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• ssh freezes when trying to connect to some hosts

  - by NS Gopikrishnan

  When I try to ssh to particular machine/s in a list, The SSH command happens to be freezing. I tried out setting ssh timeout. But then also it's freezes even after the timeout. In verbose mode : OpenSSH_3.9p1, OpenSSL 0.9.7a Feb 19 2003 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to x358.x.server.com [10.x.x.x] port 22. debug1: fd 3 clearing O_NONBLOCK debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /export/home/sqlrpt/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /export/home/sqlrpt/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /export/home/sqlrpt/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 At this point it freezes. A work around I thought was to create a child process for each ssh calls and if the process doesn't respond after a timeout - Kill it. But are there any less complex ways, so that I can accommodate it in a shell script itself rather than going for a C/C++ program ?

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• Config deployment on multiple servers.

  - by user66601

  I have multiple servers in WEB cluster (identical configuration for all of them, despite the IP) How do you deploy changes in configs on multile servers? I make the new config, then create config per every server (placing correct IP), and next: upload them on every server, replacing old ones (rsync over ssh) set on every server a job which reloads webserver at the same time (servers use ntp). - this done by issuing commands by script (to save time for logging in) before adding a job for server reload - there's checksum test of the config on the server) - an a notification in case of fail How do you see such method? What should be the "professional way :) ? (I don't say my way doesn't work... it works and saves my time not used for logging on every webserver.) Regards,

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• Waiting for a daemontools service to stop

  - by also

  I'm running a service under daemontools that take several seconds to stop when sent the TERM signal. I need to stop it in a script, and then wait for the process to stop before continuing to take a LVM snapshot or restarting the service. Does daemontools provide a way to do this? If not, what's the best way? I was thinking of sleeping while svcok exits with 0, but it seems like this should be a common problem with an easier solution. Thoughts?

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• LVS / IPVS difference in ActiveConn since upgrading

  - by Hans

  I've recently migrated from an old version of LVS / ldirectord (Ultra Monkey) to a new Debian install with ldirectord. Now the amount of Active Connections is usually higher than the amount of Inactive Connections, it used to be the other way around. Basically on the old load balancer the connections looked something like: -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn -> 10.84.32.21:0 Masq 1 12 252 -> 10.84.32.22:0 Masq 1 18 368 However since migrating it to the new load balancer it looks more like: -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn -> 10.84.32.21:0 Masq 1 313 141 -> 10.84.32.22:0 Masq 1 276 183 Old load balancer: Debian 3.1 ipvsadm 1.24 ldirectord 1.2.3 New load balancer: Debian 6.0.5 ipvsadm 1.25 ldirectord 1.0.3 (I guess the versioning system changed) Is it because the old load balancer was running a kernel from 2005, and ldirectord from 2004, and things have simply changed in the past 7 - 8 years? Did I miss some sysctl settings that I should be enforcing for it to behave in the same way? Everything appears to be working fine but can anyone see an issue with this behaviour? Thanks in advance! Additional info: I'm using LVS in masquerading mode, the real servers have the load balancer as their gateway. The real servers are running Apache, which hasn't changed during the upgrade. The boxes themselves show roughly the same amount of Inactive Connections shown in ipvsadm.

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• what is the meaning of *this* crontab setting?

  - by aXqd

  * */1 * * * sh foo.sh I found this setting on one production machine. And foo.sh was executed every one minute. I am guessing that the original author of this setting wants it to be executed every one hour. And I cannot find the official meaning of this setting in the crontab man page. Hence please help. UPDATE: I extracted these logs from that machine, however I cannot find the law out of them. 2013-06-29 20:47:01 2013-06-29 20:50:02 2013-06-29 20:51:01 2013-06-29 20:53:01 2013-06-29 20:54:01 2013-06-29 20:57:01 2013-06-29 20:58:01 2013-06-29 21:00:01 2013-06-29 21:05:02 2013-06-29 21:10:02

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• rsync without password, none of google (server fault) tutorials worked

  - by Jake Armstrong

  I need to use rsync for a daily backup operation and in the past (on different servers) I managed to just use a rsa key etc, but now none of google (serverfault) tutorials work at all. It keeps asking me for a password. I have webmin and ssh/root access to both servers. My steps: create a key on server 1 send key.pub to server 2 add key.pub to .ssh/authorized_keys chmod 700 .ssh/authorized_keys go back to server 1 and try rsync and it keep asking for password... rsync command: rsync -avz -e ssh file.txt root@server2:/root EDIT: well, I cleaned up everything and this time, instead of inserting a custom name to the key I used the standard one on server1. sent the .pub to server2 and it worked as a charm... So the answer is that server1's ssh wasn't even using the right key...

