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• Is throwing an error in unpredictable subclass-specific circumstances a violation of LSP?

  - by Motti Strom

  Say, I wanted to create a Java List<String> (see spec) implementation that uses a complex subsystem, such as a database or file system, for its store so that it becomes a simple persistent collection rather than an basic in-memory one. (We're limiting it specifically to a List of Strings for the purposes of discussion, but it could extended to automatically de-/serialise any object, with some help. We can also provide persistent Sets, Maps and so on in this way too.) So here's a skeleton implementation: class DbBackedList implements List<String> { private DbBackedList() {} /** Returns a list, possibly non-empty */ public static getList() { return new DbBackedList(); } public String get(int index) { return Db.getTable().getRow(i).asString(); // may throw DbExceptions! } // add(String), add(int, String), etc. ... } My problem lies with the fact that the underlying DB API may encounter connection errors that are not specified in the List interface that it should throw. My problem is whether this violates Liskov's Substitution Principle (LSP). Bob Martin actually gives an example of a PersistentSet in his paper on LSP that violates LSP. The difference is that his newly-specified Exception there is determined by the inserted value and so is strengthening the precondition. In my case the connection/read error is unpredictable and due to external factors and so is not technically a new precondition, merely an error of circumstance, perhaps like OutOfMemoryError which can occur even when unspecified. In normal circumstances, the new Error/Exception might never be thrown. (The caller could catch if it is aware of the possibility, just as a memory-restricted Java program might specifically catch OOME.) Is this therefore a valid argument for throwing an extra error and can I still claim to be a valid java.util.List (or pick your SDK/language/collection in general) and not in violation of LSP? If this does indeed violate LSP and thus not practically usable, I have provided two less-palatable alternative solutions as answers that you can comment on, see below. Footnote: Use Cases In the simplest case, the goal is to provide a familiar interface for cases when (say) a database is just being used as a persistent list, and allow regular List operations such as search, subList and iteration. Another, more adventurous, use-case is as a slot-in replacement for libraries that work with basic Lists, e.g if we have a third-party task queue that usually works with a plain List: new TaskWorkQueue(new ArrayList<String>()).start() which is susceptible to losing all it's queue in event of a crash, if we just replace this with: new TaskWorkQueue(new DbBackedList()).start() we get a instant persistence and the ability to share the tasks amongst more than one machine. In either case, we could either handle connection/read exceptions that are thrown, perhaps retrying the connection/read first, or allow them to throw and crash the program (e.g. if we can't change the TaskWorkQueue code).

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• When following SRP, how should I deal with validating and saving entities?

  - by Kristof Claes

  I've been reading Clean Code and various online articles about SOLID lately, and the more I read about it, the more I feel like I don't know anything. Let's say I'm building a web application using ASP.NET MVC 3. Let's say I have a UsersController with a Create action like this: public class UsersController : Controller { public ActionResult Create(CreateUserViewModel viewModel) { } } In that action method I want to save a user to the database if the data that was entered is valid. Now, according to the Single Responsibility Principle an object should have a single responsibility, and that responsibility should be entirely encapsulated by the class. All its services should be narrowly aligned with that responsibility. Since validation and saving to the database are two separate responsibilities, I guess I should create to separate class to handle them like this: public class UsersController : Controller { private ICreateUserValidator validator; private IUserService service; public UsersController(ICreateUserValidator validator, IUserService service) { this.validator = validator; this.service= service; } public ActionResult Create(CreateUserViewModel viewModel) { ValidationResult result = validator.IsValid(viewModel); if (result.IsValid) { service.CreateUser(viewModel); return RedirectToAction("Index"); } else { foreach (var errorMessage in result.ErrorMessages) { ModelState.AddModelError(String.Empty, errorMessage); } return View(viewModel); } } } That makes some sense to me, but I'm not at all sure that this is the right way to handle things like this. It is for example entirely possible to pass an invalid instance of CreateUserViewModel to the IUserService class. I know I could use the built in DataAnnotations, but what when they aren't enough? Image that my ICreateUserValidator checks the database to see if there already is another user with the same name... Another option is to let the IUserService take care of the validation like this: public class UserService : IUserService { private ICreateUserValidator validator; public UserService(ICreateUserValidator validator) { this.validator = validator; } public ValidationResult CreateUser(CreateUserViewModel viewModel) { var result = validator.IsValid(viewModel); if (result.IsValid) { // Save the user } return result; } } But I feel I'm violating the Single Responsibility Principle here. How should I deal with something like this?

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• Should library classes be wrapped before using them in unit testing?

  - by Songo

  I'm doing unit testing and in one of my classes I need to send a mail from one of the methods, so using constructor injection I inject an instance of Zend_Mail class which is in Zend framework. Example: class Logger{ private $mailer; function __construct(Zend_Mail $mail){ $this->mail=$mail; } function toBeTestedFunction(){ //Some code $this->mail->setTo('some value'); $this->mail->setSubject('some value'); $this->mail->setBody('some value'); $this->mail->send(); //Some } } However, Unit testing demands that I test one component at a time, so I need to mock the Zend_Mail class. In addition I'm violating the Dependency Inversion principle as my Logger class now depends on concretion not abstraction. Does that mean that I can never use a library class directly and must always wrap it in a class of my own? Example: interface Mailer{ public function setTo($to); public function setSubject($subject); public function setBody($body); public function send(); } class MyMailer implements Mailer{ private $mailer; function __construct(){ $this->mail=new Zend_Mail; //The class isn't injected this time } function setTo($to){ $this->mailer->setTo($to); } //implement the rest of the interface functions similarly } And now my Logger class can be happy :D class Logger{ private $mailer; function __construct(Mailer $mail){ $this->mail=$mail; } //rest of the code unchanged } Questions: Although I solved the mocking problem by introducing an interface, I have created a totally new class Mailer that now needs to be unit tested although it only wraps Zend_Mail which is already unit tested by the Zend team. Is there a better approach to all this? Zend_Mail's send() function could actually have a Zend_Transport object when called (i.e. public function send($transport = null)). Does this make the idea of a wrapper class more appealing? The code is in PHP, but answers doesn't have to be. This is more of a design issue than a language specific feature

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• PHP - Internal APIs/Libraries - What makes sense?

