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  • C/C++ Struct vs Class

    - by m00st
    After finishing my C++ class it seemed to me the structs/classes are virtually identical except with a few minor differences. I've never programmed in C before; but I do know that it has structs. In C is it possible to inherit other structs and set a modifier of public/private? If you can do this in regular C why in the world do we need C++? What makes classes different from a struct?

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  • How to see .class content in Eclipse?

    - by mac
    Sometimes, in Eclipse , i press a combination of keys which take me to the editor page that shows contents of my .class file. I never seem to be able to remember what that key combination is. Can someone please let me know?

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  • importing class and its function from another file [Python]

    - by user343934
    Hi everyone, I am having little bit problem in importing classes in python. My work flow goes like this -index.py ---class template: ------def header(): ------def body(): ------def footer(): -display.py I want to call function header(), body() and footer () in my display.py page. Will anyone make me clear about this issue in python. Thanks for your concern.

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  • C# : having a "+" in the class name ?

    - by Graveen
    Hello, class name: MyAssembly.MyClass+MyOtherClass The problem is obviously the + as separator, instead of traditionnal dot, its function, and to find official documentation to see if others separators exist Thank you in advance !

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  • ASP.NET MVC ‘Extendable-hooks’ – ControllerActionInvoker class

    - by nmarun
    There’s a class ControllerActionInvoker in ASP.NET MVC. This can be used as one of an hook-points to allow customization of your application. Watching Brad Wilsons’ Advanced MP3 from MVC Conf inspired me to write about this class. What MSDN says: “Represents a class that is responsible for invoking the action methods of a controller.” Well if MSDN says it, I think I can instill a fair amount of confidence into what the class does. But just to get to the details, I also looked into the source code for MVC. Seems like the base class Controller is where an IActionInvoker is initialized: 1: protected virtual IActionInvoker CreateActionInvoker() { 2: return new ControllerActionInvoker(); 3: } In the ControllerActionInvoker (the O-O-B behavior), there are different ‘versions’ of InvokeActionMethod() method that actually call the action method in question and return an instance of type ActionResult. 1: protected virtual ActionResult InvokeActionMethod(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor, IDictionary<string, object> parameters) { 2: object returnValue = actionDescriptor.Execute(controllerContext, parameters); 3: ActionResult result = CreateActionResult(controllerContext, actionDescriptor, returnValue); 4: return result; 5: } I guess that’s enough on the ‘behind-the-screens’ of this class. Let’s see how we can use this class to hook-up extensions. Say I have a requirement that the user should be able to get different renderings of the same output, like html, xml, json, csv and so on. The user will type-in the output format in the url and should the get result accordingly. For example: http://site.com/RenderAs/ – renders the default way (the razor view) http://site.com/RenderAs/xml http://site.com/RenderAs/csv … and so on where RenderAs is my controller. There are many ways of doing this and I’m using a custom ControllerActionInvoker class (even though this might not be the best way to accomplish this). For this, my one and only route in the Global.asax.cs is: 1: routes.MapRoute("RenderAsRoute", "RenderAs/{outputType}", 2: new {controller = "RenderAs", action = "Index", outputType = ""}); Here the controller name is ‘RenderAsController’ and the action that’ll get called (always) is the Index action. The outputType parameter will map to the type of output requested by the user (xml, csv…). I intend to display a list of food items for this example. 1: public class Item 2: { 3: public int Id { get; set; } 4: public string Name { get; set; } 5: public Cuisine Cuisine { get; set; } 6: } 7:  8: public class Cuisine 9: { 10: public int CuisineId { get; set; } 11: public string Name { get; set; } 12: } Coming to my ‘RenderAsController’ class. I generate an IList<Item> to represent my model. 1: private static IList<Item> GetItems() 2: { 3: Cuisine cuisine = new Cuisine { CuisineId = 1, Name = "Italian" }; 4: Item item = new Item { Id = 1, Name = "Lasagna", Cuisine = cuisine }; 5: IList<Item> items = new List<Item> { item }; 6: item = new Item {Id = 2, Name = "Pasta", Cuisine = cuisine}; 7: items.Add(item); 8: //... 