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  • GIT server with username and password authentication

    - by Giorgio
    I would like to set a GIT server and let my developers to login using username and password in order to commit and make changes to the projects. I need also to manage developer access to projects (I think I should use gitolite for this). How can I do that? I am used to SVN which is easy because you can set username and password for each developer, which can easily access the repository without having the generate an ssh key and put it on the server. Thanks

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  • Recovering Root Password

    - by Melvin
    This hasn't happened to me yet but I am documenting this process just in case. Let's say I can't remember my root password for my linux server. Every example of this scenerio that I can find says to first boot into single user mode. What if my server is currently running in multiuser mode and I have no sessions open as root. How exactly do I order an orderly shutdown without root access so that I can begin the password recovery process?

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  • SIMPLE OpenSSL RSA Encryption in C/C++ is causing me headaches

    - by Josh
    Hey guys, I'm having some trouble figuring out how to do this. Basically I just want a client and server to be able to send each other encrypted messages. This is going to be incredibly insecure because I'm trying to figure this all out so I might as well start at the ground floor. So far I've got all the keys working but encryption/decryption is giving me hell. I'll start by saying I am using C++ but most of these functions require C strings so whatever I'm doing may be causing problems. Note that on the client side I receive the following error in regards to decryption. error:04065072:rsa routines:RSA_EAY_PRIVATE_DECRYPT:padding check failed I don't really understand how padding works so I don't know how to fix it. Anywho here are the relevant variables on each side followed by the code. Client: RSA *myKey; // Loaded with private key // The below will hold the decrypted message unsigned char* decrypted = (unsigned char*) malloc(RSA_size(myKey)); /* The below holds the encrypted string received over the network. Originally held in a C-string but C strings never work for me and scare me so I put it in a C++ string */ string encrypted; // The reinterpret_cast line was to get rid of an error message. // Maybe the cause of one of my problems? if(RSA_private_decrypt(sizeof(encrypted.c_str()), reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(encrypted.c_str()), decrypted, myKey, RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING)==-1) { cout << "Private decryption failed" << endl; ERR_error_string(ERR_peek_last_error(), errBuf); printf("Error: %s\n", errBuf); free(decrypted); exit(1); } Server: RSA *pkey; // Holds the client's public key string key; // Holds a session key I want to encrypt and send //The below will hold the encrypted message unsigned char *encrypted = (unsigned char*)malloc(RSA_size(pkey)); // The reinterpret_cast line was to get rid of an error message. // Maybe the cause of one of my problems? if(RSA_public_encrypt(sizeof(key.c_str()), reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(key.c_str()), encrypted, pkey, RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING)==-1) { cout << "Public encryption failed" << endl; ERR_error_string(ERR_peek_last_error(), errBuf); printf("Error: %s\n", errBuf); free(encrypted); exit(1); } Let me once again state, in case I didn't before, that I know my code sucks but I'm just trying to establish a framework for understanding this. I'm sorry if this offends you veteran coders. Thanks in advance for any help you guys can provide!

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  • Facing Memory Leaks in AES Encryption Method.

