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• Write but not delete

  - by hunix

  Hi, We are using glusterfs for our cloud storage needs. Since the partition is open to many servers, we would like to disable file deletion as we don't delete or overwrite any file. Glusterfs does not have ACL, so I need to implement this solution outside of the glusterfs. Perhaps I can mount the disks read and write only (with disabling deletion), but could not find any solution. Setfacl etc. does not work on the partition. How can we disable file deletion -at least- on the client machines? Thanks,

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• Would SSD drives benefit from a non-default allocation unit size?

  - by davebug

  The default allocation unit size recommended when formatting a drive in our current set-up is 4096 bytes. I understand the basics of the pros and cons of larger and smaller sizes (performance boost vs. space preservation) but it seems the benefits of a solid state drive (seek times massively lower than hard disks) may create a situation where a much smaller allocation size is not detrimental. Were this the case it would at least partially help to overcome the disadvantage of SSD (massively higher prices per GB). Is there a way to determine the 'cost' of smaller allocation sizes specifically related to seek times? Or are there any studies or articles recommending a change from the default based on this newer tech? (Assume the most average scattering of sizes program files, OS files, data, mp3s, text files, etc.)

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• Best archive format & tool for large amounts of data (50gb+)

  - by marcusstarnes

  I only realised this afternoon that the ZIP format has a limit of what appears to be around 20gb. I am trying to automate an archive process (using Automate) to zip/rar/whatever a collection of folders/files on one of my disks. It always appeared to bomb out with an incomplete archive at about 20gb. So I tried using WinRAR and doing it manually as a ZIP file, but it told me of the limit. So, I was wondering, what is a recommended zip format (and tool for accomplishing the task) for archiving up a large amount of data (around 50gb)? Thanks

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• Mirrored servers in data centers nationwide -- how?

  - by Sysadmin Evstar

  I flubbed my IT interview with Google by getting this question wrong. I thought that in the various metropolitan areas, an "http://google.com" request went to a local DNS server in a geographically nearby datacenter, which then returned an IP address for just one of several nearby http servers, which then rollover'd to the next local server, and I could not explain how or where the nationwide DNS kept its table of the available local servers cached, or how such a rollover happened. Or how they could manually take some server out of rotation, from anywhere. Fail. So, which Wikipedia page should I be looking at now so I can ace this question next time? And, what daemons run on these machines 24/7 to keep the mirrored database disks synchronized?

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• Mirrored servers in data centers nationwide -- how?

  - by Sysadmin Evstar

  Mirrored servers in data centers nationwide -- how? I flunked my IT interview by getting this question wrong. I thought that in the various metropolitan areas, an "http://google.com" request goes to the ISP's DNS server, which somehow returns an IP address for one of several geographically-nearby http servers, and then something internally rolls over to the next available local Google server. But then, I could not explain where the table of available local Google servers is actually cached, or the details of the IP address rollover. Or how they could manually take some server out of the rotation, from anywhere. So, what should I be reading now so I can ace this question next time? Also, what daemons run on these machines 24/7 to keep all those mirrored database disks synchronized?

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• How to make a Windows 8 clean install without prior Windows installation or key?

  - by fmsf

  I've been a Mac user for ages and I don't have any copy of Windows (xp, vista or 7). So I need to make a clean install on my custom built pc currently running Linux. I have found some information regarding the existence of a "Windows 8 pro system builder" which will allow clean installs in blank disks without any pre-requisites for prior Windows versions, but all information is very vague and without references. Does anyone know how to do this kind of installation? Where can I buy the Windows 8 system builder?

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• Archive format & tool for large amounts of data (50gb+)

  - by marcusstarnes

  I only realised this afternoon that the ZIP format has a limit of what appears to be around 20gb. I am trying to automate an archive process (using Automate) to zip/rar/whatever a collection of folders/files on one of my disks. It always appeared to bomb out with an incomplete archive at about 20gb. So I tried using WinRAR and doing it manually as a ZIP file, but it told me of the limit. So, I was wondering, what is a recommended zip format (and tool for accomplishing the task) for archiving up a large amount of data (around 50gb)?

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• Is ceph usable with only 100Mbps bandwidth between nodes?

  - by vaab

  I haven't great hardware, but my requirements are low, I would like to start using ceph so as to abstract filesystem location and allow potential easy scaling to bigger hardware in an hypothetical future. My actual hardware meets ceph hardware requirements except the ethernet bandwidth part between the hosts. Mine is 100 Mbit/s which is much lower than the 1Gbps expected in ceph, even from the minimal requirement. Will I be able to use ceph in a very small smili-prod environnement (with limited number of clients) ? FYI: My hardware is 2 or maybe 3 hosts having each 4 core Intel, 24Go RAM, 2x2To disks but 100Mpbs between them.

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• I want to reformat my external hard disk but disk utility said it could not be unmounted

  - by Faith

  Hi I wanted to reformat my HP 500GB hard disk to MS DOS (FAT) by using Disk Utility but Disk Utility kept saying that the hard disk cannot be unmounted. I tried googling it but nothing seems to answer my question. I'm not trying to reformat the hard disk in my Mac but my external hard disk! I usually format my hard disks to clear the documents I no longer need. And I'll change it to ExFat but currently, whenever I plug in my hard disk on Windows, the whole system just hangs there. Can someone help??

