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  • functionality of cin in c++

    - by wyatt
    I'm a bit confused by the results of the following function: int main() { string command; while(1) { cin >> command; if(command == "end") return 0; else cout << "Could you repeat the command?" << endl; } return 0; } First of all - the output line ("could you...") repeats once for each individual word in the input (stored in command). So far as I can see, it should only be possible for it to happen once for each instance of the loop. Also, when the line 'if(command == "end")' is changed to 'if(command == "that's all")' it never triggers. A little testing suggested that all of the whitespace was removed from the command. Could someone explain to me what's going on here? Thanks

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  • Personalize Diff Command in Ubuntu

    - by acidboy
    I have two files, both with a lot of data, what I need is compare the first word of each file (each file always starts with a number, and each number could have many digits). The files are identical when these numbers are the same. Example: I have 3 files: a.txt, b.txt and c.txt a.txt content is "1 a b c 3 5 6 hjkj" b.txt content is "1 c f a 1234 h" c.txt content is "2 a b c 3 5 6 hjkj" diff a.txt b.txt should return "files are identical" diff a.txt c.txt should return "files are different" How can I compare them using the diff command?

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  • Android-SQLite: How to Count specific value from Column?

    - by sanpatil
    I have two table (TABLE_EXAM,TABLE_RESULT). Here is value of my TABLE_RESULT. result_id exam_id question_id correct_answer 1 2 4 y 2 2 5 y 3 2 6 n 4 2 7 y I need to count how many correct_answer='y' where exam_id=2. I try following code but it return 0. public int calculateResult(int examId,String confirmAnswer) { int correctAnswer=0; try { SQLiteDatabase db=this.getWritableDatabase(); String selectQuery=("select count(correctAnswer) from result where exam_id ='" + examId + "' and correctAnswer ='" + 'y' +"'" ); // String selectQuery=("SELECT COUNT(*)FROM result WHERE exam_id ='" + examId + "' and correctAnswer ='" + confirmAnswer +"'" ); Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(selectQuery, null); if(cursor.moveToLast()) { correctAnswer=cursor.getInt(3); } } catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return correctAnswer; } In variable confirm_answer i pass "y". Give me some hint or reference. Any help is appreciated. Thanks in Advance

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  • php, OOP dosent allow me to fetch multilingual content?

    - by user3138823
    i have written bellow class for my database connection. class dbConnection { protected $dbLink; public $db_host = "127.0.0.1"; public $db_user = "root"; public $db_pass = ""; public $db_name = "answer"; function connect() { try { $dbLink = new PDO('mysql:host='.$this->db_host.';dbname='.$this->db_name, $this->db_user, $this->db_pass); return $dbLink; } catch (PDOException $e) { return $e->getMessage(); } } } but in my databse i have multilingual content ( collection type = utf8_general_ci ). when i try to fetch data it returns ???? instead of real data. please can any one tell me how can i improve my class to work with multilingual contents. Thanks.

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  • How to understand if (name in {}) in javascript?

    - by tiplip
    I encounter a js function snippet, list as follows each = function(obj, fun) { if (typeof fun != "function") { return obj } if (obj) { var return_value; if (obj.length === undefined) { for (var name in obj) { if (name in {}) { // how to undertand this line, what's purpose? continue } return_value = fun.call(obj[name], obj[name], name); if (return_value == "break") { break } } } else { for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) { return_value = fun.call(obj[i], obj[i], i); if (return_value == "break") { break } } } } return obj }; Thanks for your answer:)

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  • Find largest rectangle containing only zeros in an N&times;N binary matrix

    - by Rajendra
    Given an NxN binary matrix (containing only 0's or 1's), how can we go about finding largest rectangle containing all 0's? Example: I 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 II->0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 <--IV 0 0 1 0 0 0 IV is a 6×6 binary matrix; the return value in this case will be Cell 1: (2, 1) and Cell 2: (4, 4). The resulting sub-matrix can be square or rectangular. The return value can also be the size of the largest sub-matrix of all 0's, in this example 3 × 4.

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  • Quick C Style Question

    - by LearningC
    Which is considered better style? int set_int(int *source){ *source = 5; return 0; } int main(){ int x*; set_int(x); } OR int *set_int(){ int *temp = NULL; temp = malloc(sizeof (int)); *temp = 5; return temp; } int main(){ int *x = set_int(); } Coming for a higher level programming background I gotta say I like the second version more. Any, tips would be very helpful. Still learning C.

