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• Technical non-terminating condition in a loop

  - by Snarfblam

  Most of us know that a loop should not have a non-terminating condition. For example, this C# loop has a non-terminating condition: any even value of i. This is an obvious logic error. void CountByTwosStartingAt(byte i) { // If i is even, it never exceeds 254 for(; i < 255; i += 2) { Console.WriteLine(i); } } Sometimes there are edge cases that are extremely unlikeley, but technically constitute non-exiting conditions (stack overflows and out-of-memory errors aside). Suppose you have a function that counts the number of sequential zeros in a stream: int CountZeros(Stream s) { int total = 0; while(s.ReadByte() == 0) total++; return total; } Now, suppose you feed it this thing: class InfiniteEmptyStream:Stream { // ... Other members ... public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) { Array.Clear(buffer, offset, count); // Output zeros return count; // Never returns -1 (end of stream) } } Or more realistically, maybe a stream that returns data from external hardware, which in certain cases might return lots of zeros (such as a game controller sitting on your desk). Either way we have an infinite loop. This particular non-terminating condition stands out, but sometimes they don't. A completely real-world example as in an app I'm writing. An endless stream of zeros will be deserialized into infinite "empty" objects (until the collection class or GC throws an exception because I've exceeded two billion items). But this would be a completely unexpected circumstance (considering my data source). How important is it to have absolutely no non-terminating conditions? How much does this affect "robustness?" Does it matter if they are only "theoretically" non-terminating (is it okay if an exception represents an implicit terminating condition)? Does it matter whether the app is commercial? If it is publicly distributed? Does it matter if the problematic code is in no way accessible through a public interface/API? Edit: One of the primary concerns I have is unforseen logic errors that can create the non-terminating condition. If, as a rule, you ensure there are no non-terminating conditions, you can identify or handle these logic errors more gracefully, but is it worth it? And when? This is a concern orthogonal to trust.

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• Change HttpContext.Request.InputStream

  - by user320478

  I am getting lot of errors for HttpRequestValidationException in my event log. Is it possible to HTMLEncode all the inputs from override of ProcessRequest on web page. I have tried this but it gives context.Request.InputStream.CanWrite == false always. Is there any way to HTMLEncode all the feilds when request is made? public override void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) { if (context.Request.InputStream.CanRead) { IEnumerator en = HttpContext.Current.Request.Form.GetEnumerator(); while (en.MoveNext()) { //Response.Write(Server.HtmlEncode(en.Current + " = " + //HttpContext.Current.Request.Form[(string)en.Current])); } long nLen = context.Request.InputStream.Length; if (nLen > 0) { string strInputStream = string.Empty; context.Request.InputStream.Position = 0; byte[] bytes = new byte[nLen]; context.Request.InputStream.Read(bytes, 0, Convert.ToInt32(nLen)); strInputStream = Encoding.Default.GetString(bytes); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(strInputStream)) { List<string> stream = strInputStream.Split('&').ToList<string>(); Dictionary<int, string> data = new Dictionary<int, string>(); if (stream != null && stream.Count > 0) { int index = 0; foreach (string str in stream) { if (str.Length > 3 && str.Substring(0, 3) == "txt") { string textBoxData = str; string temp = Server.HtmlEncode(str); //stream[index] = temp; data.Add(index, temp); index++; } } if (data.Count > 0) { List<string> streamNew = stream; foreach (KeyValuePair<int, string> kvp in data) { streamNew[kvp.Key] = kvp.Value; } string newStream = string.Join("", streamNew.ToArray()); byte[] bytesNew = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(newStream); if (context.Request.InputStream.CanWrite) { context.Request.InputStream.Flush(); context.Request.InputStream.Position = 0; context.Request.InputStream.Write(bytesNew, 0, bytesNew.Length); //Request.InputStream.Close(); //Request.InputStream.Dispose(); } } } } } } base.ProcessRequest(context); }

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• implementing keepalives with Java

  - by Bilal

  Hi All, I am biulding a client-server application where I have to implement a keepalive mechanism in order to detect that the client has crashed or not. I have separate threads on both client and server side. the client thread sends a "ping" then sleeps for 3 seconds, while the server reads the BufferedInput Stream and checks whether ping is received, if so it makes the ping counter eqauls zero, else it increments the counter by +1, the server thread then sleeps for 3 seconds, if the ping counter reaches 3, it daclares the client as dead. The problem is that when the server reads the input stream, its a blocking call, and it blocks untill the next ping is received, irrespective of how delayed it is, so the server never detects a missed ping. any suggestions, so that I can read the current value of the stream and it doesn't block if there is nothing on the incoming stream. Thanks,

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• Problem When Compressing File using vb.net

  - by Amr Elnashar

  I have File Like "Sample.bak" and when I compress it to be "Sample.zip" I lose the file extension inside the zip file I meann when I open the compressed file I find "Sample" without any extension. I use this code : Dim name As String = Path.GetFileName(filePath).Replace(".Bak", "") Dim source() As Byte = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(filePath) Dim compressed() As Byte = ConvertToByteArray(source) System.IO.File.WriteAllBytes(destination & name & ".Bak" & ".zip", compressed) Or using this code : Public Sub cmdCompressFile(ByVal FileName As String) 'Stream object that reads file contents Dim streamObj As Stream = New StreamReader(FileName).BaseStream 'Allocate space in buffer according to the length of the file read Dim buffer(streamObj.Length) As Byte 'Fill buffer streamObj.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length) streamObj.Close() 'File Stream object used to change the extension of a file Dim compFile As System.IO.FileStream = File.Create(Path.ChangeExtension(FileName, "zip")) 'GZip object that compress the file Dim zipStreamObj As New GZipStream(compFile, CompressionMode.Compress) 'Write to the Stream object from the buffer zipStreamObj.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length) zipStreamObj.Close() End Sub please I need to compress the file without loosing file extension inside compressed file. thanks,

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• How can I specify the Owner of component read from a Delphi TStream?

  - by Roddy

  I'm reading a component from a stream, and want to be able to specify the Owner property. var TComponent : comp; stream.Seek(0, soFromBeginning); comp := stream.ReadComponent(nil); Who owns comp, and how can I change it? I'd hoped the parameter to readComponent would be the owner, but it seems to do something totally different!

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• EMbed a video inside content

  - by Aruna

  Hi, I am working on Joomla currently for the past one month. I am trying to embed a video stream in my article page like inside the content i am trying to have video stream like youtube video. I have uploaded a video in my media manager. And i dono how to stream that video in my page. Please help me in doing so..