  - by Mark Locker

  I've been having a discussion lately with some colleagues about the best way to approach a new project, and thought it'd be interesting to get some external thoughts thrown into the mix. Basically, we're redeveloping a fairly large site (written in PHP) and have differing opinions on how the platform should be setup. Requirements: The platform will need to support multiple internal websites, as well as external (non-PHP) projects which at the moment consist of a mobile app and a toolbar. We have no plans/need in the foreseeable future to open up an API externally (for use in products other than our own). My opinion: We should have a library of well documented native model classes which can be shared between projects. These models will represent everything in our database and can take advantage of object orientated features such as inheritance, traits, magic methods, etc. etc. As well as employing ORM. We can then add an API layer on top of these models which can basically accept requests and route them to the appropriate methods, translating the response so that it can be used platform independently. This routing for each method can be setup as and when it's required. Their opinion: We should have a single HTTP API which is used by all projects (internal PHP ones or otherwise). My thoughts: To me, there are a number of issues with using the sole HTTP API approach: It will be very expensive performance wise. One page request will result in several additional http requests (which although local, are still ones that Apache will need to handle). You'll lose all of the best features PHP has for OO development. From simple inheritance, to employing the likes of ORM which can save you writing a lot of code. For internal projects, the actual process makes me cringe. To get a users name, for example, a request would go out of our box, over the LAN, back in, then run through a script which calls a method, JSON encodes the output and feeds that back. That would then need to be JSON decoded, and be presented as an array ready to use. Working with arrays, as appose to objects, makes me sad in a modern PHP framework. Their thoughts (and my responses): Having one method of doing thing keeps things simple. - You'd only do things differently if you were using a different language anyway. It will become robust. - Seeing as the API will run off the library of models, I think my option would be just as robust. What do you think? I'd be really interested to hear the thoughts of others on this, especially as opinions on both sides are not founded on any past experience.

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• Does OO, TDD, and Refactoring to Smaller Functions affect Speed of Code?

  - by Dennis

  In Computer Science field, I have noticed a notable shift in thinking when it comes to programming. The advice as it stands now is write smaller, more testable code refactor existing code into smaller and smaller chunks of code until most of your methods/functions are just a few lines long write functions that only do one thing (which makes them smaller again) This is a change compared to the "old" or "bad" code practices where you have methods spanning 2500 lines, and big classes doing everything. My question is this: when it call comes down to machine code, to 1s and 0s, to assembly instructions, should I be at all concerned that my class-separated code with variety of small-to-tiny functions generates too much extra overhead? While I am not exactly familiar with how OO code and function calls are handled in ASM in the end, I do have some idea. I assume that each extra function call, object call, or include call (in some languages), generate an extra set of instructions, thereby increasing code's volume and adding various overhead, without adding actual "useful" code. I also imagine that good optimizations can be done to ASM before it is actually ran on the hardware, but that optimization can only do so much too. Hence, my question -- how much overhead (in space and speed) does well-separated code (split up across hundreds of files, classes, and methods) actually introduce compared to having "one big method that contains everything", due to this overhead? UPDATE for clarity: I am assuming that adding more and more functions and more and more objects and classes in a code will result in more and more parameter passing between smaller code pieces. It was said somewhere (quote TBD) that up to 70% of all code is made up of ASM's MOV instruction - loading CPU registers with proper variables, not the actual computation being done. In my case, you load up CPU's time with PUSH/POP instructions to provide linkage and parameter passing between various pieces of code. The smaller you make your pieces of code, the more overhead "linkage" is required. I am concerned that this linkage adds to software bloat and slow-down and I am wondering if I should be concerned about this, and how much, if any at all, because current and future generations of programmers who are building software for the next century, will have to live with and consume software built using these practices. UPDATE: Multiple files I am writing new code now that is slowly replacing old code. In particular I've noted that one of the old classes was a ~3000 line file (as mentioned earlier). Now it is becoming a set of 15-20 files located across various directories, including test files and not including PHP framework I am using to bind some things together. More files are coming as well. When it comes to disk I/O, loading multiple files is slower than loading one large file. Of course not all files are loaded, they are loaded as needed, and disk caching and memory caching options exist, and yet still I believe that loading multiple files takes more processing than loading a single file into memory. I am adding that to my concern.

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• error initializing multiple configuration files

