - by s g

  When running any sudo command from Jenkins I get the following error: sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified I understand that I can solve this by adding a NOPASSWD entry to my /etc/sudoers file which will allow user jenkins to run commands without needing a password. I can add an entry like this: %jenkins ALL=(ALL)NOPASSWD:/home/vts_share/test/sudotest.sh ...but this leads to the following issue: how to avoid specifying full path in sudoers file? I can add an entry like this: %jenkins ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL ...but this allows user jenkins to avoid the password prompt for all commands, which seems a bit unsafe. I'm just curious what my options are here, and if there are any best practices I should consider.

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• Add Clamd as a service to CentOS?

  - by Josh

  As I understand I think I need to add something to init.d, but I am not sure what to add. At the moment to start clamav I have to do clamd start. I would like it as a service so I can start it on run level 3 as a service. I realize I could probably do this through a shell script in the right runlevel, but I would like to be able to use chkconfig to configure it.

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• What would be the best way to correlate logs and events on several hosts?

  - by user220746

  I'm trying to build a log correlation system on multiple hosts. SEC seems interesting but I don't know if it will cover my needs. How could I correlate system events, logs, network events, etc. on multiple hosts at the same time, in real time? Examples: If 5 failed logins happened on host A the last minute and if firewall B has denied lots of access on differents ports on A, then we assume there is a potential attack in progress on A. If the Apache service on host A didn't receive any request for the last N minutes and Apache service on host B did, then the load balancing could be faulty.

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• Using cookies with lynx

  - by XXL

  lynx -cfg=cfg.file $URL this works with the following contents of the .cfg file: SET_COOKIES:TRUE ACCEPT_ALL_COOKIES:TRUE PERSISTENT_COOKIES:TRUE COOKIE_FILE:cookie.file however, this does not: lynx -cookies=1 -accept_all_cookies=1 -cookie_file=cookie.file $URL if it's going to be of any help - here's the trace: parse_arg(arg_name=-cookies=1, mask=1, count=2) parse_arg lookup(cookies=1) ...skip (mask 1/4) parse_arg(arg_name=-accept_all_cookies=1, mask=1, count=3) parse_arg lookup(accept_all_cookies=1) ...skip (mask 1/4) parse_arg(arg_name=-cookie_file=cookie.file, mask=1, count=4) parse_arg lookup(cookie_file=cookie.file) ...skip (mask 1/4) parse_arg(arg_name=$URL, mask=1, count=5) parse_arg startfile:$URL obvious question, why? the actual difference, from what i see, is the inability to trigger "PERSISTENT_COOKIES:TRUE" by command-line options in lynx. or, maybe, i have overlooked/misunderstood something?

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• Can not copy files after installing windows

  - by Ali

  I am experiencing a weird problem. I was running Xubuntu on my laptop until yesterday that I had to delete Xubuntu and install Windows. I had a NTFS partition on my Xubuntu that I kept some files on it. Today after installing windows I wanted to move all the files from that partition to an external HDD. I selected all files and folders and clicked on Copy, then I went to the HDD and clicked on paste but nothing happened. I can not do that. I do not know why. I copy the files, and wherever I click paste, nothing happens. If I try to copy the files and folders one by one, I can copy some of them, but some of them do not move. The other problem I have is that I can not open some files, in particular pdf files. When I click on pdf files I get this error: There was an error opening this document. This file cannot be found. Also, I cannot play some mp4 files. I can not open some jpg and txt files. I get this error The directory name is invalid. So in summary, after removing Xubuntu and installing windows 7 I have the following problems with one of the NTFS partitions on my internal drive: Can not copy or cut all folders and files from that partition to any other partition - I also do not get any errors. Can copy some folders and files Can not access some pdf, jpeg, txt and mp4 files and get the above errors. I should also mention I did not change anything for this partition during the installation or formatting the other partitions.

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• What's a simple way to list the immediate subdirectories of a given location?

  - by Bribles

  Is there a built-in command or a less verbose way of achieving this? find /var/foo -maxdepth 1 -type d Or should I just make a tiny shell script or function if I'm doing this sort of thing often?