    - by Mubashar Ahmad
    Can anyone please identify is there any possible memory leaks in following code. I have tried with .Net Memory Profiler and it says "CreateEncryptor" and some other functions are leaving unmanaged memory leaks as I have confirmed this using Performance Monitors. but there are already dispose, clear, close calls are placed wherever possible please advise me accordingly. its a been urgent. public static string Encrypt(string plainText, string key) { //Set up the encryption objects byte[] encryptedBytes = null; using (AesCryptoServiceProvider acsp = GetProvider(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key))) { byte[] sourceBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(plainText); using (ICryptoTransform ictE = acsp.CreateEncryptor()) { //Set up stream to contain the encryption using (MemoryStream msS = new MemoryStream()) { //Perform the encrpytion, storing output into the stream using (CryptoStream csS = new CryptoStream(msS, ictE, CryptoStreamMode.Write)) { csS.Write(sourceBytes, 0, sourceBytes.Length); csS.FlushFinalBlock(); //sourceBytes are now encrypted as an array of secure bytes encryptedBytes = msS.ToArray(); //.ToArray() is important, don't mess with the buffer csS.Close(); } msS.Close(); } } acsp.Clear(); } //return the encrypted bytes as a BASE64 encoded string return Convert.ToBase64String(encryptedBytes); } private static AesCryptoServiceProvider GetProvider(byte[] key) { AesCryptoServiceProvider result = new AesCryptoServiceProvider(); result.BlockSize = 128; result.KeySize = 256; result.Mode = CipherMode.CBC; result.Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7; result.GenerateIV(); result.IV = new byte[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; byte[] RealKey = GetKey(key, result); result.Key = RealKey; // result.IV = RealKey; return result; } private static byte[] GetKey(byte[] suggestedKey, SymmetricAlgorithm p) { byte[] kRaw = suggestedKey; List<byte> kList = new List<byte>(); for (int i = 0; i < p.LegalKeySizes[0].MaxSize; i += 8) { kList.Add(kRaw[(i / 8) % kRaw.Length]); } byte[] k = kList.ToArray(); return k; }

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  • RSA Encryption C#

    - by Ryan
    Hi guys, I have a class which in C# doing RSA encryption where I used the default RSACryptoServiceProvider class. But I have a concern regarding the following; If you have the word hello for an input and the encrypted string is returned as ABCDE, if you perform another encrypt operation on the input hello, using the same keys (public and private) for the RSA will the output be again ABCDE? Thanks in advance

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  • Simple RSA encryption (Java)

    - by jake blue
    This is simply for fun. This will not be used for any actual encryption. I'm only first year comp sci student and love cryptography. This took a long time to get working. At approximately N = 18, it begins breaking down. It won't encrypt messages properly after that point. I'm not sure why. Any insights? I'd also appreciate any links you could provide me to tutorials or interesting reading about Cryptography. import java.math.BigInteger; import java.security.SecureRandom; /** * Cryptography. * * Generates public and private keys used in encryption and * decryption * */ public class RSA { private final static BigInteger one = new BigInteger("1"); private final static SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom(); // prime numbers private BigInteger p; private BigInteger q; // modulus private BigInteger n; // totient private BigInteger t; // public key private BigInteger e; // private key private BigInteger d; private String cipherText; /** * Constructor for objects of class RSA */ public RSA(int N) { p = BigInteger.probablePrime(N/2, random); q = BigInteger.probablePrime(N/2, random); // initialising modulus n = p.multiply(q); // initialising t by euclid's totient function (p-1)(q-1) t = (p.subtract(one)).multiply(q.subtract(one)); // initialising public key ~ 65537 is common public key e = new BigInteger("65537"); } public int generatePrivateKey() { d = e.modInverse(t); return d.intValue(); } public String encrypt(String plainText) { String encrypted = ""; int j = 0; for(int i = 0; i < plainText.length(); i++){ char m = plainText.charAt(i); BigInteger bi1 = BigInteger.valueOf(m); BigInteger bi2 = bi1.modPow(e, n); j = bi2.intValue(); m = (char) j; encrypted += m; } cipherText = encrypted; return encrypted; } public String decrypt() { String decrypted = ""; int j = 0; for(int i = 0; i < cipherText.length(); i++){ char c = cipherText.charAt(i); BigInteger bi1 = BigInteger.valueOf(c); BigInteger bi2 = bi1.modPow(d, n); j = bi2.intValue(); c = (char) j; decrypted += c; } return decrypted; } }

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  • Can I configure the ResetPassword in Asp.Net's MembershipProvider?