  - by lurscher

  Hi, during initialization startup on tomcat, the configurations are: 1) a webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml that imports yummy-servlet.xml in contextConfigLocation (although i'm aware that is not required since the servlet-name is yummy it will try to load yummy-servlet.xml by default) 2) a webapp/WEB-INF/yummy-servlet.xml that imports a spring/applicationContext-hibernate.xml file 3) a webapp/WEB-INF/spring/applicationContext-hibernate.xml that imports a applicationContext-dataSource.xml file 4) a webapp/WEB-INF/spring/applicationContext-dataSource.xml i'm getting errors about Failed to import bean definitions from relative location, but the stack trace is not very explicit about exactly what is the problem, i've been looking at these since yesterday and i really don't see any problem on the files my web.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <display-name>hello-spring3-RC1</display-name> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/yummy-servlet.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/applicationContext-hibernate.xml</param-value> </context-param> --> <!-- Location of the Log4J config file, for initialization and refresh checks. Applied by Log4jConfigListener. --> <context-param> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <servlet> <servlet-name>yummy</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>yummy</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> my yummy-servlet.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> <import resource="spring/applicationContext-hibernate.xml"/> <context:component-scan base-package="com.mine.web.controllers"/> <bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> </beans> my applicationContext-hibernate.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <!-- import the dataSource definition --> <import resource="applicationContext-dataSource.xml"/> <!-- Configurer that replaces ${...} placeholders with values from a properties file --> <!-- (in this case, Hibernate-related settings for the sessionFactory definition below) --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:hibernate.properties"/> <!-- Hibernate SessionFactory --> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" p:dataSource-ref="dataSource" p:mappingResources="hello.hbm.xml"> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.generate_statistics">${hibernate.generate_statistics}</prop> </props> </property> <property name="eventListeners"> <map> <entry key="merge"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.IdTransferringMergeEventListener"/> </entry> </map> </property> </bean> <bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- Transaction manager for a single Hibernate SessionFactory (alternative to JTA) --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" p:sessionFactory-ref="sessionFactory"/> <!-- ========================= BUSINESS OBJECT DEFINITIONS ========================= --> <!-- Activates various annotations to be detected in bean classes: Spring's @Required and @Autowired, as well as JSR 250's @Resource. --> <context:annotation-config/> <!-- Instruct Spring to perform declarative transaction management automatically on annotated classes. --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> <bean id="EntityManager" class="com.mine.persistence.hibernate.HibernateHelloWorldDao"/> </beans> and my applicationContext-dataSource.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd"> <!-- Configurer that replaces ${...} placeholders with values from a properties file --> <!-- (in this case, JDBC-related settings for the dataSource definition below) --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:hibernate.properties"/> <!-- data source using apache common dbcp pool manager <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close" p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driverClassName}" p:url="${jdbc.url}" p:username="${jdbc.username}" p:password="${jdbc.password}"/>--> <!-- c3p0 pool manager data source --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${hibernate.c3p0.min_size}"/> <property name="minPoolSize" value="${hibernate.c3p0.min_size}"/> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxconn}"/> <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="150"/> <property name="acquireIncrement" value="1"/> <property name="maxStatements" value="0"/> <property name="numHelperThreads" value="5"/> </bean> </beans> and this is the stack trace: 2010-06-13 12:16:33,526 INFO [org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader] - < Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started> 2010-06-13 12:16:33,707 INFO [org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebAppl icationContext] - <Refreshing Root WebApplicationContext: startup date [Sun Jun 13 12:16:33 GMT-05:00 2010]; root of context hierarchy> 2010-06-13 12:16:34,086 INFO [org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefin itionReader] - <Loading XML bean definitions from ServletContext resource [/WEB- INF/yummy-servlet.xml]> 2010-06-13 12:16:34,378 INFO [org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefin itionReader] - <Loading XML bean definitions from URL [jndi:/localhost/protoweb/ WEB-INF/spring/applicationContext-hibernate.xml]> 2010-06-13 12:16:34,473 INFO [org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefin itionReader] - <Loading XML bean definitions from URL [jndi:/localhost/protoweb/ WEB-INF/spring/applicationContext-dataSource.xml]> 2010-06-13 12:16:35,098 ERROR [org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader] - <Context initialization failed> org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.BeanDefinitionParsingException: Configuration problem: Failed to import bean definitions from relative location [spring/applicationContext-hibernate.xml] Offending resource: ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/yummy-servlet.xml]; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Un expected exception parsing XML document from URL [jndi:/localhost/protoweb/WEB-INF/spring/applicationContext-hibernate.xml]; nested exception is java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.springframework.beans.MutablePropertyValues.add(Ljava/lang/Str ing;Ljava/lang/Object;)Lorg/springframework/beans/MutablePropertyValues; at org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.FailFastProblemReporter.err or(FailFastProblemReporter.java:68) at org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ReaderContext.error(ReaderC ontext.java:85) at org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ReaderContext.error(ReaderC ontext.java:76) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentRe ader.importBeanDefinitionResource(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:197) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentRe ader.parseDefaultElement(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:146) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentRe ader.parseBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:131) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentRe ader.registerBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:91) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.registe rBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:475) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadB eanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:372) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBea nDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:316) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBea nDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:284) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReade r.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:143) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReade r.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:178) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReade r.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:149) at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.load BeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:125) at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.load BeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:93) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationCon text.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:127) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtain FreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:429) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refres h(AbstractApplicationContext.java:356) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationCon text(ContextLoader.java:270) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationConte xt(ContextLoader.java:197) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitiali zed(ContextLoaderListener.java:47) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContex t.java:3972) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4 467) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase .java:791) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:77 1) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:546) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:905) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWARs(HostConfig.java:740 ) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:500 ) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1277) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java :321) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycl eSupport.java:119) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:785) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443 ) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:5 19) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710 ) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:581) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl. java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces sorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Unexp ected exception parsing XML document from URL [jndi:/localhost/protoweb/WEB-INF/ spring/applicationContext-hibernate.xml]; nested exception is java.lang.NoSuchMe thodError: org.springframework.beans.MutablePropertyValues.add(Ljava/lang/String ;Ljava/lang/Object;)Lorg/springframework/beans/MutablePropertyValues; at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadB eanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:394) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBea nDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:316) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBea nDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:284) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReade r.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:143) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReade r.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:178) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentRe ader.importBeanDefinitionResource(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:187) ... 42 more Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.springframework.beans.MutablePropert yValues.add(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Object;)Lorg/springframework/beans/Muta blePropertyValues; at org.springframework.transaction.config.AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinition Parser.registerTransactionManager(AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser.java:95) at org.springframework.transaction.config.AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinition Parser.access$0(AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser.java:94) at org.springframework.transaction.config.AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinition Parser$AopAutoProxyConfigurer.configureAutoProxyCreator(AnnotationDrivenBeanDefi nitionParser.java:121) at org.springframework.transaction.config.AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinition Parser.parse(AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser.java:79) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.NamespaceHandlerSupport.parse(N amespaceHandlerSupport.java:72) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.pa rseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1327) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.pa rseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1317) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentRe ader.parseBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:134) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentRe ader.registerBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:91) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.registe rBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:475) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadB eanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:372) ... 47 more 06/13/2010 12:16:35 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start SEVERE: Error listenerStart

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• How to temporarily stop web pages intercepting a right-click?

