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• python dictionary with constant value-type

  - by s.kap

  hi there, I bumped into a case where I need a big (=huge) python dictionary, which turned to be quite memory-consuming. However, since all of the values are of a single type (long) - as well as the keys, I figured I can use python (or numpy, doesn't really matter) array for the values ; and wrap the needed interface (in: x ; out: d[x]) with an object which actually uses these arrays for the keys and values storage. I can use a index-conversion object (input -- index, of 1..n, where n is the different-values counter), and return array[index]. I can elaborate on some techniques of how to implement such an indexing-methods with reasonable memory requirement, it works and even pretty good. However, I wonder if there is such a data-structure-object already exists (in python, or wrapped to python from C/++), in any package (I checked collections, and some Google searches). Any comment will be welcome, thanks.

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• Making Swedish characters show properly in Windows Command Prompt using Python in Notepad++

  - by Alex

  The title explains it well. I have set up Notepad++ to open the Python script in the command prompt when I press F8 but all Swedish characters looks messed up when opening in CMD but perfectly fine in e.g IDLE. This simple example code: #!/usr/bin/env python #-*- coding: UTF-8 -*- print "åäö" Looks like this. As you can see the output of the batch file I use to open Python in cmd below shows the characters correctly but not the Python script above it. How do I fix this? I open the file in cmd using this method

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• Iterative printing over two data types in Python

  - by old Ixfoxleigh

  I often browse freely-available art on the web. Actually, I can't think of a better use for the internet than to turn it into a gigantic art gallery. When I encounter a set of pieces I quite like, I download them all to my hard drive. wget makes that easy, especially in combination with Python's print function, and I use this all the time to make a list of URLs that I then wget. Say I need to download a list of jpegs that run from art0 to art100 in the directory 'art,' I just tell python for i in range(0,101): print "http://somegallery/somedirectory/art", i So, this is probably a fairly simple operation in Python, and after a find-and-replace to remove whitespace, it's just a matter of using wget -i, but in days before I knew any Python I'd slavishly right-click and save. Now I've got a bunch of files from Fredericks & Freiser gallery in New York that all go a(1-14), b(1-14), c(1-14), etc., up to the letter g. I could do that in 7 goes, and it would take me less time than it took to write this SO question. That said, I want to deepen my knowledge of Python. So, given the letters a-g, how do I print a mapping of each letter to the integers 1-14?

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• Python having problems writing/reading and testing in a correct format

  - by Ionut

  I’m trying to make a program that will do the following: check if auth_file exists if yes - read file and try to login using data from that file - if data is wrong - request new data if no - request some data and then create the file and fill it with requested data So far: import json import getpass import os import requests filename = ".auth_data" auth_file = os.path.realpath(filename) url = 'http://example.com/api' headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'} def load_auth_file(): try: f = open(auth_file, "r") auth_data = f.read() r = requests.get(url, auth=auth_data, headers=headers) if r.reason == 'OK': return auth_data else: print "Incorrect login..." req_auth() except IOError: f = file(auth_file, "w") f.write(req_auth()) f.close() def req_auth(): user = str(raw_input('Username: ')) password = getpass.getpass('Password: ') auth_data = (user, password) r = requests.get(url, auth=auth_data, headers=headers) if r.reason == 'OK': return user, password elif r.reason == "FORBIDDEN": print "Incorrect login information..." req_auth() return False I have the following problems(understanding and applying the correct way): I can't find a correct way of storing the returned data from req_auth() to auth_file in a format that can be read and used in load_auth file PS: Of course I'm a beginner in Python and I'm sure I have missed some key elements here :(

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• Python and sqlite3 - importing and exporting databases

  - by JPC

  I'm trying to write a script to import a database file. I wrote the script to export the file like so: import sqlite3 con = sqlite3.connect('../sqlite.db') with open('../dump.sql', 'w') as f: for line in con.iterdump(): f.write('%s\n' % line) Now I want to be able to import that database. I tried: import sqlite3 con = sqlite3.connect('../sqlite.db') f = open('../dump.sql','r') str = f.read() con.execute(str) but I'm not allowed to execute more than one statement. Is there a way to get it to run a .sql script directly?

