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  • What's the benefit of calling new on an object instance?

    - by Geo
    I'm reading [Programming Perl][1], and I found this code snippet: sub new { my $invocant = shift; my $class = ref($invocant) || $invocant; my $self = { color => "bay", legs => 4, owner => undef, @_, # Override previous attributes }; return bless $self, $class; } With constructors like this one, what's the benefit of calling new on an object instance? I assume that it's what it's for, right? My guess is that if anyone would want to write such a constructor, he would have to add some more code that copies the attributes of the first object to the one about to be created.

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  • Reading from a very large table using multiple threads (Java ) and writing them to a single file

    - by user2534926
    I am currently facing a situation where i have a table with almost 80 millions data and i have to take a dump of that table and store it into a csv file. Currently i am using a not so professional approach( with a perl script+DBI interface , printing the values to stdout and redirecting to a csv file). Now i am planning to use java threading approach. Can you suggest a way forward. Thanks in advance

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  • .NET 4.0 Dynamic object used statically?

    - by Kevin Won
    I've gotten quite sick of XML configuration files in .NET and want to replace them with a format that is more sane. Therefore, I'm writing a config file parser for C# applications that will take a custom config file format, parse it, and create a Python source string that I can then execute in C# and use as a static object (yes that's right--I want a static (not the static type dyanamic) object in the end). Here's an example of what my config file looks like: // my custom config file format GlobalName: ExampleApp Properties { ExternalServiceTimeout: "120" } Python { // this allows for straight python code to be added to handle custom config def MyCustomPython: return "cool" } Using ANTLR I've created a Lexer/Parser that will convert this format to a Python script. So assume I have that all right and can take the .config above and run my Lexer/Parser on it to get a Python script out the back (this has the added benefit of giving me a validation tool for my config). By running the resultant script in C# // simplified example of getting the dynamic python object in C# // (not how I really do it) ScriptRuntime py = Python.CreateRuntime(); dynamic conf = py.UseFile("conftest.py"); dynamic t = conf.GetConfTest("test"); I can get a dynamic object that has my configuration settings. I can now get my config file settings in C# by invoking a dynamic method on that object: //C# calling a method on the dynamic python object var timeout = t.GetProperty("ExternalServiceTimeout"); //the config also allows for straight Python scripting (via the Python block) var special = t.MyCustonPython(); of course, I have no type safety here and no intellisense support. I have a dynamic representation of my config file, but I want a static one. I know what my Python object's type is--it is actually newing up in instance of a C# class. But since it's happening in python, it's type is not the C# type, but dynamic instead. What I want to do is then cast the object back to the C# type that I know the object is: // doesn't work--can't cast a dynamic to a static type (nulls out) IConfigSettings staticTypeConfig = t as IConfigSettings Is there any way to figure out how to cast the object to the static type? I'm rather doubtful that there is... so doubtful that I took another approach of which I'm not entirely sure about. I'm wondering if someone has a better way... So here's my current tactic: since I know the type of the python object, I am creating a C# wrapper class: public class ConfigSettings : IConfigSettings that takes in a dynamic object in the ctor: public ConfigSettings(dynamic settings) { this.DynamicProxy = settings; } public dynamic DynamicProxy { get; private set; } Now I have a reference to the Python dynamic object of which I know the type. So I can then just put wrappers around the Python methods that I know are there: // wrapper access to the underlying dynamic object // this makes my dynamic object appear 'static' public string GetSetting(string key) { return this.DynamicProxy.GetProperty(key).ToString(); } Now the dynamic object is accessed through this static proxy and thus can obviously be passed around in the static C# world via interface, etc: // dependency inject the dynamic object around IBusinessLogic logic = new BusinessLogic(IConfigSettings config); This solution has the benefits of all the static typing stuff we know and love while at the same time giving me the option of 'bailing out' to dynamic too: // the DynamicProxy property give direct access to the dynamic object var result = config.DynamicProxy.MyCustomPython(); but, man, this seems rather convoluted way of getting to an object that is a static type in the first place! Since the whole dynamic/static interaction world is new to me, I'm really questioning if my solution is optimal or if I'm missing something (i.e. some way of casting that dynamic object to a known static type) about how to bridge the chasm between these two universes.