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• File/folder Write/Delete wise, is my server secure?

  - by acidzombie24

  I wanted to know if someone got access to my server by using a nonroot account, how much damage can he do? After i su someuser I used this command to find all files and folders that are writeable. find / -writable >> list.txt Here is the result. Its most /dev/something and /proc/something and these /var/lock /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock /var/tmp /var/lib/php5 Is my system secure? /var/tmp makes sense but i am unsure why this user has write access to those folders. Should i change them? stat /var/lib/php5 gives me 1733 which is odd. Why write access? why no read? is this some kind of weird use of a temp file?

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• Full Apache config migration

  - by Victor Rashkov

  I searched alot and didn't find an applicable answer. I have a working LAMP setup on Ubuntu machine and I have to migrate to a new server in a different country. The old server is 11.10, the new server is 12.04LTS. My problem is that I simply can not remember the steps I followed when I configured the current server which is not the basic LAMP install. It is Apache with FastCGI, SuEXEC, a GD library, worker MPM and all sitting on top of a mhddfs system. There are also other configs I've changed and I can not recall what they are. Because of the complexity of the setup, my attempts to migrate to the new server fail. I get permissions errors, cgi problems etc. Therefore my question is : Is there a sane way to simply tar a full backup of the current web server installation, including MySQL, Php amd the apache server with all configs, and then move it to the new machine? I shall be forever thankful on any advise. So far non of thise I found here gave me an answer. Thanks!

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• Which ports for IPSEC/LT2P?

  - by Matt

  I have a firewall/router (not doing NAT). I've googled and seen conflicting answers. It seems UDP 500 is the common one. But the others are confusing. 1701, 4500. And some say I need to also allow gre 50, or 47, or 50 & 51. Ok, which ports are the correct ones for IPSec/L2TP to work in a routed environment without NAT? i.e. I want to use the built in windows client to connect to a VPN behind this router/firewall.

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• iptables rule on INPUT between 2 ethernet cards on the same host

  - by user1495181

  I have 2 eth cards on the same host. Both connected directly with LAN cable. I set eth0 with ip - 192.168.1.2 I set eth1 with ip - 192.168.1.1 I set this rule: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -j NFQUEUE --queue-num 0 There are no other rules. (I ran iptables -X,-F) I send TCP syn packet ( with c++ program by using raw socket) from 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.1 In wireshark i see that the packet received on eth0, but the iptables rule (above) dosnt apply for this packet. when i sent the packet to remote host and apply this rule on the remote host than it work correct. So, i guess that this is due to the fact that both eth cards exists the same host. . I need to create iptables INPUT rule for local eth card (dest and src on the same machine ). I need it for simplify test. Did i guess the problem correct? is there a way to bypass this? Ps - connected them via switch didn't help. the rule wasn't applied. Run on Ubuntu. TCDUMP show the packet: 10:48:42.365002 IP 192.168.1.2.38550 > 192.168.1.1.34298: Flags [S], seq 0, win 5840, length 0 but logging of iptables like this, has nothing: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -j LOG --log-prefix '*****************' iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -j LOG --log-prefix '#################'

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• SSMTP to forward root@localhost mail

  - by Redconnection

  I would like to forward mail that gets sent root@localhost on multiple servers to our company admin account (e-mail is hosted on gmail) I have installed ssmtp on centos 5.5 via yum and configured it. i've also changed the last line in /etc/aliases to reflect where mail to root should go to. I've then tried sending mail to root - this gets delivered without a problem (mail -v root) I've also tried sending mail to root@localhost - this is not delivered to the specified gmail account.

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• mpstat on slackware 13.0 shows no utilization

  - by conartist6

  As the title says, the mpstat command, executed on Slack 13.0 continuously shows almost no processor utilization of any sort. In fact none of the output ever seems to change at all. The system is dual processor board with two hyperthreaded P4 Xeons. Any ideas? 08:50:06 PM CPU %user %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %idle intr/s 08:50:06 PM all 0.38 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.56 1510.46 08:50:06 PM 0 0.50 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.00 99.33 11.90 08:50:06 PM 1 0.32 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.64 0.00 08:50:06 PM 2 0.38 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.58 0.00 08:50:06 PM 3 0.29 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.68 0.00 This is, literally, the only output I can get from the program. No values change ever.