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  • call .js file after ajax load

    - by asovgir
    I am trying to apply a .js file to a page I loaded via ajax (since ajax automatically strips the content of all the javascript). var url; var textUrl = 'local/file.js'; $('a').click(function() { url = $(this).attr('href'); $('.secondaryDiv').load(url, function() { $.getScript(textUrl, function(data, textStatus, jqxhr) { console.log(data); //data returned from getScript console.log(textStatus); //return "success" console.log(jqxhr.status); //200 }); }); return false; }); Am I approaching this the right way? I tried everything I could think of and I can't get it to work

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  • Inconsistent behaviour from SDL_BlitSurface

    - by bardes
    Here is an example code: #include <SDL/SDL.h> #include <SDL/SDL_image.h> #include <stdio.h> int main() { if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING) == -1) { printf("SDL ERROR: %s", SDL_GetError()); return 1; } SDL_Surface *screen; screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(128, 128, 32, SDL_SWSURFACE); SDL_Surface *img; img = IMG_Load("./debug.png"); SDL_BlitSurface(img, NULL, screen, NULL); SDL_Flip(screen); SDL_Delay(1000); SDL_FreeSurface(img); SDL_Quit(); return 0; } It compiles fine, but when I run it sometimes it works and most times only part of the image is displayed. I really can't imagine what's causing that... EDIT: This is the image I'm using to test the program: http://img140.imageshack.us/img140/3858/debugi.png

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  • cant figure out pointer assignment in c

    - by vadiklk
    int add(char *var1, char *var2, char **var3) { int num1, num2, length1 = strlen(var1), length2 = strlen(var2), length = max(length1, length2) + 1; char *result = (char*) calloc(length, sizeof(char)); ... free(*var3); *var3 = result; return 0; } out side of the function i get its still nothing(var3); more detail: int addSubCommand(char **vars, int isAdd) { ... return add(vars[index1], var2, &(vars[index3])); } that's where i call add. the char** vars goes from every function to the other.

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  • Many network adapters at machine, need to find one that is used for traffic in Windows (from .net)

    - by viko
    My application use Web-service. I'm control from what workstation was request and for this send MAC-Address how parameter of all methods. But then I start testing application in real, I found workstations which have many network adapters - Ethernet, Wireless, Bluetooth. When I get MAC-address using next code: var networkAdapters = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces(); if (networkAdapters == null || networkAdapters.Length == 0) return string.Empty; string address = string.Empty; foreach (var adapter in networkAdapters) { var a = adapter.GetPhysicalAddress(); if (a != null && a.ToString() != string.Empty) { address = a.ToString(); break; } } return address; Sometimes Web-service receive from workstation different MAC-Addresses, but I want get always only one MAC-address. Please, help me.

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  • No such file or directory python in linux only (coming from windows)

    - by user1804633
    I have the same exact directory structure within a folder in Windows & in Linux (Debian) - where the script is along the static + dataoutput folders How come the following code works fine in Windows, but gives a no such file or directory path error in linux? @app.route('/_getdataoutputfilelisting') def getdataoutputfilelisting(): listoffilesindataouput = getfiles('static/dataoutput') return jsonify(listoffiles = listoffilesindataouput) def getfiles(dirpath): a = [s for s in os.listdir(dirpath) if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(dirpath, s))] a.sort(key=lambda s: os.path.getmtime(os.path.join(dirpath, s))) a.reverse() return a Is there a way to make it universal such that it works in both OSs? Thanks

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  • incompatible types in java

    - by user2975357
    Should I point out that I am a begginer at this? double averageMonthlyTemp() { double[] amt = new double[52]; int sum = 0; int index = 0; for (int i = 0; i < temp.length - 1; i = i + 7) { //where temp is an existiing //previously initialized array //of 365 elements, form 0 to 364 for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++) { sum = sum + temp[i + j]; if (j % 7 == 6) { double average = ((double) sum) / 7; amt[index] = average; index++; sum = (int) 0; } } } return amt; } When I try to compile, I get an "incompatible types" error, with the "amt" at return amt marked in red. Does somebody know why?

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  • A HREF URL won't work

    - by user3586248
    I am trying to get the following link to work. <a href='#' onclick='window.open(" | &ESPP_Info_URL | ");return false;'>Employee Stock Purchase Plan Information</a> Basically the &ESPP_Info_URL variable takes in a url so that the code below looks like... <a onclick="window.open(https://...);return false;" href="#">Employee Stock Purchase Plan Information</a> But when I click the url it just refreshes the page. Does anyone know how to get this to access the link within the window.open function?