    - by coloradotechie
    I have an C# asp.net app using the default Sql MembershipProvider. My web.config has a few settings that control how I'm using this Provider: enablePasswordRetrieval="false" enablePasswordReset="true" requiresUniqueEmail="true" passwordFormat="Hashed" minRequiredPasswordLength="5" The problem I'm running into is that when people reset their passwords, it seems the ResetPassword() method returns a password that is longer than I want and has characters that can be confusing (l,1,i,I,0,O). Furthermore, I'm sending my users an email with a plain-text message and an HTML message (I'm using MailMessage with AlternateViews). If the password has unsafe HTML characters in it, when the email clients render the HTML text the password might be different (e.g. the %, &, and < aren't exactly HTML safe). I've looked over the "add" element that belongs in the web.config, but I don't see any extra configuration properties to only include certain characters in the ResetPassword() method and to limit the password length. Can I configure the ResetPassword() method to limit the password length and limit the character set it is choosing from? Right now I have a workaround: I call ResetPassword() to make sure the supplied answer is correct, and then I use a RandomPassword generator I downloaded off the internet to generate a password that I like (without ambiguous characters, HTML safe, and only 8 characters long) and then I call ChangePassword() to change the user's password after I've already reset it. My workaround seems kludgy and I thought it would be better to configure ResetPassword() to do what I want. Thank you~! ColoradoTechie

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  • ssh login fails for user with empty password

    - by Reid
    How do you enable ssh login on OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion) for a user with an empty password? I've seen others asking this question, and like me it's for the same reason: a parent who can't deal with passwords. So "set a password" is not an option. I found references to adding "nullok" to various PAM config files. Didn't work. Found sshd config "PermitEmptyPasswords yes". Didn't work. I've done a diff on "ssh -vvv" between a successful ssh with a password-enabled account and the one with no password. 54,55c54,55 < debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 133/256 < debug2: bits set: 533/1024 --- > debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 140/256 > debug2: bits set: 508/1024 67c67 < debug2: bits set: 509/1024 --- > debug2: bits set: 516/1024 79c79 < debug2: key: /Users/rae/.ssh/rae (0x7f9a0241e2c0) --- > debug2: key: /Users/rae/.ssh/rae (0x7f81e0c1e2c0) 90,116c90,224 < debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive < debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method < debug3: authmethod_lookup keyboard-interactive < debug3: remaining preferred: password < debug3: authmethod_is_enabled keyboard-interactive < debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive < debug2: userauth_kbdint < debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply < debug2: input_userauth_info_req < debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1 < debug3: packet_send2: adding 32 (len 14 padlen 18 extra_pad 64) < debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive < debug2: userauth_kbdint < debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply < debug2: input_userauth_info_req < debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1 < debug3: packet_send2: adding 32 (len 14 padlen 18 extra_pad 64) < debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive < debug2: userauth_kbdint < debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply < debug2: input_userauth_info_req < debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1 < debug3: packet_send2: adding 32 (len 14 padlen 18 extra_pad 64) < debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive < debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method < debug1: No more authentication methods to try. < Permission denied (publickey,keyboard-interactive). --- > debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-dss blen 433 > debug2: input_userauth_pk_ok: fp 6e:02:20:63:48:6a:08:99:b8:5f:12:d8:d5:3d:e1:fb > debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: DSA 6e:02:20:63:48:6a:08:99:b8:5f:12:d8:d5:3d:e1:fb > debug1: read PEM private key done: type DSA > debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). > Authenticated to cme-mini.local ([192.168.1.5]:22). > debug2: fd 7 setting O_NONBLOCK > debug3: fd 8 is O_NONBLOCK > debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] > debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0 > debug2: channel 0: send open > debug1: Requesting [email protected] > debug1: Entering interactive session. > debug2: callback start > debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 > debug2: fd 5 setting TCP_NODELAY > debug2: channel 0: request pty-req confirm 1 > debug1: Sending environment.

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  • How do I dissuade users from using the same password with similar systems?