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• Is there anyway to create live streaming Server using WCF? (see specification below)

  - by Ole Jak

  Is there any way to create live streaming Server using WCF? I need it to have simple structure: it should listen to some url format like http://example.com/service/stream?write&id=ANY_STRING and if any data comes to such address format it'll start making it avaliable by something like this http://example.com/service/stream?read&id=ANY_STRING Main thing here to be able to stream live data thru WCF service not buffering it just sharing stream. I need code examples or OpenSource projects. So can please any one help me with such idea? I think not only I have seen such problem with WCF alot on different sites so answer will help the WCF comunyty alot. I hope.

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• twitter streaming api instead of search api

  - by user1711576

  I am using twitters search API to view all the tweets that use a particular hashtag I want to view. However, I want to use the stream function, so, I only get recent ones, and so, I can then store them. <?php global $total, $hashtag; $hashtag = $_POST['hash']; $total = 0; function getTweets($hash_tag, $page) { global $total, $hashtag; $url = 'http://search.twitter.com/search.json?q='.urlencode($hash_tag).'&'; $url .= 'page='.$page; $ch = curl_init($url); curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE); $json = curl_exec ($ch); curl_close ($ch); echo "<pre>"; $json_decode = json_decode($json); print_r($json_decode->results); $json_decode = json_decode($json); $total += count($json_decode->results); if($json_decode->next_page){ $temp = explode("&",$json_decode->next_page); $p = explode("=",$temp[0]); getTweets($hashtag,$p[1]); } } getTweets($hashtag,1); echo $total; ?> The above code is what I have been using to search for the tweets I want. What do I need to do to change it so I can stream the tweets instead? I know I would have to use the stream url https://api.twitter.com/1.1/search/tweets.json , but what do I need to change after that is where I don't know what to do. Obviously, I know I'll need to write the database sql but I want to just capture the stream first and view it. How would I do this? Is the code I have been using not any good for just capturing the stream?

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• Video recording in iPhone

  - by Timmi

  Hi, How can i get the video stream from the iPhone camera. I am working to stream live video from the iPhone. How can i do this. Ustream app is doing this. Does any body know how Ustream app stream video. Are they using UIGetScreenImage() method to get live images. If so how we can mix audio to the images and make video stream. If any one have any idea regarding Streaming video from iPhone Please share. Thanks,

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• An object reference is required for the non-static field, method, or property using global variable

  - by Jose Cardama

  Hello Iam working in a global int in which a variable will be used later. I've made the global variable like this: class Foo { public static int stream = Bass.BASS_StreamCreateFile(path1.Text, 0, 0, BASSFlag.BASS_DEFAULT); } which will be later called like this: Foo.stream and it can also contain more then 1 stream for example stream20,30,etc... The problem here is that it returns me this error: "An object reference is required for the non-static field, method, or property" where I call the text in path1.Text How do I fix this?

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• C# Flash ActiveX - Recording

  - by Dremation

  I wrote an application that monitors live streams from various sites. The application has done well but theres a feature that is highly requested. And that's the ability to record the stream. I'm current using the Adobe Flash ActiveX control to stream the videos from the various sites. IS there a way to record the stream? Whether it be with Flash ActiveX or another framework/control that you may know of.

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• Clearcase and java process : changing view does not apply

  - by user1432310

  i have a simple application, which receives input from a user for a CC stream name, and is suppose to return the content of a specific file from this stream repository. I have tried doing this using a simple shell script: user enters stream name, java receives stream name, runs a process which runs a script "myccscript.sh" which contains "myinput=$1; cleartool setview $myinput" (or something like that). then i try reading the file and printing it's content in the java side. BUT, after the process is finished - the view is not the view from the user input - that environment was probably only valid for the process Ive created. how do i change the clearcase view to the main java process? Thanks!

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• is there any Simple opensource live audio streaming Server using WCF? (see specification below)

  - by Ole Jak

  is there any Simple opensource live audio streaming Server using WCF? I need it to have simple structure: it should listen to some url format like http://example.com/service/stream?write&id=ANY_STRING and if any data comes to such address format it'll start making it avaliable by something like this http://example.com/service/stream?read&id=ANY_STRING Main thing here to be able to stream live data thru WCF service not buffering it just sharing stream. So can please any one help me with such idea? I think not only I have seen such problem with WCF alot on different sites so answer will help the WCF comunyty alot. I hope. BTW: I know some people say WCF is not prepared for live streaming over bacikHTTPbinding but hey! We all need it to, and we ask MS alot so some day they'll make it beter and we all want to be prepared for it.

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• Do private classes need to be accessed by properties?

  - by Andy

  I am using an instance of a private class as the state object supplied to a stream.BeginRead operation. (The class is private to my main stream reading/writing class.) public class MainClass { // ... private class ResponseState { public IResponse response; public Stream stream; public byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; } } Access to the class is via the fields directly. Should I really be providing access to the class via properties in this case, even though it is only to be used for holding state? Interested to know what others do.

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• How can i get more than one jpg. or txt file from any folder?

  - by Phsika

  Dear Sirs; i have two Application to listen network Stream : Server.cs on the other hand; send file Client.cs. But i want to send more files on a stream from any folder. For example. i have C:/folder whish has got 3 jpg files. My client must run. Also My server.cs get files on stream: Client.cs: private void btn_send2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string[] paths= null; paths= System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(@"C:\folder" + @"\", "*.jpg", System.IO.SearchOption.AllDirectories); byte[] Dizi; TcpClient Gonder = new TcpClient("127.0.0.1", 51124); FileStream Dosya; FileInfo Dos; NetworkStream Akis; foreach (string path in paths) { Dosya = new FileStream(path , FileMode.OpenOrCreate); Dos = new FileInfo(path ); Dizi = new byte[(int)Dos.Length]; Dosya.Read(Dizi, 0, (int)Dos.Length); Akis = Gonder.GetStream(); Akis.Write(Dizi, 0, (int)Dosya.Length); Gonder.Close(); Akis.Flush(); Dosya.Close(); } } Also i have Server.cs void Dinle() { TcpListener server = null; try { Int32 port = 51124; IPAddress localAddr = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"); server = new TcpListener(localAddr, port); server.Start(); Byte[] bytes = new Byte[1024 * 250000]; // string ReceivedPath = "C:/recieved"; while (true) { MessageBox.Show("Waiting for a connection... "); TcpClient client = server.AcceptTcpClient(); MessageBox.Show("Connected!"); NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream(); if (stream.CanRead) { saveFileDialog1.ShowDialog(); // burasi degisecek string pathfolder = saveFileDialog1.FileName; StreamWriter yaz = new StreamWriter(pathfolder); string satir; StreamReader oku = new StreamReader(stream); while ((satir = oku.ReadLine()) != null) { satir = satir + (char)13 + (char)10; yaz.WriteLine(satir); } oku.Close(); yaz.Close(); client.Close(); } } } catch (SocketException e) { Console.WriteLine("SocketException: {0}", e); } finally { // Stop listening for new clients. server.Stop(); } Console.WriteLine("\nHit enter to continue..."); Console.Read(); } Please look Client.cs: icollected all files from "c:\folder" paths= System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(@"C:\folder" + @"\", "*.jpg", System.IO.SearchOption.AllDirectories); My Server.cs how to get all files from stream?