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• Installing qt headers and libraries

  - by ant2009

  Hello, Ubuntu 9.10 2.6.31-20-generic I am trying to install some software. When I do the ./configure. I get the following error: checking for Qt... configure: error: Qt (>= Qt 3.0.2) (headers and libraries) not found. Please check your installation! So I install the following package thinking this would solve the problem. sudo apt-get install libqt4-dev I was thinking that the libqt4-dev would install the headers and libraries. However, I am still getting the same problem. Any ideas? Many thanks,

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• What useful things can one add to one's .bashrc?

  - by gyaresu

  Is there anything that you can't live without and will make my life SO much easier? Here are some that I use ('diskspace' & 'folders' are particularly handy). # some more ls aliases alias ll='ls -alh' alias la='ls -A' alias l='ls -CFlh' alias woo='fortune' alias lsd="ls -alF | grep /$" # This is GOLD for finding out what is taking so much space on your drives! alias diskspace="du -S | sort -n -r |more" # Command line mplayer movie watching for the win. alias mp="mplayer -fs" # Show me the size (sorted) of only the folders in this directory alias folders="find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -print | xargs du -sk | sort -rn" # This will keep you sane when you're about to smash the keyboard again. alias frak="fortune" # This is where you put your hand rolled scripts (remember to chmod them) PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"

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• How to Find Out What Version of Display Driver is Installed

  - by Artium

  One of my favorite games, "Wolfenstein Enemy Territory", has stopped working lately. It throws a segfault during the initialization phase. I suspect that the reason is a recent update to the video card driver. The problem started after I updated Ubuntu but I do not remember if there was a driver update in the list. My question is how can I check this. How can I view the current version of the display driver installed and the date it was last updated? If I discover that this is indeed the problem, will it be possible to revert the update and stay with the previous version of the driver?

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• Change permission to /proc/net/ip_conntrack on Ubuntu server 9.10

  - by bjarkef

  Hi I have a script that needs to extract certain information form the /proc/net/ip_conntrack file once in a while. I do not wish to run this script as the root user. Default permissions for the file is: $ ls -lah /proc/net/ip_conntrack -r--r----- 1 root root 0 2010-03-28 12:18 /proc/net/ip_conntrack I can change it with: sudo chmod o+r /proc/net/ip_conntrack But that does not stick after a reboot. Is there some configuration file for file-permissions in the /proc directory in Ubuntu Server 9.10? Or do I just have to stick a chmod line in some startup script?

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• When does `cron.daily` run?

  - by warren

  When do entries in cron.daily (and .weekly and .hourly) run, and is it configurable? I haven't found a definitive answer to this, and am hoping there is one. I'm running RHEL5 and CentOS 4, but for other distros/platforms would be great, too.

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• What is the most secure way to allow a user read access to a log file?

  - by gAMBOOKa

  My application requires read access to /var/log/messages, which belongs to user and group root. What is the minimal exposure level required on /var/log/messages so my application can read it? Presently, my plan is to change the group ownership of /var/log/messages to a new group, and add root and my application user to it, but this would also give the application write privileges to /var/log/messages. OS: Centos 5.5

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• Lighttpd mod_accesslog not logging fastcgi requests

  - by zepatou

  I have recently installed a lighttpd for serving a python script via mod_fastcgi. Everything works fine except that I don't get the requests handled by mod_fastcgi logged in the access.log file (requests on port 80 are logged though). My lighttpd version is 1.4.28 on a Debian 6.0. I used the same working configuration a Ubuntu server 10.04 with lighttpd 1.4.26 and it worked. Here is my config lighttpd.conf server.modules = ( "mod_access", "mod_alias", "mod_accesslog", "mod_compress", ) server.document-root = "/var/www/" server.upload-dirs = ( "/var/cache/lighttpd/uploads" ) server.errorlog = "/home/log/lighttpd/error.log" index-file.names = ( "index.php", "index.html", "index.htm", "default.htm", "index.lighttpd.html" ) accesslog.filename = "/home/log/lighttpd/access.log" url.access-deny = ( "~", ".inc" ) static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi" ) server.pid-file = "/var/run/lighttpd.pid" include_shell "/usr/share/lighttpd/create-mime.assign.pl" include_shell "/usr/share/lighttpd/include-conf-enabled.pl" conf-enabled/10-fastcgi.conf server.modules += ( "mod_fastcgi" ) fastcgi.server = ( "/" => ( ( "min-procs" => 1, "check-local" => "disable", "host" => "127.0.0.1", # local "port" => 3000 ), ) ) Any idea ?

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• How to force mdadm to stop RAID5 array?