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  • Is there a design pattern to cut down on code duplication when subclassing Activities in Android?

    - by Daniel Lew
    I've got a common task that I do with some Activities - downloading data then displaying it. I've got the downloading part down pat; it is, of course, a little tricky due to the possibility of the user changing the orientation or cancelling the Activity before the download is complete, but the code is there. There is enough code handling these cases such that I don't want to have to copy/paste it to each Activity I have, so I thought to create an abstract subclass Activity itself such that it handles a single background download which then launches a method which fills the page with data. This all works. The issue is that, due to single inheritance, I am forced to recreate the exact same class for any other type of Activity - for example, I use Activity, ListActivity and MapActivity. To use the same technique for all three requires three duplicate classes, except each extends a different Activity. Is there a design pattern that can cut down on the code duplication? As it stands, I have saved much duplication already, but it pains me to see the exact same code in three classes just so that they each subclass a different type of Activity.

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  • Is context inheritance, as shown by Head First Design Patterns' Duck example, irrelevant to strategy pattern?

    - by Korey Hinton
    In Head First Design Patterns it teaches the strategy pattern by using a Duck example where different subclasses of Duck can be assigned a particular behavior at runtime. From my understanding the purpose of the strategy pattern is to change an object's behavior at runtime. Emphasis on "an" meaning one. Could I further simplify this example by just having a Duck class (no derived classes)? Then when implementing one duck object it can be assigned different behaviors based on certain circumstances that aren't dependent on its own object type. For example: FlyBehavior changes based on the weather or QuackBehavior changes based on the time of day or how hungry a duck is. Would my example above constitute the strategy pattern as well? Is context inheritance (Duck) irrelevant to the strategy pattern or is that the reason for the strategy pattern? Here is the UML diagram from the Head First book:

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  • Is creating a separate pool for each individual image created from a png appropriate?

    - by Panzercrisis
    I'm still possibly a little green about object-pooling, and I want to make sure something like this is a sound design pattern before really embarking upon it. Take the following code (which uses the Starling framework in ActionScript 3): [Embed(source = "/../assets/images/game/misc/red_door.png")] private const RED_DOOR:Class; private const RED_DOOR_TEXTURE:Texture = Texture.fromBitmap(new RED_DOOR()); private const m_vRedDoorPool:Vector.<Image> = new Vector.<Image>(50, true); . . . public function produceRedDoor():Image { // get a Red Door image } public function retireRedDoor(pImage:Image):void { // retire a Red Door Image } Except that there are four colors: red, green, blue, and yellow. So now we have a separate pool for each color, a separate produce function for each color, and a separate retire function for each color. Additionally there are several items in the game that follow this 4-color pattern, so for each of them, we have four pools, four produce functions, and four retire functions. There are more colors involved in the images themselves than just their predominant one, so trying to throw all the doors, for instance, in a single pool, and then changing their color properties around isn't going to work. Also the nonexistence of the static keyword is due to its slowness in AS3. Is this the right way to do things?

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  • Is creating a separate pool for each individual png image in the same class appropriate?

    - by Panzercrisis
    I'm still possibly a little green about object-pooling, and I want to make sure something like this is a sound design pattern before really embarking upon it. Take the following code (which uses the Starling framework in ActionScript 3): [Embed(source = "/../assets/images/game/misc/red_door.png")] private const RED_DOOR:Class; private const RED_DOOR_TEXTURE:Texture = Texture.fromBitmap(new RED_DOOR()); private const m_vRedDoorPool:Vector.<Image> = new Vector.<Image>(50, true); . . . public function produceRedDoor():Image { // get a Red Door image } public function retireRedDoor(pImage:Image):void { // retire a Red Door Image } Except that there are four colors: red, green, blue, and yellow. So now we have a separate pool for each color, a separate produce function for each color, and a separate retire function for each color. Additionally there are several items in the game that follow this 4-color pattern, so for each of them, we have four pools, four produce functions, and four retire functions. There are more colors involved in the images themselves than just their predominant one, so trying to throw all the doors, for instance, in a single pool, and then changing their color properties around isn't going to work. Also the nonexistence of the static keyword is due to its slowness in AS3. Is this the right way to do things?

