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• Why bother to limit the types imported from a python package?

  - by Fast Fish

  When using many IDEs that support autocompletion with Python, things like this will show warnings, which I find annoying: from eventlet.green.httplib import BadStatusLine When switching to: rom eventlet.green.httplib * The warnings go away. What's the benefit to limiting imports to a specific set of types you'll use? Is the parsing faster? Reduces collisions? What other point is there? It seems the state of python IDEs and the nature of the typing system makes it hard for many IDEs to fully get right when a type import works and when it doesn't.

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• Assigning a variable of a struct that contains an instance of a class to another variable

  - by xport

  In my understanding, assigning a variable of a struct to another variable of the same type will make a copy. But this rule seems broken as shown on the following figure. Could you explain why this happened? using System; namespace ReferenceInValue { class Inner { public int data; public Inner(int data) { this.data = data; } } struct Outer { public Inner inner; public Outer(int data) { this.inner = new Inner(data); } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Outer p1 = new Outer(1); Outer p2 = p1; Console.WriteLine("p1:{0}, p2:{1}", p1.inner.data, p2.inner.data); p1.inner.data = 2; Console.WriteLine("p1:{0}, p2:{1}", p1.inner.data, p2.inner.data); p2.inner.data = 3; Console.WriteLine("p1:{0}, p2:{1}", p1.inner.data, p2.inner.data); Console.ReadKey(); } } }

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• Possibility of language data type not mapped to shipped .NET Framework?

  - by John K

  Does anybody know of a managed programming language implemented on .NET that contains a specialized data type that is not mapped through to the Common Type System/FCL/BCL or one that does not have a shipped .NET equivalent (e.g. shipped standard types like System.String, System.Int32)? This question would likely come from the perspective of someone porting a compiler (although I'm not doing that). Is it as simple as the language creating a new data type outside the BCL/FCL for its specialized type? If so does this hinder interoperability between programming languages that are otherwise accustomed to mapping all their built-in data types to what's in the BCL/FCL, like Visual Basic and C#? I can imagine this situation might come about if an obscure language compiler of some kind is ported to .NET for which there is no direct mapping of one of its implicit data types to the shipped Framework. How is this situation supported or allowed in general? What would be the expectation of the compiler and the Common Language Runtime?

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• why do we have to send the const " type " reference instead of just the types name to the constructo

  - by hamza

  i m trying to make a simple program ( & yes , it is a homework ) that can generate Dates , & like most of normal people : i made my Class attributes private , i tried to send the same type that i m working on to the constructor but the complier have not accept it , i did some research & i found out that in cases like that people generously send a const "type" reference to the constructor witch meant to me that have not understand OOP well so why do we have to send the const " type " reference instead of just the types name to the constructor ? & please give me some links or websites for beginners PS : sorry for my English

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• How to maintain fixed size of C variable types over different machines?

  - by Alex

  I've all this kind of functions. ssize_t fuc1(int var1, void *buf, size_t count); int func2(char *charPtr, int mode, int dev); short func3( long var2); problem is that data types in C has different sizes when compiled on different machines(64bit & 32bit). This is true for even void*. For some reasons. I need to ensure that these sizes all are same on every machine(64bit & 32bit). So, how should I modify these ?

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• Ruby on Rails: How can I authenticate different user types from one place?

  - by sscirrus

  Hi everyone! This is my first post on Stack Overflow. I am trying to build a system that authenticates three types of user with completely different site experiences: Customers, Employers, and Vendors. I'm thinking of using a polymorphic 'User' table (using AuthLogic) with username, password, and user_type (+ AuthLogic's other required fields). If this is a good way to go, how do I set this up so after authenticating an user_id with a user_type the standard way, I can direct the user to the page that's right for them? Thanks.

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• Should GSON ignore varying types if they're not used in a class?

