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  • template files in python

    - by saminny
    I am trying to use python for translating a set of templates to a set of configuration files based on values taken from a main configuration file. However, I am having certain issues. Consider the following example of a template file. file1.cfg.template %(CLIENT1)s %(HOST1)s %(PORT1)d C %(COMPID1)s %(CLIENT2)s %(HOST2)s %(PORT2)d C %(COMPID2)s This file contains an entry for each client. There are hundreds of config files like this and I don't want to have logic for each type of config file. Python should do the replacements and generate config files automatically given a set of global values read from a main xml config file. However, in the above example, if CLIENT2 does not exist, how do I delete that line? I expect Python would generate the config file using the following simple code: os.open("file1.cfg.template").read() & myhash where myhash is hash of all configuration parameters which may not contain CLIENT2 at all. In the case it does not contain CLIENT2, I want that line to disappear from the file. Is it possible to insert some 'IF' block in the file and have python evaluate it? Thanks for your help. Any suggestions most welcome.

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  • floating point equality in Python and in general

    - by eric.frederich
    I have a piece of code that behaves differently depending on whether I go through a dictionary to get conversion factors or whether I use them directly. The following piece of code will print 1.0 == 1.0 -> False But if you replace factors[units_from] with 10.0 and factors[units_to ] with 1.0 / 2.54 it will print 1.0 == 1.0 -> True #!/usr/bin/env python base = 'cm' factors = { 'cm' : 1.0, 'mm' : 10.0, 'm' : 0.01, 'km' : 1.0e-5, 'in' : 1.0 / 2.54, 'ft' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0, 'yd' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0 / 3.0, 'mile' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0 / 5280, 'lightyear' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0 / 5280 / 5.87849981e12, } # convert 25.4 mm to inches val = 25.4 units_from = 'mm' units_to = 'in' base_value = val / factors[units_from] ret = base_value * factors[units_to ] print ret, '==', 1.0, '->', ret == 1.0 Let me first say that I am pretty sure what is going on here. I have seen it before in C, just never in Python but since Python in implemented in C we're seeing it. I know that floating point numbers will change values going from a CPU register to cache and back. I know that comparing what should be two equal variables will return false if one of them was paged out while the other stayed resident in a register. Questions What is the best way to avoid problems like this?... In Python or in general. Am I doing something completely wrong? Side Note This is obviously part of a stripped down example but what I'm trying to do is come with with classes of length, volume, etc that can compare against other objects of the same class but with different units. Rhetorical Questions If this is a potentially dangerous problem since it makes programs behave in an undetermanistic matter, should compilers warn or error when they detect that you're checking equality of floats Should compilers support an option to replace all float equality checks with a 'close enough' function? Do compilers already do this and I just can't find the information.

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  • Python calling class methods with the wrong number of parameters

    - by Hussain
    I'm just beginning to learn python. I wrote an example script to test OOP in python, but something very odd has happened. When I call a class method, Python is calling the function with one more parameter than given. Here is the code: 1. class Bar: 2. num1,num2 = 0,0 3. def __init__(num1,num2): 4. num1,num2 = num1,num2 5. def foo(): 6. if num1 num2: 7. print num1,'is greater than ',num2,'!' 8. elif num1 is num2: 9. print num1,' is equal to ',num2,'!' 10. else: 11. print num1,' is less than ',num2,'!' 12. a,b,t = 42,84,bar(a,b) 13. t.foo 14. 15. t.num1 = t.num1^t.num2 16. t.num2 = t.num2^t.num1 17. t.num1 = t.num1^t.num2 18. 19. t.foo 20. And the error message I get: python test.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 12, in a,b,t = 42,84,bar(a,b) NameError: name 'bar' is not defined Can anyone help? Thanks in advance

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  • template files evaluation in python

    - by saminny
    I am trying to use python for translating a set of templates to a set of configuration files based on values taken from a main configuration file. However, I am having certain issues. Consider the following example of a template file. file1.cfg.template %(CLIENT1)s %(HOST1)s %(PORT1)d C %(COMPID1)s %(CLIENT2)s %(HOST2)s %(PORT2)d C %(COMPID2)s This file contains an entry for each client. There are hundreds of config files like this and I don't want to have logic for each type of config file. Python should do the replacements and generate config files automatically given a set of global values read from a main xml config file. However, in the above example, if CLIENT2 does not exist, how do I delete that line? I expect Python would generate the config file using something like this: os.open("file1.cfg.template").read() % myhash where myhash is hash of configuration parameters from the main config file which may not contain CLIENT2 at all. In the case it does not contain CLIENT2, I want that line to disappear from the file. Is it possible to insert some 'IF' block in the file and have python evaluate it? Thanks for your help. Any suggestions most welcome.