  - by callum

  Some websites like Google Drive intercept right-clicks and provide their own context menu. This is usually what I want, but sometimes I still want to do a normal, native browser right-click. Is there any modifier key or something like that to make it so a right-click doesn't trigger a click event on the web page, so it can't show it's context menu? I want to do this per-click, not by changing a setting somewhere. If there are different techniques depending on browser/OS, please list them.

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• Persisting right click menu highlight

  - by Charlie Somerville

  I used to have this problem sometimes in Vista, but now I'm using Windows 7 (it was a clean install, reformatted hard drive) I'm disappointed that it's happening again. Basically what happens is sometimes when I right click on something and click an entry in the context menu, the highlight from entry remains on the screen, in front of everything else. I can get rid of it by changing my theme to Aero Basic and back again, but it's not a nice solution as it takes too long and often once I get rid of it, it comes back. Here you can see an example of what's happening - the highlight is there from Chrome's context menu. Does anyone know how to fix this?

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• Atomikos rollback doesn't clear JPA persistence context?

  - by HDave

  I have a Spring/JPA/Hibernate application and am trying to get it to pass my Junit integration tests against H2 and MySQL. Currently I am using Atomikos for transactions and C3P0 for connection pooling. Despite my best efforts my DAO integration one of the tests is failing with org.hibernate.NonUniqueObjectException. In the failing test I create an object with the "new" operator, set the ID and call persist on it. @Test @Transactional public void save_UserTestDataNewObject_RecordSetOneLarger() { int expectedNumberRecords = 4; User newUser = createNewUser(); dao.persist(newUser); List<User> allUsers = dao.findAll(0, 1000); assertEquals(expectedNumberRecords, allUsers.size()); } In the previous testmethod I do the same thing (createNewUser() is a helper method that creates an object with the same ID everytime). I am sure that creating and persisting a second object with the same Id is the cause, but each test method is in own transaction and the object I created is bound to a private test method variable. I can even see in the logs that Spring Test and Atomikos are rolling back the transaction associated with each test method. I would have thought the rollback would have also cleared the persistence context too. On a hunch, I added an a call to dao.clear() at the beginning of the faulty test method and the problem went away!! So rollback doesn't clear the persistence context??? If not, then who does?? My EntityManagerFactory config is as follows: <bean id="myappTestLocalEmf" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="myapp-core" /> <property name="persistenceUnitPostProcessors"> <bean class="com.myapp.core.persist.util.JtaPersistenceUnitPostProcessor"> <property name="jtaDataSource" ref="myappPersistTestJdbcDataSource" /> </bean> </property> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"> <property name="showSql" value="true" /> <property name="database" value="$DS{hibernate.database}" /> <property name="databasePlatform" value="$DS{hibernate.dialect}" /> </bean> </property> <property name="jpaProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.transaction.factory_class">com.atomikos.icatch.jta.hibernate3.AtomikosJTATransactionFactory</prop> <prop key="hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class">com.atomikos.icatch.jta.hibernate3.TransactionManagerLookup</prop> <prop key="hibernate.connection.autocommit">false</prop> <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true"</prop> <prop key="hibernate.use_sql_comments">true</prop> </property> </bean>

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• Type Object does not support slicing Unity3D

  - by Vish

  I am getting the following error in my code and I can't seem to understand why. Can anyone help me with it? This is my current code. The line causing the error is marked in a comment near the end. var rows : int = 4; var cols : int = 4; var totalCards : int = cols * rows; var matchesNeedToWin : int = totalCards * 0.5; var matchesMade : int = 0; var cardW : int = 100; var cardH : int = 100; var aCards : Array; var aGrid : Array; // This Array will store the two cards that the player flipped var aCardsFlipped : ArrayList; // To prevent player from clicking buttons when we don't want him to var playerCanClick : boolean; var playerHasWon : boolean = false; class Card extends System.Object { var isFaceUp : boolean = false; var isMatched : boolean = false; var img : String; function Card () { img = "robot"; } } function Start () { var i : int = 0; var j : int = 0; playerCanClick = true; aCards = new Array (); aGrid = new Array (); aCardsFlipped = new ArrayList (); for ( i = 0; i < rows; i++) { aGrid [i] = new Array (); for (j = 0; j < cols; cols++ ) { aGrid [i] [j] = new Card (); // <------ Error over here } } } function Update () { Debug.Log("Game Screen has loaded"); } The error states as follows: Error BCE0048: Type 'Object' does not support slicing. (BCE0048) (Assembly-UnityScript)

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• Transforming object world space matrix to a position in world space

  - by Fredrik Boston Westman

  Im trying to make a function for picking objects with a bounding sphere however I have run in to a problem. First I check against my my bounding sphere, then if it checks out then I test against the vertexes. I have already tested my vertex picking method and it work fine, however when I check first with my bounding sphere method it dosnt register anything. My conclusion is that when im transform my sphere position in to the position of the object in world space, the transformation goes wrong ( I base this on the fact the the x coordinate always becomes 1, even tho i translate non of my meshes along the x-axis to 1). So my question is: What is the proper way to transform a objects world space matrix to a position vector ? This is how i do it now: First i set my position vector to 0. XMVECTOR meshPos = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); Then I trannsform it with my object space matrix, and then add the offset to the center of the mesh. meshPos = XMVector3TransformCoord(meshPos, meshWorld) + centerOffset;

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• Oracle SQL Developer: Single Object Compare

  - by thatjeffsmith

  There’s a nasty rumor going around that you can’t compare database objects and/or code in Oracle SQL Developer. So let’s put that to bed right now. First, here’s how to compare: PL/SQL to PL/SQL or a SQL statement to another SQL statement So now that that’s settled, why don’t we take a look at how to compare a single table, to another table – whether it’s in the same database or a different database. Database Diff There’s no additional licensing requirement here. If you have SQL Developer, you can use this feature. if you’re going to compare 1 table to another, make sure you ONLY have ‘tables’ checked And then, use this dialog to select your table(s): Move over the object(s) you want to compare over to the right hand side. And now we can move onto the results. The differences, side-by-side, and the script to make B look like A Common lines with differences are highlighted in blue, new lines are highlighted in red. So that’s why they are different, but here’s the script to synch up the differences: Read the script, TEST the script, apply the script. And that’s it. Well, that’s mostly it. If you have questions about how to compare a database object in a schema you don’t have the login information for, read this post next.