9: return items; 10: } My action method looks like 1: public IList<Item> Index(string outputType) 2: { 3: return GetItems(); 4: } There are two things that stand out in this action method. The first and the most obvious one being that the return type is not of type ActionResult (or one of its derivatives). Instead I’m passing the type of the model itself (IList<Item> in this case). We’ll convert this to some type of an ActionResult in our custom controller action invoker class later. The second thing (a little subtle) is that I’m not doing anything with the outputType value that is passed on to this action method. This value will be in the RouteData dictionary and we’ll use this in our custom invoker class as well. It’s time to hook up our invoker class. First, I’ll override the Initialize() method of my RenderAsController class. 1: protected override void Initialize(RequestContext requestContext) 2: { 3: base.Initialize(requestContext); 4: string outputType = string.Empty; 5:  6: // read the outputType from the RouteData dictionary 7: if (requestContext.RouteData.Values["outputType"] != null) 8: { 9: outputType = requestContext.RouteData.Values["outputType"].ToString(); 10: } 11:  12: // my custom invoker class 13: ActionInvoker = new ContentRendererActionInvoker(outputType); 14: } Coming to the main part of the discussion – the ContentRendererActionInvoker class: 1: public class ContentRendererActionInvoker : ControllerActionInvoker 2: { 3: private readonly string _outputType; 4:  5: public ContentRendererActionInvoker(string outputType) 6: { 7: _outputType = outputType.ToLower(); 8: } 9: //... 10: } So the outputType value that was read from the RouteData, which was passed in from the url, is being set here in  a private field. Moving to the crux of this article, I now override the CreateActionResult method. 1: protected override ActionResult CreateActionResult(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor, object actionReturnValue) 2: { 3: if (actionReturnValue == null) 4: return new EmptyResult(); 5:  6: ActionResult result = actionReturnValue as ActionResult; 7: if (result != null) 8: return result; 9:  10: // This is where the magic happens 11: // Depending on the value in the _outputType field, 12: // return an appropriate ActionResult 13: switch (_outputType) 14: { 15: case "json": 16: { 17: JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer(); 18: string json = serializer.Serialize(actionReturnValue); 19: return new ContentResult { Content = json, ContentType = "application/json" }; 20: } 21: case "xml": 22: { 23: XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(actionReturnValue.GetType()); 24: using (StringWriter writer = new StringWriter()) 25: { 26: serializer.Serialize(writer, actionReturnValue); 27: return new ContentResult { Content = writer.ToString(), ContentType = "text/xml" }; 28: } 29: } 30: case "csv": 31: controllerContext.HttpContext.Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=items.csv"); 32: return new ContentResult 33: { 34: Content = ToCsv(actionReturnValue as IList<Item>), 35: ContentType = "application/ms-excel" 36: }; 37: case "pdf": 38: string filePath = controllerContext.HttpContext.Server.MapPath("~/items.pdf"); 39: controllerContext.HttpContext.Response.AddHeader("content-disposition", 40: "attachment; filename=items.pdf"); 41: ToPdf(actionReturnValue as IList<Item>, filePath); 42: return new FileContentResult(StreamFile(filePath), "application/pdf"); 43:  44: default: 45: controllerContext.Controller.ViewData.Model = actionReturnValue; 46: return new ViewResult 47: { 48: TempData = controllerContext.Controller.TempData, 49: ViewData = controllerContext.Controller.ViewData 50: }; 51: } 52: } A big method there! The hook I was talking about kinda above actually is here. This is where different kinds / formats of output get returned based on the output type requested in the url. When the _outputType is not set (string.Empty as set in the Global.asax.cs file), the razor view gets rendered (lines 45-50). This is the default behavior in most MVC applications where-in a view (webform/razor) gets rendered on the browser. As you see here, this gets returned as a ViewResult. But then, for an outputType of json/xml/csv, a ContentResult gets returned, while for pdf, a FileContentResult is returned. Here are how the different kinds of output look like: This is how we can leverage this feature of ASP.NET MVC to developer a better application. I’ve used the iTextSharp library to convert to a pdf format. Mike gives quite a bit of detail regarding this library here. You can download the sample code here. (You’ll get an option to download once you open the link). Verdict: Hot chocolate: $3; Reebok shoes: $50; Your first car: $3000; Being able to extend a web application: Priceless.