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  • How to sort a hash by value in descending order and output a hash in ruby?

    - by tipsywacky
    output.sort_by {|k, v| v}.reverse and for keys h = {"a"=>1, "c"=>3, "b"=>2, "d"=>4} => {"a"=>1, "c"=>3, "b"=>2, "d"=>4} Hash[h.sort] Right now I have these two. But I'm trying to sort hash in descending order by value so that it will return => {"d"=>4, "c"=>3, "b"=>2, "a"=>1 } Thanks in advance. Edit: let me post the whole code. def count_words(str) # YOUR CODE HERE output = Hash.new(0) sentence = str.gsub(/,/, "").gsub(/'/,"").gsub(/-/, "").downcase words = sentence.split() words.each do |item| output[item] += 1 end puts Hash[output.sort_by{ |_, v| -v }] return Hash[output.sort_by{|k, v| v}.reverse] end

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  • [jquery] Different function for same class on 'click' / 'dblclick'

    - by Shishant
    Hello, This are my two functions, on single click it works fine, but on dblclick both functions execute, any idea? I tried using live instead of delegate but still both functions execute on dblclick // Change Status on click $(".todoBox").delegate("li", "click", function() { var id = $(this).attr("id"); $.ajax({ //ajax stuff }); return false; }); // Double Click to Delete $(".todoBox").delegate("li", "dblclick", function(){ var id = $(this).attr("id"); $.ajax({ //ajax stuff }); return false; });

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  • Check if user in a database is banned JDBC

    - by user2297666
    Using an oracle database, I need to perform a check to see if a user in my 'users' table is banned or not. The user is banned if his column 'banned' has a value of '1', '0' if he is not. I have the following working code here: public boolean banUser(String username) {//TODO check if user is banned already try { pstmnt = conn.prepareStatement("UPDATE users SET banned = 1 WHERE username = ?"); pstmnt.setString(1, username); pstmnt.execute(); logger.info("Banned User : " + username); return true; } catch ( SQLException e ) { e.getMessage(); } return false; } I'm not sure how to perform an if statement on top of a prepared statement. Any ideas?

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  • Is there a way to write a Python script that creates and executes code?

    - by KaliMa
    Is there a way in Python to create Python code inside the Python script and then execute/test it? My function has the following type of form (as an example) def f(n): if n<=3: return [0, 0, 6, 12][n] return 2*f(n-1) - 4*f(n-2) - 5*f(n-3) + 15*f(n-4) But I want to be able to create these kinds of functions dynamically (or any arbitrary function for that matter) and then test their outputs during runtime (as opposed to copying/pasting this function into the script and then manually testing it). Not sure if this makes sense, please ask for elaboration if needed. I've already looked into eval and exec but couldn't get them to work with entire function definitions, just basic statements like 1+2, etc.

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  • Java Basics: create class object

    - by user1767853
    In C++: class Rectangle { int x, y; public: void set_values (int,int); int area () {return (x*y);} }; int main () { Rectangle rect; rect.set_values (3,4); } In Java: class Rectangle { int x, y; void set_values (int x,int y); int area () {return (x*y);} } public static void main(String[] args) { Rectangle rect=new Rectangle(3,4); } In C++ compiler will create rect object & reserve memory 4 bytes. I want to know How Java is creating object?

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  • What's the different?

    - by question_about_the_problem
    I'm not php expert and I don't know what's the different(1) between a and b. a.)eval('return "'.base64_decode("encoded_text").'";') b.)base64_decode("encoded_text") -I THINK, a is php code and b is just string. And my other question is: What is the diffent(2) between c and d? c.)eval('return "'.base64_decode("encoded_text").'";') d.)eval(base64_decode("encoded_text")) So I have 2 questions. Who can answer/help ? Thanks.

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  • any other way to find char array length?

    - by user2785137
    public static int getLenth(char[] t) { int i=0; int count=0; try { while(t[i]!='\0') { ++count; i++; } return count; } catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiobe) { return count; } } This method returns length of charArray. But my question is, is there is some other "ways" to find the length of charArray without using this try, catch statements & all ?? Thanks in advance :)

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  • Java - Basic use of arrays

    - by javaisjusttoohard
    This is a basic question but I do need some help. Given two arrays of ints, a and b, return true if they have the same first element or they have the same last element. Both arrays will be length 1 or more. commonEnd({1, 2, 3}, {7, 3}) ? true commonEnd({1, 2, 3}, {7, 3, 2}) ? false commonEnd({1, 2, 3}, {1, 3}) ? true I have the following code but it wont compile: public boolean commonEnd(int[] a, int[] b) { if(a[0] == b[0] || a[a.length-1] ==b[b.length-1]) return true; }