  - by lucek

  I have /dev/md127 RAID5 array that consisted of four drives. I managed to hot remove them from the array and currently /dev/md127 does not have any drives: cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid1 sdd1[0] sda1[1] 304052032 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid0 sda5[1] sdd5[0] 16770048 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks md127 : active raid5 super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/0] [____] unused devices: <none> and mdadm --detail /dev/md127 /dev/md127: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Thu Sep 6 10:39:57 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 8790402048 (8383.18 GiB 9001.37 GB) Used Dev Size : 2930134016 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Fri Sep 7 17:19:47 2012 State : clean, FAILED Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 0 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 0 0 1 removed 2 0 0 2 removed 3 0 0 3 removed I've tried to do mdadm --stop /dev/md127 but: mdadm --stop /dev/md127 mdadm: Cannot get exclusive access to /dev/md127:Perhaps a running process, mounted filesystem or active volume group? I made sure that it's unmounted, umount -l /dev/md127 and confirmed that it indeed is unmounted: umount /dev/md127 umount: /dev/md127: not mounted I've tried to zero superblock of each drive and I get (for each drive): mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sde1 mdadm: Unrecognised md component device - /dev/sde1 Here's output of lsof|grep md127: lsof|grep md127 md127_rai 276 root cwd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root rtd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root txt unknown /proc/276/exe What else can I do? LVM is not even installed so it can't be a factor.

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• VirtualBox management interface unreliability

  - by Arlen Cuss

  I'm using VirtualBox 3.2.8_OSE with 20 VMs running, and everything's going fine. I find that if I hammer the VBoxManage interface, all sorts of interesting things happen, usually necessitating either a restart of the VM in question, or of all VMs. For instance, if I use VBoxManage guestcontrol execute to run processes, after a few hours of using it maybe once or twice a minute on any given VM, it'll mysteriously start reporting VERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED and refusing to do anything—sometimes trying to restart /usr/sbin/VBoxService on the VM itself will get it back in working order, but often it won't, and in the meantime, no data can be collected using VBoxManage. Such data includes the VM's IP, so if I hadn't recorded it earlier, I'm usually in trouble and have no option but to portscan the network for it, or kill the VM's process on the host manually and restart it. This one I haven't narrowed down yet, but it seems that even using VBoxManage guestproperty get (to retrieve a machine's IP) frequently and rapidly is enough to cause all VMs' management interfaces to die. The processes are still running fine, but VBoxManage reports them all as "powered off". In the meantime, another process somewhere in the system seems to have decided that their being powered off means they need to be powered on again, and suddenly I have 2x the number of VBoxHeadless processes running than I used to. Has anyone else seen behaviour like this? Is there any workaround? This is a serious impediment to my work, as I've had to resort to a lot of (hacky) caching of data and rate-limiting how often I call VBoxManage, just in case I accidentally bring 20 VMs to their knees.

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• Cobbler 2.2.2 problems

  - by Peter

  I have setup a dedicated LAN for Cobbler tests. My setup is: Cobbler server: openSUSE 12.3, cobbler 2.2.2 (from openSUSE repos) Imported distros: Centos 6.5, Red Hat 6.5, Red Hat 7.0, openSUSE 13.1 Target Machine: VMs in a Windows 7 Virtualbox Systems provisioning works OK, but I have some problems. The first one is that cobbler does not honor the "pxe_just_once: 1" setting. When the setup of the target OS is finished, after the reboot the target systems continues to PXE boot! The second problem is that the target server is not correctly configured! See my setup: cobbler system report --name=test Name : test TFTP Boot Files : {} Comment : Fetchable Files : {} Gateway : 192.168.0.1 Hostname : testcob1.example.com Image : IPv6 Autoconfiguration : False IPv6 Default Device : Kernel Options : {} Kernel Options (Post Install) : {} Kickstart : <<inherit>> Kickstart Metadata : {} LDAP Enabled : False LDAP Management Type : authconfig Management Classes : [] Management Parameters : <<inherit>> Monit Enabled : False Name Servers : ['192.168.0.1', '8.8.8.8'] Name Servers Search Path : [] Netboot Enabled : False Owners : ['admin'] Power Management Address : Power ID : Power Password : Power Management Type : ipmitool Power Username : Profile : RHEL-6.5-x86_64 Proxy : <<inherit>> Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>> Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>> Repos Enabled : False Server Override : <<inherit>> Status : testing Template Files : {} Virt Auto Boot : <<inherit>> Virt CPUs : <<inherit>> Virt Disk Driver Type : <<inherit>> Virt File Size(GB) : <<inherit>> Virt Path : <<inherit>> Virt RAM (MB) : <<inherit>> Virt Type : <<inherit>> Interface ===== : eth0 Bonding Opts : Bridge Opts : DHCP Tag : DNS Name : Master Interface : Interface Type : IP Address : 192.168.0.200 IPv6 Address : IPv6 Default Gateway : IPv6 MTU : IPv6 Secondaries : [] IPv6 Static Routes : [] MAC Address : Management Interface : True MTU : Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0 Static : True Static Routes : [] Virt Bridge : So, although I have setup the hostname and the network interface of the target system, after the setup, the hostname is set to localhost.localdomain and eth0 is configured as a DHCP not static! How can I find the problem and fix it? Note that I have synced and restarted cobbler a couple of times, but the problems persists.