  - by loeschg

  I'm making an API call that returns JSON which has a particular field which either returns false or a map depending on content. It's a field that I don't care about. I expected GSON to ignore this particular field, though it doesn't seem to be. The object generation fails with the following message: com.google.gson.JsonSyntaxException: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Expected a string but was BEGIN_OBJECT at line 1 column 403560 I've seen this particular question (Gson deserialize json with varying value types). I want to make sure I need to make a custom deserializer before doing so. I'm wondering if I may have another issue. edit: Example: "anonymous_flag": { } vs "anonymous_flag": "yes" Another Edit: I actually had the field in my model object... I was referencing the wrong class. Judge away :)

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• SvcUtil and /dconly generates XSD's for data types NOT marked with the DataContract attribute.

  - by Bellerephon

  Has anyone ever encountered a problem with Svcutil and the /dconly option where it generates metadata for EVERY data type in an Assembly, even if it is NOT marked with with the [DataContract()] attribute? It also appears to be generating metadata for types only referenced in the code, such as XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas even though these are not a part of the physical assembly that I generated metadata on. Some info: Using the .NET 4.0 version of SvcUtil. Does not matter if class is empty or not. No references are specified in the command line for SvcUtil. Command line: "C:\In Progress Work (Prospective)\Prospective Server\Prospective Server\Management\Prospective.Server.Server.NET40.Debug.AnyCPU.dll" /nologo /t:metadata /d:"C:\In Progress Work (Prospective)\Prospective Server\Prospective Server\Management" /dconly

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• How do I write raw binary data in Python?

  - by Chris B.

  I've got a Python program that stores and writes data to a file. The data is raw binary data, stored internally as str. I'm writing it out through a utf-8 codec. However, I get UnicodeDecodeError: 'charmap' codec can't decode byte 0x8d in position 25: character maps to <undefined> in the cp1252.py file. This looks to me like Python is trying to interpret the data using the default code page. But it doesn't have a default code page. That's why I'm using str, not unicode. I guess my questions are: How do I represent raw binary data in memory, in Python? When I'm writing raw binary data out through a codec, how do I encode/unencode it?

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• C++: How to use types that have not been defined?

  - by Jen

  C++ requires all types to be defined before they can be used, which makes it important to include header files in the right order. Fine. But what about my situation: Bunny.h: class Bunny { ... private: Reference<Bunny> parent; } The compiler complains, because technically Bunny has not been completely defined at the point where I use it in its own class definition. This is not sufficient: class Bunny; class Bunny { ... private: Reference<Bunny> parent; } Apart from re-writing my template class Reference so it takes a pointer type (in which case I can use the forward declaration of Bunny), I don't know how to solve this. Any suggestions?

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• What are the repercussions of not checking existing data when adding a foreign key?

  - by scottm

  I've inherited a database that doesn't exactly strive for data integrity. I am trying to add some foreign keys to change that, but there is data in some tables that doesn't fit the constraints. Most likely, the data won't be used again so I want to know what problems I might face by leaving it there. The other option I see is to move it into some kind of table without referential constraints, just for historical purposes. So, what are the repercussions of not checking existing data? If I create a foreign key constraint on a table and don't check existing data, will all new data inserted into the table be enforced?

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• Want to save data field from form into two columns of two models.

  - by vette982

  I have a Profile model with a hasOne relationship to a Detail model. I have a registration form that saves data into both model's tables, but I want the username field from the profile model to be copied over to the usernamefield in the details model so that each has the same username. function new_account() { if(!empty($this->data)) { $this->Profile->modified = date("Y-m-d H:i:s"); if($this->Profile->save($this->data)) { $this->data['Detail']['profile_id'] = $this->Profile->id; $this->data['Detail']['username'] = $this->Profile->username; $this->Profile->Detail->save($this->data); $this->Session->setFlash('Your registration was successful.'); $this->redirect(array('action'=>'index')); } } } This code in my Profile controller gives me the error: Undefined property: Profile::$username Any ideas?

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• Would it be useful to change java to support both static and dynamic types?