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• Which rdisk value in boot.ini maps to which disk?

  - by MA1

  Following are the contents of a sample boot.ini: [boot loader] timeout=30 default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /NOEXECUTE=OPTIN /FASTDETECT multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINNT="Windows 2000 Professional" /fastdetect multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition" /NOEXECUTE=OPTIN /FASTDETECT The rdisk value tells the physical disk number. So, if I have three hard disks say: /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc Then how to know which disk (/dev/sda or /dev/sdb or /dev/sdc) is rdisk(0) and which disk is rdisk(1), etc.?

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• Install Windows XP without disk

  - by Pearsonartphoto

  So, my kid's computer has Windows XP, with no disks. I'm pretty sure it has some viruses on the computer, of the type that don't seem to come out despite trying multiple anti-viral programs on it. I'm ready to just format it and start over again. I have a license sticker on the box, but no media to install it. I strongly suspect the license is OEM, but I don't have any proof. What suggestions would you have? I should say, the computer originally belonged to a business, is probably 6 years old, and I am willing to pay a small charge if required. I don't want to change the OS installed either.

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• What is the best file system to use for a second hard drive when dual booting between WinXP and Win7

  - by Corey

  I am dual booting for legacy reasons, and I have a 2nd internal drive that I would like to use from both XP and 7. Should I go with the standard NTFS? (will the secuirty features be an issue, with different SIDs from the different users) Should I go with FAT32? Should I try out the new exFAT? Also, I curently have two of my 3 drives as "dynamic disks" and 1 spaned volume created on them. (i did this from XP) Win7 can see them/it fine. Is this an ok thing to do?

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• How long does it take in practice to warm up large in-memory databases?

  - by Sim

  Companies such as Peak Hosting are offering 64 core machines with 512Gb RAM for $2K/month. This is a very interesting choice for in-memory databases such as Memcached/Redis as well as databases whose performance degrades rapidly when the data & indexes don't fit in RAM, such as MongoDB. My main concern with monster machines such as these is the time it takes to warm up an in-memory database. In my experience, theoretical metrics, e.g., that SATA can load 100Mb/sec, fall short of what happens in practice. Even at that rate, 100Mb/sec means that loading up 512Gb RAM machine from SATA disks can take over 1 1/2 hours (!). I am looking for real-world reports of warm-up times for machines with very large memory. Please, share details of the software on the machine, data size, storage configuration, e.g., SATA or SSD, network, hosting/cloud provider, if relevant, etc.

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• Running Ubuntu off a USB drive?

  - by Solignis

  I was wondering if a USB 2.0 Thumb drive has enough bandwidth to act as a primary system drive in an Ubuntu Linux server. More specifically an SAN server. I am running an iSCSI target, ZFS and NFS-kernel-server, BIND9 (Slave), and Openldap (Slave). I was thinking of resorting to a thumb drive because my new motherboard only has 4 SATA ports and I have 5 disks. 4 (ZFS Pool) 1 (System). And unless I get an expansion card there is no way to get more SATA ports. This "server" leans more twords a home server. I use in my lab with my VMware server. It provides storage, or atleast it did until it died. Would it still be better to go with the SATA hard disk?

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• Setting thresholds via smartd.conf

  - by JPerkSter

  Hello! We currently use smartd to monitor SMART health on our disks. I would like to set the 'thresholds' that smartd uses to report. For example: 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 9 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 9 I would like to be able to set a threshold for these two attributes to only report if they are above 10. I haven't been able to find a way to set this via smartd.conf, and I'm also not looking to actually shutdown the daemon. Has anyone ever tried this, or know how I might be able to accomplish this better then throwing a script into cron.hourly?

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• Replacing a non-failing drive in a RAID-0 array [migrated]

  - by TallFurryMan

  I have a Windows 7 machine booting on a RAID-0 pair of 500GB disks, controlled by an ICH9R. One of those is indicating an end-To-end SMART failure. I added a spare disk as a temporary workaround, before receiving another to replace the failing one (prices are awful these days). The RAID-0 rebuilt on the spare and dropped the failing one from the array, as expected. Now that I received the new drive, what are my options to reintegrate it in the array? My first thought was to simply clone the temporary disk to the new one while the array is offline, but shouldn't there be a way to force a second rebuild, just as if the temporary drive had a warning, and drop that temporary from the array?

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• USB-based AV application that restores compromised Windows files from CD/DVD?

  - by overtherainbow

  Hello I just tried a couple of rescue disks (AVG and Kaspersky), and I was wondering if someone knew of a solution that would work like this: The AV solution boots from a USB key, and works entirely from RAM (where the latest virus DB is downloaded) The user inserts his Windows CD/DVD in the drive If any Windows file is compromised, the AV application fetches a clean version from the CD/DVD and restores it on the hard drive optionally, any compromised drive/user-land application is quarantied, and it is up to the user to reinstall those after he successfully rebooted into a restored Windows setup Have you heard of a solution like this? It seems silly to reinstall a whole Windows computer just because one or a few system files were compromised. Thank you.

