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  • Classes / instances in Ontology

    - by SODA
    Hi, I'm trying to comprehend ontology basics. Here's an example: car (class) 2009 VW CC (sub-class or instance?) My neighbor's 2009 VW CC (instance) My issue is understanding what is "2009 VW CC" (as a car model). If you're making product model a sub-class in the ontology - all of a sudden your ontology becomes bloated with thousands of subclasses of a "car". That's redundant. At the same time we can't say "2009 VW CC" is an instance, at least it's not material instance of a class. Does it make sense to distinguish between regular instances and material (distinct physical objects)? At the other hand, if both are instances (of different nature so to say), then how can instance inherit properties / relations of a non-class?

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  • Binding XML in Sliverlight without Nominal Classes

    - by AnthonyWJones
    Lets say I have a simple chunck of XML:- <root> <item forename="Fred" surname="Flintstone" /> <item forename="Barney" surname="Rubble" /> </root> Having fetched this XML in Silverlight I would like to bind it with xaml of this ilke:- <ListBox x:Name="ItemList" Style="{StaticResource Items}"> <ListBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"> <TextBox Text="{Binding Forename}" /> <TextBox Text="{Binding Surname}" /> </StackPanel> </DataTemplate> </ListBox.ItemTemplate> </ListBox> Now I can bind simply enough with LINQ to XML and a nominal class:- public class Person { public string Forename {get; set;} public string Surname {get; set;} } So here is the question, can it be done without this class? IOW coupling between the Sliverlight code and the input XML is limited to the XAML only, other source code is agnostic to the set of attributes on the item element. Edit: The use of XSD is suggested but ultimately it amounts the same thing. XSD-Generated class. Edit: An anonymous class doesn't work, Silverlight can't bind them. Edit: This needs to be two way, the user needs to be able to edit the values and these value end up in the XML. (Changed original TextBlock to TextBox in sample above).

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  • Superfluous python parameters

    - by Leif Andersen
    I've noticed a discrepancy in the way that python parameters are called. In every other language I've dealt with, you either have foo() meaning either no parameters, or as many parameters as you like, or foo(arg1, arg2,...,argn) where you pass in the same number of parameters to define the function and call it. In python however, I've noticed that the function definitions, and when the function is called, can have two different parameters sets, this usually consists of: class foo(object): def bar(self, arg1, arg2): pass However, when I want to call the function, all I have to do is: zoo = foo() zoo.bar(arg1, arg2) Where did the self parameter go? Thank you.

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  • Access static method from non static class possible in java and not in c#

    - by sagar_kool
    Access static method from non static class with object. It is not possible in C#. Where it is done by JAVA. How it works? example of java /** * Access static member of the class through object. */ import java.io.*; class StaticMemberClass { // Declare a static method. public static void staticDisplay() { System.out.println("This is static method."); } // Declare a non static method. public void nonStaticDisplay() { System.out.println("This is non static method."); } } class StaticAccessByObject { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { // call a static member only by class name. StaticMemberClass.staticDisplay(); // Create object of StaticMemberClass class. StaticMemberClass obj = new StaticMemberClass(); // call a static member only by object. obj.staticDisplay(); // accessing non static method through object. obj.nonStaticDisplay(); } } Output of the program: This is static method. This is static method. This is non static method. How to do this in C#? thanks in advance..

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  • Programmatically implementing an interface that combines some instances of the same interface in var

    - by namin
    What is the best way to implement an interface that combines some instances of the same interface in various specified ways? I need to do this for multiple interfaces and I want to minimize the boilerplate and still achieve good efficiency, because I need this for a critical production system. Here is a sketch of the problem. Abstractly, I have a generic combiner class which takes the instances and specify the various combinators: class Combiner<I> { I[] instances; <T> T combineSomeWay(InstanceMethod<I,T> method) { // ... method.call(instances[i]) ... combined in some way ... } // more combinators } Now, let's say I want to implement the following interface among many others: Interface Foo { String bar(int baz); } I want to end up with code like this: class FooCombiner implements Foo { Combiner<Foo> combiner; @Override public String bar(final int baz) { return combiner.combineSomeWay(new InstanceMethod<Foo, String> { @Override public call(Foo instance) { return instance.bar(baz); } }); } } Now, this can quickly get long and winded if the interfaces have lots of methods. I know I could use a dynamic proxy from the Java reflection API to implement such interfaces, but method access via reflection is hundred times slower. So what are the alternatives to boilerplate and reflection in this case?