    - by Resorath
    I'm building a web application that connects to other web services (using strictly anonymous binding, so no user passwords are being used). However the web application maintains its own users itself, and is required to ask certain details such as e-mail addresses and public linking information to these other web services (for example, a username but not a password). I want to deter or prevent users from reusing passwords in my application that they have also used in the applications I'm linking to. For example, if I ask for their e-mail and provide me with their gmail address, I don't want them using their gmail password for my system. Another example would be reusing a password to a linked system in which they also gave me their username. One idea I had was to simply try using the information they gave me, along with the password they are trying to store and log in to these external web applications to test the password - then immediately unbind if I was successful and ask the user to use a different password. However I suspect there is a host of morale and legal issues there. The reason this is a big deal to me is accountability. My application is simply not funded enough to invest properly in security around user passwords. A salted, hashed password in a public SQL-like database is as secure as it gets. So if passwords and linked usernames or e-mails get out, I don't want my userbase compromised.

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  • What tools do I have to disuade users from using the same password with similar systems?

    - by Resorath
    I'm building a web application that connects to other web services (using strictly anonymous binding, so no user passwords are being used). However the web application maintains its own users itself, and is required to ask certain details such as e-mail addresses and public linking information to these other web services (for example, a username but not a password). I want to deter or prevent users from reusing passwords in my application that they have also used in the applications I'm linking to. For example, if I ask for their e-mail and provide me with their gmail address, I don't want them using their gmail password for my system. Another example would be reusing a password to a linked system in which they also gave me their username. One idea I had was to simply try using the information they gave me, along with the password they are trying to store and log in to these external web applications to test the password - then immediately unbind if I was successful and ask the user to use a different password. However I suspect there is a host of morale and legal issues there. The reason this is a big deal to me is accountability. My application is simply not funded enough to invest properly in security around user passwords. A salted, hashed password in a public SQL-like database is as secure as it gets. So if passwords and linked usernames or e-mails get out, I don't want my userbase compromised.

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  • Is SHA-1 secure for password storage?

    - by Tgr
    Some people throw around remarks like "SHA-1 is broken" a lot, so I'm trying to understand what exactly that means. Let's assume I have a database of SHA-1 password hashes, and an attacker whith a state of the art SHA-1 breaking algorithm and a botnet with 100,000 machines gets access to it. (Having control over 100k home computers would mean they can do about 10^15 operations per second.) How much time would they need to find out the password of any one user? find out the password of a given user? find out the password of all users? find a way to log in as one of the users? find a way to log in as a specific user? How does that change if the passwords are salted? Does the method of salting (prefix, postfix, both, or something more complicated like xor-ing) matter? Here is my current understanding, after some googling. Please correct in the answers if I misunderstood something. If there is no salt, a rainbow attack will immediately find all passwords (except extremely long ones). If there is a sufficiently long random salt, the most effective way to find out the passwords is a brute force or dictionary attack. Neither collision nor preimage attacks are any help in finding out the actual password, so cryptographic attacks against SHA-1 are no help here. It doesn't even matter much what algorithm is used - one could even use MD5 or MD4 and the passwords would be just as safe (there is a slight difference because computing a SHA-1 hash is slower). To evaluate how safe "just as safe" is, let's assume that a single sha1 run takes 1000 operations and passwords contain uppercase, lowercase and digits (that is, 60 characters). That means the attacker can test 1015*60*60*24 / 1000 ~= 1017 potential password a day. For a brute force attack, that would mean testing all passwords up to 9 characters in 3 hours, up to 10 characters in a week, up to 11 characters in a year. (It takes 60 times as much for every additional character.) A dictionary attack is much, much faster (even an attacker with a single computer could pull it off in hours), but only finds weak passwords. To log in as a user, the attacker does not need to find out the exact password; it is enough to find a string that results in the same hash. This is called a first preimage attack. As far as I could find, there are no preimage attacks against SHA-1. (A bruteforce attack would take 2160 operations, which means our theoretical attacker would need 1030 years to pull it off. Limits of theoretical possibility are around 260 operations, at which the attack would take a few years.) There are preimage attacks against reduced versions of SHA-1 with negligible effect (for the reduced SHA-1 which uses 44 steps instead of 80, attack time is down from 2160 operations to 2157). There are collision attacks against SHA-1 which are well within theoretical possibility (the best I found brings the time down from 280 to 252), but those are useless against password hashes, even without salting. In short, storing passwords with SHA-1 seems perfectly safe. Did I miss something?