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• Python script to remove all comments from XML file

  - by Jennifer Greentree

  I am trying to build a python script that will take in an XML document and remove all of the comment blocks from it. I tried something along the lines of: tree = ElementTree() tree.parse(file) commentElements = tree.findall('//comment()') for element in commentElements: element.parentNode.remove(element) Doing this yields a weird error from python: "KeyError: '()' I know there are ways to easily edit the file using other methods ( like sed ), but I have to do it in a python script.

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• python object to native c++ pointer

  - by Lodle

  Im toying around with the idea to use python as an embedded scripting language for a project im working on and have got most things working. However i cant seem to be able to convert a python extended object back into a native c++ pointer. So this is my class: class CGEGameModeBase { public: virtual void FunctionCall()=0; virtual const char* StringReturn()=0; }; class CGEPYGameMode : public CGEGameModeBase, public boost::python::wrapper<CGEPYGameMode> { public: virtual void FunctionCall() { if (override f = this->get_override("FunctionCall")) f(); } virtual const char* StringReturn() { if (override f = this->get_override("StringReturn")) return f(); return "FAILED TO CALL"; } }; Boost wrapping: BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(GEGameMode) { class_<CGEGameModeBase, boost::noncopyable>("CGEGameModeBase", no_init); class_<CGEPYGameMode, bases<CGEGameModeBase> >("CGEPYGameMode", no_init) .def("FunctionCall", &CGEPYGameMode::FunctionCall) .def("StringReturn", &CGEPYGameMode::StringReturn); } and the python code: import GEGameMode def Ident(): return "Alpha" def NewGamePlay(): return "NewAlpha" def NewAlpha(): import GEGameMode import GEUtil class Alpha(GEGameMode.CGEPYGameMode): def __init__(self): print "Made new Alpha!" def FunctionCall(self): GEUtil.Msg("This is function test Alpha!") def StringReturn(self): return "This is return test Alpha!" return Alpha() Now i can call the first to functions fine by doing this: const char* ident = extract< const char* >( GetLocalDict()["Ident"]() ); const char* newgameplay = extract< const char* >( GetLocalDict()["NewGamePlay"]() ); printf("Loading Script: %s\n", ident); CGEPYGameMode* m_pGameMode = extract< CGEPYGameMode* >( GetLocalDict()[newgameplay]() ); However when i try and convert the Alpha class back to its base class (last line above) i get an boost error: TypeError: No registered converter was able to extract a C++ pointer to type class CGEPYGameMode from this Python object of type Alpha I have done alot of searching on the net but cant work out how to convert the Alpha object into its base class pointer. I could leave it as an object but rather have it as a pointer so some non python aware code can use it. Any ideas?

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• Why can't I extract a C++ type from a Python type using boost::python::extractor?

  - by Robin

  I've wrapped a C++ class using Py++ and everything is working great in Python. I can instantiate the c++ class, call methods, etc. I'm now trying to embed some Python into a C++ application. This is also working fine for the most-part. I can call functions on a Python module, get return values, etc. The python code I'm calling returns one of the classes that I wrapped: import _myextension as myext def run_script(arg): my_cpp_class = myext.MyClass() return my_cpp_class I'm calling this function from C++ like this: // ... excluding error checking, ref counting, etc. for brevity ... PyObject *pModule, *pFunc, *pArgs, *pReturnValue; Py_Initialize(); pModule = PyImport_Import(PyString_FromString("cpp_interface")); pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "run_script"); pArgs = PyTuple_New(1); PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, 0, PyString_FromString("an arg")); pReturnValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs); bp::extract< MyClass& > extractor(pReturnValue); // PROBLEM IS HERE if (extractor.check()) { // This check is always false MyClass& cls = extractor(); } The problem is the extractor never actually extracts/converts the PyObject* to MyClass (i.e. extractor.check() is always false). According to the docs this is the correct way to extract a wrapped C++ class. I've tried returning basic data types (ints/floats/dicts) from the Python function and all of them are extracted properly. Is there something I'm missing? Is there another way to get the data and cast to MyClass?