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  • An Introduction to jQuery Templates

    - by Stephen Walther
    The goal of this blog entry is to provide you with enough information to start working with jQuery Templates. jQuery Templates enable you to display and manipulate data in the browser. For example, you can use jQuery Templates to format and display a set of database records that you have retrieved with an Ajax call. jQuery Templates supports a number of powerful features such as template tags, template composition, and wrapped templates. I’ll concentrate on the features that I think that you will find most useful. In order to focus on the jQuery Templates feature itself, this blog entry is server technology agnostic. All the samples use HTML pages instead of ASP.NET pages. In a future blog entry, I’ll focus on using jQuery Templates with ASP.NET Web Forms and ASP.NET MVC (You can do some pretty powerful things when jQuery Templates are used on the client and ASP.NET is used on the server). Introduction to jQuery Templates The jQuery Templates plugin was developed by the Microsoft ASP.NET team in collaboration with the open-source jQuery team. While working at Microsoft, I wrote the original proposal for jQuery Templates, Dave Reed wrote the original code, and Boris Moore wrote the final code. The jQuery team – especially John Resig – was very involved in each step of the process. Both the jQuery community and ASP.NET communities were very active in providing feedback. jQuery Templates will be included in the jQuery core library (the jQuery.js library) when jQuery 1.5 is released. Until jQuery 1.5 is released, you can download the jQuery Templates plugin from the jQuery Source Code Repository or you can use jQuery Templates directly from the ASP.NET CDN. The documentation for jQuery Templates is already included with the official jQuery documentation at http://api.jQuery.com. The main entry for jQuery templates is located under the topic plugins/templates. A Basic Sample of jQuery Templates Let’s start with a really simple sample of using jQuery Templates. We’ll use the plugin to display a list of books stored in a JavaScript array. Here’s the complete code: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html > <head> <title>Intro</title> <link href="0_Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <div id="pageContent"> <h1>ASP.NET Bookstore</h1> <div id="bookContainer"></div> </div> <script id="bookTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <div> <img src="BookPictures/${picture}" alt="" /> <h2>${title}</h2> price: ${formatPrice(price)} </div> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Create an array of books var books = [ { title: "ASP.NET 4 Unleashed", price: 37.79, picture: "AspNet4Unleashed.jpg" }, { title: "ASP.NET MVC Unleashed", price: 44.99, picture: "AspNetMvcUnleashed.jpg" }, { title: "ASP.NET Kick Start", price: 4.00, picture: "AspNetKickStart.jpg" }, { title: "ASP.NET MVC Unleashed iPhone", price: 44.99, picture: "AspNetMvcUnleashedIPhone.jpg" }, ]; // Render the books using the template $("#bookTemplate").tmpl(books).appendTo("#bookContainer"); function formatPrice(price) { return "$" + price.toFixed(2); } </script> </body> </html> When you open this page in a browser, a list of books is displayed: There are several things going on in this page which require explanation. First, notice that the page uses both the jQuery 1.4.4 and jQuery Templates libraries. Both libraries are retrieved from the ASP.NET CDN: <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> You can use the ASP.NET CDN for free (even for production websites). You can learn more about the files included on the ASP.NET CDN by visiting the ASP.NET CDN documentation page. Second, you should notice that the actual template is included in a script tag with a special MIME type: <script id="bookTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <div> <img src="BookPictures/${picture}" alt="" /> <h2>${title}</h2> price: ${formatPrice(price)} </div> </script> This template is displayed for each of the books rendered by the template. The template displays a book picture, title, and price. Notice that the SCRIPT tag which wraps the template has a MIME type of text/x-jQuery-tmpl. Why is the template wrapped in a SCRIPT tag and why the strange MIME type? When a browser encounters a SCRIPT tag with an unknown MIME type, it ignores the content of the tag. This is the behavior that you want with a template. You don’t want a browser to attempt to parse the contents of a template because this might cause side effects. For example, the template above includes an <img> tag with a src attribute that points at “BookPictures/${picture}”. You don’t want the browser to attempt to load an image at the URL “BookPictures/${picture}”. Instead, you want to prevent the browser from processing the IMG tag until the ${picture} expression is replaced by with the actual name of an image by the jQuery Templates plugin. If you are not worried about browser side-effects then you can wrap a template inside any HTML tag that you please. For example, the following DIV tag would also work with the jQuery Templates plugin: <div id="bookTemplate" style="display:none"> <div> <h2>${title}</h2> price: ${formatPrice(price)} </div> </div> Notice that the DIV tag includes a style=”display:none” attribute to prevent the template from being