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• How to move the object around the screen

  - by Abhishek

  I am trying to move the object around the screen I try this code -(void) move { CGFloat upperLimit = mWinSize.height - (mGunda.contentSize.height / 2.0); CGFloat upperLimit1 = mWinSize.height; CGFloat lowerLimit = (mGunda.contentSize.height / 2.0); CGFloat RightLimit = mWinSize.width - (mGunda.contentSize.width/2.0); CGFloat Right = (mGunda.contentSize.width/2.0); if ( mImageGoingUpward ) { mGunda.position = ccp( mGunda.position.x, mGunda.position.y + 5); if ( mGunda.position.y >= upperLimit ) { mImageGoingUpward = NO; mHori = NO; } } else { mGunda.position = ccp( mGunda.position.x, mGunda.position.y - 5); if ( mGunda.position.y <= lowerLimit ) { mGunda.position = ccp(mGunda.position.x +5, lowerLimit); } if(mGunda.position.x >= RightLimit) { mGunda.position = ccp(mGunda.position.x, mGunda.position.y+10); mHori = YES; } if(mHori) { if(mGunda.position.y >= upperLimit) { mGunda.position = ccp(mGunda.position.x - 5,mGunda.position.y); } } } } } It move the object from bottom to top & top to bottom & bottom to right & right to right top of the screen here is problem I have got It not move to the right top to left side of screen this rotationis not happen. How can I do this

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• Yet Another Way To Create An Object

  - by Ricardo Peres

  After I wrote this post, I come up with yet another way to create an object... Here it is: Stopwatch watch = new Stopwatch(); ConstructorInfo ci = typeof(StringBuilder).GetConstructor(new Type[0]); NewExpression expr = Expression.New(ci); Func<StringBuilder> func = Expression.Lambda(typeof(Func<StringBuilder>), expr).Compile() as Func<StringBuilder>; watch.Start(); for (Int32 i = 0; i < 100; ++i) { StringBuilder builder = func(); } Int64 time4 = watch.ElapsedTicks; watch.Reset(); I know of only one other way, which is by using CodeDOM. If you know of any other ways to create an object, let me know! SyntaxHighlighter.config.clipboardSwf = 'http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.0.320/scripts/clipboard.swf'; SyntaxHighlighter.brushes.CSharp.aliases = ['c#', 'c-sharp', 'csharp']; SyntaxHighlighter.all();

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• Checking if an object is inside bounds of an isometric chunk

  - by gopgop

  How would I check if an object is inside the bounds of an isometric chunk? for example I have a player and I want to check if its inside the bounds of this isometric chunk. I draw the isometric chunk's tiles using OpenGL Quads. My first try was checking in a square pattern kind of thing: e = object; this = isometric chunk; if (e.getLocation().getX() < this.getLocation().getX()+World.CHUNK_WIDTH*World.TILE_WIDTH && e.getLocation().getX() > this.getLocation().getX()) { if (e.getLocation().getY() > this.getLocation().getY() && e.getLocation().getY() < this.getLocation().getY()+World.CHUNK_HEIGHT*World.TILE_HEIGHT) { return true; } } return false; What happens here is that it checks in a SQUARE around the chunk so not the real isometric bounds. Image example: (THE RED IS WHERE THE PROGRAM CHECKS THE BOUNDS) What I have now: Desired check: Ultimately I want to do the same for each tile in the chunk. EXTRA INFO: Till now what I had in my game is you could only move tile by tile but now I want them to move freely but I still need them to have a tile location so no matter where they are on the tile their tile location will be that certain tile. then when they are inside a different tile's bounding box then their tile location becomes the new tile. Same thing goes with chunks. the player does have an area but the area does not matter in this case. and as long as the X and Y are inside the bounding box then it should return true. they don't have to be completely on the tile.

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• Switch or a Dictionary when assigning to new object

  - by KChaloux

  Recently, I've come to prefer mapping 1-1 relationships using Dictionaries instead of Switch statements. I find it to be a little faster to write and easier to mentally process. Unfortunately, when mapping to a new instance of an object, I don't want to define it like this: var fooDict = new Dictionary<int, IBigObject>() { { 0, new Foo() }, // Creates an instance of Foo { 1, new Bar() }, // Creates an instance of Bar { 2, new Baz() } // Creates an instance of Baz } var quux = fooDict[0]; // quux references Foo Given that construct, I've wasted CPU cycles and memory creating 3 objects, doing whatever their constructors might contain, and only ended up using one of them. I also believe that mapping other objects to fooDict[0] in this case will cause them to reference the same thing, rather than creating a new instance of Foo as intended. A solution would be to use a lambda instead: var fooDict = new Dictionary<int, Func<IBigObject>>() { { 0, () => new Foo() }, // Returns a new instance of Foo when invoked { 1, () => new Bar() }, // Ditto Bar { 2, () => new Baz() } // Ditto Baz } var quux = fooDict[0](); // equivalent to saying 'var quux = new Foo();' Is this getting to a point where it's too confusing? It's easy to miss that () on the end. Or is mapping to a function/expression a fairly common practice? The alternative would be to use a switch: IBigObject quux; switch(someInt) { case 0: quux = new Foo(); break; case 1: quux = new Bar(); break; case 2: quux = new Baz(); break; } Which invocation is more acceptable? Dictionary, for faster lookups and fewer keywords (case and break) Switch: More commonly found in code, doesn't require the use of a Func< object for indirection.