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• Formatting pwd/ls for use with scp

  - by eumiro

  I have two terminal windows with bash. One is local on the client computer, another one has an SSH-session on the server. On the server, I am in a directory and seeing a file I would like to copy to my client using scp from the client. On the server I see: user@server:/path$ ls filename filename I can now type scp in the client shell, select and copy the user@server:/path from the server shell and paste to the client shell, then type slash and copy and paste the filename and append a dot to get: user@client:~$ scp user@server:/path/filename . to scp a file from the server to the client. Now I am searching for a command on the server, that would work like this: user@server:/path$ special_ls filename user@server:/path/filename which would give me the complete scp-ready string to copy&paste to the client shell. Something in the form echo $USER@$HOSTNAME:${pwd}/$filename working with relative/absolute paths. Is there any such command/switch combination or do I have to hack it myself? Thank you very much.

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• create symlink to another machine

  - by microchasm

  Hi, I have 2 machines. Both running CentOS. Box1 is webserver with apache, php. Box2 is mysql, and file storage. The files will only be accessible from Box1 within the webapp. I'd like to somehow create a symlink or somesuch on box1 to a folder on box2 where uploaded files can be stored and retrieved. Security in mind, what would be the best way to go about linking these 2 boxes up in a transparent (to apache) way? NB: the boxes are connected directly to each other via a crossover cable; no lan access to box2. Much thanks!

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• Limited bandwidth and transfer rates per user.

  - by Cx03

  I searched for a while but couldn't find anything concrete, hopefully someone can help me. I'm going to be running a Debian server on a gigabit port, and want to give each user his/her fair share of internet access. The first objective is easy - transfer rates (speed) per user. From what I've looked at, IPTables/Shorewall could do the job easy. Is this easy to setup, or could one of you point me at a config? I was hoping to limit users at 300mbit or 650mbit each. The second objective gets complicated. Due to the usage of the boxes, most of the traffic will be internal network traffic that does NOT get counted to the quota. However, I still need to limit the external traffic, and if they go over, cut off access (or throttle traffic to a very low speed (10mbit?)). Let's say the user has a 3TB external traffic limit. The IF part is: If the hostname they are exchanging the traffic with DOES NOT MATCH .ovh. or .kimsufi. (company owns multiple TLDs), count to the quota. Once said quota exceeds 3TB, choke them. Where could I find a system to count that for me? It would also need to reset or be able to be manually reset on a monthly basis. Thanks ahead of time!

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• Mint 13 does nothing when laptop lid is closed

  - by ewok

  I have a laptop running Mint 13. I have it hooked up to a 30" monitor and have no use for the laptop being open, so I put it on a shelf and close it. When I do that, the monitor goes blank. The power manager does not have an option for doing nothing when the lid is closed. The options are "Blank Screen", "Suspend", and "Shutdown". Is there a way to make the laptop not go to a blank screen when the lid is closed?

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• Creating ip alias on bonded interface ie. bond0:1

  - by bobothechimp

  System: HP Proliant DL360 G5 running CentOS 5.4 Bonded interface is working fine for a long time. I just went to add an alias the way I always have on a regular interface, and on first check it works (pinging on the local box) but it is not accessable from outside (iptables is turned off). In addition with this setup the normal network response started to decline, hanging for around a minute before I could get a prompt on login. Here are my config files: [root network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes USERCTL=no [root network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth1 DEVICE=eth1 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes USERCTL=no [root network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-bond0 DEVICE=bond0 BONDING_OPTS="mode=1 miimon=100" BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes NETWORK=10.2.1.0 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 IPADDR=10.2.1.11 USERCTL=no [root network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-bond0:1 DEVICE=bond0:1 BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes NETWORK=10.2.1.0 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 IPADDR=10.2.1.12 USERCTL=no any thoughts?

