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  • Rendering another screen on top of main game screen in fullscreen mode

    - by wolf
    my game runs in fullscreen mode and uses active rendering. The graphics are drawn on the fullscreen window in each game loop: public void render() { Window w = screen.getFullScreenWindow(); Graphics2D g = screen.getGraphics(); renderer.render(g, level, w.getWidth(), w.getHeight()); g.dispose(); screen.update(); } This is the screen.update() method: public void update(){ Window w = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if(w != null){ BufferStrategy s = w.getBufferStrategy(); if(!s.contentsLost()){ s.show(); } } } I want to display another screen on my main game screen (menu, inventory etc). Lets say I have a JPanel inventory, which has a grid of inventory cells (manually drawn) and some Swing components like JPopupMenu. So i tried adding that to my window and repainting it in the game loop, which worked okay most of the time... but sometimes the panel wouldn't get displayed. Blindly moving things around in the inventory worked, but it just didn't display. When i alt-tabbed out and back again, it displayed properly. I also tried drawing the rest of the inventory on my full screen window and using a JPanel to display only the buttons and popupmenus. The inventory displayed properly, but the Swing components keep flickering. I'm guessing this is because I don't know how to combine active and passive rendering. public void render() { Graphics2D g = screen.getGraphics(); invManager.render(g); g.dispose(); screen.update(); invPanel.repaint(); } Should i use something else instead of a JPanel? I don't really need active rendering for these screens, but I don't understand why they sometimes just don't display. Or maybe I should just make my own custom components instead of using Swing? I also read somewhere that using multiple panels/frames in a game is bad practice so should I draw everything on one window/frame/panel? If I CAN use JPanels for this, should I add and remove them every time the inventory is toggled? Or just change their visibility?

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  • Design pattern for animation sequence in LibGDX

    - by kevinyu
    What design pattern to use for sequence of animation that involve different actor in libGDX. For example I am making a game to choose a wolf from a group of sheeps. The first animation played when the game begin is the wolf enter the field that is filled with two sheeps.Then the wolf disguise as a sheep and goes to the center of the screen. Then the game will shuffle the sheeps. After it finished it will ask the player where is the wolf. The game wait for player input. After that the game will show animation to show the player whether their answer is right or wrong. I am currently using State design pattern. There are four states wolfEnterState,DisguiseState,ShuffleState,UserInputState, and answerAnimationState. I feel that my code is messy. I use addAction with action sequence and action completion(new Runnable()) a lot. I feel that the action sequence is getting long. Is there a better solution for this kind of problem

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  • force recompilation of war file including its Jar dependencies

    - by Mik378
    I have a project A (a webapp), depending on project B (B.jar) and this one depending on project C (C.jar). I would like to create a maven goal named "Rebuild War", that clean all compiled code for these 3 projects and rebuild the whole in order to obtain a fresh War file. I tried mvn clean package on project A, but I noticed that B and C are not recompiled. Indeed, B.jar and C.jar that are contained in local repository don't have a changing creation date. Is there an adapted maven command for this requirement ?

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  • Ways to ensure unique instances of a class?

    - by Peanut
    I'm looking for different ways to ensure that each instance of a given class is a uniquely identifiable instance. For example, I have a Name class with the field name. Once I have a Name object with name initialised to John Smith I don't want to be able to instantiate a different Name object also with the name as John Smith, or if instantiation does take place I want a reference to the orginal object to be passed back rather than a new object. I'm aware that one way of doing this is to have a static factory that holds a Map of all the current Name objects and the factory checks that an object with John Smith as the name doesn't already exist before passing back a reference to a Name object. Another way I could think of off the top of my head is having a static Map in the Name class and when the constructor is called throwing an exception if the value passed in for name is already in use in another object, however I'm aware throwing exceptions in a constructor is generally a bad idea. Are there other ways of achieving this?