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  • Loading a new instance of a class through XML not working quite right

    - by Thegluestickman
    I'm having trouble with XML and XNA. I want to be able to load weapon settings through XML to make my weapons easier to make and to have less code in the actual project file. So I started out making a basic XML document, something to just assign variables with. But no matter what I changed it gave me a new error every time. The code below gives me a "XML element 'Tag' not found", I added and it started to say the variables weren't found. What I wanted to do in the XML file as well, was load a texture for the file too. So I created a static class to hold my texture values, then in the Texture tag of my XML document I would set it to that instance too. I think that's were the problems are occuring because that's where the "XML element 'Tag' not found" error is pointing me too. My XML document: <XnaContent> <Asset Type="ConversationEngine.Weapon"> <weaponStrength>0</weaponStrength> <damageModifiers>0</damageModifiers> <speed>0</speed> <magicDefense>0</magicDefense> <description>0</description> <identifier>0</identifier> <weaponTexture>LoadWeaponTextures.ironSword</weaponTexture> </Asset> </XnaContent> My Class to load the weapon XML: public static class LoadWeaponXML { static Weapon Weapons; public static Weapon WeaponLoad(ContentManager content, int id) { Weapons = content.Load<Weapon>(@"Weapons/" + id); return Weapons; } } public static class LoadWeaponTextures { public static Texture2D ironSword; public static void TextureLoad(ContentManager content) { ironSword = content.Load<Texture2D>("Sword"); } } I'm not entirely sure if you can load textures through XML, but any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Class hierarchy problem in this social network model

    - by Gerenuk
    I'm trying to design a class system for a social network data model - basically a link/object system. Now I have roughly the following structure (simplified and only relevant methods shown) class Data: "used to handle the data with mongodb" "can link, unlink data and also return other linked data" "is basically a proxy object that only stores _id and accesses mongodb on requests" "it looks like {_id: ..., _out: [id1, id2,...], _inc: [id3, id4, ...]}" def get_node(self, id) "create a new Data object from the underlying mongodb" "each data object can potentially create a reference object to new mongo data" "this is needed when the data returns the linked objects" class Node: """ this class proxies linking calls to .data it includes additional network logic operations whereas Data only contains a basic database solution """ def __init__(self, data): "the infrastructure realization is stored as composition by an included object data" "Node bascially proxies most calls to the infrastructure object data" def get_node(self, data): "creates a new object of class Object or Link depending on data" class Object(Node): "can have multiple connections to Link" class Link(Node): "has one 'in' and one 'out' connection to an Object" This system is working, however maybe wouldn't work outside Python. Note that after reading links Now I have two questions here: 1) I want to infrastructure of the data storage to be replacable. Earlier I had Data as a superclass of Node so that it provided the neccessary calls. But (without dirty Python tricks) you cannot replace the superclass dynamically. Is using composition therefore recommended? The drawback is that I have to proxy most calls (link, unlink etc). Any thoughts? 2) The class Node contains the common method .get_node which is used to built new Object or Link instances after reading out the data. Some attribute of data decided whether the object which is only stored by id should be instantiated as an Object or Link class. The problem here is that Node needs to know about Object and Link in advance, which seems dodgy. Do you see a different solution? Both Object and Link need to instantiate one of all possible types depending on what the find in their linked data. Are there any other ideas how to implement a flexible Object/Link structure where the underlying database storage is isolated?