displayed until the template is parsed by the jQuery Templates plugin. Third, notice that the expression ${…} is used to display the value of a JavaScript expression within a template. For example, the expression ${title} is used to display the value of the book title property. You can use any JavaScript function that you please within the ${…} expression. For example, in the template above, the book price is formatted with the help of the custom JavaScript formatPrice() function which is defined lower in the page. Fourth, and finally, the template is rendered with the help of the tmpl() method. The following statement selects the bookTemplate and renders an array of books using the bookTemplate. The results are appended to a DIV element named bookContainer by using the standard jQuery appendTo() method. $("#bookTemplate").tmpl(books).appendTo("#bookContainer"); Using Template Tags Within a template, you can use any of the following template tags. {{tmpl}} – Used for template composition. See the section below. {{wrap}} – Used for wrapped templates. See the section below. {{each}} – Used to iterate through a collection. {{if}} – Used to conditionally display template content. {{else}} – Used with {{if}} to conditionally display template content. {{html}} – Used to display the value of an HTML expression without encoding the value. Using ${…} or {{= }} performs HTML encoding automatically. {{= }}-- Used in exactly the same way as ${…}. {{! }} – Used for displaying comments. The contents of a {{!...}} tag are ignored. For example, imagine that you want to display a list of blog entries. Each blog entry could, possibly, have an associated list of categories. The following page illustrates how you can use the { if}} and {{each}} template tags to conditionally display categories for each blog entry:   <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>each</title> <link href="1_Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <div id="blogPostContainer"></div> <script id="blogPostTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <h1>${postTitle}</h1> <p> ${postEntry} </p> {{if categories}} Categories: {{each categories}} <i>${$value}</i> {{/each}} {{else}} Uncategorized {{/if}} </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var blogPosts = [ { postTitle: "How to fix a sink plunger in 5 minutes", postEntry: "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna.", categories: ["HowTo", "Sinks", "Plumbing"] }, { postTitle: "How to remove a broken lightbulb", postEntry: "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna.", categories: ["HowTo", "Lightbulbs", "Electricity"] }, { postTitle: "New associate website", postEntry: "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna." } ]; // Render the blog posts $("#blogPostTemplate").tmpl(blogPosts).appendTo("#blogPostContainer"); </script> </body> </html> When this page is opened in a web browser, the following list of blog posts and categories is displayed: Notice that the first and second blog entries have associated categories but the third blog entry does not. The third blog entry is “Uncategorized”. The template used to render the blog entries and categories looks like this: <script id="blogPostTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <h1>${postTitle}</h1> <p> ${postEntry} </p> {{if categories}} Categories: {{each categories}} <i>${$value}</i> {{/each}} {{else}} Uncategorized {{/if}} </script> Notice the special expression $value used within the {{each}} template tag. You can use $value to display the value of the current template item. In this case, $value is used to display the value of each category in the collection of categories. Template Composition When building a fancy page, you might want to build a template out of multiple templates. In other words, you might want to take advantage of template composition. For example, imagine that you want to display a list of products. Some of the products are being sold at their normal price and some of the products are on sale. In that case, you might want to use two different templates for displaying a product: a productTemplate and a productOnSaleTemplate. The following page illustrates how you can use the {{tmpl}} tag to build a template from multiple templates:   <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Composition</title> <link href="2_Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <div id="pageContainer"> <h1>Products</h1> <div id="productListContainer"></div> <!-- Show list of products using composition --> <script id="productListTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <div> {{if onSale}} {{tmpl "#productOnSaleTemplate"}} {{else}} {{tmpl "#productTemplate"}} {{/if}} </div> </script> <!-- Show product --> <script id="productTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> ${name} </script> <!