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• Need help making this code more efficient

  - by Rendicahya

  I always use this method to easily read the content of a file. Is it efficient enough? Is 1024 good for the buffer size? public static String read(File file) { FileInputStream stream = null; StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder(); try { stream = new FileInputStream(file); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { } FileChannel channel = stream.getChannel(); ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024); try { while (channel.read(buffer) != -1) { buffer.flip(); while (buffer.hasRemaining()) { str.append((char) buffer.get()); } buffer.rewind(); } } catch (IOException e) { } finally { try { channel.close(); stream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { } } return str.toString(); }

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• How to port real time video service by FMS from PC to mobile phone(symbian,android,iphone)?

  - by wamp

  Now I've set up the flash application to work in to stage: the uploading stage: uploading the stream from pc A's camera to FMS play stage: watch the real time stream from PC B's browser I want to make stage 2 work on mobile phones too. But currently it's using flash(actionscript) to connect and play the stream, which is not supported out of the box. How to port this kind of application to mobile phones?

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• Unzip a memorystream (Contains the zip file) and get the files

  - by user1621791

  I have a memory stream that contains a zip file in byte[] format . Is there any way I can unzip this memory stream, without any need of writing the file to disk ? In general I am using ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.Zip.FastZip to unzip a file , But any way to unzip a memory stream ? and store the files in another memorystream or in byte[] format according to the files/folders present in the zip ? Any way I can use the Memorymapped files feature in this scenario ?

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• Count of Distinct Int32 Values in .NET

  - by Eric J.

  I am receiving a stream of unordered Int32 values and need to track the count of distinct values that I receive. My thought is to add the Int32 values into a HashSet<Int32>. Duplicate entries will simply not be added per the behavior of HashSet. Do I understand correctly that set membership is based on GetHashCode() and that the hash code of an Int32 is the number itself? Is there an approach that is either more CPU or more memory efficient? UPDATE The data stream is rather large. Simply using Linq to iterate the stream to get the distinct count is not what I'm after, since that would involve iterating the stream a second time.

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• Creating a JSONP Formatter for ASP.NET Web API