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  • SQLite multi process access

    - by Nicolas
    Hello, We are using SQLite in a multi processes and multi threaded application. The SQLite database files are encrypted using the embedded SQLite encryption. The FAQ states that SQLite should be able to manage multi process accesses using locks mechanism. We are experiencing a strange problem: When many threads are accessing the same database file, sometime constrains violations occur, more specifically - a field with a unique constrain is getting duplicate values after calling "insert or replace" statement. It happens quite often now, that we are using the encryption. Before we started using SQLite encryption we did not notice such a behavior. Are there any specific known issues with this?

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  • Convert VB6 Randomize to C#

    - by Thomas G. Mayfield
    I'm writing a C# frontend to a legacy database that uses VB6 Rnd() and Randomize() methods for user password encryption. The encryption function is very simplistic and really not all that secure, but it's what all current passwords are stored with. What I'd like to be able to do is authenticate legacy users from a C# application. I can write new encryption (or preferably hashing) code for VB6 so that all future users have a more secure password, and that can be duplicated in C#. But I don't want to require current users to have had their password reset before they can use the new frontend. Is there any way I can reimplement that algorithm in C# so that it produces identical results to the legacy VB6 code?

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  • saslauthd + PostFix producing password verification and authentication errors

    - by Aram Papazian
    So I'm trying to setup PostFix while using SASL (Cyrus variety preferred, I was using dovecot earlier but I'm switching from dovecot to courier so I want to use cyrus instead of dovecot) but I seem to be having issues. Here are the errors I'm receiving: ==> mail.log <== Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: ipname[xx.xx.xx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure ==> mail.info <== Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: ipname[xx.xx.xx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure ==> mail.warn <== Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: ipname[xx.xx.xx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure I tried $testsaslauthd -u xxxx -p xxxx 0: OK "Success." So I know that the password/user I'm using is correct. I'm thinking that most likely I have a setting wrong somewhere, but can't seem to find where. Here is my files. Here is my main.cf for postfix: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. myorigin = /etc/mailname # This is already done in /etc/mailname #myhostname = crazyinsanoman.xxxxx.com smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name #biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. #append_dot_mydomain = no readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key smtpd_use_tls = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # Relay smtp through another server or leave blank to do it yourself #relayhost = smtp.yourisp.com # Network details; Accept connections from anywhere, and only trust this machine mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 inet_interfaces = all #mynetworks_style = host #As we will be using virtual domains, these need to be empty local_recipient_maps = mydestination = # how long if undelivered before sending "delayed mail" warning update to sender delay_warning_time = 4h # will it be a permanent error or temporary unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 # how long to keep message on queue before return as failed. # some have 3 days, I have 16 days as I am backup server for some people # whom go on holiday with their server switched off. maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d # max and min time in seconds between retries if connection failed minimal_backoff_time = 1000s maximal_backoff_time = 8000s # how long to wait when servers connect before receiving rest of data smtp_helo_timeout = 60s # how many address can be used in one message. # effective stopper to mass spammers, accidental copy in whole address list # but may restrict intentional mail shots. smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 # how many error before back off. smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 # how many max errors before blocking it. smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 # Requirements for the HELO statement smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit # Requirements for the sender details smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit # Requirements for the connecting server smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org # Requirement for the recipient address smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining # require proper helo at connections smtpd_helo_required = yes # waste spammers time before rejecting them smtpd_delay_reject = yes disable_vrfy_command = yes # not sure of the difference of the next two # but they are needed for local aliasing alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases # this specifies where the virtual mailbox folders will be located virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/vmail # this is for the mailbox location for each user virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf # and this is for aliases virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf # and this is for domain lookups virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf # this is how to connect to the domains (all virtual, but the option is there) # not used yet # transport_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_transport.cf # Setup the uid/gid of the owner of the mail files - static:5000 allows virtual ones virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 inet_protocols=all # Cyrus SASL Support smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd smtpd_sasl_local_domain = xxxxx.com ####################### ## OLD CONFIGURATION ## ####################### #myorigin = /etc/mailname #mydestination = crazyinsanoman.xxxxx.com, localhost, localhost.localdomain #mailbox_size_limit = 0 #recipient_delimiter = + #html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html message_size_limit = 30720000 #virtual_alias_domains = ##virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual #virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail ##luser_relay = webmaster #smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot #smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes #smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination #virtual_create_maildirsize = yes #virtual_maildir_extended = yes #proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps #virtual_transport = dovecot #dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 Here is my master.cf: # # Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format # of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master"). # # Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file. # # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - - - - smtpd submission inet n - - - - smtpd -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #smtps inet n - - - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - - - - qmqpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr fifo n - - 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp # When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops relay unix - - - - - smtp -o smtp_fallback_relay= # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # # Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery # agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient} # and other message envelope options. # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} # # ==================================================================== # # Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry. # # Specify in cyrus.conf: # lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4 # # Specify in main.cf one or more of the following: # mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # # ==================================================================== # # Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux) # Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1 # cyrus unix - n n - - pipe user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # Old example of delivery via Cyrus. # #old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # Other external delivery methods. # ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user} #dovecot unix - n n - - pipe # flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient} Here is what I'm using for /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf log_level: 7 pwcheck_method: saslauthd pwcheck_method: auxprop mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN CRAM-MD5 DIGEST-MD5 allow_plaintext: true auxprop_plugin: mysql sql_hostnames: 127.0.0.1 sql_user: xxxxx sql_passwd: xxxxx sql_database: maildb sql_select: select crypt from users where id = '%u' As you can see I'm trying to use mysql as my authentication method. The password in 'users' is set through the 'ENCRYPT()' function. I also followed the methods found in http://www.jimmy.co.at/weblog/?p=52 in order to redo /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd as that seems to be a lot of people's problems, but that didn't help at all. Also, here is my /etc/default/saslauthd START=yes DESC="SASL Authentication Daemon" NAME="saslauthd" # Which authentication mechanisms should saslauthd use? (default: pam) # # Available options in this Debian package: # getpwent -- use the getpwent() library function # kerberos5 -- use Kerberos 5 # pam -- use PAM # rimap -- use a remote IMAP server # shadow -- use the local shadow password file # sasldb -- use the local sasldb database file # ldap -- use LDAP (configuration is in /etc/saslauthd.conf) # # Only one option may be used at a time. See the saslauthd man page # for more information. # # Example: MECHANISMS="pam" MECHANISMS="pam" MECH_OPTIONS="" THREADS=5 OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd -r" I had heard that potentially changing MECHANISM to MECHANISMS="mysql" but obviously that didn't help as is shown by the options listed above and also by trying it out anyway in case the documentation was outdated. So, I'm now at a loss... I have no idea where to go from here or what steps I need to do to get this working =/ Anyone have any ideas? EDIT: Here is the error that is coming from auth.log ... I don't know if this will help at all, but here you go: Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql auxprop plugin using mysql engine Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: begin transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from userPassword user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from cmusaslsecretPLAIN user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: commit transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: begin transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from userPassword user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from cmusaslsecretPLAIN user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: commit transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1'

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  • Lock down Wiki access to password only but remain open to a subnet via .htaccess