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  • Where is meta.local_fields set in django.db.models.base.py ?

    - by BryanWheelock
    I'm getting the error: Exception Value: (1110, "Column 'about' specified twice") As I was reviewing the Django error page, I noticed that the customizations the model User, seem to be appended to the List twice. This seems to be happening here in django/db/model/base.py in base_save(): values = [(f, f.get_db_prep_save(raw and getattr(self, f.attname) or f.pre_save(self, True))) for f in meta.local_fields] this is what Django error page shows values to be: values = [(<django.db.models.fields.CharField object at 0xa78996c>, u'kallie'), (<django.db.models.fields.CharField object at 0xa7899cc>, ''), (<django.db.models.fields.CharField object at 0xa789a2c>, ''), (<django.db.models.fields.EmailField object at 0xa789a8c>, u'[email protected]'), (<django.db.models.fields.CharField object at 0xa789b2c>, 'sha1$d4a80$0e5xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxddadfb07'), (<django.db.models.fields.BooleanField object at 0xa789bcc>, False), (<django.db.models.fields.BooleanField object at 0xa789c6c>, True), (<django.db.models.fields.BooleanField object at 0xa789d2c>, False), (<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField object at 0xa789dcc>, u'2010-02-03 14:54:35'), (<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField object at 0xa789e2c>, u'2010-02-03 14:54:35'), # this is where the values from the User model customizations show up (<django.db.models.fields.BooleanField object at 0xa8c69ac>, False), (<django.db.models.fields.CharField object at 0xa8c688c>, None), (<django.db.models.fields.PositiveIntegerField object at 0xa8c69cc>, 1), (<django.db.models.fields.CharField object at 0xa8c69ec>, 'b5ab1603b2308xxxxxxxxxxx75bca1'), (<django.db.models.fields.SmallIntegerField object at 0xa8c6dac>, 0), (<django.db.models.fields.SmallIntegerField object at 0xa8c6e4c>, 0), (<django.db.models.fields.SmallIntegerField object at 0xa8c6e8c>, 0), (<django.db.models.fields.SmallIntegerField object at 0xa8c6ecc>, 10), (<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField object at 0xa8c6eec>, u'2010-02-03 14:54:35'), (<django.db.models.fields.CharField object at 0xa8c6f2c>, ''), (<django.db.models.fields.URLField object at 0xa8c6f6c>, ''), (<django.db.models.fields.CharField object at 0xa8c6fac>, ''), (<django.db.models.fields.DateField object at 0xa8c6fec>, None), (<django.db.models.fields.TextField object at 0xa8cb04c>, ''), # at this point User model customizations repeats itself (<django.db.models.fields.BooleanField object at 0xa663b0c>, False), (<django.db.models.fields.CharField object at 0xaa1e94c>, None), (<django.db.models.fields.PositiveIntegerField object at 0xaa1e34c>, 1), (<django.db.models.fields.CharField object at 0xaa1e40c>, 'b5ab1603b2308050ebd62f49ca75bca1'), (<django.db.models.fields.SmallIntegerField object at 0xa8c6d8c>, 0), (<django.db.models.fields.SmallIntegerField object at 0xaa2378c>, 0), (<django.db.models.fields.SmallIntegerField object at 0xaa237ac>, 0), (<django.db.models.fields.SmallIntegerField object at 0xaa237ec>, 10), (<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField object at 0xaa2380c>, u'2010-02-03 14:54:35'), (<django.db.models.fields.CharField object at 0xaa2384c>, ''), (<django.db.models.fields.URLField object at 0xaa2388c>, ''), (<django.db.models.fields.CharField object at 0xaa238cc>, ''), (<django.db.models.fields.DateField object at 0xaa2390c>, None), (<django.db.models.fields.TextField object at 0xaa2394c>, '')] Since this app is in Production, I can't figure out how to use pdb.set_trace() to see what's going on inside of save_base. The customizations to User are: User.add_to_class('email_isvalid', models.BooleanField(default=False)) User.add_to_class('email_key', models.CharField(max_length=16, null=True)) User.add_to_class('reputation', models.PositiveIntegerField(default=1)) User.add_to_class('gravatar', models.CharField(max_length=32)) User.add_to_class('email_feeds', generic.GenericRelation(EmailFeed)) User.add_to_class('favorite_questions', models.ManyToManyField(Question, through=FavoriteQuestion, related_name='favorited_by')) User.add_to_class('badges', models.ManyToManyField(Badge, through=Award, related_name='awarded_to')) User.add_to_class('gold', models.SmallIntegerField(default=0)) User.add_to_class('silver', models.SmallIntegerField(default=0)) User.add_to_class('bronze', models.SmallIntegerField(default=0)) User.add_to_class('questions_per_page', models.SmallIntegerField(choices=QUESTIONS_PER_PAGE_CHOICES, default=10)) User.add_to_class('last_seen', models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)) User.add_to_class('real_name', models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True)) User.add_to_class('website', models.URLField(max_length=200, blank=True)) User.add_to_class('location', models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True)) User.add_to_class('date_of_birth', models.DateField(null=True, blank=True)) User.add_to_class('about', models.TextField(blank=True)) Django1.1.1 Python 2.5