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  • Game development: “Play Now” via website vs. download & install

    - by Inside
    Heyo, I've spent some time looking over the various threads here on gamedev and also on the regular stackoverflow and while I saw a lot of posts and threads regarding various engines that could be used in game development, I haven't seen very much discussion regarding the various platforms that they can be used on. In particular, I'm talking about browser games vs. desktop games. I want to develop a simple 3D networked multiplayer game - roughly on the graphics level of Paper Mario and gameplay with roughly the same level of interaction as a hack & slash action/adventure game - and I'm having a hard time deciding what platform I want to target with it. I have some experience with using C++/Ogre3D and Python/Panda3D (and also some synchronized/networked programming), but I'm wondering if it's worth it to spend the extra time to learn another language and another engine/toolkit just so that the game can be played in a browser window (I'm looking at jMonkeyEngine right now). For simple & short games the newgrounds approach (go to the site, click "play now", instant gratification) seems to work well. What about for more complex games? Is there a point where the complexity of a game is enough for people to say "ok, I'm going to download and play that"? Is it worth it to go with engines that are less-mature, have less documentation, have fewer features, and smaller communities* just so that a (possibly?) larger audience can be reached? Does it make sense to even go with a web-environment for the kind of game that I want to make? Does anyone have any experiences with decisions like this? Thanks! (* With the exception of flash-based engines it seems like most of the other approaches have these downsides when compared to what is available for desktop-based environments. I'd go with flash, but I'm worried that flash's 3D capabilities aren't mature enough right now to do what I want easily. There's also Unity3D, but I'm not sure how I feel about that at all. It seems highly polished, but requires a plugin to be downloaded for the game to be played -- at that rate I might as well have players download my game.)

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  • Andengine put bullet to pull, when it leaves screen

    - by Ashot
    i'm creating a bullet with physics body. Bullet class (extends Sprite class) has die() method, which unregister physics connector, hide sprite and put it in pull public void die() { Log.d("bulletDie", "See you in hell!"); if (this.isVisible()) { this.setVisible(false); mPhysicsWorld.unregisterPhysicsConnector(physicsConnector); physicsConnector.setUpdatePosition(false); body.setActive(false); this.setIgnoreUpdate(true); bulletsPool.recyclePoolItem(this); } } in onUpdate method of PhysicsConnector i executes die method, when sprite leaves screen physicsConnector = new PhysicsConnector(this,body,true,false) { @Override public void onUpdate(final float pSecondsElapsed) { super.onUpdate(pSecondsElapsed); if (!camera.isRectangularShapeVisible(_bullet)) { Log.d("bulletDie","Dead?"); _bullet.die(); } } }; it works as i expected, but _bullet.die() executes TWICE. what i`m doing wrong and is it right way to hide sprites? here is full code of Bullet class (it is inner class of class that represents player) private class Bullet extends Sprite implements PhysicsConstants { private final Body body; private final PhysicsConnector physicsConnector; private final Bullet _bullet; private int id; public Bullet(float x, float y, ITextureRegion texture, VertexBufferObjectManager vertexBufferObjectManager) { super(x,y,texture,vertexBufferObjectManager); _bullet = this; id = bulletId++; body = PhysicsFactory.createCircleBody(mPhysicsWorld, this, BodyDef.BodyType.DynamicBody, bulletFixture); physicsConnector = new PhysicsConnector(this,body,true,false) { @Override public void onUpdate(final float pSecondsElapsed) { super.onUpdate(pSecondsElapsed); if (!camera.isRectangularShapeVisible(_bullet)) { Log.d("bulletDie","Dead?"); Log.d("bulletDie",id+""); _bullet.die(); } } }; mPhysicsWorld.registerPhysicsConnector(physicsConnector); $this.getParent().attachChild(this); } public void reset() { final float angle = canon.getRotation(); final float x = (float) ((Math.cos(MathUtils.degToRad(angle))*radius) + centerX) / PIXEL_TO_METER_RATIO_DEFAULT; final float y = (float) ((Math.sin(MathUtils.degToRad(angle))*radius) + centerY) / PIXEL_TO_METER_RATIO_DEFAULT; this.setVisible(true); this.setIgnoreUpdate(false); body.setActive(true); mPhysicsWorld.registerPhysicsConnector(physicsConnector); body.setTransform(new Vector2(x,y),0); } public Body getBody() { return body; } public void setLinearVelocity(Vector2 velocity) { body.setLinearVelocity(velocity); } public void die() { Log.d("bulletDie", "See you in hell!"); if (this.isVisible()) { this.setVisible(false); mPhysicsWorld.unregisterPhysicsConnector(physicsConnector); physicsConnector.setUpdatePosition(false); body.setActive(false); this.setIgnoreUpdate(true); bulletsPool.recyclePoolItem(this); } } }

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  • Slick and Timers?