    - by Treffynnon
    Basically we have a Wiki that has some sensitive information stored in it - not the best I know but my predecessor set it up. I want to be able to request password access from any one who is not on the local network subnet. Those on the local subnet should be able to proceed without entering a password. The following .htaccess does not seem to work any more as it is letting non-local access without requiring the password: AuthName "Our Wiki" AuthType Basic AuthUserFile /path/to/passwd/file AuthGroupFile /dev/null Require valid-user Allow from 192.168 Satisfy Any order deny,allow And I cannot work out why. The WikkaWiki it is supposed to be protecting was recently upgraded, which clobbered the .htaccess file so I restored the above from memory/googling. Maybe I am missing an important directive? The full .htaccess is as follows: AuthName "Our Wiki" AuthType Basic AuthUserFile /path/to/passwd/file AuthGroupFile /dev/null Require valid-user Allow from 192.168 Satisfy Any SetEnvIfNoCase Referer ".*($LIST_OF_ADULT_WORDS).*" BadReferrer order deny,allow deny from env=BadReferrer <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> # turn on rewrite engine RewriteEngine on RewriteBase / # if request is a directory, make sure it ends with a slash RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d RewriteRule ^(.*/[^/]+)$ $1/ # if not rewritten before, AND requested file is wikka.php # turn request into a query for a default (unspecified) page RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} !wakka= RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} wikka.php RewriteRule ^(.*)$ wikka.php?wakka= [QSA,L] # if not rewritten before, AND requested file is a page name # turn request into a query for that page name for wikka.php RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} !wakka= RewriteRule ^(.*)$ wikka.php?wakka=$1 [QSA,L] </IfModule>

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  • Is TrueCrypt truly safe?

    - by Alfred
    Hi. I have been using TrueCrypt for a long time now. However, someone pointed me to a link that described the problems with the license. IANAL and so it really didn't make much sense to me, however I wanted my encryption software to be open source - not because I could hack into it but because I could trust it. Some of the issues with it I have noticed: There is no VCS for the source code. Is this OK? There are no change logs. The forums are a bad place to be. They ban even if you ask a genuine question. Who really owns TrueCrypt? There were some reports of tinkering with the md5 checksums. To be honest, the only reason why I used TrueCrypt was because it was open source. But however, somethings are just not right. Has anyone ever validated the security of TrueCrypt? Should I really be worried? Yes I am paranoid; if I use an encryption software, I trust it with all my life. If all my concerns are genuine, is there any other open source alternative to TrueCrypt?

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  • Very slow write performance on Debian 6.0 (AMD64) with DMCRYPT/LVM/RAID1