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• RAID1: Which disk will be mirrored?

  - by tmelen

  How does a RAID1 system determine which disk to use as the source and which disk to use as the destination when mirroring? Assume for instance the following scenario: A RAID1 array is created with two disks A and B. A is replaced by disk C, which is added to the array. Files are beeing modified as time goes by. Now B is removed and A is reinserted. Will the RAID1 system realize that A and C are out of sync? And that C is more up-to-date than A? And if not, is there a safe way to avoid the mirroring process to start immediately when disk A is inserted?

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• External hard disk not showing up as removable media

  - by mark

  Windows 7 Pro x64, my external hard drive is a Western Digital Carviar Black. The hard drive is connected via USB (tried all my 2.0 and 3.0 ob my Gigabyte GA-X58A-UD7) but once I initialized it in the "disk management" (or whatever the proper term is; I'm using a German edition of Windows) I have to assign it a manual drive letter. Otherwise it doesn't show up. I'm confused because usually externally connected drives (be it USB sticks or real hard disks) just show up as "Removable media", but this one doesn't. Is this OK/expected? Will there be troubles when I go to another Windows computer? I formatted the drive with quick format and NTFS. I changed the permissions to have read/write for "Everyone" on that drive. thanks

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• OSX Dirve dropped out of RAID 5 Array?

  - by user41724

  I had a drive "Fail" and drop out of our raid 5 array... After reboot the drive came back up, but its "Roaming". How do I re-integrate it back into the RAID 5? Right now I have no redundancy with only 2 disks in the array. The migrate RAID Set feature of RAID Utility seems to want to crate a RAID 0 only? I have provided links to some screen caps. http://tiny.cc/3ns5r Any help would be appreciated. Thanks

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• LVM incorrectly reported missing after power failure

  - by mensi

  We have had a major power failure in the data-center. We are using a set of servers for our storage needs. The main server has several pairs of disks mirrored with mdadm. The resulting /dev/mdX are LVM physical volumes and belong to a big volume-group with all our data. After the powerloss, we had the problem that one of the mdadm devices was not auto-detected due to a missing entry in mdadm.conf. As a consequence, the volumegroup had inactive logical volumes due to the missing PV. We were able to fix the mdadm config and reboot. pvscan shows all expected PVs but one LV still does not come up. vgdisplay shows: [...] Cur PV: 3 Act PV: 2 [...] Neither vgscan nor pvscan show any missing devices. What went wrong? How can we force LVM to activate all PVs?

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• how to recover data from my disk - I accidentally copied with dd an iso on it

  - by sijoune

  I wanted to create a bootable usb from an iso image and i accidentally put as the output of the dd, instead of my usb drive, one of my hard disks. The iso was 3,3 GB and my disk is 1TB! And it was almost full. Can i at least restore the data that has not been overwritten? Right now i can't even mount it. I get this error: Error mounting /dev/sdd1 at /media/main/UDF Volume: Command-line `mount -t "udf" -o "uhelper=udisks2,nodev,nosuid,uid=1000,gid=1000,iocharset=utf8,umask=0077" "/dev/sdd1" "/media/main/UDF Volume"' exited with non-zero exit status 32: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdd1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Also since i know which filesystem my disk used if i reformat it to this filesystem is there any chance i can mount it and retrieve the rest of the files?

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• windows symbolic file links arn't followed through network access

  - by fpdragon

  I have a server with win7 and a big share on C:\share In this share there are many symbolic links to files on other local disks like C:\share\file.txt(symlink) <- D:\file.txt I can access the file over: C:\share\file.txt \server\share\file.txt but if I try to access from an other pc I can't open the file. I'm able to delete, rename ... the link but it seems that the symbolic link isn't processed by the server. Can I change something with cifs to make this work? I already checked the acls of the link and the file and set them to allow everybody everything. I also can access the file with d$. Hope there is a solution...

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• How do I mount a .iso or .dmg image as a CD on a Mac so that it's recognised as a CD and not just a volume?

  - by despicable

  I have a knackered super-drive, and need to install software from a CD. However I do have backup images (as .dmg's) of all my install disks. Usually it all works fine, but with two particular installs it tells me to insert the CD into the drive. Is there anyway to fool the system into mounting the .dmg and make it look like a CD? I believe that Toast can do this, so it's possible. I was just hoping to be able to do it without forking out £80 - I could get an external drive for that (just not right this second)

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• what may cause unexpected log outs?

  - by lalebarde

  Sometimes, my Linux PC unexpectedly closes my session (log out) while I am working, and puts me back the login window. If I have terminal 1 logged with root and 2 logged with another user (without X), these ones are not logged out. For example, for the last three hours, it has happened five times. Other times, it leads to a reboot. So I have investigated: the UPS, but the behaviour is unchanged without it). the temperatures, but everything is fine (cpu, disks, video card). I have started to investigate also: the memory (partially tested - I have to run a full testyt next night). EDIT: totally tested and passed. My configuration is: Linux 2.6.37-tuxonice x86_64 Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz. Any idea please?

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