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  • Servlet mapping url patterns

    - by Scobal
    I have the following urls that need mapping to two different servlets. Can anyone suggest a working url-pattern please? vehlocsearch-ws: /ws/vehlocsearch/vehlocsearch /ws/vehavailrate/vehavailratevehlocsearch /ws/vehavailrate/vehavailratevehlocsearch.wsdl vehavailrate-ws: /ws/vehavailrate/vehavailrate /ws/vehavailrate/vehavailratevehavailrate /ws/vehavailrate/vehavailratevehavailrate.wsdl So far I have this, which feels right, but isn't: <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>vehlocsearch-ws</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.vehlocsearch*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>vehavailrate-ws</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.vehavailrate*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> Note: I have no control over the incoming urls

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  • Why cant we create Object if constructor is in private section?

    - by Abhi
    Dear all I want to know why cant we create object if the constructor is in private section. I know that if i make a method static i can call that method using <classname> :: <methodname(...)>; But why cant we create object is my doubt... I also know if my method is not static then also i can call function by the following... class A { A(); public: void fun1(); void fun2(); void fun3(); }; int main() { A *obj =(A*)malloc(sizeof(A)); //Here we can't use new A() because constructor is in private //but we can use malloc with it, but it will not call the constructor //and hence it is harmful because object may not be in usable state. obj->fun1(); obj->fun2(); obj->fun3(); } So only doubt is why cant we create object when constructor is in private section? Thanks in advance

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  • How do I add an object to a binary tree based on the value of a member variable?

    - by Max
    How can I get a specific value from an object? I'm trying to get a value of an instance for eg. ListOfPpl newListOfPpl = new ListOfPpl(id, name, age); Object item = newListOfPpl; How can I get a value of name from an Object item?? Even if it is easy or does not interest you can anyone help me?? Edited: I was trying to build a binary tree contains the node of ListOfPpl, and need to sort it in the lexicographic. Here's my code for insertion on the node. Any clue?? public void insert(Object item){ Node current = root; Node follow = null; if(!isEmpty()){ root = new Node(item, null, null); return; }boolean left = false, right = false; while(current != null){ follow = current; left = false; right = false; //I need to compare and sort it if(item.compareTo(current.getFighter()) < 0){ current = current.getLeft(); left = true; }else { current = current.getRight(); right = true; } }if(left) follow.setLeft(new Node(item, null, null)); else follow.setRight(new Node(item, null, null)); }

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  • [javascript] Can I overload an object with a function?

    - by user257493
    Lets say I have an object of functions/values. I'm interested in overloading based on calling behavior. For example, this block of code below demonstrates what I wish to do. var main_thing = { initalized: false, something: "Hallo, welt!", something_else: [123,456,789], load: { sub1 : function() { //Some stuff }, sub2 : function() { //Some stuff }, all : function() { this.load.sub1(); this.load.sub2(); } } init: function () { this.initalized=true; this.something="Hello, world!"; this.something_else = [0,0,0]; this.load(); //I want this to call this.load.all() instead. } } The issue to me is that main_thing.load is assigned to an object, and to call main_thing.load.all() would call the function inside of the object (the () operator). What can I do to set up my code so I could use main_thing.load as an access the object, and main_thing.load() to execute some code? Or at least, similar behavior. Basically, this would be similar to a default constructor in other languages where you don't need to call main_thing.constructor(). If this isn't possible, please explain with a bit of detail.