    - by jdelic
    I'm seeing very strange performance characteristics on one of my servers. This server is running a simple two-disk software-RAID1 setup with LVM spanning /dev/md0. One of the logical volumes /dev/vg0/secure is encrypted using dmcrypt with LUKS and mounted with the sync and noatimes flag. Writing to that volume is incredibly slow at 1.8 MB/s and the CPU usage stays near 0%. There are 8 crpyto/1-8 processes running (it's a Intel Quadcore CPU). I hope that someone on serverfault has seen this before :-(. uname -a 2.6.32-5-xen-amd64 #1 SMP Tue Mar 8 00:01:30 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux Interestingly, when I read from the device I get good performance numbers: reading without encryption: $ dd if=/dev/vg0/secure of=/dev/null bs=64k count=100000 100000+0 records in 100000+0 records out 6553600000 bytes (6.6 GB) copied, 68.8951 s, 95.1 MB/s reading with encryption: $ dd if=/dev/mapper/secure of=/dev/null bs=64k count=100000 100000+0 records in 100000+0 records out 6553600000 bytes (6.6 GB) copied, 69.7116 s, 94.0 MB/s However, when I try to write to the device: $ dd if=/dev/zero of=./test bs=64k 8809+0 records in 8809+0 records out 577306624 bytes (577 MB) copied, 321.861 s, 1.8 MB/s Also, when I read I see CPU usage, when I write, the CPU stays at almost 0% usage. Here is output of cryptsetup luksDump: LUKS header information for /dev/vg0/secure Version: 1 Cipher name: aes Cipher mode: cbc-essiv:sha256 Hash spec: sha1 Payload offset: 2056 MK bits: 256 MK digest: dd 62 b9 a5 bf 6c ec 23 36 22 92 4c 39 f8 d6 5d c1 3a b7 37 MK salt: cc 2e b3 d9 fb e3 86 a1 bb ab eb 9d 65 df b3 dd d9 6b f4 49 de 8f 85 7d 3b 1c 90 83 5d b2 87 e2 MK iterations: 44500 UUID: a7c9af61-d9f0-4d3f-b422-dddf16250c33 Key Slot 0: ENABLED Iterations: 178282 Salt: 60 24 cb be 5c 51 9f b4 85 64 3d f8 07 22 54 d4 1a 5f 4c bc 4b 82 76 48 d8 a2 d2 6a ee 13 d7 5d Key material offset: 8 AF stripes: 4000 Key Slot 1: DISABLED Key Slot 2: DISABLED Key Slot 3: DISABLED Key Slot 4: DISABLED Key Slot 5: DISABLED Key Slot 6: DISABLED Key Slot 7: DISABLED

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  • .htaccess authorization requiring username/password for every resource

    - by webworm
    I am using Apache2 on Ubuntu and I have having some "weird" user authorization issues. I am using .htaccess to control access to my directories. I have many users and have grouped them into user groups which are defined in a "group" file. I then use .htaccess within each directory to define which users have access to the directory and which do not. Here is an example .htaccess file. AuthUserFile /var/local/.htpasswd AuthGroupFile /var/local/groups AuthName "Username and Password Required" AuthType Basic require group design admin Everything is working with one exception. I added a new user to one of my groups and though they can gain access to the directory they are prompted for a username and password for every resource (i.e. image, CSS). After a while I can just keep selecting "cancel" and I will get a page with just html with no images or CSS. I would think the browser would just cache the username/password. It seems to be working well for other users. Any thoughts?

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  • .htaccess authorization requiring username/password for every resource

    - by webworm
    I am using Apache2 on Ubuntu and I have having some "weird" user authorization issues. I am using .htaccess to control access to my directories. I have many users and have grouped them into user groups which are defined in a "group" file. I then use .htaccess within each directory to define which users have access to the directory and which do not. Here is an example .htaccess file. AuthUserFile /var/local/.htpasswd AuthGroupFile /var/local/groups AuthName "Username and Password Required" AuthType Basic require group design admin Everything is working with one exception. I added a new user to one of my groups and though they can gain access to the directory they are prompted for a username and password for every resource (i.e. image, CSS). After a while I can just keep selecting "cancel" and I will get a page with just html with no images or CSS. I would think the browser would just cache the username/password. It seems to be working well for other users. Any thoughts?

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  • Password Protect XML-RPC

    - by Terence Eden
    I have a service running on a server which I want to access via XML-RPC. I've installed all the necessary bits. Within /etc/apache2/httpd.conf I have the single line SCGIMount /RPC2 127.0.0.1:5000 I can run xmlrpc commands from my server - and any server which connects to /RPC2. What I want to do is password protect the directory to stop unauthorised usage. Within /etc/apache2/httpd.conf I've added <Location /RPC2> AuthName "Private" AuthType Basic AuthBasicProvider file AuthUserFile /home/me/myhtpasswd Require user me </Location> Trying to access /RPC2 brings up the "Authorization Required" box and it accepts my username and password. However, xmlrpc now doesn't work! If I run xmlrpc localhost some_command on my server, I get the error Failed. Call failed. HTTP response code is 401, not 200. (XML-RPC fault code -504) Is there any way I can password protect my /RPC2 directory and have xmlrpc commands work?

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