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  • Return pointer to nested inner class from generic outer class

    - by helixed
    I'm new to C++, so bear with me. I have a generic class called A. A has a nested class called B. A contains a method called getB(), which is supposed to return a new instance of B. However, I can't get my code to compile. Here's what it looks like:#include A.h template <class E> class A { public: class B { public: int data; }; B * getB(); }; A.cpp #include "A.h" template <class E> A<E>::B * A::getB() { return new B(); } When I try to compile this, I get the following error: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '*' token Does anybody know what I'm doing wrong? Thanks, helixed

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  • Unable to access a primitive array inside a custom class from a UIViewController instance

    - by Daniel
    Hello! I have made a subclass of NSObject that is meant to be the model of my application. The class has a few methods and on instance primitive array as such: @interface Cube : NSObject { int cubeState[5][2][2]; } - (id)printContent; @end @implementation Cube - (void)init { if (self = [super init]) { for (int i=0; i<=5; i++) { for (int j=0; j<=2; j++) { for (int k=0; k<=2; k++) { cubeState[i][j][k] = i; } } } } return self; } - (void)printContent { for (int i=0; i<=5; i++) { for (int j=0; j<=2; j++) { for (int k=0; k<=2; k++) { NSLog(@"[%d] [%d] [%d] = %d", i, j, k, cubeState[i][j][k]); } } } } @end This works fine if instanciated from the delegate as such: #include "Cube.h" @implementation CubeAppDelegate @synthesize window; - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application { Cube *cube = [[Cube alloc] init]; [cube printContent]; [cube release]; [window makeKeyAndVisible]; } However, the application crashes if I try to create a subclass of UIViewController with a Cube *cube property and later try to access the Cube instance object through the view controller's property as such: @interface CustomController : UIViewController { Cube *cube; } @property (nonatomic, retain) Cube *cube; @end @implementation CustomController @synthesize cube; - (void)dealloc { [cube release]; [super dealloc]; } @end and in the delegate: - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application { viewController = [[CustomController alloc] initWithNibName:@"MainView" bundle:nil]; viewController.cube = [[[Cube alloc] init] autorelease]; [viewController.cube printContent]; // Application crashes here } Any ideas?

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  • Outside classes accessing package-private methods

    - by Jake
    Suppose I have a class in my package org.jake and it has a method with default access (no modifier). Then the method is visible inside the package only. However, when someone receives the jar of my framework, what is to stop them from writing a new class, declaring its package as org.jake, and using my supposedly invisible method? In other words, is there anything I can do to prevent them from doing that?

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  • Naming conventions for private members of .NET types

    - by Joan Venge
    Normally when I have a private field inside a class or a struct, I use camelCasing, so it would be obvious that it's indeed private when you see the name of it, but in some of my colleagues' C# code, I see that they use m_ mostly or sometimes _, like there is some sort of convention. Aren't .NET naming conventions prevent you from using underscores for member names? And when you mention the MS naming conventions or what not, they tell you it's the best way, but don't explain the reasoning behind it.

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  • Survey on logging classes / frameworks / writers

    - by ts
    I am curious what writers (handlers, loggers) are you using. Text file and db its quite obvious, but what are other possibilities ? Firephp maybe (as in Zend_Log), mail, jabber, url ? Is anyone using syslog() or error_log() ? Are you using streams (especially custom ones) ? Are you using custom error levels or you limit yourself to predefined values? Are you logging common php errors / warning / notices? And last question - is there anything new in the town, worth consideration, apart of Zend_Log ? Or are you using your homebrew class?

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  • How to share classes between DLLs

    - by Jamie Hale
    I have an unmanaged Win32 C++ application that uses multiple C++ DLLs. The DLLs each need to use class Foo - definition and implementation. Where do Foo.h and Foo.cpp live so that the DLLs link and don't end up duplicating code in memory? Is this a reasonable thing to do?