    - by user3491043
    I'm making a game where I need events to happen in a precise amount of time. Explanation : I want that event A happens at 12000ms, and event B happens every 10000ms. So "if"s should looks like this. //event A if(Ticks == 12000) //do things //even B if(Ticks % 10000 == 0) //do stuff But now how can I have this "Ticks" value ? I tried to declare an int and then increasing it in the update method, I tried 2 ways of increasing it : Ticks++; It doesn't works because the update method is not always called every microseconds. Ticks += delta; It's kinda good but the delta is not always equals to 1, so I can miss the precise values I need in the if statements So if you know how can I do events in a precise amount of time please tell me how can I do this

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  • ASP.NET hosting: better, faster, cheaper

    - by Fabrice Marguerie
    After seven years with webhost4life, it was time to move on. Especially because of all the troubles with webhost4life due to their internal migration to a new hosting environment (the company has been bought out).I've just moved all my websites elsewhere. I'm now using Arvixe and OrcsWeb.I use OrcsWeb for metaSapiens.com. OrcsWeb kindly offers me free ASP.NET hosting because I'm a Microsoft MVP. I'd like to publicly thank OrcsWeb for this, and I invite you to have a look at what they have to offer.I use Arvixe for all my other websites, the major ones being SharpToolbox.com, JavaToolbox.com, AxToolbox.com, Proagora.com, LinqInAction.net, ClairDeBulle.com, and madgeek.com.Moving all my websites wasn't a walk in the park, but it was well worth it. Let's consider what I get with Arvixe:Unlimited diskspaceUnlimited data transferUnlimited domainsDedicated application poolsUnlimited POP3 and IMAP mailboxesUnlimited SQL Server 2008 databasesUnlimited MySQL 5 databases.NET 1.1, 2, 3.5 and 4Full trustIIS 7Daily backups A powerful and easy to use control panelAnd more!All of this for $8 per month. If you don't need all of the above features, you can even get an offer as cheap as $5 per month.You can even get better rates if you use coupon codes, such as TOPHOST (30% discount) or MVCHOSTING (20% discount).All in all, I paid only $134 for two years for a great hosting service!Maybe it's time for you to move too?Disclaimer: the links to OrcsWeb and Arvixe are affiliate links that may bring me some money home if you sign up.

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  • [JOGL] My program is too slow, how can I profile with Eclipse?

    - by nkint
    My simple opengl program is really toooo slow and not fluid. I'm rendering 30 sphere with simple illumination and simple materials. The only complex computing stuff I do is a collision detection between ray-mouse and spheres (that works ok and i do it only in mouseMoved) I'm not using any threads, just an animator to move spheres. How can I profile my jogl project? Or maybe (most probable...) I have some opengl instructions that I don't understand and make render particular accurate (or back face rendering that I don't need or whatever I don't know exactly I'm just entering the opengl world)

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  • ParticleSystem in Slick2d (with MarteEngine)

    - by Bro Kevin D.
    First of all, sorry if this sounds very newbie-ish. I'm stuck at making a ParticleSystem I made using Pedigree to work in my game. It's basically an explosion that I want to display whenever an enemy dies. The ParticleSystem has two emitters, smoke and explosion I tried putting it in my Enemy (extends Entity) class Enemy extends Entity class @Override public void update(GameContainer gc, int delta) throws SlickException { super.update(gc, delta); /** bunch of codes */ explosionSystem.update(delta); } @Override public void render(GameContainer gc, Graphics gfx) throws SlickException { super.render(gc, gfx); if(isDestroyed) { explosionSystem.render(x,y); if(explosionSystem.getEmitter(1).completed()) { this.destroy(); } } } And it does not render. I'm not sure if this is the proper way of implementing it, as I've considered creating an Entity to serve as controller for all the Enemies. Right now, I'm just adding enemies every second. So how do I render the ParticleSystem when the enemy dies? If anyone can point me to the right direction. Thank you for your time.