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• In Ubuntu I make changes to php.ini but nothing happens

  - by MrAn3

  Hi, Apache with php works well, but none of the changes I make in php.ini have effect, I've even delete all the contents of the file, then restart Apache, and run phpinfo() and surprisingly everything continues working well. The file I'm editing is the one that appears in the phpinfo() like "Loaded Configuration File". (/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini) P.S. I'm running Ubuntu 9.04 and PHP 5.2 Thanks in advance. More Details: I'm restarting with sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart, I've also tried sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop, and then start, at restarting I get: Restarting web server apache2 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName ... waiting apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName [ OK ] "which php" did not produce any results. My installation of PHP was done using Synaptic Package Manger, choosing "Mark Packages by task" and then LAMP server. I don't have any clue of what to do...

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• Explanation of command to uppercase the first letter of a file

  - by hazielquake

  Hi I'm trying to learn to rename files with the command line, and after browsing around a lot of pages I finally found a command that uppercases the first letter of a file, but the problem is that I want to understand the meaning of each command. The command is: for i in *; do new=echo "$i" | sed -e 's/^./\U&/'; mv "$i" "$new";done I understand the 'for' kinda... but not the 'echo' or '`' and especially the sed command. if someone has a little patience to explain the meaning of each thing that'd be awesome! Thanks!

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• In a php script making /coderoot refer to /var/webroot/coderoot?

  - by Josh

  We are migrating a server and have modified the architecture slightly so that instead of /var/coderoot we now have /var/webroot/coderoot - I realize I could do a scripted find and replace, but I would rather have full unmodified reverse compatibility, or if that's unreasonable lets just say for theories sake. I tried using a symmlink ln -s /var/coderoot /var/webroot/coderoot but attempting to include a file in the code root using /var/coderoot/file does not work. I also tried using mod_alias with ScriptAlias and Alias. Neither worked. Is there anyway to do this?

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• Input traffic shaping

  - by whitequark

  I know that I can shape output traffic with tc or a similar tool. However, I want to shape the input traffic now—actually, I want to prioritize downloading of files of certain type through a slow lossy connection. I know the reason tc can only shape output traffic: the host itself has no direct control over the amount of input traffic. On the other hand, TCP has some measures built in it which prevent the TCP traffic from overflowing a slow connection. So, can I mangle something in TCP header so that the remote host will think my connection is slower than it thinks? Suppose that I am able to set the corresponding mark on both types of connections with iptables. Is there any way to reduce the input bandwidth of connections of first type, but only if connections of second type are present?

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• Cloning to a smaller hard drive with DDRescue

  - by krebshack

  I am currently working with a 700 GB Seagate hard drive that's beginning to fail. I'll call this "SDB" from now on. I'd like to clone it while I'm still able to. However, the only hard drive that I have available is a 500 GB WD hard drive. I'll call this "SDC" from now on. The partition scheme on SDB is as follows: 9.77 GB is allocated to a recovery partition and the remaining 688.87 GB is allocated to a Windows partition. Both are formatted using NTFS. There is no partition scheme on SDC. I know how to clone one hard drive to another using DDRescue but I've only done it using hard drives that are the same size. For your reference, I'll normally use the command "ddrescue -v -r 3 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc example.log". I'd like to know if it's possible to do this with DDRescue. I've read the manual from GNU (http://www.gnu.org/software/ddrescue/manual/ddrescue_manual.html) and I haven't seen anything indicating that it is possible. I'm just looking for some confirmation that this is a correct impression. If it's not possible, then it would be helpful if any of y'all would be able to make some work around suggestions. But please don't feel obligated to do that. I don't want to have my one thread bogged down with two many questions.

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• How to Remove the Last 2 Lines of a Very Large File

  - by Russ

  I have a very large file ~400G, and I need to remove the last 2 lines from it. I tried to use sed, but it ran for hours before I gave up. Is there a quick way of doing this, or am I stuck with sed?

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• vim: remove previous code indentation and convert to another

  - by ramgorur

  I have a c project with multiple files (more than 100), the codes are written in Whitesmiths style, but I want to change them into K&R style indentation. Is it possible to do using vim in an automated way ? For example I have a emacs-lisp script to achieve this -- (progn (find-file "{}") (mark-whole-buffer) (setq indent-tabs-mode nil) (untabify (point-min) (point-max)) (indent-region (point-min) (point-max) nil) (save-buffer)) I was wondering if there is a similar trick that could be done with vim.

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• should i install LVM in ubuntu server?

  - by ajsie

  should i install LVM in ubuntu server? i have only one primary partition. what happens if i dont install it?

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