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  • Secure Copy File from remote server via scp and os module in Python

    - by user1063572
    I'm pretty new to Python and programming. I'm trying to copy a file between two computers via a python script. However the code os.system("ssh " + hostname + " scp " + filepath + " " + user + "@" + localhost + ":" cwd) won't work. I think it needs a password, as descriped in How do I copy a file to a remote server in python using scp or ssh?. I didn't get any error logs, the file just won't show in my current working directory. However every other command with os.system("ssh " + hostname + "command") or os.popen("ssh " + hostname + "command") does work. - command = e.g. ls When I try ssh hostname scp file user@local:directory in the commandline it works without entering a password. I tried to combine os.popen commands with getpass and pxssh module to establish a ssh connection to the remote server and use it to send commands directly (I only tested it for an easy command): import pxssh import getpass ssh = pxssh.pxssh() ssh.force_password = True hostname = raw_input("Hostname: ") user = raw_input("Username: ") password = getpass.getpass("Password: ") ssh.login(hostname, user, password) test = os.popen("hostname") print test But I'm not able to put commands through to the remote server (print test shows, that hostname = local and not the remote server), however I'm sure, the conection is established. I thought it would be easier to establish a connection than always use "ssh " + hostname in the bash commands. I also tried some of the workarounds in How do I copy a file to a remote server in python using scp or ssh?, but I must admit due to lack of expirience I didn't get them to work. Thanks a lot for helping me.

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  • Access array of c-structs using Python ctypes

    - by sadris
    I have a C-function that allocates memory at the address passed to and is accessed via Python. The pointer contents does contain an array of structs in the C code, but I am unable to get ctypes to access the array properly beyond the 0th element. How can I get the proper memory offset to be able to access the non-zero elements? Python's ctypes.memset is complaining about TypeErrors if I try to use their ctypes.memset function. typedef struct td_Group { unsigned int group_id; char groupname[256]; char date_created[32]; char date_modified[32]; unsigned int user_modified; unsigned int user_created; } Group; int getGroups(LIBmanager * handler, Group ** unallocatedPointer); ############# python code below: class Group(Structure): _fields_ = [("group_id", c_uint), ("groupname", c_char*256), ("date_created", c_char*32), ("date_modified", c_char*32), ("user_modified", c_uint), ("user_created", c_uint)] myGroups = c_void_p() count = libnativetest.getGroups( nativePointer, byref(myGroups) ) casted = cast( myGroups, POINTER(Group*count) ) for x in range(0,count): theGroup = cast( casted[x], POINTER(Group) ) # this only works for the first entry in the array: print "~~~~~~~~~~" + theGroup.contents.groupname Related: Access c_char_p_Array_256 in Python using ctypes

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  • A friend told me Python is garbage, I'm taking web design classes in the Spring and I have a textbook on C++. What should I do? [on hold]

    - by user107165
    I dont know if I should start digging into Python beforehand just to get acquanited with programming and "whet my appetite" or if I should work on the C++ book... Python definitely has more resources around town and I like the beginner friendly approach that seems to go along with every site that appeals to it. Or should I just wait for my assignments that start in 4 months? Any tips for an aspiring programmer?

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  • Guidance on E-commerce in a Python Framework

    - by Ant
    I am looking for guidance in making decisions on using Python for E-commerce. My reasoning to use Python in the first place is i do a lot of 3D so it's a real help to use Python for web server side as well as 3D so I do not need to learn a new language. When I say E-commerce i mean the logic behind displaying products and a check out system that is Robust....and yes I really want to build this myself so I can change it. I do not want to use an out the box solution that costs a lot of money every month. I want control of server side, data bases, e-commerce etc. My questions are: What Frameworks are out there? I looked at previous questions on stackoverflow but only found old posts about Sachmo and Get paid. What is the learning path, I do not want to make a mistake that costs six months of studying? Python then Django? How long if I spent 10 hours a day studying this would it take to get up and running? I write javaScript badly, so I am not a complete noob, I understand the basics of programming languages. many thanks in advance