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• Python Interactive Interpreter always returns "Invalid syntax" on Windows

  - by user559217

  I've encountered an extremely confusing problem. Whatever I type into the Python interpreter returns "Invalid Syntax". See examples below. I've tried fooling around with the code page of the prompt I run the interpreter from, but it doesn't seem to help at all. Furthermore, I haven't been able to find this particular, weird bug elsewhere online. Any assistance anyone could provide would be lovely. I've already tried reinstalling Python, but I didn't have any luck - the problem is also there in both 3.13 and 2.7. Running: Python version 3.1.3, Windows XP SP3. Getting: C:\Program Files\Python31>.\python Python 3.1.3 (r313:86834, Nov 27 2010, 18:30:53) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> 2+2 File "<stdin>", line 1 2+2 ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> x = "Oh, fiddlesticks." File "<stdin>", line 1 x = "Oh, fiddlesticks." ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax

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• Python editor/IDE for OS X

  - by TheJuice

  As a (reasonably) new Python programmer, what IDEs or editors would you recommend for Python programming on OS X and why (i.e. what features/capabilities/workflow techniques really help)? I've used Xcode and played a bit with TextMate but I can't really say that either have really hit the spot for me (although TextMate's code completion is pretty neat, I think i've been spoilt with code-completion facilities provided by editors for statically-typed languages so maybe i'm subconsciously comparing apples and oranges) I'm looking to increase my efficacy with Python and any tips would be appreciated. I know people have asked similar questions for Python IDEs in general but I am specifically concentrating on OS X and the 'Mac way'. If Xcode or TextMate are thought highly of, perhaps some suggestions as to how I could get the most benefit from the tools would help.

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• Exposing python api over the network for an iphone application

  - by MAC

  I have functionality built in python on a central server. I wish to expose this api over the network to an iphone application. What would be the best way to do that? Is it possible to create web services in python and have the iphone app use those? If so could anyone give me pointers as to how to create web services in python. If someone has a better idea on how to go about doing this let me know =)

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• Using netbeans as IDE for Python

  - by morpheous

  I am about to embark on learning Python (largely for the purposes of using it as scripting glue between my applications). I use Netbeans (6.8) for both my C++ and PHP development work. Ideally, I would like to use the same IDE for Python - and there is a Python plugin for Netbeans (admittedly, its still in Beta). Does anyone have any experience using Python with Netbeans? Shall I use Netbeans (for the reasons stated above - i.e. already familiar environment), or is there a [GOOD] reason why I should use a different IDE?

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• Python - how to check if weak reference is still available

  - by Alex

  Hi all, I am passing some weakrefs from Python into C++ class, but C++ destructors are actively trying to access the ref when the real object is already dead, obviously it crashes... Is there any Python C/API approach to find out if Python reference is still alive or any other known workaround for this ? Thanks

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• Unable to save file in python

  - by some1

  Trying to save files in python: g = open('~/ccna_pages/'+filename, 'w') g.write(page) g.close() Get this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "dl-pages.py", line 50, in g = open('~/ccna_pages/'+filename, 'w') IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '~/ccna_pages/1.0.1.1.html' However, the directory does exist at that location. This syntax seems to be the what the python docs recommend.. http://docs.python.org/release/1.5/tut/node46.html What am I missing? Thanks..

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• Python and IronPython on same machine?

  - by rudimenter

  I am a total newbie in the Python world. I want to start to experiment with Python and IronPython and compare the results. Is it possible to install Python and IronPython on the same machine with interfering each other or is it besser to this in the virtual machine. Thx in advance.