  - by James A. N. Stauffer

  What if a Java allow both static and dynamic types. That might allow the best of both worlds. i.e.: String str = "Hello"; var temp = str; temp = 10; temp = temp * 5; Would that be possible? Would that be beneficial? Do any languages currently support both and how well does it work out? Here is a better example (generics can't be used but the program does know the type): var username = HttpServletRequest.getSession().getAttribute("username");//Returns a String if(username.length() == 0) { //Error }

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• Why are Java primitive types' modifiers `public`, `abstract`, & `final`?

  - by oconnor0

  In the process of doing some reflection on Java types, I came across an oddity that I do not understand. Inspecting int for its modifiers returns public, abstract, and final. I understand public and final, but the presence of abstract on a primitive type is non-obvious to me. Why is this the case? Edit: I am not reflecting on Integer but on int: import java.lang.reflect.Modifier; public class IntegerReflection { public static void main(final String[] args) { System.out.println(String.format("int.class == Integer.class -> %b", int.class == Integer.class)); System.out.println(String.format("int.class modifiers: %s", Modifier.toString(int.class.getModifiers()))); System.out.println(String.format("Integer.class modifiers: %s", Modifier.toString(Integer.class.getModifiers()))); } } The output when run: int.class == Integer.class -> false int.class modifiers: public abstract final Integer.class modifiers: public final

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• How can I check the type of an object against a list of types?

  - by RookieRick

  Given a collection IEnumerable<Type> supportedTypes What's the best way to check whether a given object is one of those types (or a derived type)? My first instinct was to do something like: // object target is a parameter passed to the method in which I'm doing this. if (supportedTypes.Count( supportedType => target is supportedType ) > 0) { // Yay my object is of a supported type!!! } ..but that doesn't seem to be working. Can I not use the "is" keyword in a lambda expression like this?

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• Which file types are worth compressing (zipping) for remote storage? For which of them the compresse

  - by user193655

  I am storing documents in sql server in varbinary(max) fileds, I use filestream optionally when a user has: (DB_Size + Docs_Size) ~> 0.8 * ExpressEdition_Max_DB_Size I am currently zipping all the files, anyway this is done because the Document Read/Write work was developed 10 years ago where Storage was more expensive than now. Many files when zipped are almost as big as the original (a zipped pdf is about 95% of original size). And anyway unzipping has some overhead, that becomes twice when I need also to "Check-in"/Update the file because I need to zip it. So I was thinking of giving to the users the option to choose whether the file type will be zipped or not by providing some meaningful default values. For my experience I would impose the following rules: 1) zip by default: txt, bmp, rtf 2) do not zip by default: jpg, jpeg, Microsoft Office files, Open Office files, png, tif, tiff Could you suggest other file types chosen among the most common or comment on the ones I listed here?

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• Why are types found on an imported namepace but not on a fully qualified namespace after retargeting the framework?

  - by Paul Ferguson

  We've just re-targeted a VB.NET project from .Net 2.0 to 3.5. Various framework types are now missing from our project. Wherever the type is referenced using a fully qualified namespace it's missing. If the relevant namespace is imported for the type; it's found. For example, this doesn't find the type Object, with compiler error "System.Object is not defined.": Public Class Foo Inherits System.Object End Class However, this works ok: Imports System Public Class Foo Inherits [Object] End Class I've already tried re-opening the solution with no success.

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• How the existing data to be if entity structure modified or deleted on GAE?

  - by Eonil

  GAE recommends using JDO/JPA. But I have serious question about using OODB like them. JDO based on user's class structure. And data structure should be modified continually as service advances. So, If data(entity) class property being removed, what happened to existing data on the property? If data(entity) class renamed for refactoring reason, how the JDO know those renaming? Or all data loss? Major point is "How JDO/GAE/BigTable applies modification of class into existing entity structure and data?".

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• best way to store php data on a page for use with javascript/jquery?

  - by Haroldo

  Ok, so im trying to work out the fastest way of storing data on my page without slowing the page load: I need to store information in the page to be later used by jquery. My page is an events page and i want to attach data to each event anchor. there are 100+ events to attach data to. The events anchors are created with a php loop, so i could create the data elements within this loop using either use un-semantic tags ie *rel="some_data"* create a jquery.data() for each iteration of the loop or i could run the loop again, separately, this time inside script tags with jquery.data(); would really appreciate any thoughts on this!