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  • Python server open all ports

    - by user1670178
    I am trying to open all ports using this code, why can I not create a loop to perform this function? http://www.kellbot.com/2010/02/tutorial-writing-a-tcp-server-in-python/ #!/usr/bin/python # This is server.py file ##server.py from socket import * #import the socket library n=1025 while n<1050: ##let's set up some constants HOST = '' #we are the host PORT = n #arbitrary port not currently in use ADDR = (HOST,PORT) #we need a tuple for the address BUFSIZE = 4096 #reasonably sized buffer for data ## now we create a new socket object (serv) ## see the python docs for more information on the socket types/flags serv = socket( AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) ##bind our socket to the address serv.bind((ADDR)) #the double parens are to create a tuple with one element serv.listen(5) #5 is the maximum number of queued connections we'll allow serv = socket( AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) ##bind our socket to the address serv.bind((ADDR)) #the double parens are to create a tuple with one element serv.listen(5) #5 is the maximum number of queued connections we'll allow print 'listening...' n=n+1 conn,addr = serv.accept() #accept the connection print '...connected!' conn.send('TEST') conn.close() How do I make this work so that I can specify input range and have the server open all ports up to 65535? #!/usr/bin/python # This is server.py file from socket import * #import the socket library startingPort=input("\nPlease enter starting port: ") startingPort=int(startingPort) #print startingPort def connection(): ## let's set up some constants HOST = '' #we are the host PORT = startingPort #arbitrary port not currently in use ADDR = (HOST,PORT) #we need a tuple for the address BUFSIZE = 4096 #reasonably sized buffer for data def socketObject(): ## now we create a new socket object (serv) serv = socket( AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) def bind(): ## bind our socket to the address serv = socket( AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) serv.bind((ADDR)) #the double parens are to create a tuple with one element serv.listen(5) #5 is the maximum number of queued connections we'll allow serv = socket( AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) print 'listening...' def accept(): conn,addr = serv.accept() #accept the connection print '...connected!' conn.send('TEST') def close(): conn.close() ## Main while startingPort<65535: connection() socketObject() bind() accept() startingPort=startingPort+1

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  • I have deleted python files in usr/bin and cant reinstall it

    - by Plonkaa
    I am a novice at Ubuntu and unfortunately i have deleted 3 files in the usr/bin folder python 2.7 python python 2.6 Now my update manager wont work and when i type in python into gnome it says that it is no longer there. Please help me ive tried loads of different things but it just wont work. The closest i got was the following: I typed in sudo apt-get -f install and i thought i had fixed it but then i got a error message - Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: gir1.2-folks-0.6 gir1.2-polkit-1.0 libcogl5 mutter-common gir1.2-json-1.0 libcaribou0 gir1.2-accountsservice-1.0 gir1.2-clutter-1.0 gir1.2-gkbd-3.0 gir1.2-networkmanager-1.0 caribou libcogl-common libmutter0 gir1.2-mutter-3.0 gjs gir1.2-caribou-1.0 libclutter-1.0-0 gir1.2-telepathylogger-0.2 libclutter-1.0-common cups-pk-helper gir1.2-upowerglib-1.0 gir1.2-cogl-1.0 libmozjs185-1.0 gir1.2-telepathyglib-0.12 gir1.2-gee-1.0 libgjs0c gnome-shell-common Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following extra packages will be installed: ubuntu-sso-client The following packages will be upgraded: ubuntu-sso-client 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 35 not upgraded. 2 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/57.7 kB of archives. After this operation, 16.4 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Setting up python-minimal (2.7.2-7ubuntu2) ... /var/lib/dpkg/info/python-minimal.postinst: 4: python2.7: not found dpkg: error processing python-minimal (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127 Errors were encountered while processing: python-minimal E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) any advice is appreciated!

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  • Importing files in Python from __init__.py

    - by Federico Builes
    Suppose I have the following structure: app/ __init__.py foo/ a.py b.py c.py __init__.py a.py, b.py and c.py share some common imports (logging, os, re, etc). Is it possible to import these three or four common modules from the __init__.py file so I don't have to import them in every one of the files? Edit: My goal is to avoid having to import 5-6 modules in each file and it's not related to performance reasons.

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  • How to reload python module from itself?