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  • How to design a scalable notification system?

    - by Trent
    I need to write a notification system manager. Here is my requirements: I need to be able to send a Notification on different platforms, which may be totally different (for exemple, I need to be able to send either an SMS or an E-mail). Sometimes the notification may be the same for all recipients for a given platform, but sometimes it may be a notification per recipients (or several) per platform. Each notification can contain platform specific payload (for exemple an MMS can contains a sound or an image). The system need to be scalable, I need to be able to send a very large amount of notification without crashing either the application or the server. It is a two step process, first a customer may type a message and choose a platform to send to, and the notification(s) should be created to be processed either real-time either later. Then the system needs to send the notification to the platform provider. For now, I end up with some though but I don't know how scalable it will be or if it is a good design. I've though of the following objects (in a pseudo language): a generic Notification object: class Notification { String $message; Payload $payload; Collection<Recipient> $recipients; } The problem with the following objects is what if I've 1.000.000 recipients ? Even if the Recipient object is very small, it'll take too much memory. I could also create one Notification per recipient, but some platform providers requires me to send it in batch, meaning I need to define one Notification with several Recipients. Each created notification could be stored in a persistent storage like a DB or Redis. Would it be a good it to aggregate this later to make sure it is scalable? On the second step, I need to process this notification. But how could I distinguish the notification to the right platform provider? Should I use an object like MMSNotification extending an abstract Notification? or something like Notification.setType('MMS')? To allow to process a lot of notification at the same time, I think a messaging queue system like RabbitMQ may be the right tool. Is it? It would allow me to queue a lot of notification and have several worker to pop notification and process them. But what if I need to batch the recipients as seen above? Then I imagine a NotificationProcessor object for which I could I add NotificationHandler each NotificationHandler would be in charge to connect the platform provider and perform notification. I can also use an EventManager to allow pluggable behavior. Any feedbacks or ideas? Thanks for giving your time. Note: I'm used to work in PHP and it is likely the language of my choice.

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  • Difference between "Data Binding'","Data Hiding","Data Wraping" and "Encapsulation"?

    - by krishna Chandra
    I have been studying the conpects of Object oriented programming. Still I am not able to distinguish between the following concepts of object oriented programming.. a) Data Binding b) Data Hiding c) Data Wrapping d) encapsulation e) Data Abstraction I have gone through a lot of books ,and I also search the difference in google. but still I am not able to make the difference between these? Could anyone please help me ?

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  • Diff 2 large XML files to produce a delta xml file

    - by aniln
    Need to be able to diff 2 large / very large XML files and produce the delta XML file. Also, as this process will be part of a larger automated process on below hardware / OS config. Machine hardware: sun4v OS version: 5.10 Processor type: sparc Hardware: SUNW,SPARC-Enterprise-T5220 Please let me know if there's an installable application on Solaris which can be called as part of a ksh script Example: Run driver_script.ksh Above script will have a line: xml_delta file1.xml file2.xml delta_file.xml where xml_delta is the installable application which produces the delta file after comparing file1.xml and file2.xml

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  • Good text editors or viewers for large log files

    - by Kristopher Johnson
    Log files and other textual data files are often tens or hundreds of megabytes in size, and some editors choke when you try to open something so large. What are some good applications for viewing large files? Bonus points for apps that can open compressed files, search for things with regular expressions, parse output lines, etc.

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  • Windows 2008 R2 large file copy causes Hyper-V Manager to stop responding

    - by maryeileen
    I'm using the EXPORT feature in Hyper-V to move a large Virtual Machine (VM) over a 1GB network from a Windows 2008 to a Windows 2008 R2 box (200GB) and its so intense that I get the following icon on my destination Hyper-V manager: Is this expected? Is there another way to get large file across the network and minimize this intense I/O effect? Anyones else ever seen that Do Not Enter sign? The other VMs are functional but slow, but I'm guessing that is expected.