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  • UiElement from abstract class

    - by plotnick
    I placed a control into a grid. let's say the control is derived from public class 'ButBase' which is derived in its turn from System.Windows.Controls.Button. The code normally compiles and app works just fine. But there's something really annoying. When you try to switch to xaml-design tab it will say 'The document root element is not supported by the visual designer', which is normal and I'm totally okay with that, but the thing is, that all the xaml code is underlined and VS2010 says: 'Cannot create an instance of ButBase' although still normally compiles and able to run. I've tried the same code in VS2008, it said that needs to see a public parameterless constructor in the ButBase, and even after I put one it showed the same error. What do I miss here?

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  • UiElement based on another class

    - by plotnick
    I placed a control into a grid. let's say the control is derived from public class 'ButBase' which is derived in its turn from System.Windows.Controls.Button. The code normally compiles and app works just fine. But there's something really annoying. When you try to switch to xaml-design tab it will say 'The document root element is not supported by the visual designer', which is normal and I'm totally okay with that, but the thing is, that all the xaml code is underlined and VS2010 says: 'Cannot create an instance of ButBase' although still normally compiles and able to run. I've tried the same code in VS2008, it said that needs to see a public parameterless constructor in the ButBase, and even after I put one it showed the same error. What do I miss here?

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  • What is meant by Scope of a variable?

    - by Appy
    I think of the scope of a variable as - "The scope of a particular variable is the range within a program's source code in which that variable is recognized by the compiler". That statement is from "Scope and Lifetime of Variables in C++", which I read many months ago. Recently I came across this in LeMoyne-Owen College courses: What exactly is the difference between the scope of variables in C# and (C99, C++, Java) when However a variable still must be declared before it can be used

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  • Environmental Variable for current domain

    - by Krzysztof Goszka
    I'm using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Desktop edition I want to use environmental variable for currently joined domain just like i use $USER to bring current user. From what i read there are few variables for that but none seem to work for me. I also cannot see those variables as active when i type env command. I would appreciate a solution on how to enable that variable or how to make my own variable by pulling current domain name from the system somehow.

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  • How to view Session Variables in Visual Studio 2008 Debugger?

    - by davemackey
    Usually using Visual Studio's debugger is a breeze. Scanning through Locals quickly shows the values of variables, etc. However, I'm at a loss how to find out the values contained in session state variables? Can anyone give me a hand? Lets say I put a breakpoint right after: Session("first_name") = "Rob Roy" How do I view the value contained in Session("first_name") from locals?

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  • Defining a Class in Objective C, XCode

    - by Brett
    Hello; I am new to Objective C, and am trying to write a class that defines a complex number. The code seems fine but when I print to the console, my values for instance variables are 0. Here is the code: // // ComplexNumber.h // Mandelbrot Set // // Created by Brett on 10-06-02. // Copyright 2010 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved. // #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import <stdio.h> @interface ComplexNumber : NSObject { double real; double imaginary; } // Getters -(double) real; -(double) imaginary; // Setters -(void)setReal: (double) a andImaginary: (double) b; //Function -(ComplexNumber *)squared; @end // // ComplexNumber.m // Mandelbrot Set // // Created by Brett on 10-06-02. // Copyright 2010 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved. // #import "ComplexNumber.h" #import <math.h> #import <stdio.h> @implementation ComplexNumber -(double)real{ return self->real; } -(double)imaginary{ return self->imaginary; } -(void)setReal: (double) a andImaginary: (double) b{ self->real=a; self->imaginary=b; } -(ComplexNumber *)squared{ double a = pow(real,2); double b = pow(imaginary, 2); double c = 2*real*imaginary; ComplexNumber *d; [d setReal:(a-b) andImaginary: c]; return d; } @end In the App Delegate for debugging purposes I added: - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { ComplexNumber *testNumber = [[ComplexNumber alloc] init]; [testNumber setReal:55.0 andImaginary:30.0]; NSLog(@"%d", testNumber.real); // Override point for customization after app launch [window addSubview:viewController.view]; [window makeKeyAndVisible]; return YES; } But the console returns 0 everytime. Help?

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  • How to run SQL that contains bind variables in the ODT Query Window?