  - by Rick Strahl

  Out of the box ASP.NET WebAPI does not include a JSONP formatter, but it's actually very easy to create a custom formatter that implements this functionality. JSONP is one way to allow Browser based JavaScript client applications to bypass cross-site scripting limitations and serve data from the non-current Web server. AJAX in Web Applications uses the XmlHttp object which by default doesn't allow access to remote domains. There are number of ways around this limitation <script> tag loading and JSONP is one of the easiest and semi-official ways that you can do this. JSONP works by combining JSON data and wrapping it into a function call that is executed when the JSONP data is returned. If you use a tool like jQUery it's extremely easy to access JSONP content. Imagine that you have a URL like this: http://RemoteDomain/aspnetWebApi/albums which on an HTTP GET serves some data - in this case an array of record albums. This URL is always directly accessible from an AJAX request if the URL is on the same domain as the parent request. However, if that URL lives on a separate server it won't be easily accessible to an AJAX request. Now, if  the server can serve up JSONP this data can be accessed cross domain from a browser client. Using jQuery it's really easy to retrieve the same data with JSONP:function getAlbums() { $.getJSON("http://remotedomain/aspnetWebApi/albums?callback=?",null, function (albums) { alert(albums.length); }); } The resulting callback the same as if the call was to a local server when the data is returned. jQuery deserializes the data and feeds it into the method. Here the array is received and I simply echo back the number of items returned. From here your app is ready to use the data as needed. This all works fine - as long as the server can serve the data with JSONP. What does JSONP look like? JSONP is a pretty simple 'protocol'. All it does is wrap a JSON response with a JavaScript function call. The above result from the JSONP call looks like this:Query17103401925975181569_1333408916499( [{"Id":"34043957","AlbumName":"Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap",…},{…}] ) The way JSONP works is that the client (jQuery in this case) sends of the request, receives the response and evals it. The eval basically executes the function and deserializes the JSON inside of the function. It's actually a little more complex for the framework that does this, but that's the gist of what happens. JSONP works by executing the code that gets returned from the JSONP call. JSONP and ASP.NET Web API As mentioned previously, JSONP support is not natively in the box with ASP.NET Web API. But it's pretty easy to create and plug-in a custom formatter that provides this functionality. The following code is based on Christian Weyers example but has been updated to the latest Web API CodePlex bits, which changes the implementation a bit due to the way dependent objects are exposed differently in the latest builds. Here's the code:  using System; using System.IO; using System.Net; using System.Net.Http.Formatting; using System.Net.Http.Headers; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Web; using System.Net.Http; namespace Westwind.Web.WebApi { /// <summary> /// Handles JsonP requests when requests are fired with /// text/javascript or application/json and contain /// a callback= (configurable) query string parameter /// /// Based on Christian Weyers implementation /// https://github.com/thinktecture/Thinktecture.Web.Http/blob/master/Thinktecture.Web.Http/Formatters/JsonpFormatter.cs /// </summary> public class JsonpFormatter : JsonMediaTypeFormatter { public JsonpFormatter() { SupportedMediaTypes.Add(new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json")); SupportedMediaTypes.Add(new MediaTypeHeaderValue("text/javascript")); //MediaTypeMappings.Add(new UriPathExtensionMapping("jsonp", "application/json")); JsonpParameterName = "callback"; } /// <summary> /// Name of the query string parameter to look for /// the jsonp function name /// </summary> public string JsonpParameterName {get; set; } /// <summary> /// Captured name of the Jsonp function that the JSON call /// is wrapped in. Set in GetPerRequestFormatter Instance /// </summary> private string JsonpCallbackFunction; public override bool CanWriteType(Type type) { return true; } /// <summary> /// Override this method to capture the Request object /// and look for the query string parameter and /// create a new instance of this formatter. /// /// This is the only place in a formatter where the /// Request object is available. /// </summary> /// <param name="type"></param> /// <param name="request"></param> /// <param name="mediaType"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override MediaTypeFormatter GetPerRequestFormatterInstance(Type type, HttpRequestMessage request, MediaTypeHeaderValue mediaType) { var formatter = new JsonpFormatter() { JsonpCallbackFunction = GetJsonCallbackFunction(request) }; return formatter; } /// <summary> /// Override to wrap existing JSON result with the /// JSONP function call /// </summary> /// <param name="type"></param> /// <param name="value"></param> /// <param name="stream"></param> /// <param name="contentHeaders"></param> /// <param name="transportContext"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override Task WriteToStreamAsync(Type type, object value, Stream stream, HttpContentHeaders contentHeaders, TransportContext transportContext) { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(JsonpCallbackFunction)) { return Task.Factory.StartNew(() => { var writer = new StreamWriter(stream); writer.Write( JsonpCallbackFunction + "("); writer.Flush(); base.WriteToStreamAsync(type, value, stream, contentHeaders, transportContext).Wait(); writer.Write(")"); writer.Flush(); }); } else { return base.WriteToStreamAsync(type, value, stream, contentHeaders, transportContext); } } /// <summary> /// Retrieves the Jsonp Callback function /// from the query string /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> private string GetJsonCallbackFunction(HttpRequestMessage request) { if (request.Method != HttpMethod.Get) return null; var query = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(request.RequestUri.Query); var queryVal = query[this.JsonpParameterName]; if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(queryVal)) return null; return queryVal; } } } Note again that this code will not work with the Beta bits of Web API - it works only with post beta bits from CodePlex and hopefully this will continue to work until RTM :-) This code is a bit different from Christians original code as the API has changed. The biggest change is that the Read/Write functions no longer receive a global context object that gives access to the Request and Response objects as the older bits did. Instead you now have to override the GetPerRequestFormatterInstance() method, which receives the Request as a parameter. You can capture the Request there, or use the request to pick up the values you need and store them on the formatter. Note that I also have to create a new instance of the formatter since I'm storing request specific state on the instance (information whether the callback= querystring is present) so I return a new instance of this formatter. Other than that the code should be straight forward: The code basically writes out the function pre- and post-amble and the defers to the base stream to retrieve the JSON to wrap the function call into. The code uses the Async APIs to write this data out (this will take some getting used to seeing all over the place for me). Hooking up the JsonpFormatter Once you've created a formatter, it has to be added to the request processing sequence by adding it to the formatter collection. Web API is configured via the static GlobalConfiguration object.  protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Verb Routing RouteTable.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "AlbumsVerbs", routeTemplate: "albums/{title}", defaults: new { title = RouteParameter.Optional, controller = "AlbumApi" } ); GlobalConfiguration .Configuration .Formatters .Insert(0, new Westwind.Web.WebApi.JsonpFormatter()); }   That's all it takes. Note that I added the formatter at the top of the list of formatters, rather than adding it to the end which is required. The JSONP formatter needs to fire before any other JSON formatter since it relies on the JSON formatter to encode the actual JSON data. If you reverse the order the JSONP output never shows up. So, in general when adding new formatters also try to be aware of the order of the formatters as they are added. Resources JsonpFormatter Code on GitHub© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in Web Api   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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• Optimizing AES modes on Solaris for Intel Westmere