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  • Warning: E-Business Suite Issues with Sun JRE 1.6.0_19

    - by Steven Chan
    Sadly, the issues reported in the following article also apply to JRE 1.6.0_19:Warning: E-Business Suite Issues with Sun JRE 1.6.0_18Once again, if you haven't already upgraded your end-users to JRE 1.6.0_18 or 1.6.0_19, we recommend that you to keep them on a prior JRE release such as 1.6.0_17 (6u17).We're working closely with the Sun JRE team to get this issue resolved as quickly as possible.  Please monitor this blog for updates.

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  • Naming methods that do the same thing but return different types

    - by Konstantin Ð.
    Let's assume that I'm extending a graphical file chooser class (JFileChooser). This class has methods which display the file chooser dialog and return a status signature in the form of an int: APPROVE_OPTION if the user selects a file and hits Open /Save, CANCEL_OPTION if the user hits Cancel, and ERROR_OPTION if something goes wrong. These methods are called showDialog(). I find this cumbersome, so I decide to make another method that returns a File object: in the case of APPROVE_OPTION, it returns the file selected by the user; otherwise, it returns null. This is where I run into a problem: would it be okay for me to keep the showDialog() name, even though methods with that name — and a different return type — already exist? To top it off, my method takes an additional parameter: a File which denotes in which directory the file chooser should start. My question to you: Is it okay to call a method the same name as a superclass method if they return different types? Or would that be confusing to API users? (If so, what other name could I use?) Alternatively, should I keep the name and change the return type so it matches that of the other methods? public int showDialog(Component parent, String approveButtonText) // Superclass method public File showDialog(Component parent, File location) // My method

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  • Technologie Roadmap: Portlet JSR286 vs Widget/Gadget

    - by Aerosteak
    Hello IBM got me confused (again). For many years IBM have been pushing for Portlet Containers with the JSR 168 and later the JSR 286 Specification. 2008-2009, IBM the Lotus division introduced the iWidget Specification. Based on my reading, it is a more dynamic and lightweight version of the Portlets, close to Google Gadget. It uses a different paradigm than Porlet while providing the same features. A major differentiator with this kind of client side technologies is that you don’t need a big and costly Portal infrastructure. To not fall in the ‘It depends on needs’ discussions, let consider the following: * New company, no legacy portlet, no portal in place. What are your thoughts on this?

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  • Moving sprites on a graph in libGDX

    - by nosferat
    In my game I'd like to move sprites on a fixed path. Until this point I was trying to stick with the tools already provided by libGDX, like the Tiled map renderer classes so I'm looking for a solution nearly as convenient as that, e.g. I'd like to avoid creating the adjacency matrix by hand. Tiled has the functionality to add objects to the map but I'm not sure if I can use it for this purpose. Any idea?

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  • how do you manage application performance reviews

    - by CoolBeans
    I have been trying to figure out ways to effectively do performance reviews before an install happens for all releases done by our team. Do you usually make this a part of code review process or do you handle it as a separate review task? FYI - we do not have a dedicated performance testing team. It is up to the developers to make sure the app performs well. The apps I am referring to are web applications.