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  • Saving table yields "Record is too large" in Access

    - by C. Ross
    I have an access database that I gave to a user (shame on my head). They were having trouble with some data being too long, so I suggested changing several text fields to memo fields. I tried this in my copy and it worked perfectly, but when the user tries it they get a "Record is too large" messagebox on saving the modified table design. Obviously the same record is not too large in my database, why would it be in theirs?

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  • MySQL reclaim index space after large delete?

    - by cdunn
    After performing a large delete in MySQL, I understand you need to run a NULL ALTER to reclaim disk space, is this also true for reclaiming index space? We have tables using 10G of index space and have deleted/archived large chunks of this data and unsure if we need to rebuild the table in order to decrease the size of the index. Can anyone offer any advice? We are trying to avoid rebuilding the table since it would take quite awhile and lock the table. Thanks!

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  • First toe in the water with Object Databases : DB4O

    - by REA_ANDREW
    I have been wanting to have a play with Object Databases for a while now, and today I have done just that.  One of the obvious choices I had to make was which one to use.  My criteria for choosing one today was simple, I wanted one which I could literally wack in and start using, which means I wanted one which either had a .NET API or was designed/ported to .NET.  My decision was between two being: db4o MongoDb I went for db4o for the single reason that it looked like I could get it running and integrated the quickest.  I am making a Blogging application and front end as a project with which I can test and learn with these object databases.  Another requirement which I thought I would mention is that I also want to be able to use the said database in a shared hosting environment where I cannot install, run and maintain a server instance of said object database.  I can do exactly this with db4o. I have not tried to do this with MongoDb at time of writing.  There are quite a few in the industry now and you read an interesting post about different ones and how they are used with some of the heavy weights in the industry here : http://blog.marcua.net/post/442594842/notes-from-nosql-live-boston-2010 In the example which I am building I am using StructureMap as my IOC.  To inject the object for db4o I went with a Singleton instance scope as I am using a single file and I need this to be available to any thread on in the process as opposed to using the server implementation where I could open and close client connections with the server handling each one respectively.  Again I want to point out that I have chosen to stick with the non server implementation of db4o as I wanted to use this in a shared hosting environment where I cannot have such servers installed and run.     public static class Bootstrapper    {        public static void ConfigureStructureMap()        {            ObjectFactory.Initialize(x => x.AddRegistry(new MyApplicationRegistry()));        }    }    public class MyApplicationRegistry : Registry    {        public const string DB4O_FILENAME = "blog123";        public string DbPath        {            get            {                return Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetAssembly(typeof(IBlogRepository)).Location), DB4O_FILENAME);            }        }        public MyApplicationRegistry()        {            For<IObjectContainer>().Singleton().Use(                () => Db4oEmbedded.OpenFile(Db4oEmbedded.NewConfiguration(), DbPath));            Scan(assemblyScanner =>            {                assemblyScanner.TheCallingAssembly();                assemblyScanner.WithDefaultConventions();            });        }    } So my code above is the structure map plumbing which I use for the application.  I am doing this simply as a quick scratch pad to play around with different things so I am simply segregating logical layers with folder structure as opposed to different assemblies.  It will be easy if I want to do this with any segment but for the purposes of example I have literally just wacked everything in the one assembly.  You can see an example file structure I have on the right.  I am planning on testing out a few implementations of the object databases out there so I can program to an interface of IBlogRepository One of the things which I was unsure about was how it performed under a multi threaded environment which it will undoubtedly be used 9 times out of 10, and for the reason that I am using the db context as a singleton, I assumed that the library was of course thread safe but I did not know as I have not read any where in the documentation, again this is probably me not reading things correctly.  In short though I threw together a simple test where I simply iterate to a limit each time kicking a common task off with a thread from a thread pool.  This task simply created and added an random Post and added it to the storage. The execution of the threads I put inside the Setup of the Test and then simply ensure the number of posts committed to the database is equal to the number of iterations I made; here is the code I used to do the multi thread jobs: [TestInitialize] public void Setup() { var sw = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch(); sw.Start(); var resetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false); ThreadPool.SetMaxThreads(20, 20); for (var i = 0; i < MAX_ITERATIONS; i++) { ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(delegate(object state) { var eventToReset = (ManualResetEvent)state; var post = new Post { Author = MockUser, Content = "Mock Content", Title = "Title" }; Repository.Put(post); var counter = Interlocked.Decrement(ref _threadCounter); if (counter == 0) eventToReset.Set(); }, resetEvent); } WaitHandle.WaitAll(new[] { resetEvent }); sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine("{0:00}.{1:00} seconds", sw.Elapsed.Seconds, sw.Elapsed.Milliseconds); }   I was not doing this to test out the speed performance of db4o but while I was doing this I could not help but put in a StopWatch and see out of sheer interest how fast it would take to insert a number of Posts.  I tested it out in this case with 10000 inserts of a small, simple POCO and it resulted in an average of:  899.36 object inserts / second.  Again this is just  simple crude test which came out of my curiosity at how it performed under many threads when using the non server implementation of db4o. The spec summary of the computer I used is as follows: With regards to the actual Repository implementation itself, it really is quite straight forward and I have to say I am very surprised at how easy it was to integrate and get up and running.  One thing I have noticed in the exposure I have had so far is that the Query returns IList<T> as opposed to IQueryable<T> but again I have not looked into this in depth and this could be there already and if not they have provided everything one needs to make there own repository.  An example of a couple of methods from by db4o implementation of the BlogRepository is below: public class BlogRepository : IBlogRepository { private readonly IObjectContainer _db; public BlogRepository(IObjectContainer db) { _db = db; } public void Put(DomainObject obj) { _db.Store(obj); } public void Delete(DomainObject obj) { _db.Delete(obj); } public Post GetByKey(object key) { return _db.Query<Post>(post => post.Key == key).FirstOrDefault(); } … Anyways I hope to get a few more implementations going of the object databases and literally just get familiarized with them and the concept of no sql databases. Cheers for now, Andrew