-- Show product on sale --> <script id="productOnSaleTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <b>${name}</b> <img src="images/on_sale.png" alt="On Sale" /> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var products = [ { name: "Laptop", onSale: false }, { name: "Apples", onSale: true }, { name: "Comb", onSale: false } ]; $("#productListTemplate").tmpl(products).appendTo("#productListContainer"); </script> </div> </body> </html>   In the page above, the main template used to display the list of products looks like this: <script id="productListTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <div> {{if onSale}} {{tmpl "#productOnSaleTemplate"}} {{else}} {{tmpl "#productTemplate"}} {{/if}} </div> </script>   If a product is on sale then the product is displayed with the productOnSaleTemplate (which includes an on sale image): <script id="productOnSaleTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <b>${name}</b> <img src="images/on_sale.png" alt="On Sale" /> </script>   Otherwise, the product is displayed with the normal productTemplate (which does not include the on sale image): <script id="productTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> ${name} </script>   You can pass a parameter to the {{tmpl}} tag. The parameter becomes the data passed to the template rendered by the {{tmpl}} tag. For example, in the previous section, we used the {{each}} template tag to display a list of categories for each blog entry like this: <script id="blogPostTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <h1>${postTitle}</h1> <p> ${postEntry} </p> {{if categories}} Categories: {{each categories}} <i>${$value}</i> {{/each}} {{else}} Uncategorized {{/if}} </script>   Another way to create this template is to use template composition like this: <script id="blogPostTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <h1>${postTitle}</h1> <p> ${postEntry} </p> {{if categories}} Categories: {{tmpl(categories) "#categoryTemplate"}} {{else}} Uncategorized {{/if}} </script> <script id="categoryTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <i>${$data}</i> &nbsp; </script>   Using the {{each}} tag or {{tmpl}} tag is largely a matter of personal preference. Wrapped Templates The {{wrap}} template tag enables you to take a chunk of HTML and transform the HTML into another chunk of HTML (think easy XSLT). When you use the {{wrap}} tag, you work with two templates. The first template contains the HTML being transformed and the second template includes the filter expressions for transforming the HTML. For example, you can use the {{wrap}} template tag to transform a chunk of HTML into an interactive tab strip: When you click any of the tabs, you see the corresponding content. This tab strip was created with the following page: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Wrapped Templates</title> <style type="text/css"> body { font-family: Arial; background-color:black; } .tabs div { display:inline-block; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding:4px; background-color:gray; cursor:pointer; } .tabs div.tabState_true { background-color:white; border-bottom:1px solid white; } .tabBody { border-top:1px solid white; padding:10px; background-color:white; min-height:400px; width:400px; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="tabsView"></div> <script id="tabsContent" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> {{wrap "#tabsWrap"}} <h3>Tab 1</h3> <div> Content of tab 1. Lorem ipsum dolor <b>sit</b> amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. </div> <h3>Tab 2</h3> <div> Content of tab 2. Lorem ipsum dolor <b>sit</b> amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. </div> <h3>Tab 3</h3> <div> Content of tab 3. Lorem ipsum dolor <b>sit</b> amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. </div> {{/wrap}} </script> <script id="tabsWrap" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> <div class="tabs"> {{each $item.html("h3", true)}} <div class="tabState_${$index === selectedTabIndex}"> ${$value} </div> {{/each}} </div> <div class="tabBody"> {{html $item.html("div")[selectedTabIndex]}} </div> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Global for tracking selected tab var selectedTabIndex = 0; // Render the tab strip $("#tabsContent").tmpl().appendTo("#tabsView"); // When a tab is clicked, update the tab strip $("#tabsView") .delegate(".tabState_false", "click", function () { var templateItem = $.tmplItem(this); selectedTabIndex = $(this).index(); templateItem.update(); }); </script> </body> </html>   The “source” for the tab strip is contained in the following template: <script id="tabsContent" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> {{wrap "#tabsWrap"}} <h3>Tab 1</h3> <div> Content of tab 1. Lorem ipsum dolor <b>sit</b> amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. </div> <h3>Tab 2</h3> <div> Content of tab 2. Lorem ipsum dolor <b>sit</b> amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. </div> <h3>Tab 3</h3> <div> Content of tab 3. Lorem ipsum dolor <b>sit</b> amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. </div> {{/wrap}} </script>   The tab strip is created with a list of H3 elements (which represent each tab) and DIV elements (which represent the body of each tab). Notice that the HTML content is wrapped in the {{wrap}} template tag. This template tag points at the following tabsWrap template: <script id="tabsWrap" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> <div class="tabs"> {{each $item.html("h3", true)}} <div class="tabState_${$index === selectedTabIndex}"> ${$value} </div> {{/each}} </div> <div class="tabBody"> {{html $item.html("div")[selectedTabIndex]}} </div> </script> The tabs DIV contains all of the tabs. The {{each}} template tag is used to loop through each of the H3 elements from the source template and render a DIV tag that represents a particular tab. The template item html() method is used to filter content from the “source” HTML