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• Offsite data storage for simple app, or a similar supported persistence mechanism?

  - by jdk

  Question Is there a usable facebook entry point to the Data Storage API that facebook lists on their app admin page for developers, or should I consider an alternate mechanism? What alternative mechanisms exist to simply persist my information offsite (away from my server app) without stuffing it into a cookie that's prone to expire? ... Background The facebook Data Store Admin tool is made available in a facebook App's Settings as seen here: (continue reading below) However when I visit the DataStoreAdmin link nothing works (i.e. clicking the buttons to define the data store types and objects does nothing - I have tried different browsers). The Wiki page for Data Store API hasn't been updated recently and the second last update says the beta Data Store was taken offline. It seems odd the link would be readily available and highly visible at the top of the App configuration area if indeed it's defunct. I was hoping some kind of key/value pair solution to remove the data calls from my own server.

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• Java: Is it possible to have a generic class that only takes types that can be compared?

  - by mr popo

  I wanted to do something along the lines of: public class MyClass<T implements Comparable> { .... } But I can't, since, apparently, generics only accept restrictions with subclasses, and not interfaces. It's important that I'm able to compare the types inside the class, so how should I go about doing this? Ideally I'd be able to keep the type safety of Generics and not have to convert the T's to Object as well, or just not write a lot of code overall. In other words, the simplest the better.

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• How to convert searchTwitter results (from library(twitteR)) into a data.frame?

  - by analyticsPierce

  I am working on saving twitter search results into a database (SQL Server) and am getting an error when I pull the search results from twitteR. If I execute: library(twitteR) puppy <- as.data.frame(searchTwitter("puppy", session=getCurlHandle(),num=100)) I get an error of: Error in as.data.frame.default(x[[i]], optional = TRUE) : cannot coerce class structure("status", package = "twitteR") into a data.frame This is important because in order to use RODBC to add this to a table using sqlSave it needs to be a data.frame. At least that's the error message I got: Error in sqlSave(localSQLServer, puppy, tablename = "puppy_staging", : should be a data frame So does anyone have any suggestions on how to coerce the list to a data.frame or how I can load the list through RODBC?

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• What's the most simple way to retrieve all data from a table and save it back in .NET 3.5?

  - by zoman

  I have a number of tables containing some basic (business related) mapping data. What's the most simple way to load the data from those tables, then save the modified values back. (all data should be replaced in the tables) An ORM is out of question as I would like to avoid creating domain objects for each table. The actual editing of the data is not an issue. (it is exported into Excel where the data is edited, then the file is uploaded with the modified data) The technology is .NET 3.5 (ASP.NET MVC) and SQL Server 2005. Thanks.

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• EntityFramework 4.0: can you return different types depending on data in the database?

  - by user200341

  I have a Media table in the database. I also have an IMedia interface. I have two different media types that implements the same interface: 1) AudioMedia 2) PictureMedia What I wonder here, is if I can use EntityFramework (I'm using an EDMX file but I have my models in a separate library, with automatic code generation turned off), and depending on the data in the database, select what type to get (AutioMedia or PictureMedia). Since they are both implementing the same interface (could be changed to an abstract class if needed I suppose), I'm thinking that somewhere along the way you could specify what class it should be. I should perhaps point out that I have a class that inherits from ObjectContext to access the objects. Perhaps there is something that that can be done?

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• How does make_pair know the types of its args?

  - by bobobobo

  The definition for make_pair in the MSVC++ "utility" header is: template<class _Ty1, class _Ty2> inline pair<_Ty1, _Ty2> make_pair(_Ty1 _Val1, _Ty2 _Val2) { // return pair composed from arguments return (pair<_Ty1, _Ty2>(_Val1, _Val2)); } I use make_pair all the time though without putting the argument types in angle brackets: map<string,int> theMap ; theMap.insert( make_pair( "string", 5 ) ) ; Shouldn't I have to tell make_pair that the first argument is std::string and not char* ? How does it know?

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