  - by danx

  Optimizing AES modes on Solaris for Intel Westmere Review AES is a strong method of symmetric (secret-key) encryption. It is a U.S. FIPS-approved cryptographic algorithm (FIPS 197) that operates on 16-byte blocks. AES has been available since 2001 and is widely used. However, AES by itself has a weakness. AES encryption isn't usually used by itself because identical blocks of plaintext are always encrypted into identical blocks of ciphertext. This encryption can be easily attacked with "dictionaries" of common blocks of text and allows one to more-easily discern the content of the unknown cryptotext. This mode of encryption is called "Electronic Code Book" (ECB), because one in theory can keep a "code book" of all known cryptotext and plaintext results to cipher and decipher AES. In practice, a complete "code book" is not practical, even in electronic form, but large dictionaries of common plaintext blocks is still possible. Here's a diagram of encrypting input data using AES ECB mode: Block 1 Block 2 PlainTextInput PlainTextInput | | | | \/ \/ AESKey-->(AES Encryption) AESKey-->(AES Encryption) | | | | \/ \/ CipherTextOutput CipherTextOutput Block 1 Block 2 What's the solution to the same cleartext input producing the same ciphertext output? The solution is to further process the encrypted or decrypted text in such a way that the same text produces different output. This usually involves an Initialization Vector (IV) and XORing the decrypted or encrypted text. As an example, I'll illustrate CBC mode encryption: Block 1 Block 2 PlainTextInput PlainTextInput | | | | \/ \/ IV >----->(XOR) +------------->(XOR) +---> . . . . | | | | | | | | \/ | \/ | AESKey-->(AES Encryption) | AESKey-->(AES Encryption) | | | | | | | | | \/ | \/ | CipherTextOutput ------+ CipherTextOutput -------+ Block 1 Block 2 The steps for CBC encryption are: Start with a 16-byte Initialization Vector (IV), choosen randomly. XOR the IV with the first block of input plaintext Encrypt the result with AES using a user-provided key. The result is the first 16-bytes of output cryptotext. Use the cryptotext (instead of the IV) of the previous block to XOR with the next input block of plaintext Another mode besides CBC is Counter Mode (CTR). As with CBC mode, it also starts with a 16-byte IV. However, for subsequent blocks, the IV is just incremented by one. Also, the IV ix XORed with the AES encryption result (not the plain text input). Here's an illustration: Block 1 Block 2 PlainTextInput PlainTextInput | | | | \/ \/ AESKey-->(AES Encryption) AESKey-->(AES Encryption) | | | | \/ \/ IV >----->(XOR) IV + 1 >---->(XOR) IV + 2 ---> . . . . | | | | \/ \/ CipherTextOutput CipherTextOutput Block 1 Block 2 Optimization Which of these modes can be parallelized? ECB encryption/decryption can be parallelized because it does more than plain AES encryption and decryption, as mentioned above. CBC encryption can't be parallelized because it depends on the output of the previous block. However, CBC decryption can be parallelized because all the encrypted blocks are known at the beginning. CTR encryption and decryption can be parallelized because the input to each block is known--it's just the IV incremented by one for each subsequent block. So, in summary, for ECB, CBC, and CTR modes, encryption and decryption can be parallelized with the exception of CBC encryption. How do we parallelize encryption? By interleaving. Usually when reading and writing data there are pipeline "stalls" (idle processor cycles) that result from waiting for memory to be loaded or stored to or from CPU registers. Since the software is written to encrypt/decrypt the next data block where pipeline stalls usually occurs, we can avoid stalls and crypt with fewer cycles. This software processes 4 blocks at a time, which ensures virtually no waiting ("stalling") for reading or writing data in memory. Other Optimizations Besides interleaving, other optimizations performed are Loading the entire key schedule into the 128-bit %xmm registers. This is done once for per 4-block of data (since 4 blocks of data is processed, when present). The following is loaded: the entire "key schedule" (user input key preprocessed for encryption and decryption). This takes 11, 13, or 15 registers, for AES-128, AES-192, and AES-256, respectively The input data is loaded into another %xmm register The same register contains the output result after encrypting/decrypting Using SSSE 4 instructions (AESNI). Besides the aesenc, aesenclast, aesdec, aesdeclast, aeskeygenassist, and aesimc AESNI instructions, Intel has several other instructions that operate on the 128-bit %xmm registers. Some common instructions for encryption are: pxor exclusive or (very useful), movdqu load/store a %xmm register from/to memory, pshufb shuffle bytes for byte swapping, pclmulqdq carry-less multiply for GCM mode Combining AES encryption/decryption with CBC or CTR modes processing. Instead of loading input data twice (once for AES encryption/decryption, and again for modes (CTR or CBC, for example) processing, the input data is loaded once as both AES and modes operations occur at in the same function Performance Everyone likes pretty color charts, so here they are. I ran these on Solaris 11 running on a Piketon Platform system with a 4-core Intel Clarkdale processor @3.20GHz. Clarkdale which is part of the Westmere processor architecture family. The "before" case is Solaris 11, unmodified. Keep in mind that the "before" case already has been optimized with hand-coded Intel AESNI assembly. The "after" case has combined AES-NI and mode instructions, interleaved 4 blocks at-a-time. « For the first table, lower is better (milliseconds). The first table shows the performance improvement using the Solaris encrypt(1) and decrypt(1) CLI commands. I encrypted and decrypted a 1/2 GByte file on /tmp (swap tmpfs). Encryption improved by about 40% and decryption improved by about 80%. AES-128 is slighty faster than AES-256, as expected. The second table shows more detail timings for CBC, CTR, and ECB modes for the 3 AES key sizes and different data lengths. » The results shown are the percentage improvement as shown by an internal PKCS#11 microbenchmark. And keep in mind the previous baseline code already had optimized AESNI assembly! The keysize (AES-128, 192, or 256) makes little difference in relative percentage improvement (although, of course, AES-128 is faster than AES-256). Larger data sizes show better improvement than 128-byte data. Availability This software is in Solaris 11 FCS. It is available in the 64-bit libcrypto library and the "aes" Solaris kernel module. You must be running hardware that supports AESNI (for example, Intel Westmere and Sandy Bridge, microprocessor architectures). The easiest way to determine if AES-NI is available is with the isainfo(1) command. For example, $ isainfo -v 64-bit amd64 applications pclmulqdq aes sse4.2 sse4.1 ssse3 popcnt tscp ahf cx16 sse3 sse2 sse fxsr mmx cmov amd_sysc cx8 tsc fpu 32-bit i386 applications pclmulqdq aes sse4.2 sse4.1 ssse3 popcnt tscp ahf cx16 sse3 sse2 sse fxsr mmx cmov sep cx8 tsc fpu No special configuration or setup is needed to take advantage of this software. Solaris libraries and kernel automatically determine if it's running on AESNI-capable machines and execute the correctly-tuned software for the current microprocessor. Summary Maximum throughput of AES cipher modes can be achieved by combining AES encryption with modes processing, interleaving encryption of 4 blocks at a time, and using Intel's wide 128-bit %xmm registers and instructions. References "Block cipher modes of operation", Wikipedia Good overview of AES modes (ECB, CBC, CTR, etc.) "Advanced Encryption Standard", Wikipedia "Current Modes" describes NIST-approved block cipher modes (ECB,CBC, CFB, OFB, CCM, GCM)

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• Why does Google mark one e-mail as spam while does not the other?