    - by mivulf
    I have a python module with a lot of variables. These variables are used and changed by many other modules. And I want to reload this module from itself when it happens (for refresh). How to do that? # ================================== # foo.py spam = 100 def set_spam(value): spam = value foo = reload(foo) # reload module from itself # ================================== # bar.py import foo print foo.spam # I expect 100 # assume that value changes here from some another modules (for example, from eggs.py, apple.py and fruit.py) foo.set_spam(200) print foo.spam # I expect 200

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  • What is the best way to find a python google app engine coach?

    - by David Haddad
    i'm a software engineer and have been building Google App Engine apps with Python for about a year. I have a pretty good familiarity with the main concepts: web app framework, modeling, queues, memcache, django templates, etc. Where I think I'm lacking is in methodology. Architecting the app, using git for versioning, designing an writing unit tests. I'm totally convinced to incorporate these practices in my development style, and have started reading up on them. However I've learned that I'm a much faster learner when I have someone experienced to ask questions to and interact with. IRC channels and forums like stack overflow are great. But sometimes you want something more dynamic that produces results faster. So my question is how can a person find an experienced engineer that is familiar with the technologies he uses and that is willing to give them a couple of hours of Skype coaching sessions per week in return for an hourly fee...

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  • How to become an expert in Python, PHP and Javascript? [closed]

    - by Andrew Alexander
    So I've been programming for about 9ish months now, and I've taught myself some Python, some PHP and some Javascript. I want to become better at these languages - I can hack something out, but a lot of things like OOP, using lists in the most effective ways, etc, is lost on me. What are the best ways to become an "expert" programmer? Does it depend on the nuances of the language, or is it more general? Is there any math I should be studying alongside it? Obviously a lot depends on what you want to do with it - so far I've mostly done small scale internal applications as well as web programming. How do I find out about good program design?

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  • Python (v2.7) requires to install plugins to create media files of the following type: Vorbis encoder

    - by LibraryGeekAdam
    This is the message I get when I try to rip a cd from any player. I usually use the stock Rhythmbox but have tried others to no avail. I have just updated to 12.10 from 12.04 and I had no problems in 12.04. I have read the other posts and have switched to the Main Server in the Software Sources menu. I have installed Ubuntu Restricted Extras. Nothing seems to help. I would appreciate any help. "Python (v2.7) requires to install plugins to create media files of the following type: Vorbis encoder" Thanks!

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  • Can I execute an application built with Quickly (python - pygtk) on MS Windows?

    - by lesco
    I am working with QUICKLY, using Python and PyGtk. I know there is an option for packaging; so I can create a .DEB file. This is for Ubuntu. I was reading about PyGTK and it seems that PyGtk runs on MS Windows too. So, can I execute an app built with Quickly on MS Windows? If so, how? Which is the file (.py) that I have to execute on MS Windows? (a Quickly project has many .py files) Thanks. Ariel

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  • How to write PIL image filter for plain pgm format?

    - by Juha
    How can I write a filter for python imaging library for pgm plain ascii format (P2). Problem here is that basic PIL filter assumes constant number of bytes per pixel. My goal is to open feep.pgm with Image.open(). See http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/pgm.html or below. Alternative solution is that I find other well documented ascii grayscale format that is supported by PIL and all major graphics programs. Any suggestions? br, Juha feep.pgm: P2 # feep.pgm 24 7 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 0 0 7 7 7 7 0 0 11 11 11 11 0 0 15 15 15 15 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 15 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 0 7 7 7 0 0 0 11 11 11 0 0 0 15 15 15 15 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 7 7 0 0 11 11 11 11 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 edit: Thanks for the answer, I works... but I need a solution that uses Image.open(). Most of python programs out there use PIL for graphics manipulation (google: python image open). Thus, I need to be able to register a filter to PIL. Then, I can use any software that uses PIL. I now think mostly scipy, pylab, etc. dependent programs.