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  • Quaternion Camera

    - by Alex_Hyzer_Kenoyer
    Can someone help me figure out how to use a Quaternion with the PerspectiveCamera in libGDX or in general? I am trying to rotate my camera around a sphere that is being drawn at (0,0,0). I am not sure how to go about setting up the quaternion correctly, manipulating it, and then applying it to the camera. Edit: Here is what I have tried to do so far. // This is how I set it up Quaternion orientation = new Quaternion(); orientation.setFromAxis(Vector3.Y, 45); // This is how I am trying to update the rotations public void rotateX(float amount) { Quaternion temp = new Quaternion(); temp.set(Vector3.X, amount); orientation.mul(temp); } public void rotateY(float amount) { Quaternion temp = new Quaternion(); temp.set(Vector3.Y, amount); orientation.mul(temp); } public void updateCamera() { // This is where I am unsure how to apply the rotations to the camera // I think I should update the view and projection matrices? camera.view.mul(orientation); ... }

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  • Libgdx Box2d createfixture crashes vm intermittently

    - by user45021
    I have a hard to debug problem. I have a Box2D game which creates a wheeled vehicle. I want the vehicle body to reflect when it goes from moving left to moving right. to do this i set a flag in a changelistener on a button and then in update method i destroy and recreate the body facing the other way. it works fine most of the time but if i flip the vehicle several times quickly JVM crashes. no errors nothing in log. i added system.out.prints and the errors occur in the routine that instantiates the new body and before anything gets deleted/removed so i don't think the UI is trying to access null pointers. and if it was it should throw an error. M the crash seems to be at createFixture statements. but the work most of the first time. I tried debugging but the error doesn't happen much when the flips are slow. in any case createFixture drops fairly quickly into jni. Is this a Box2D bug? Is GC the issue? From Mission Control I see the GC is collecting on a period of ooh maybe 5s and flipping slower than that mostly works. how do i debug this? i am win7 64bit with 64bit at and jdk7 64bit. libgdx-0.9.9 and sometimes libgdx-nightly-20140215.

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  • Representation of data in application versus database

    - by user1815201
    I'm going to make an application that will be given data to put in a database. The data will for the most part be the same, but the way it is formatted will vary a lot (could be in anything from text files to .xls to .doc). I'm not a very experienced developer, but I can see some potential issues and I want to minimize them. First off I have decided to use the DAO pattern, so that I can easily support new file formats or file suddenly formatted in different ways. What I really wonder about though, is how I should manage the data itself within my application. I'm thinking that the database DAO should have models representing each table of the database with the same relations between them, to make the uploading process easy. But should the filesystem DAO's have to use the same models? I can imaging that when the database changes, the change will suddenly propagate throughout the entire system, all DAOs and models alike. And that is obviously a bad thing. I'm a little bit tired and out of time. Will update with what ever questions you have. Thanks!

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  • Is there any reason to use "plain old data" classes?

    - by Michael
    In legacy code I occasionally see classes that are nothing but wrappers for data. something like: class Bottle { int height; int diameter; Cap capType; getters/setters, maybe a constructor } My understanding of OO is that classes are structures for data and the methods of operating on that data. This seems to preclude objects of this type. To me they are nothing more than structs and kind of defeat the purpose of OO. I don't think it's necessarily evil, though it may be a code smell. Is there a case where such objects would be necessary? If this is used often, does it make the design suspect?

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  • Clean Code says to avoid protected variables

    - by Matsemann
    I have a question to a statement in Clean Code. I don't fully understand the reasoning to why we should avoid protected variables. It's from the chapter about Formatting, section about Vertical Distance: Concepts that are closely related should be kept vertically close to each other. Clearly this rule doesn't work for concepts that belong in separate files. But then closely related concepts should not be separated into different files unless you have a very good reason. Indeed, this is one of the reasons that protected variables should be avoided.

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  • Best way to Draw a cube for 3D Picking on a specific face

    - by Kenneth Bray
    Currently I am drawing a cube for a game that I am making and the cube draw method is below. My question is, what is the best way to draw a cube and to be able to easily find the face that the cursor is over? My draw method works just fine, but I am getting ready to start to add picking (this will be used to mold the cubes into other shaps), and would like to know the best way to find a face of the cube. public void Draw() { // center point posX, posY, posZ float radius = size / 2; //top glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); { glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); // red glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); } glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); //bottom glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); { glColor3f(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // ?? color glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); } glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); //right side glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); { glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // ?? color glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); } glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); //left side glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); { glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,1.0f); // ?? color glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); } glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); //front side glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); { glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // blue glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); } glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); //back side glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); { glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // green glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); } glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); }

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  • Web Frameworks caring about persistence?