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• Canonical representation of a class object containing a list element in XML

  - by dendini

  I see that most implementations of JAX-RS represent a class object containing a list of elements as follows (assume a class House containing a list of People) <houses> <house> <person> <name>Adam</name> </person> <person> <name>Blake</name> </person> </house> <house> </house> </houses> The result above is obtained for instance from Jersey 2 JAX-RS implementation, notice Jersey creates a wrapper class "houses" around each house, however strangely it doesn't create a wrapper class around each person! I don't feel this is a correct mapping of a list, in other words I'd feel more confortable with something like this: <houses> <house> <persons> <person> <name>Adam</name> </person> <person> <name>Blake</name> </person> </persons> </house> <house> </house> </houses> Is there any document explaining how an object should be correctly mapped apart from any opninion?

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• TDD: Write a separate test for object initialization or relying on other tests exercising it

  - by DXM

  This seems to be the common pattern that's emerging in some of the tests I've worked on lately. We have a class, and quite often this is legacy code whose design can't be easily altered, which has a bunch of member variables. There's some kind of "Initialize" or "Load" function which would put an object into a valid state. Only after it is initialized/loaded, are the members in the proper state so that other methods can be exercised. So when we start writing tests, first test is "TestLoad" and all we put in there is exercising initialization logic. Then we might add one (or few) TestLoadFailureXXX tests and those are definitely valuable. Then we start writing tests to verify other behaviors but all of them require the object to be loaded. So they all start by running exactly the same code as "TestLoad". So my question: Is TestLoad even necessary? Do you take it and let other tests simply exercise the loading? Or leave it so things are more explicit? I know that each unit test function should have no (or as little as possible) overlap with other test functions, but it seems like in cases of loading, this is unavoidable. And whether we like it or not, if something in the loading code breaks, we will end up with a whole test suite of failures. Is there another approach that I might be missing here? Thank you for the responses. It definitely makes sense that you want to see "InitializationTest" and if that fails you know where to start looking. In case it matters, this question is mostly about C++ and we use CppUnit framework. And now, thanks to sleske, I'll be constantly wishing that CppUnit supported test dependencies. Might have to hack something in one of these days :)

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• LibGdx, Texture an Object

  - by Gigi10012

  I want to set texture to an Object, this is my playerobject class: private boolean up; private float speed; private float fallacceleration = 20; private float acceleration = 15; private float maxSpeed = 300; SpriteBatch batch; public Player() { x = MyGdxGame.WIDTH - 9*MyGdxGame.WIDTH/10; y = MyGdxGame.HEIGHT - 3 * MyGdxGame.HEIGHT/10; shapex = new float[4]; shapey = new float[4]; radians = 2*MathUtils.PI; batch = new SpriteBatch(); } private void setShape() { //Simple Arrow Shape ...... } public void update(float dt) { setShape(); } public void draw(ShapeRenderer sr) { sr.setColor(0F, 0F, 0F, 1F); sr.begin(ShapeType.Line); //Drawing Shape .............. sr.end(); } What I have to do to add texture to that object? (I'm using LibGdx)

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• How to adjust the shooting angle of an object

  - by Blue

  I've been trying to add an angle adjustment feature to a power bar that I got from unity3dStudents. But I can't seem to get the code right. I'm using addforce to rigidbody, it works but the power is too great. I also found that rotating the object it's shooting from changes the angle. But I don't know how to proceed from that. Can somebody show me the problem with the script below, as in how to add height to the addforce without it going to far up or to the side? Or how to change the angle of the object? var theAngle : int; var maxAngle : int = 130; var minAngle : int = 0; var angleIncreasing : boolean = false; var angleDecreasing : boolean = false; var rotationSpeed : float = 10; var ball : Rigidbody; var spawnPos : Transform; var shotForce : float = 25; function Update () { if(Input.GetKeyDown("k")){ angleIncreasing = true; angleDecreasing = false; } if(Input.GetKeyUp("k")){ angleIncreasing = false; } if(Input.GetKeyDown("l")){ angleIncreasing = false; angleDecreasing = true; } if(Input.GetKeyUp("l")){ angleDecreasing = false; } ------- if(angleIncreasing){ theAngle += Time.deltaTime * rotationSpeed; if(theAngle > maxAngle){ theAngle = maxAngle; } } if(angleDecreasing){ theAngle -= Time.deltaTime * rotationSpeed; if(theAngle < minAngle){ theAngle = minAngle; } } } function Shoot(power : float, angle : int){ ---- var forward : Vector3 = spawnPos.forward; var upward : Vector3 = spawnPos.up; pFab.AddForce(forward * power * shotForce); pFab.AddForce(upward * angle * 10); ---- }

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• Calculating distance from viewer to object in a shader

  - by Jay

  Good morning, I'm working through creating the spherical billboards technique outlined in this paper. I'm trying to create a shader that calculates the distance from the camera to all objects in the scene and stores the results in a texture. I keep getting either a completely black or white texture. Here are my questions: I assume the position that's automatically sent to the vertex shader from ogre is in object space? The gpu interpolates the output position from the vertex shader when it sends it to the fragment shader. Does it do the same for my depth calculation or do I need to move that calculation to the fragment shader? Is there a way to debug shaders? I have no errors but I'm not sure I'm getting my parameters passed into the shaders correctly. Here's my shader code: void DepthVertexShader( float4 position : POSITION, uniform float4x4 worldViewProjMatrix, uniform float3 eyePosition, out float4 outPosition : POSITION, out float Depth ) { // position is in object space // outPosition is in camera space outPosition = mul( worldViewProjMatrix, position ); // calculate distance from camera to vertex Depth = length( eyePosition - position ); } void DepthFragmentShader( float Depth : TEXCOORD0, uniform float fNear, uniform float fFar, out float4 outColor : COLOR ) { // clamp output using clip planes float fColor = 1.0 - smoothstep( fNear, fFar, Depth ); outColor = float4( fColor, fColor, fColor, 1.0 ); } fNear is the near clip plane for the scene fFar is the far clip plane for the scene

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• Best way to load application settings