    - by dnorthut
    How do you run SQL that contains one or more bind variables in the Oracle Developer Tools for Visual Studio Query Window? For example, the following works fine in SQL*Plus: variable x NUMBER; BEGIN :x := 0; END; / SELECT 1 FROM DUAL WHERE :x <> 1; When executed in the ODT Query Window, the following exception is raised in the Query output pane: ERROR ORA-01008: not all variables bound

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  • Javascript Global Variables Not Working as expected. Help?

    - by capri corn
    I am new to Javascript. I am facing a problem with global variables. I can't figure out that why the global variables are not working as the code looks ok. Please Help me solve this problem. I will breifly explain the code first.I have some text on a page which changes to text field when clicked. When I define the variables inside the functions body the code starts working fine. When these variables are defined globally as in the following code, the console displays this error: the variable is not defined. Here my code: <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <title>Span to Text Box - Demo - DOM</title> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> var textNode = document.getElementById('text'); var textValue = textNode.firstChild.nodeValue; var textboxNode = document.getElementById('textbox'); var doneButton = document.getElementById('done'); function change() { textboxNode.setAttribute('value', textValue); textNode.style.display = 'none'; textboxNode.setAttribute('type','text'); doneButton.setAttribute('type','button'); } function changeBack() { textNode.firstChild.nodeValue = textboxNode.value; textNode.style.display = 'block'; textboxNode.setAttribute('type', 'hidden'); doneButton.setAttribute('type','hidden'); } </script> </head> <body> <p id="text" onClick="change()">Click me!</p> <form onSubmit="return false;"> <input type="hidden" id="textbox" /> <input type="hidden" id="done" onClick="changeBack()" value="Done" /> </form> </body> </html> Please Help! Thanks in Advance.

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  • problem with PHP class function ()

    - by lusey
    hello this is my first question here and i hope you can help me .. I am trying to find a soloution of the towers of hanoi problem by three search ways (BFS-DFS-IDS) so I use "state" class whitch defined by 5 variables as here : class state { var $tower1 = array(); var $tower2 = array(); var $tower3 = array(); var $depth; var $neighbors = array(); and it also has many function one of them is getneighbors() which supposed to fill the array $neighbors with state neighbors and they are from the type "state" and here is the function : function getneighbors () { $temp=$this->copy(); $neighbor1= $this->copy(); $neighbor2= $this->copy(); $neighbor3= $this->copy(); $neighbor4= $this->copy(); $neighbor5= $this->copy(); $neighbor6= $this->copy(); if(!Empty($temp->tower1)) { if(!Empty($neighbor1->tower2)) { if(end($neighbor1->tower1) < end($neighbor1->tower2)) { array_unshift($neighbor1->tower2,array_pop($neighbor1->tower1)); array_push($neighbors,$neighbor1); }} else { array_unshift($neighbor1->tower2, array_pop($neighbor1->tower1)); array_push($neighbors,$neighbor1); } if(!Empty($neighbor2->tower3)) { if(end($neighbor2->tower1) < end($neighbor2->tower3)) { array_unshift($neighbor2->tower3, array_pop($neighbor2->tower1)); array_push($neighbors,$neighbor2); }} else { array_unshift($neighbor2->tower3,array_shift($neighbor2->tower1)); array_push($neighbors,$neighbor2); } } if(!Empty($temp->tower2)) { if(!Empty($neighbor3->tower1)) { if(end($neighbor3->tower2) < end($neighbor3->tower1)) { array_unshift($neighbor3->tower1,array_shift($neighbor3->tower2)); array_push($neighbors,$neighbor3); } } else { array_unshift($neighbor3->tower1,array_shift($neighbor3->tower2)); array_push($neighbors,$neighbor3); } if(!Empty($neighbor4->tower3)) { if(end($neighbor4->tower2) < end($neighbor4->tower3)) { array_unshift($neighbor4->tower1,array_shift($neighbor4->tower2)); array_push($neighbors,$neighbor4); } } else{ array_unshift($neighbor4->tower3,array_shift($neighbor4->tower2)); array_push($neighbors,$neighbor4); } } if(!Empty($temp->tower3)) { if(!Empty($neighbor5->tower1)) { if(end($neighbor5->tower3) < end($neighbor5->tower1)) {array_unshift($neighbor5->tower1,array_shift($neighbor5->tower3)); array_push($neighbors,$neighbor5); } } else{ array_unshift($neighbor5->tower1,array_shift($neighbor5->tower3)); array_push($neighbors,$neighbor5);} if(!Empty($neighbor6->tower2)) { if(end($neighbor6->tower3) < end($neighbor6->tower2)) { array_unshift($neighbor6->tower2,array_shift($neighbor6->tower3)); array_push($neighbors,$neighbor6); }} else{ array_unshift($neighbor6->tower2,array_shift($neighbor6->tower3)); array_push($neighbors,$neighbor6);} } return $neighbors; } note that toString and equals and copy are defined too now the problem is that when I call getneighbors() it returns an empty $neighbors array can you pleas tell me the problem ?