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• Conditionnal relay in postfix

  - by Florent

  I use postfix to send direct email. But, I use a relay to send email for specific senders. So I use "sender_dependent_relayhost_maps" : /etc/postfix/main.cf : relayhost = transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport smtp_sender_dependent_authentication = yes sender_dependent_relayhost_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_relay /etc/postfix/sender_relay : [email protected] smtp.relay.com So when I send an email with sender email "[email protected]", postfix will use the relay. But... I don't want to use the relay host for some recipient. ;) I think I must use "transport_map" to catch the email before it pass through "sender_dependent_relayhost_maps" but I don't know how to do it... Thanks

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• bind named server - forward some requests to other servers

  - by Pentium100

  Is there a way to make bind answer some queries but forward all other queries (of the same domain) to another server, as in: example.com A 127.0.0.1 www.example.com A 127.0.0.1 everything not on this list (example.com MX, ftp.example.com A etc) - ask 192.168.0.1 (another DNS server) Essentially I want to intercept some (but not all) queries going to (in this example) 192.168.0.1 and answer for it. example.com A- intercept www.example.com - intercept example.com MX - pass trough ftp.example.com - pass trough

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• How do I tell mdadm to start using a missing disk in my RAID5 array again?

  - by Jon Cage

  I have a 3-disk RAID array running in my Ubuntu server. This has been running flawlessly for over a year but I was recently forced to strip, move and rebuild the machine. When I had it all back together and ran up Ubuntu, I had some problems with disks not being detected. A couple of reboots later and I'd solved that issue. The problem now is that the 3-disk array is showing up as degraded every time I boot up. For some reason it seems that Ubuntu has made a new array and added the missing disk to it. I've tried stopping the new 1-disk array and adding the missing disk, but I'm struggling. On startup I get this: root@uberserver:~# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md_d1 : inactive sdf1[2](S) 1953511936 blocks md0 : active raid5 sdg1[2] sdc1[3] sdb1[1] sdh1[0] 2930279808 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] I have two RAID arrays and the one that normally pops up as md1 isn't appearing. I read somewhere that calling mdadm --assemble --scan would re-assemble the missing array so I've tried first stopping the existing array that ubuntu started: root@uberserver:~# mdadm --stop /dev/md_d1 mdadm: stopped /dev/md_d1 ...and then tried to tell ubuntu to pick the disks up again: root@uberserver:~# mdadm --assemble --scan mdadm: /dev/md/1 has been started with 2 drives (out of 3). So that's started md1 again but it's not picking up the disk from md_d1: root@uberserver:~# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md1 : active raid5 sde1[1] sdf1[2] 3907023872 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [_UU] md_d1 : inactive sdd1[0](S) 1953511936 blocks md0 : active raid5 sdg1[2] sdc1[3] sdb1[1] sdh1[0] 2930279808 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] What's going wrong here? Why is Ubuntu trying to pick up sdd into a different array? How do I get that missing disk back home again? [Edit] - After adding the md1 to mdadm.conf it now tries to mount the array on startup but it's still missing the disk. If I tell it to try and assemble automatically I get the impression it know it needs sdd but can't use it: root@uberserver:~# mdadm --assemble --scan /dev/md1: File exists mdadm: /dev/md/1 already active, cannot restart it! mdadm: /dev/md/1 needed for /dev/sdd1... What am I missing?

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