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  • Large Object Heap Fragmentation

    - by Paul Ruane
    The C#/.NET application I am working on is suffering from a slow memory leak. I have used CDB with SOS to try to determine what is happening but the data does not seem to make any sense so I was hoping one of you may have experienced this before. The application is running on the 64 bit framework. It is continuously calculating and serialising data to a remote host and is hitting the Large Object Heap (LOH) a fair bit. However, most of the LOH objects I expect to be transient: once the calculation is complete and has been sent to the remote host, the memory should be freed. What I am seeing, however, is a large number of (live) object arrays interleaved with free blocks of memory, e.g., taking a random segment from the LOH: 0:000> !DumpHeap 000000005b5b1000 000000006351da10 Address MT Size ... 000000005d4f92e0 0000064280c7c970 16147872 000000005e45f880 00000000001661d0 1901752 Free 000000005e62fd38 00000642788d8ba8 1056 <-- 000000005e630158 00000000001661d0 5988848 Free 000000005ebe6348 00000642788d8ba8 1056 000000005ebe6768 00000000001661d0 6481336 Free 000000005f214d20 00000642788d8ba8 1056 000000005f215140 00000000001661d0 7346016 Free 000000005f9168a0 00000642788d8ba8 1056 000000005f916cc0 00000000001661d0 7611648 Free 00000000600591c0 00000642788d8ba8 1056 00000000600595e0 00000000001661d0 264808 Free ... Obviously I would expect this to be the case if my application were creating long-lived, large objects during each calculation. (It does do this and I accept there will be a degree of LOH fragmentation but that is not the problem here.) The problem is the very small (1056 byte) object arrays you can see in the above dump which I cannot see in code being created and which are remaining rooted somehow. Also note that CDB is not reporting the type when the heap segment is dumped: I am not sure if this is related or not. If I dump the marked (<--) object, CDB/SOS reports it fine: 0:015> !DumpObj 000000005e62fd38 Name: System.Object[] MethodTable: 00000642788d8ba8 EEClass: 00000642789d7660 Size: 1056(0x420) bytes Array: Rank 1, Number of elements 128, Type CLASS Element Type: System.Object Fields: None The elements of the object array are all strings and the strings are recognisable as from our application code. Also, I am unable to find their GC roots as the !GCRoot command hangs and never comes back (I have even tried leaving it overnight). So, I would very much appreciate it if anyone could shed any light as to why these small (<85k) object arrays are ending up on the LOH: what situations will .NET put a small object array in there? Also, does anyone happen to know of an alternative way of ascertaining the roots of these objects? Thanks in advance. Update 1 Another theory I came up with late yesterday is that these object arrays started out large but have been shrunk leaving the blocks of free memory that are evident in the memory dumps. What makes me suspicious is that the object arrays always appear to be 1056 bytes long (128 elements), 128 * 8 for the references and 32 bytes of overhead. The idea is that perhaps some unsafe code in a library or in the CLR is corrupting the number of elements field in the array header. Bit of a long shot I know... Update 2 Thanks to Brian Rasmussen (see accepted answer) the problem has been identified as fragmentation of the LOH caused by the string intern table! I wrote a quick test application to confirm this: static void Main() { const int ITERATIONS = 100000; for (int index = 0; index < ITERATIONS; ++index) { string str = "NonInterned" + index; Console.Out.WriteLine(str); } Console.Out.WriteLine("Continue."); Console.In.ReadLine(); for (int index = 0; index < ITERATIONS; ++index) { string str = string.Intern("Interned" + index); Console.Out.WriteLine(str); } Console.Out.WriteLine("Continue?"); Console.In.ReadLine(); } The application first creates and dereferences unique strings in a loop. This is just to prove that the memory does not leak in this scenario. Obviously it should not and it does not. In the second loop, unique strings are created and interned. This action roots them in the intern table. What I did not realise is how the intern table is represented. It appears it consists of a set of pages -- object arrays of 128 string elements -- that are created in the LOH. This is more evident in CDB/SOS: 0:000> .loadby sos mscorwks 0:000> !EEHeap -gc Number of GC Heaps: 1 generation 0 starts at 0x00f7a9b0 generation 1 starts at 0x00e79c3c generation 2 starts at 0x00b21000 ephemeral segment allocation context: none segment begin allocated size 00b20000 00b21000 010029bc 0x004e19bc(5118396) Large object heap starts at 0x01b21000 segment begin allocated size 01b20000 01b21000 01b8ade0 0x00069de0(433632) Total Size 0x54b79c(5552028) ------------------------------ GC Heap Size 0x54b79c(5552028) Taking a dump of the LOH segment reveals the pattern I saw in the leaking application: 0:000> !DumpHeap 01b21000 01b8ade0 ... 01b8a120 793040bc 528 01b8a330 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a340 793040bc 528 01b8a550 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a560 793040bc 528 01b8a770 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a780 793040bc 528 01b8a990 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a9a0 793040bc 528 01b8abb0 00175e88 16 Free 01b8abc0 793040bc 528 01b8add0 00175e88 16 Free total 1568 objects Statistics: MT Count TotalSize Class Name 00175e88 784 12544 Free 793040bc 784 421088 System.Object[] Total 1568 objects Note that the object array size is 528 (rather than 1056) because my workstation is 32 bit and the application server is 64 bit. The object arrays are still 128 elements long. So the moral to this story is to be very careful interning. If the string you are interning is not known to be a member of a finite set then your application will leak due to fragmentation of the LOH, at least in version 2 of the CLR. In our application's case, there is general code in the deserialisation code path that interns entity identifiers during unmarshalling: I now strongly suspect this is the culprit. However, the developer's intentions were obviously good as they wanted to make sure that if the same entity is deserialised multiple times then only one instance of the identifier string will be maintained in memory.

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  • Pass variable to regular expression pattern string in jquery

    - by phil
    Is that possible to pass variable into regular expression pattern string in jquery ( or javascript)? For example, I want to validate a zip code input field every time while user type in a character by passing variable i to the regular expression pattern. How to do it right? $('#zip').keyup( function(){ var i=$('#zip').val().length for ( i; i<=5; i++){ var pattern=/^[0-9]{i}$/; if ( !pattern.test( $('#zip').val() ) ) {$('#zip_error').css('display','inline');} else {$('#zip_error').css('display','none');} } })

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