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  • How to store multiple variables from a File Input of unknown size in Java?

    - by AlphaOmegaStrife
    I'm a total beginner with my first programming assignment in Java. For our programming assignment, we will be given a .txt file of students like so: 3 345 Lisa Miller 890238 Y 2 <-(Number of classes) Mathematics MTH345 4 A Physics PHY357 3 B Bill Wilton 798324 N 2 English ENG378 3 B Philosophy PHL534 3 A Dandy Goat 746333 Y 1 History HIS101 3 A" The teacher will give us a .txt file on the day of turning it in with a list of unknown students. My problem is: I have a specific class for turning the data from the file into variables to be used for a different class in printing it to the screen. However, I do not know of a good way to get the variables from the input file for the course numbers, since that number is not predetermined. The only way I can think of to iterate over that unknown amount is using a loop, but that would just overwrite my variables every time. Also, the teacher has requested that we not use any JCL classes (I don't really know what this means.) Sorry if I have done a poor job of explaining this, but I can't think of a better way to conceptualize it. Let me know if I can clarify. Edit: public static void analyzeData() { Scanner inputStream = null; try { inputStream = new Scanner(new FileInputStream("Programming Assignment 1 Data.txt")); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("File Programming Assignment 1 Data.txt could not be found or opened."); System.exit(0); } int numberOfStudents = inputStream.nextInt(); int tuitionPerHour = inputStream.nextInt(); String firstName = inputStream.next(); String lastname = inputStream.next(); String isTuitionPaid = inputStream.next(); int numberOfCourses = inputStream.nextInt(); String courseName = inputStream.next(); String courseNumber = inputStream.next(); int creditHours = inputStream.nextInt(); String grade = inputStream.next(); To show the methods I am using now, I am just using a Scanner to read from the file and for Scanner inputStream, I am using nextInt() or next() to get variables from the file. Obviously this will not work when I do not know exactly how many classes each student will have.

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  • How can I retrieve all the returned variables from a function?

    - by user1447941
    import random def some_function(): example = random.randint(0, 1) if example == 1: other_example = 2 else: return False return example, other_example With this example, there is a chance that either one or two variables will be returned. Usually, for one variable I'd use var = some_function() while for two, var, var2 = some_function(). How can I tell how many variables are being returned by the function?

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  • Test Amazon Ec2 instance Small

    - by user102130
    I have some questions about amazon ec2 and especially on small instance. I want to host my new website (the beta version) on this kind of instance, but before i want to know about how many simultaneous users can be connected on one small instance. You can see the caracteristics of a small one here : http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/ My website is a kind of social network in PHP. Is someone had already test this type of instance ?

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  • Mutable class as a child of an immutable class

    - by deamon
    I want to have immutable Java objects like this (strongly simplyfied): class Immutable { protected String name; public Immutable(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } } In some cases the object should not only be readable but mutable, so I could add mutability through inheritance: public class Mutable extends Immutable { public Mutable(String name) { super(name); } public void setName(String name) { super.name = name; } } While this is technically fine, I wonder if it conforms with OOP and inheritance that mutable is also of type immutable. I want to avoid the OOP crime to throw UnsupportedOperationException for immutable object, like the Java collections API does. What do you think? Any other ideas?

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