  - by enzom83

  A simple way to keep the settings of a Java application is represented by a text file with ".properties" extension containing the identifier of each setting associated with a specific value (this value may be a number, string, date, etc..). C# uses a similar approach, but the text file must be named "App.config". In both cases, in source code you must initialize a specific class for reading settings: this class has a method that returns the value (as string) associated with the specified setting identifier. // Java example Properties config = new Properties(); config.load(...); String valueStr = config.getProperty("listening-port"); // ... // C# example NameValueCollection setting = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings; string valueStr = setting["listening-port"]; // ... In both cases we should parse strings loaded from the configuration file and assign the ??converted values to the related typed objects (parsing errors could occur during this phase). After the parsing step, we must check that the setting values ??belong to a specific domain of validity: for example, the maximum size of a queue should be a positive value, some values ??may be related (example: min < max), and so on. Suppose that the application should load the settings as soon as it starts: in other words, the first operation performed by the application is to load the settings. Any invalid values for the settings ??must be replaced automatically with default values??: if this happens to a group of related settings, those settings are all set with default values. The easiest way to perform these operations is to create a method that first parses all the settings, then checks the loaded values ??and finally sets any default values??. However maintenance is difficult if you use this approach: as the number of settings increases while developing the application, it becomes increasingly difficult to update the code. In order to solve this problem, I had thought of using the Template Method pattern, as follows. public abstract class Setting { protected abstract bool TryParseValues(); protected abstract bool CheckValues(); public abstract void SetDefaultValues(); /// <summary> /// Template Method /// </summary> public bool TrySetValuesOrDefault() { if (!TryParseValues() || !CheckValues()) { // parsing error or domain error SetDefaultValues(); return false; } return true; } } public class RangeSetting : Setting { private string minStr, maxStr; private byte min, max; public RangeSetting(string minStr, maxStr) { this.minStr = minStr; this.maxStr = maxStr; } protected override bool TryParseValues() { return (byte.TryParse(minStr, out min) && byte.TryParse(maxStr, out max)); } protected override bool CheckValues() { return (0 < min && min < max); } public override void SetDefaultValues() { min = 5; max = 10; } } The problem is that in this way we need to create a new class for each setting, even for a single value. Are there other solutions to this kind of problem? In summary: Easy maintenance: for example, the addition of one or more parameters. Extensibility: a first version of the application could read a single configuration file, but later versions may give the possibility of a multi-user setup (admin sets up a basic configuration, users can set only certain settings, etc..). Object oriented design.

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• App using MonoTouch Core Graphics mysteriously crashes