    - by Mik378
    I have noticed that Play! Framework encompasses persistence strategy (like JPA etc...) Why would a web framework care about persistence ?! Indeed, this would be the job of the server-sides components (like EJB etc...), wouldn't this? Otherwise, client would be too coupled with server's business logic. UPDATE: One answer would be : it's more likely used for simple application including itself the whole business logics. However, for large applications with well-designed layers(services, domain, DAO's etc..), persistence is not recommended within web client layer since there would be several different web(or not) clients.

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  • Spring 3 learning curve

    - by Lucian Enache
    I'm coming from a Struts background and I was considering learning the Spring framework. How long would it usually take to get familiarity with Spring Core and Spring MVC modules, keeping in mind that I come from a Struts 1 background ? Beside those two modules are there any other modules that I should focus on ? I know that the time is relative given that everyone has a different learning curve.

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  • Silverlight and .NET 4 tools

    - by Fabrice Marguerie
    I've just added two new attributes to SharpToolbox.com: Built for Silverlight and Built for .NET 4. There are already more than 30 tools tagged as offering support for Silverlight, and 20 tools for .NET 4.You can search for tools, libraries and add-ins with these attributes using the search page. PS: if you have submitted tools, be patient, I have a lot to process...

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  • Improvements to Joshua Bloch's Builder Design Pattern?

    - by Jason Fotinatos
    Back in 2007, I read an article about Joshua Blochs take on the "builder pattern" and how it could be modified to improve the overuse of constructors and setters, especially when an object has a large number of properties, most of which are optional. A brief summary of this design pattern is articled here [http://rwhansen.blogspot.com/2007/07/theres-builder-pattern-that-joshua.html]. I liked the idea, and have been using it since. The problem with it, while it is very clean and nice to use from the client perspective, implementing it can be a pain in the bum! There are so many different places in the object where a single property is reference, and thus creating the object, and adding a new property takes a lot of time. So...I had an idea. First, an example object in Joshua Bloch's style: Josh Bloch Style: public class OptionsJoshBlochStyle { private final String option1; private final int option2; // ...other options here <<<< public String getOption1() { return option1; } public int getOption2() { return option2; } public static class Builder { private String option1; private int option2; // other options here <<<<< public Builder option1(String option1) { this.option1 = option1; return this; } public Builder option2(int option2) { this.option2 = option2; return this; } public OptionsJoshBlochStyle build() { return new OptionsJoshBlochStyle(this); } } private OptionsJoshBlochStyle(Builder builder) { this.option1 = builder.option1; this.option2 = builder.option2; // other options here <<<<<< } public static void main(String[] args) { OptionsJoshBlochStyle optionsVariation1 = new OptionsJoshBlochStyle.Builder().option1("firefox").option2(1).build(); OptionsJoshBlochStyle optionsVariation2 = new OptionsJoshBlochStyle.Builder().option1("chrome").option2(2).build(); } } Now my "improved" version: public class Options { // note that these are not final private String option1; private int option2; // ...other options here public String getOption1() { return option1; } public int getOption2() { return option2; } public static class Builder { private final Options options = new Options(); public Builder option1(String option1) { this.options.option1 = option1; return this; } public Builder option2(int option2) { this.options.option2 = option2; return this; } public Options build() { return options; } } private Options() { } public static void main(String[] args) { Options optionsVariation1 = new Options.Builder().option1("firefox").option2(1).build(); Options optionsVariation2 = new Options.Builder().option1("chrome").option2(2).build(); } } As you can see in my "improved version", there are 2 less places in which we need to add code about any addition properties (or options, in this case)! The only negative that I can see is that the instance variables of the outer class are not able to be final. But, the class is still immutable without this. Is there really any downside to this improvement in maintainability? There has to be a reason which he repeated the properties within the nested class that I'm not seeing?

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