  - by nKn

  I've a Postfix installation which works fine, I don't get any trouble with mails sent through a mail client (in my case, Thunderbird or RoundCube) when the To: address is a GMail account. However, I recently needed to use the PHPMailer tool to send some e-mails to some GMail accounts, so I configured an account to be used via SASL authentication + TLS. I don't mean mass mailing, just 2-3 mails. If I send the e-mail from the Thunderbird or RoundCube clients, the mail is not marked as spam. However, if I use PHPMailer, it always gets catalogued as spam. So I compared both headers and I just can't find the reason why the second is marked as spam while the first one is just ok. The first header sent from a mail client which is not marked as spam: Delivered-To: [email protected] Received: by 10.76.153.102 with SMTP id vf6csp230573oab; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 11:08:19 -0700 (PDT) X-Received: by 10.60.23.39 with SMTP id j7mr45544050oef.20.1408471699715; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 11:08:19 -0700 (PDT) Return-Path: <[email protected]> Received: from mail.mydomain.com (X.ip-92-222-X.eu. [92.222.X.X]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id t5si27115082oej.10.2014.08.19.11.08.18 for <[email protected]> (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128); Tue, 19 Aug 2014 11:08:19 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 92.222.X.X as permitted sender) client-ip=92.222.X.X; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 92.222.X.X as permitted sender) [email protected]; dkim=pass (test mode) [email protected] Received: by mail.mydomain.com (Postfix, from userid 111) id D8F69120293D; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 19:08:17 +0100 (BST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mydomain.com; s=mail; t=1408471697; bh=wKMX9gkQ7tCLv8ezrG5t4bICm/SSLQsNfTdZMToksWw=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:From; b=qRNcYVdmk+n3D1uuv0FInTx7/LzH2ojck9DgCmabFPvfke233lkojUOjezCUGx7iV DL8EayZ28mzzzHpB7ETeMzop/5OS3BmvFtGKVD9gzc78cDIFXTDoRFAnkRWDR2IOxI SOn5tiyODTFpkbDgJOndzQ6qL5K0S9ASNGCZrNL4= X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on vpsX.ovh.net X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.0 required=3.0 tests=ALL_TRUSTED,T_DKIM_INVALID autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from [192.168.1.111] (unknown [77.231.X.X]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) (Authenticated sender: [email protected]) by mail.mydomain.com (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 910341202624 for <[email protected]>; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 19:08:17 +0100 (BST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mydomain.com; s=mail; t=1408471697; bh=wKMX9gkQ7tCLv8ezrG5t4bICm/SSLQsNfTdZMToksWw=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:From; b=qRNcYVdmk+n3D1uuv0FInTx7/LzH2ojck9DgCmabFPvfke233lkojUOjezCUGx7iV DL8EayZ28mzzzHpB7ETeMzop/5OS3BmvFtGKVD9gzc78cDIFXTDoRFAnkRWDR2IOxI SOn5tiyODTFpkbDgJOndzQ6qL5K0S9ASNGCZrNL4= Message-ID: <[email protected]> Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2014 19:08:24 +0100 From: My Name <[email protected]> User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/24.6.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 To: My other account <[email protected]> Subject: . Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit . The second header sent from PHPMailer which is always marked as spam: Delivered-To: [email protected] Received: by 10.76.153.102 with SMTP id vf6csp230832oab; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 11:12:10 -0700 (PDT) X-Received: by 10.60.121.67 with SMTP id li3mr44086252oeb.17.1408471930520; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 11:12:10 -0700 (PDT) Return-Path: <[email protected]> Received: from mail.mydomain.com (X.ip-92-222-X.eu. [92.222.X.X]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id w8si27103806obn.30.2014.08.19.11.12.10 for <[email protected]> (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128); Tue, 19 Aug 2014 11:12:10 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 92.222.X.X as permitted sender) client-ip=92.222.X.X; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 92.222.X.X as permitted sender) [email protected]; dkim=pass (test mode) [email protected] Received: by mail.mydomain.com (Postfix, from userid 111) id 1999D120293D; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 19:12:09 +0100 (BST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mydomain.com; s=mail; t=1408471929; bh=N1JuHq1S+8GrjHcEK3xn8P1JS+ygEBv5LKe0BiXuVJo=; h=Date:To:From:Reply-to:Subject:From; b=K7tcPyArzSTY91VEw6mAAFtDurSGwgTLGkfUZdC5mqsg0g/1LzmZkgwdjj4NdJa6M E2kDz3dwYN8FcZmbampJYFXxj4NQVtSnzjiWV40rpfOFqD2rXDGNIyB2QOjBZZ4WK3 7s4lyoJ/BrdQH4en8ctLVsDHed/KpHD4iGFEl67E= X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on vpsX.ovh.net X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.0 required=3.0 tests=ALL_TRUSTED,T_DKIM_INVALID autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from rpi.mydomain.com (unknown [77.231.X.X]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) (Authenticated sender: [email protected]) by mail.mydomain.com (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id B42AF1202624 for <[email protected]>; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 19:12:08 +0100 (BST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mydomain.com; s=mail; t=1408471928; bh=N1JuHq1S+8GrjHcEK3xn8P1JS+ygEBv5LKe0BiXuVJo=; h=Date:To:From:Reply-to:Subject:From; b=iXPM0tS36swudPTT4FOHHtPi5Ll6LbR60kNqCinZ8utcWoFE31SFTpoMEq5aCM5ux wQMdFiN8c6vkjRGabmvqFTTIbwJsrToHo/4+Lt5HEBoQQE2Y3T+xGmnmGAHCS6stKB yb7SVmtrIAsVtSMKA8VYIbmu2oYqV3afYt7g0OMQ= Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2014 20:12:07 +0200 To: [email protected] From: Trying another account <[email protected]> Reply-to: Trying another account <[email protected]> Subject: . Message-ID: <[email protected]> X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: PHPMailer 5.1 (phpmailer.sourceforge.net) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" . I also tried: Adding a User-Agent header to match the first one. Removing the X-Mailer header. No one of them made a difference. Is there some significant difference which is making the second e-mail to be marked as spam by Google?

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• mod_mono 'Service Temporarily Unavailable' issue