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  • Compile error on inheritance of generic inner class extending with bounds

    - by Arne Burmeister
    I have a problem when compiling a generic class with an inner class. The class extends a generic class, the inner class also. Here the interface implemented: public interface IndexIterator<Element> extends Iterator<Element> { ... } The generic super class: public abstract class CompoundCollection<Element, Part extends Collection<Element>> implements Collection<Element> { ... protected class CompoundIterator<Iter extends Iterator<Element>> extends ImmutableIterator<Element> { ... } } The generic subclass with the compiler error: public class CompoundList<Element> extends CompoundCollection<Element, List<Element>> implements List<Element> { ... private class CompoundIndexIterator extends CompoundIterator<IndexIterator<Element>> implements IndexIterator<Element> { ... } } The error is: type parameter diergo.collect.IndexIterator<Element> is not within its bound extends CompoundIterator<IndexIterator<Element>> ^ What is wrong? The code compiles with eclipse, but bot with java 5 compiler (I use ant with java 5 on a mac and eclipse 3.5). No, I cannot convert it to a static inner class.

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  • Jruby embedded modules and classes.

    - by James Moore
    Hey, I have a ruby file as follows: module Example class Myclass def t_st "Hello World!" end end end now if this was just a class I would be able to use the following java code: ScriptEngine jruby = new ScriptEngineManager().getEngineByName("jruby"); jruby.eval(new BufferedReader(new FileReader("example.rb"))); Object example = jruby.eval("myclass.new"); However, this class rests inside a module. Calling the same code as above produces the error: Exception in thread "main" org.jruby.embed.EvalFailedException: uninitialized constant myclass In addition, calling: Object example = jruby.eval("Example"); The module returns no error. So one would assume this follows the format for Ruby. Object example = jruby.eval("Example::myclass.new"); Again however, I get the same error as before. Can anyone help? As there is little documentation on JRuby? Thanks

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  • Can't run my servlet from tomcat server even though the classes are in package

    - by Mido
    Hi there, i am trying to get my servlet to run, i have been searching for 2 days and trying every possible solution and no luck. The servet class is in the appropriate folder (i.e under the package name). I also added the jar files needed in my servlet into lib folder. the web.xml file maps the url and defines the servlet. So i did everything in the documentation and wt people said in here and still getting this error : type Exception report message description The server encountered an internal error () that prevented it from fulfilling this request. exception javax.servlet.ServletException: Error instantiating servlet class assign1a.RPCServlet org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:108) org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:558) org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:379) org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProcessor.process(Http11AprProcessor.java:282) org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11AprProtocol.java:357) org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:1687) java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886) java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908) java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) root cause java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: assign1a/RPCServlet (wrong name: server/RPCServlet) java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method) java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClassCond(ClassLoader.java:632) java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:616) java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:141) org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClassInternal(WebappClassLoader.java:2820) org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1143) org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1638) org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1516) org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:108) org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:558) org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:379) org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProcessor.process(Http11AprProcessor.java:282) org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11AprProtocol.java:357) org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:1687) java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886) java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908) java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) note The full stack trace of the root cause is available in the Apache Tomcat/7.0.5 logs. Also here is my servlet code : package assign1a; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.logging.Level; import java.util.logging.Logger; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import lib.jsonrpc.RPCService; public class RPCServlet extends HttpServlet { /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = -5274024331393844879L; private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(RPCServlet.class.getName()); protected RPCService service = new ServiceImpl(); public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException { response.setContentType("text/html"); response.getWriter().write("rpc service " + service.getServiceName() + " is running..."); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException { try { service.dispatch(request, response); } catch (Throwable t) { log.log(Level.WARNING, t.getMessage(), t); } } } Please help me :) Thanks. EDIT: here are the contents of my web.xml file <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0" metadata-complete="true"> <servlet> <servlet-name>jsonrpc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>assign1a.RPCServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>jsonrpc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/rpc</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>