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  • Slightly different execution times between python2 and python3

    - by user557634
    Hi. Lastly I wrote a simple generator of permutations in python (implementation of "plain changes" algorithm described by Knuth in "The Art... 4"). I was curious about the differences in execution time of it between python2 and python3. Here is my function: def perms(s): s = tuple(s) N = len(s) if N <= 1: yield s[:] raise StopIteration() for x in perms(s[1:]): for i in range(0,N): yield x[:i] + (s[0],) + x[i:] I tested both using timeit module. My tests: $ echo "python2.6:" && ./testing.py && echo "python3:" && ./testing3.py python2.6: args time[ms] 1 0.003811 2 0.008268 3 0.015907 4 0.042646 5 0.166755 6 0.908796 7 6.117996 8 48.346996 9 433.928967 10 4379.904032 python3: args time[ms] 1 0.00246778964996 2 0.00656183719635 3 0.01419159912 4 0.0406293644678 5 0.165960511097 6 0.923101452814 7 6.24257639835 8 53.0099868774 9 454.540967941 10 4585.83498001 As you can see, for number of arguments less than 6, python 3 is faster, but then roles are reversed and python2.6 does better. As I am a novice in python programming, I wonder why is that so? Or maybe my script is more optimized for python2? Thank you in advance for kind answer :)

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  • Python issue:Unable to find vcvarsall.bat

    - by MMRUser
    I'm trying to install MySql interface for python,but I got an error(mentioned below).And I know the solution,install the Microsoft Visual C++.So what my question is there any alternative solution apart from installing Microsoft Visual C++,I mean it's really hurt me,why should I install Microsoft Visual C++ just because to build this single package it's a useless and time wasting approach from the developers perspective.So I kindly request from all of you please mention if you have any alternative solution for this issue. MySQL-python-1.2.3c1>setup.py install running install running bdist_egg running egg_info writing MySQL_python.egg-info\PKG-INFO writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info\top_level.txt writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info\dependency_links.txt reading manifest file 'MySQL_python.egg-info\SOURCES.txt' reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in' writing manifest file 'MySQL_python.egg-info\SOURCES.txt' installing library code to build\bdist.win32\egg running install_lib running build_py copying MySQLdb\release.py -> build\lib.win32-2.6\MySQLdb running build_ext building '_mysql' extension error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat I'm using Python 2.6 on Windows XP. Thanks.

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  • Is there a python openid apps-discovery library to get appengine apps onto the apps marketplace

    - by molicule
    I'm looking for info on howto get a google appengine app onto the newly announced google apps marketplace. The page at http://code.google.com/googleapps/marketplace/sso.html does not have a python openid apps-discovery library which seems to be the stumbling block. Has anyone ported an appengine app to the marketplace? or know of the existence of a python openid apps-discovery library? or have a timeline on this? updated: please see comment re: standard python openid library vs library that supports "apps-discovery" updated: apparently it is not currently possible, however it will be soon see http://www.google.com/support/forum/p/apps-apis/thread?tid=52e36f012c2436c3&hl=en

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  • Configuring Pydev Interpreter in Eclipse to use Enthought Python Distribution

    - by Curious2learn
    I downloaded Pydev plugin for Eclipse (3.5.2) today on Mac OSX 10.5.8. To be able to use Pydev, I need to configure the interpreter in Eclipse. I am not clear what exactly I need to do here, or what this step does. I want to make sure that when I run programs from Eclipse using Pydev, it uses the Enthought Python Distribution (EPD) I have installed, and can use all the packages that come with EPD. Can someone please tell me simple steps that I need to follow. If I click on autoconfig, it shows a bunch of folders with the path /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.Framework/Versions/2.5/... But I know that the Python that came with EPD is version 2.6.4, so autoconfig is not choosing EPD. Thanks for any help.

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  • Python Comet Server

    - by HenryL
    I am building a web application that has a real-time feed (similar to Facebook's newsfeed) that I want to update via a long-polling mechanism. I understand that with Python, my choices are pretty much to either use Stackless (building from their Comet wsgi example) or Cometd + Twisted. Unfortunately there is very little documentation regarding these options and I cannot find good information online about production scale users of comet on Python. Has anyone successfully implemented comet on Python in a production system? How did you go about doing it and where can I find resources to implement my own?

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  • SWIG: Python list to uint32_t *?

    - by Lee Crabtree
    I'm trying to work with a Python module that was generated by SWIG. There's a C++ class defined that works like this (simplified): namespace Foo { class Thing { public: Thing(); ~Thing(); bool DoSomething(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t z, uint32_t *buffer); }; }; When I try to call it from Python, I get an error about the last argument needing to be of type 'uint32_t*'. Normal Python integers work just fine for the other arguments, so I can't understand why a list of ints wouldn't work for the buffer. Any suggestions?

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