template. The html() method accepts a jQuery selector for its first parameter. The tabs are retrieved from the source template by using an h3 filter. The second parameter passed to the html() method – the textOnly parameter -- causes the filter to return the inner text of each h3 element. You can learn more about the html() method at the jQuery website (see the section on $item.html()). The tabBody DIV renders the body of the selected tab. Notice that the {{html}} template tag is used to display the tab body so that HTML content in the body won’t be HTML encoded. The html() method is used, once again, to grab all of the DIV elements from the source HTML template. The selectedTabIndex global variable is used to display the contents of the selected tab. Remote Templates A common feature request for jQuery templates is support for remote templates. Developers want to be able to separate templates into different files. Adding support for remote templates requires only a few lines of extra code (Dave Ward has a nice blog entry on this). For example, the following page uses a remote template from a file named BookTemplate.htm: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Remote Templates</title> <link href="0_Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <div id="pageContent"> <h1>ASP.NET Bookstore</h1> <div id="bookContainer"></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Create an array of books var books = [ { title: "ASP.NET 4 Unleashed", price: 37.79, picture: "AspNet4Unleashed.jpg" }, { title: "ASP.NET MVC Unleashed", price: 44.99, picture: "AspNetMvcUnleashed.jpg" }, { title: "ASP.NET Kick Start", price: 4.00, picture: "AspNetKickStart.jpg" }, { title: "ASP.NET MVC Unleashed iPhone", price: 44.99, picture: "AspNetMvcUnleashedIPhone.jpg" }, ]; // Get the remote template $.get("BookTemplate.htm", null, function (bookTemplate) { // Render the books using the remote template $.tmpl(bookTemplate, books).appendTo("#bookContainer"); }); function formatPrice(price) { return "$" + price.toFixed(2); } </script> </body> </html>   The remote template is retrieved (and rendered) with the following code: // Get the remote template $.get("BookTemplate.htm", null, function (bookTemplate) { // Render the books using the remote template $.tmpl(bookTemplate, books).appendTo("#bookContainer"); });   This code uses the standard jQuery $.get() method to get the BookTemplate.htm file from the server with an Ajax request. After the BookTemplate.htm file is successfully retrieved, the $.tmpl() method is used to render an array of books with the template. Here’s what the BookTemplate.htm file looks like: <div> <img src="BookPictures/${picture}" alt="" /> <h2>${title}</h2> price: ${formatPrice(price)} </div> Notice that the template in the BooksTemplate.htm file is not wrapped by a SCRIPT element. There is no need to wrap the template in this case because there is no possibility that the template will get interpreted before you want it to be interpreted. If you plan to use the bookTemplate multiple times – for example, you are paging or sorting the books -- then you should compile the template into a function and cache the compiled template function. For example, the following page can be used to page through a list of 100 products (using iPhone style More paging). <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Template Caching</title> <link href="6_Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <h1>Products</h1> <div id="productContainer"></div> <button id="more">More</button> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Globals var pageIndex = 0; // Create an array of products var products = []; for (var i = 0; i < 100; i++) { products.push({ name: "Product " + (i + 1) }); } // Get the remote template $.get("ProductTemplate.htm", null, function (productTemplate) { // Compile and cache the template $.template("productTemplate", productTemplate); // Render the products renderProducts(0); }); $("#more").click(function () { pageIndex++; renderProducts(); }); function renderProducts() { // Get page of products var pageOfProducts = products.slice(pageIndex * 5, pageIndex * 5 + 5); // Used cached productTemplate to render products $.tmpl("productTemplate", pageOfProducts).appendTo("#productContainer"); } function formatPrice(price) { return "$" + price.toFixed(2); } </script> </body> </html>   The ProductTemplate is retrieved from an external file named ProductTemplate.htm. This template is retrieved only once. Furthermore, it is compiled and cached with the help of the $.template() method: // Get the remote template $.get("ProductTemplate.htm", null, function (productTemplate) { // Compile and cache the template $.template("productTemplate", productTemplate); // Render the products renderProducts(0); });   The $.template() method compiles the HTML representation of the template into a JavaScript function and caches the template function with the name productTemplate. The cached template can be used by calling the $.tmp() method. The productTemplate is used in the renderProducts() method: function renderProducts() { // Get page of products var pageOfProducts = products.slice(pageIndex * 5, pageIndex * 5 + 5); // Used cached productTemplate to render products $.tmpl("productTemplate", pageOfProducts).appendTo("#productContainer"); } In the code above, the first parameter passed to the $.tmpl() method is the name of a