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  • nesting classes in php

    - by Honey
    here is my sample class to why i want to nest. include("class.db.php"); class Cart { function getProducts() { //this is how i do it now. //enter code here`but i dont want to redeclare for every method in this class. //how can i declare it in one location to be able to use the same variable in every method? $db = new mysqlDB; $query = $db->query("select something from a table"); return $query } }

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  • Async trigger for an update panel refreshes entire page when triggering too much in too short of tim

    - by Matt
    I have a search button tied to an update panel as a trigger like so: <asp:Panel ID="CRM_Search" runat="server"> <p>Search:&nbsp;<asp:TextBox ID="CRM_Search_Box" CssClass="CRM_Search_Box" runat="server"></asp:TextBox> <asp:Button ID="CRM_Search_Button" CssClass="CRM_Search_Button" runat="server" Text="Search" OnClick="SearchLeads" /></p> </asp:Panel> <asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanel1" runat="server"> <Triggers> <asp:AsyncPostBackTrigger ControlID="CRM_Search_Button" /> </Triggers> <ContentTemplate> /* Content Here */ </ContentTemplate> </asp:UpdatePanel> In my javascript I use jQuery to grab the search box and tie it's keyup to make the search button click: $($(".CRM_Search_Box")[0]).keyup( function () { $($(".CRM_Search_Button")[0]).click(); } ); This works perfectly, except when I start typing too fast. As soon as I type too fast (my guess is if it's any faster than the data actually returns) the entire page refreshes (doing a postback?) instead of just the update panel. I've also found that instead of typing, if I just click the button really fast it starts doing the same thing. Is there any way to prevent it from doing this? Possibly prevent 2nd requests until the first has been completed? If I'm not on the right track then anyone have any other ideas? Thanks, Matt

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  • Public and Internal members in an Internal class?

    - by Noldorin
    Ok, so this may be a bit of a silly question, and there's certainly the obvious answer, but I was curious if I've missed any subtleties here. Is there any difference in terms of visibility/usability between a public member declared in an internal class and an internal member declared in an internal class? i.e. between internal class Foo { public void Bar() { } } and internal class Foo { internal void Bar() { } } If you declared the method as public and also virtual, and then overrode it in a derived class that is public, the reason for using this modifier is clear. However, is this the only situation... am I missing something else?

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  • Handwritten linked list is segfaulting and I don't understand why

    - by Born2Smile
    Hi I was working on a bit of fun, making an interface to run gnuplot from within c++, and for some reason the my linked list implementation fails. The code below fails on the line plots-append(&plot). Stepping through the code I discovered that for some reason the destructor ~John() is called immediately after the constructor John(), and I cannot seem to figure out why. The code included below is a stripped down version operating only on Plot*. Originally I made the linked list as a template class. And it worked fine as ll<int and ll<char* but for some reason it fails as ll<Plot*. Could youp please help me figure out why it fails? and perhaps help me understand how to make it work? In advance: Thanks a heap! //B2S #include <string.h class Plot{ char title[80]; public: Plot(){ } }; class Link{ Plot* element; Link* next; Link* prev; friend class ll; }; class ll{ Link* head; Link* tail; public: ll(){ head = tail = new Link(); head-prev = tail-prev = head-next = tail-next = head; } ~ll(){ while (head!=tail){ tail = tail-prev; delete tail-next; } delete head; } void append(Plot* element){ tail-element = element; tail-next = new Link(); tail-next-prev = tail; tail-next = tail; } }; class John{ ll* plots; public: John(){ plots= new ll(); } ~John(){ delete plots; } John(Plot* plot){ John(); plots-append(plot); } }; int main(){ Plot p; John k(&p); }

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  • Help matching fields between two classes