  - by Charlie Somerville

  I've deployed an ASP.NET web application on a Linux (Debian) server running Apache 2.2 and mod_mono 1.9 It's working well, however Mono occasionally segfaults and uses the entire CPU which causes the website to stop working and display 'Service Temporarily Unavailable' Killing mono fixes it, but obviously this isn't a good solution. I tailed the system log after this happened and I saw the following error messages from the kernel: Apr 20 01:49:37 charliesomerville kernel: [1596436.204158] mono[17909]: segfault at b645f671 ip b645f671 sp b4ffb604 error 4<6>mono[19047]: segfault at b645f66e ip b645f66e sp b4bf7604 error 4<6>mono[18017]: segfault at b645f66e ip b645f66e sp b52fe604 error 4<6>mono[19668]: segfault at b645f5e6 ip b645f5e6 sp b48f4604 error 4<6>mono[22565]: segfault at b645f674 ip b645f674 sp b45f1604 error 4<6>mono[17700]: segfault at b645f661 ip b645f661 sp b51fd604 error 4<6>mono[19596]: segfault at b645f5e6 ip b645f5e6 sp b49f5604 error 4 Apr 20 01:49:37 charliesomerville kernel: [1596436.208172] mono[23219]: segfault at b645f66e ip b645f66e sp b44f0604 error 4 At the end of Apache's error.log are the following errors: [Tue Apr 20 03:10:23 2010] [error] (70014)End of file found: read_data failed [Tue Apr 20 03:10:23 2010] [error] Command stream corrupted, last command was 1 [Tue Apr 20 03:10:23 2010] [error] Command stream corrupted, last command was 1 [Tue Apr 20 03:10:23 2010] [error] Command stream corrupted, last command was 1 System.ArgumentNullException: null key Parameter name: key at System.Collections.Hashtable.get_Item (System.Object key) [0x00000] at System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationCallbacks.GetSerializationCallbacks (System.Type t) [0x00000] at System.Runtime.Serialization.ObjectManager.RaiseOnDeserializingEvent (System.Object obj) [0x00000] at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.ObjectReader.ReadObjectContent (System.IO.BinaryReader reader, System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.TypeMetadata metadata, Int64 objectId, System.Object& objectInstance, System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo& info) [0x00000] at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.ObjectReader.ReadObjectInstance (System.IO.BinaryReader reader, Boolean isRuntimeObject, Boolean hasTypeInfo, System.Int64& objectId, System.Object& value, System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo& info) [0x00000] at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.ObjectReader.ReadObject (BinaryElement element, System.IO.BinaryReader reader, System.Int64& objectId, System.Object& value, System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo& info) [0x00000] at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.ObjectReader.ReadNextObject (System.IO.BinaryReader reader) [0x00000] at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.ObjectReader.ReadObjectGraph (System.IO.BinaryReader reader, Boolean readHeaders, System.Object& result, System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.Header[]& headers) [0x00000] at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter.NoCheckDeserialize (System.IO.Stream serializationStream, System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.HeaderHandler handler) [0x00000] at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter.Deserialize (System.IO.Stream serializationStream) [0x00000] at System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.CADSerializer.DeserializeObject (System.IO.MemoryStream mem) [0x00000] at System.Runtime.Remoting.RemotingServices.GetDomainProxy (System.AppDomain domain) [0x00000] at System.AppDomain.CreateDomain (System.String friendlyName, System.Security.Policy.Evidence securityInfo, System.AppDomainSetup info) [0x00000] at System.Web.Hosting.ApplicationHost.CreateApplicationHost (System.Type hostType, System.String virtualDir, System.String physicalDir) [0x00000] at Mono.WebServer.VPathToHost.CreateHost (Mono.WebServer.ApplicationServer server, Mono.WebServer.WebSource webSource) [0x00000] at Mono.WebServer.ApplicationServer.GetApplicationForPath (System.String vhost, Int32 port, System.String path, Boolean defaultToRoot) [0x00000] at (wrapper remoting-invoke-with-check) Mono.WebServer.ApplicationServer:GetApplicationForPath (string,int,string,bool) at Mono.WebServer.ModMonoWorker.GetOrCreateApplication (System.String vhost, Int32 port, System.String filepath, System.String virt) [0x00000] at Mono.WebServer.ModMonoWorker.InnerRun (System.Object state) [0x00000] at Mono.WebServer.ModMonoWorker.Run (System.Object state) [0x00000] [Tue Apr 20 03:10:26 2010] [error] (70014)End of file found: read_data failed [Tue Apr 20 03:10:26 2010] [error] Command stream corrupted, last command was -1 Along with the above errors, Apache's error.log is packed with hundreds (if not thousands) of the following error: Maximum number (20) of concurrent mod_mono requests to /tmp/mod_mono_dashboard_default_2.lock reached. Droping request. At the moment, I'm thinking there might be something wrong with configuration here (it's basically running on out-of-the-box config)

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• Motion - can't get streaming working from a webcam

  - by Emmanuel Brunet

  I'm trying to record a video stream from my Tenvis IP camera with motion 3.2.12 on Debian 7.5. I used the standard debian package with sudo apt-get install motion Assume my DNS IP cam is webcam, user : admin, password : password /etc/motion/motion.conf Bellow are my configuration file settings : netcam_url http://webcam/videostream.cgi netcam_userpass admin:password target_dir /media/videos/log/motion # The mini-http server listens to this port for requests (default: 0 = disabled) webcam_port 1234 ffmpeg_cap_new on ffmpeg_video_codec mpeg4 output_motion off snapshot_interval 0 # Quality of the jpeg (in percent) images produced (default: 50) webcam_quality 50 # Output frames at 1 fps when no motion is detected and increase to the # rate given by webcam_maxrate when motion is detected (default: off) webcam_motion on # Maximum framerate for webcam streams (default: 1) webcam_maxrate 15 # Restrict webcam connections to localhost only (default: on) webcam_localhost on # Limits the number of images per connection (default: 0 = unlimited) # Number can be defined by multiplying actual webcam rate by desired number of seconds # Actual webcam rate is the smallest of the numbers framerate and webcam_maxrate webcam_limit 0 control_port 8080 control_authentication admin:password Issue #1 when I try display http:/localhost:1234 the browser looks frozen, no HTTP 404 received but it stills waiting for data it seems .. Issue #2 in the output directory motion writes a lot of jpeg snapshots althought I just want to have several video sequenced files. Log I run motion in interactive mode in a terminal, here is the ouput root@mercure:/etc/motion# motion -c motion-1.0.conf [0] Processing thread 0 - config file motion-1.0.conf [0] Motion 3.2.12 Started [0] ffmpeg LIBAVCODEC_BUILD 3482368 LIBAVFORMAT_BUILD 3478785 [0] Thread 1 is from motion-1.0.conf [0] motion-httpd/3.2.12 running, accepting connections [0] motion-httpd: waiting for data on port TCP 8080 [1] Thread 1 started [1] Resizing pre_capture buffer to 1 items [1] Started stream webcam server in port 1234 [1] avcodec_open - could not open codec: Operation now in progress [1] ffopen_open error creating (new) file [~/tmp/motion/01-20140603165303.avi]: Operation now in progress [1] File of type 1 saved to: ~/tmp/motion/01-20140603165303-01.jpg [1] Thread exiting [1] Calling vid_close() from motion_cleanup [1] vid_close: calling netcam_cleanup [1] netcam camera handler: finish set, exiting [0] Motion thread 1 restart [1] Thread 1 started [1] Resizing pre_capture buffer to 1 items [1] Started stream webcam server in port 1234 [1] avcodec_open - could not open codec: Resource temporarily unavailable [1] ffopen_open error creating (new) file [~/tmp/motion/01-20140603165329.avi]: Resource temporarily unavailable [1] File of type 1 saved to: ~/tmp/motion/01-20140603165329-00.jpg [1] Thread exiting [1] Calling vid_close() from motion_cleanup [1] vid_close: calling netcam_cleanup [1] netcam camera handler: finish set, exiting [0] Motion thread 1 restart [1] Thread 1 started [1] Resizing pre_capture buffer to 1 items [1] Started stream webcam server in port 1234 [1] avcodec_open - could not open codec: Connection reset by peer [1] ffopen_open error creating (new) file [~/tmp/motion/01-20140603165355.avi]: Connection reset by peer [1] File of type 1 saved to: ~/tmp/motion/01-20140603165355-06.jpg [1] Thread exiting [1] Calling vid_close() from motion_cleanup [1] vid_close: calling netcam_cleanup [0] httpd - Finishing [0] httpd Closing [0] httpd thread exit [1] netcam camera handler: finish set, exiting [0] Motion thread 1 restart [1] Thread 1 started [1] Resizing pre_capture buffer to 1 items [1] Started stream webcam server in port 1234 It doesn't find the codec ... avcodec_open - could not open codec: Operation now in progress I've changed fmpeg_video_codec from mpeg4 to swf the result is the same. When using flv format motion writes a lot of .jpg image but I can't see anything at http://localhost:1234 [1] File of type 1 saved to: ~/tmp/motion/01-20140603171035-00.jpg [1] File of type 1 saved to: ~/tmp/motion/01-20140603171035-01.jpg [1] File of type 1 saved to: ~/tmp/motion/01-20140603171035-02.jpg [1] File of type 1 saved to: ~/tmp/motion/01-20140603171035-03.jpg [1] File of type 1 saved to: ~/tmp/motion/01-20140603171035-04.jpg [1] File of type 1 saved to: ~/tmp/motion/01-20140603171035-05.jpg [1] File of type 1 saved to: ~/tmp/motion/01-20140603171035-06.jpg [1] File of type 1 saved to: ~/tmp/motion/01-20140603171036-00.jpg [1] File of type 1 saved to: ~/tmp/motion/01-20140603171036-01.jpg [1] File of type 1 saved to: ~/tmp/motion/01-20140603171036-02.jpg Any idea just to get the video stream recoded on my local disk ?