cached template. Working with Template Items In this final section, I want to devote some space to discussing Template Items. A new Template Item is created for each rendered instance of a template. For example, if you are displaying a list of 100 products with a template, then 100 Template Items are created. A Template Item has the following properties and methods: data – The data associated with the Template Instance. For example, a product. tmpl – The template associated with the Template Instance. parent – The parent template item if the template is nested. nodes – The HTML content of the template. calls – Used by {{wrap}} template tag. nest – Used by {{tmpl}} template tag. wrap – Used to imperatively enable wrapped templates. html – Used to filter content from a wrapped template. See the above section on wrapped templates. update – Used to re-render a template item. The last method – the update() method -- is especially interesting because it enables you to re-render a template item with new data or even a new template. For example, the following page displays a list of books. When you hover your mouse over any of the books, additional book details are displayed. In the following screenshot, details for ASP.NET Kick Start are displayed. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Template Item</title> <link href="0_Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <div id="pageContent"> <h1>ASP.NET Bookstore</h1> <div id="bookContainer"></div> </div> <script id="bookTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <div class="bookItem"> <img src="BookPictures/${picture}" alt="" /> <h2>${title}</h2> price: ${formatPrice(price)} </div> </script> <script id="bookDetailsTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <div class="bookItem"> <img src="BookPictures/${picture}" alt="" /> <h2>${title}</h2> price: ${formatPrice(price)} <p> ${description} </p> </div> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Create an array of books var books = [ { title: "ASP.NET 4 Unleashed", price: 37.79, picture: "AspNet4Unleashed.jpg", description: "The most comprehensive book on Microsoft’s new ASP.NET 4.. " }, { title: "ASP.NET MVC Unleashed", price: 44.99, picture: "AspNetMvcUnleashed.jpg", description: "Writing for professional programmers, Walther explains the crucial concepts that make the Model-View-Controller (MVC) development paradigm work…" }, { title: "ASP.NET Kick Start", price: 4.00, picture: "AspNetKickStart.jpg", description: "Visual Studio .NET is the premier development environment for creating .NET applications…." }, { title: "ASP.NET MVC Unleashed iPhone", price: 44.99, picture: "AspNetMvcUnleashedIPhone.jpg", description: "ASP.NET MVC Unleashed for the iPhone…" }, ]; // Render the books using the template $("#bookTemplate").tmpl(books).appendTo("#bookContainer"); // Get compiled details template var bookDetailsTemplate = $("#bookDetailsTemplate").template(); // Add hover handler $(".bookItem").mouseenter(function () { // Get template item associated with DIV var templateItem = $(this).tmplItem(); // Change template to compiled template templateItem.tmpl = bookDetailsTemplate; // Re-render template templateItem.update(); }); function formatPrice(price) { return "$" + price.toFixed(2); } </script> </body> </html>   There are two templates used to display a book: bookTemplate and bookDetailsTemplate. When you hover your mouse over a template item, the standard bookTemplate is swapped out for the bookDetailsTemplate. The bookDetailsTemplate displays a book description. The books are rendered with the bookTemplate with the following line of code: // Render the books using the template $("#bookTemplate").tmpl(books).appendTo("#bookContainer");   The following code is used to swap the bookTemplate and the bookDetailsTemplate to show details for a book: // Get compiled details template var bookDetailsTemplate = $("#bookDetailsTemplate").template(); // Add hover handler $(".bookItem").mouseenter(function () { // Get template item associated with DIV var templateItem = $(this).tmplItem(); // Change template to compiled template templateItem.tmpl = bookDetailsTemplate; // Re-render template templateItem.update(); });   When you hover your mouse over a DIV element rendered by the bookTemplate, the mouseenter handler executes. First, this handler retrieves the Template Item associated with the DIV element by calling the tmplItem() method. The tmplItem() method returns a Template Item. Next, a new template is assigned to the Template Item. Notice that a compiled version of the bookDetailsTemplate is assigned to the Template Item’s tmpl property. The template is compiled earlier in the code by calling the template() method. Finally, the Template Item update() method is called to re-render the Template Item with the bookDetailsTemplate instead of the original bookTemplate. Summary This is a long blog entry and I still have not managed to cover all of the features of jQuery Templates J However, I’ve tried to cover the most important features of jQuery Templates such as template composition, template wrapping, and template items. To learn more about jQuery Templates, I recommend that you look at the documentation for jQuery Templates at the official jQuery website. Another great way to learn more about jQuery Templates is to look at the (unminified) source code.

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