    - by Michael
    I'm not too experienced with Java yet, and I'm hoping someone can steer me in the right direction because right now I feel like I'm just beating my head against a wall... The first class is called MeasuredParams, and it's got 40+ numeric fields (height, weight, waistSize, wristSize - some int, but mostly double). The second class is a statistical classifier called Classifier. It's been trained on a subset of the MeasuredParams fields. The names of the fields that the Classifier has been trained on is stored, in order, in an array called reqdFields. What I need to do is load a new array, toClassify, with the values stored in the fields from MeasuredParams that match the field list (including order) found in reqdFields. I can make any changes necessary to the MeasuredParams class, but I'm stuck with Classifier as it is. My brute-force approach was to get rid of the fields in MeasuredParams and use an arrayList instead, and store the field names in an Enum object to act as an index pointer. Then loop through the reqdFields list, one element at a time, and find the matching name in the Enum object to find the correct position in the arrayList. Load the value stored at that positon into toClassify, and then continue on to the next element in reqdFields. I'm not sure how exactly I would search through the Enum object - it would be a lot easier if the field names were stored in a second arrayList. But then the index positions between the two would have to stay matched, and I'm back to using an Enum. I think. I've been running around in circles all afternoon, and I keep thinking there must be an easier way of doing it. I'm just stuck right now and can't see past what I've started. Any help would be GREATLY appreciated. Thanks so much! Michael

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  • One template specialization for multiple classes

    - by peper0
    Let's assume we have a template function "foo": template<class T> void foo(T arg) { ... } I can make specialization for some particular type, e.g. template<> void foo(int arg) { ... } If I wanted to use the same specialization for all builtin numeric types (int, float, double etc.) I would write those lines many times. I know that body can be thrown out to another function and just call of this is to be made in every specialization's body, however it would be nicer if i could avoid writting this "void foo(..." for every type. Is there any possibility to tell the compiler that I want to use this specialization for all this types?

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  • Reflecting derived classes in C#

    - by rook
    Let's assume there's a class with a virtual property (let's call it 'P'). It's overridden in a deriving class. Now I want to use something like this: obj.GetType().GetProperty("P") to get info about the overriding property. This search is ambigous, because there are two "P" properties (base and override). So I typed: obj.GetType().GetProperty("P", BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance) It returns the overriding "P" only, but what if I can't guess in compile time if there's an override at all? The latter call would return null. The case is even more complicated, if the hierarchy of inheritance is bigger. In other words, I want to get the 'top-most' override available, otherwise - the base property. What is the cleanest way to achieve the aim? Only one I know at the moment is to go through all properties and check name and declaring type.

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  • receiving error undefined index on two variables

    - by Brad
    Using adLDAP.php class receiving following error: Notice: Undefined index: memberof in /web/ee_web/include/adLDAP.php on line 762 line 762: if (is_array($groups[0]["memberof"])) { Also receiving error: Notice: Undefined index: count in /web/ee_web/include/adLDAP.php on line 982 line 982: $entries[0]["memberof"]["count"]++; Unsure of what I need to do to resolve these error messages, it seems that the script is working fine, but I'd like get rid of these errors. Using: http://adldap.sourceforge.net/wiki/doku.php?id=api

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  • C# using consts in static classes

    - by NickLarsen
    I was plugging away on an open source project this past weekend when I ran into a bit of code that confused me to look up the usage in the C# specification. The code in questions is as follows: internal static class SomeStaticClass { private const int CommonlyUsedValue = 42; internal static string UseCommonlyUsedValue(...) { // some code value = CommonlyUsedValue + ...; return value.ToString(); } } I was caught off guard because this appears to be a non static field being used by a static function which some how compiled just fine in a static class! The specification states (§10.4): A constant-declaration may include a set of attributes (§17), a new modifier (§10.3.4), and a valid combination of the four access modifiers (§10.3.5). The attributes and modifiers apply to all of the members declared by the constant-declaration. Even though constants are considered static members, a constant-declaration neither requires nor allows a static modifier. It is an error for the same modifier to appear multiple times in a constant declaration. So now it makes a little more sense because constants are considered static members, but the rest of the sentence is a bit surprising to me. Why is it that a constant-declaration neither requires nor allows a static modifier? Admittedly I did not know the spec well enough for this to immediately make sense in the first place, but why was the decision made to not force constants to use the static modifier if they are considered constants? Looking at the last sentence in that paragraph, I cannot figure out if it is regarding the previous statement directly and there is some implicit static modifier on constants to begin with, or if it stands on its own as another rule for constants. Can anyone help me clear this up?

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