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• FFMPEG dropping frames while encoding JPEG sequence at color change

  - by Matt

  I'm trying to put together a slide show using imagemagick and FFMPEG. I use imagemagick to expand a single photo into 30fps video (imagemagick also handles things like putting some text captions on the frames along the way). When I go to let ffmpeg digest it into a video it clips along nicely on the color parts of the video, but when it gets to a black and white section it reports "frame= 2030 fps=102 q=32766.0 Lsize= 5203kB time=00:01:07.60 bitrate= 630.5kbits/s dup=0 drop=703" and drops every frame of video until it hits something with color. As you can imagine this results in entire photos being removed from the slideshow. Here is my latest dump... ffmpeg -y -r 30 -i "teststream/%06d.jpg" -c:v libx264 -r 30 newffmpeg.mp4 ffmpeg version git-2012-12-10-c3bb333 Copyright (c) 2000-2012 the FFmpeg developers built on Dec 10 2012 22:02:04 with gcc 4.6.1 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.1-9ubuntu3) configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-librtmp --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264 --enable-nonfree --enable-version3 libavutil 52. 12.100 / 52. 12.100 libavcodec 54. 79.101 / 54. 79.101 libavformat 54. 49.100 / 54. 49.100 libavdevice 54. 3.102 / 54. 3.102 libavfilter 3. 26.101 / 3. 26.101 libswscale 2. 1.103 / 2. 1.103 libswresample 0. 17.102 / 0. 17.102 libpostproc 52. 2.100 / 52. 2.100 Input #0, image2, from 'teststream/%06d.jpg': Duration: 00:12:02.80, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A Stream #0:0: Video: mjpeg, yuvj444p, 720x480 [SAR 72:72 DAR 3:2], 25 fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc [libx264 @ 0x3450140] using SAR=1/1 [libx264 @ 0x3450140] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 FastShuffle SSE4.2 [libx264 @ 0x3450140] profile High, level 3.0 [libx264 @ 0x3450140] 264 - core 129 r2 1cffe9f - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2012 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=12 lookahead_threads=2 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00 Output #0, mp4, to 'newffmpeg.mp4': Metadata: encoder : Lavf54.49.100 Stream #0:0: Video: h264 ([33][0][0][0] / 0x0021), yuvj420p, 720x480 [SAR 1:1 DAR 3:2], q=-1--1, 15360 tbn, 30 tbc Stream mapping: Stream #0:0 - #0:0 (mjpeg - libx264) Press [q] to stop, [?] for help Input stream #0:0 frame changed from size:720x480 fmt:yuvj444p to size:720x480 fmt:yuvj422p Input stream #0:0 frame changed from size:720x480 fmt:yuvj422p to size:720x480 fmt:yuvj444pp=584 frame= 2030 fps=102 q=32766.0 Lsize= 5203kB time=00:01:07.60 bitrate= 630.5kbits/s dup=0 drop=703 video:5179kB audio:0kB subtitle:0 global headers:0kB muxing overhead 0.472425% [libx264 @ 0x3450140] frame I:9 Avg QP:20.10 size: 33933 [libx264 @ 0x3450140] frame P:636 Avg QP:24.12 size: 6737 [libx264 @ 0x3450140] frame B:1385 Avg QP:27.04 size: 514 [libx264 @ 0x3450140] consecutive B-frames: 2.5% 15.2% 13.2% 69.2% [libx264 @ 0x3450140] mb I I16..4: 8.3% 80.3% 11.5% [libx264 @ 0x3450140] mb P I16..4: 1.5% 2.5% 0.2% P16..4: 41.7% 18.0% 10.3% 0.0% 0.0% skip:25.9% [libx264 @ 0x3450140] mb B I16..4: 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% B16..8: 26.6% 0.6% 0.1% direct: 0.2% skip:72.3% L0:35.0% L1:60.3% BI: 4.7% [libx264 @ 0x3450140] 8x8 transform intra:64.1% inter:75.1% [libx264 @ 0x3450140] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 51.6% 78.0% 43.7% inter: 10.6% 14.9% 2.1% [libx264 @ 0x3450140] i16 v,h,dc,p: 29% 19% 6% 46% [libx264 @ 0x3450140] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 23% 15% 17% 5% 9% 10% 7% 8% 6% [libx264 @ 0x3450140] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 31% 18% 11% 5% 9% 10% 6% 6% 4% [libx264 @ 0x3450140] i8c dc,h,v,p: 46% 18% 24% 12% [libx264 @ 0x3450140] Weighted P-Frames: Y:20.1% UV:18.7% [libx264 @ 0x3450140] ref P L0: 59.2% 23.2% 13.1% 4.3% 0.2% [libx264 @ 0x3450140] ref B L0: 88.7% 8.3% 3.0% [libx264 @ 0x3450140] ref B L1: 95.0% 5.0% [libx264 @ 0x3450140] kb/s:626.88 Received signal 2: terminating. One last note: If I remove the -r 30 from the input and output it works flawlessly. I have no idea why the -r 30 is causing it to freak out.

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