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• Python features

  - by daniels

  Is there any article/paper on what features the Python language has to offer? Why should one go with Python instead of any other language? What are the strong and the weak points of Python?

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• Reload mod_fcgid without killing Python Service

  - by Tobias

  Hi I'm currently running a Django project on my school's webserver with FCGI. I did follow the multiple guides that recommends installing a virtual local Python environment and it worked out great. The only issue i had was that "touching" my fcgi-file to reload source-files wasn't enough, but instead i had to kill the python service via SSH. This because mod_fcgid is used. However, the admin didn't think it was a great idea that i ran my own local python. He thought it better if i just told him what modules to install on root, which was a pretty nice service really. But doing this, i can no longer kill python since it's under root(though immoral as I am, I've definitely tried). The admins recommendation was that I should try too make the fcgi script reload itself by checking time stamp. I've tried to find documentation on how to do this, but fund very little and since I'm a absolute beginner i have no idea what would work. Anyone have experience running python/django under mod_fcgid or tips on where to find related guides/documentation?

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• Properties of mbox message in mbox module in Python

  - by Rajasankar

  I trying my luck to manage my mailbox with python. My example code is for eachmail in mailbox.mbox(mboxfile): print eachmail['From'] I got following by printing entire content. Delivered-To Subject To Content-Type MIME-Version Message-Id Is there any full document showing what are all the properties I can get from the mbox message instance? Python docs doesn't specify any of these http://docs.python.org/library/mailbox.html#mailbox.mbox

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• Adding contextual information to your logging output in Python 2.5

  - by armakuni

  I am using Python 2.5. The Python logging module allows adding contextual information to your logging output. Is something similar possible in Python 2.5?

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• Python: Using `copyreg` to define reducers for types that already have reducers

  - by cool-RR

  (Keep in mind I'm working in Python 3, so a solution needs to work in Python 3.) I would like to use the copyreg module to teach Python how to pickle functions. When I tried to do it, the _Pickler object would still try to pickle functions using the save_global function. (Which doesn't work for unbound methods, and that's the motivation for doing this.) It seems like _Pickler first tries to look in its own dispatch for the type of the object that you want to pickle before looking in copyreg.dispatch_table. I'm not sure if this is intentional. Is there any way for me to tell Python to pickle functions with the reducer that I provide?

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• File size in Python server

  - by Anna

  We have server on Python and client + web service on Ruby. That works only if file from URL is less than 800 k. It seems like "socket.puts data" in a client works, but "output = socket.gets" - not. I think problem is in a Python part. For big files tests run "Connection reset by peer". Is it buffer size variable by default somewhere in a Python?

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• Programatically importing a file and creating an instance of a class in Python

  - by benofsky

  I have a (python) list of strings which refer to python source files and subsequently classes within those files which I want to import and then create an instance of the classes within the files (everything follows a strict naming convention, making this theoretically possible), in Ruby I would do something like: require "lib/sources/#{source}.rb" s = source.constantize.new How would I do something similar in Python? Thanks, Ben

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• Using Variables for Class Names in Python?

  - by Sam McAfee

  I want to know how to use variables for objects and function names in Python. In PHP, you can do this: $className = "MyClass"; $newObject = new $className(); How do you do this sort of thing in Python? Or, am I totally not appreciating some fundamental difference with Python, and if so, what is it?

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• Tree libraries in python

  - by uhbif19

  Hi , do you now any python libraries , for data trees

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• Python urlparse, correct or incorrect?

  - by omfgroflmao

  Python's urlparse function parses an url into six components (scheme, netloc, path and others stuff) Now I've found that parsing "example.com/path/file.ext" return no netloc but a path "example.com/path/file.ext". Should't it be netloc = "example.com" and path = "/path/file.ext"? Do we really need a "://" to determine wether or not a netloc exists? Python's ticket: http://bugs.python.org/issue8284

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