  - by Stephen Ashley

  My app launches with a view controller and a simple view consisting of a button and a subview. When the user touches the button, the subview is populated with scrollviews that display the column headers, row headers, and cells of a spreadsheet. To draw the cells, I use CGBitmapContext to draw the cells, generate an image, and then put the image into the imageview contained in the scrollview that displays the cells. When I run the app on the iPad, it displays the cells just fine, and the scrollview lets the user scroll around in the spreadsheet without any problems. If the user touches the button a second time, the spreadsheet redraws and continues to work perfectly, If, however, the user touches the button a third time, the app crashes. There is no exception information display in the Application Output window. My first thought was that the successive button pushes were using up all the available memory, so I overrode the DidReceiveMemoryWarning method in the view controller and used a breakpoint to confirm that this method was not getting called. My next thought was that the CGBitmapContext was not getting released and looked for a Monotouch equivalent of Objective C's CGContextRelease() function. The closest I could find was the CGBitmapContext instance method Dispose(), which I called, without solving the problem. In order to free up as much memory as possible (in case I was somehow running out of memory without tripping a warning), I tried forcing garbage collection each time I finished using a CGBitmapContext. This made the problem worse. Now the program would crash moments after displaying the spreadsheet the first time. This caused me to wonder whether the Garbage Collector was somehow collecting something necessary to the continued display of graphics on the screen. I would be grateful for any suggestions on further avenues to investigate for the cause of these crashes. I have included the source code for the SpreadsheetView class. The relevant method is DrawSpreadsheet(), which is called when the button is touched. Thank you for your assistance on this matter. Stephen Ashley public class SpreadsheetView : UIView { public ISpreadsheetMessenger spreadsheetMessenger = null; public UIScrollView cellsScrollView = null; public UIImageView cellsImageView = null; public SpreadsheetView(RectangleF frame) : base() { Frame = frame; BackgroundColor = Constants.backgroundBlack; AutosizesSubviews = true; } public void DrawSpreadsheet() { UInt16 RowHeaderWidth = spreadsheetMessenger.RowHeaderWidth; UInt16 RowHeaderHeight = spreadsheetMessenger.RowHeaderHeight; UInt16 RowCount = spreadsheetMessenger.RowCount; UInt16 ColumnHeaderWidth = spreadsheetMessenger.ColumnHeaderWidth; UInt16 ColumnHeaderHeight = spreadsheetMessenger.ColumnHeaderHeight; UInt16 ColumnCount = spreadsheetMessenger.ColumnCount; // Add the corner UIImageView cornerView = new UIImageView(new RectangleF(0f, 0f, RowHeaderWidth, ColumnHeaderHeight)); cornerView.BackgroundColor = Constants.headingColor; CGColorSpace cornerColorSpace = null; CGBitmapContext cornerContext = null; IntPtr buffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(RowHeaderWidth * ColumnHeaderHeight * 4); if (buffer == IntPtr.Zero) throw new OutOfMemoryException("Out of memory."); try { cornerColorSpace = CGColorSpace.CreateDeviceRGB(); cornerContext = new CGBitmapContext (buffer, RowHeaderWidth, ColumnHeaderHeight, 8, 4 * RowHeaderWidth, cornerColorSpace, CGImageAlphaInfo.PremultipliedFirst); cornerContext.SetFillColorWithColor(Constants.headingColor.CGColor); cornerContext.FillRect(new RectangleF(0f, 0f, RowHeaderWidth, ColumnHeaderHeight)); cornerView.Image = UIImage.FromImage(cornerContext.ToImage()); } finally { Marshal.FreeHGlobal(buffer); if (cornerContext != null) { cornerContext.Dispose(); cornerContext = null; } if (cornerColorSpace != null) { cornerColorSpace.Dispose(); cornerColorSpace = null; } } cornerView.Image = DrawBottomRightCorner(cornerView.Image); AddSubview(cornerView); // Add the cellsScrollView cellsScrollView = new UIScrollView (new RectangleF(RowHeaderWidth, ColumnHeaderHeight, Frame.Width - RowHeaderWidth, Frame.Height - ColumnHeaderHeight)); cellsScrollView.ContentSize = new SizeF (ColumnCount * ColumnHeaderWidth, RowCount * RowHeaderHeight); Size iContentSize = new Size((int)cellsScrollView.ContentSize.Width, (int)cellsScrollView.ContentSize.Height); cellsScrollView.BackgroundColor = UIColor.Black; AddSubview(cellsScrollView); CGColorSpace colorSpace = null; CGBitmapContext context = null; CGGradient gradient = null; UIImage image = null; int bytesPerRow = 4 * iContentSize.Width; int byteCount = bytesPerRow * iContentSize.Height; buffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(byteCount); if (buffer == IntPtr.Zero) throw new OutOfMemoryException("Out of memory."); try { colorSpace = CGColorSpace.CreateDeviceRGB(); context = new CGBitmapContext (buffer, iContentSize.Width, iContentSize.Height, 8, 4 * iContentSize.Width, colorSpace, CGImageAlphaInfo.PremultipliedFirst); float[] components = new float[] {.75f, .75f, .75f, 1f, .25f, .25f, .25f, 1f}; float[] locations = new float[]{0f, 1f}; gradient = new CGGradient(colorSpace, components, locations); PointF startPoint = new PointF(0f, (float)iContentSize.Height); PointF endPoint = new PointF((float)iContentSize.Width, 0f); context.DrawLinearGradient(gradient, startPoint, endPoint, 0); context.SetLineWidth(Constants.lineWidth); context.BeginPath(); for (UInt16 i = 1; i <= RowCount; i++) { context.MoveTo (0f, iContentSize.Height - i * RowHeaderHeight + (Constants.lineWidth/2)); context.AddLineToPoint((float)iContentSize.Width, iContentSize.Height - i * RowHeaderHeight + (Constants.lineWidth/2)); } for (UInt16 j = 1; j <= ColumnCount; j++) { context.MoveTo((float)j * ColumnHeaderWidth - Constants.lineWidth/2, (float)iContentSize.Height); context.AddLineToPoint((float)j * ColumnHeaderWidth - Constants.lineWidth/2, 0f); } context.StrokePath(); image = UIImage.FromImage(context.ToImage()); } finally { Marshal.FreeHGlobal(buffer); if (gradient != null) { gradient.Dispose(); gradient = null; } if (context != null) { context.Dispose(); context = null; } if (colorSpace != null) { colorSpace.Dispose(); colorSpace = null; } // GC.Collect(); //GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); } UIImage finalImage = ActivateCell(1, 1, image); finalImage = ActivateCell(0, 0, finalImage); cellsImageView = new UIImageView(finalImage); cellsImageView.Frame = new RectangleF(0f, 0f, iContentSize.Width, iContentSize.Height); cellsScrollView.AddSubview(cellsImageView); } private UIImage ActivateCell(UInt16 column, UInt16 row, UIImage backgroundImage) { UInt16 ColumnHeaderWidth = (UInt16)spreadsheetMessenger.ColumnHeaderWidth; UInt16 RowHeaderHeight = (UInt16)spreadsheetMessenger.RowHeaderHeight; CGColorSpace cellColorSpace = null; CGBitmapContext cellContext = null; UIImage cellImage = null; IntPtr buffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(4 * ColumnHeaderWidth * RowHeaderHeight); if (buffer == IntPtr.Zero) throw new OutOfMemoryException("Out of memory: ActivateCell()"); try { cellColorSpace = CGColorSpace.CreateDeviceRGB(); // Create a bitmap the size of a cell cellContext = new CGBitmapContext (buffer, ColumnHeaderWidth, RowHeaderHeight, 8, 4 * ColumnHeaderWidth, cellColorSpace, CGImageAlphaInfo.PremultipliedFirst); // Paint it white cellContext.SetFillColorWithColor(UIColor.White.CGColor); cellContext.FillRect(new RectangleF(0f, 0f, ColumnHeaderWidth, RowHeaderHeight)); // Convert it to an image cellImage = UIImage.FromImage(cellContext.ToImage()); } finally { Marshal.FreeHGlobal(buffer); if (cellContext != null) { cellContext.Dispose(); cellContext = null; } if (cellColorSpace != null) { cellColorSpace.Dispose(); cellColorSpace = null; } // GC.Collect(); //GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); } // Draw the border on the cell image cellImage = DrawBottomRightCorner(cellImage); CGColorSpace colorSpace = null; CGBitmapContext context = null; Size iContentSize = new Size((int)backgroundImage.Size.Width, (int)backgroundImage.Size.Height); buffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(4 * iContentSize.Width * iContentSize.Height); if (buffer == IntPtr.Zero) throw new OutOfMemoryException("Out of memory: ActivateCell()."); try { colorSpace = CGColorSpace.CreateDeviceRGB(); // Set up a bitmap context the size of the whole grid context = new CGBitmapContext (buffer, iContentSize.Width, iContentSize.Height, 8, 4 * iContentSize.Width, colorSpace, CGImageAlphaInfo.PremultipliedFirst); // Draw the original grid into the bitmap context.DrawImage(new RectangleF(0f, 0f, iContentSize.Width, iContentSize.Height), backgroundImage.CGImage); // Draw the cell image into the bitmap context.DrawImage(new RectangleF(column * ColumnHeaderWidth, iContentSize.Height - (row + 1) * RowHeaderHeight, ColumnHeaderWidth, RowHeaderHeight), cellImage.CGImage); // Convert the bitmap back to an image backgroundImage = UIImage.FromImage(context.ToImage()); } finally { Marshal.FreeHGlobal(buffer); if (context != null) { context.Dispose(); context = null; } if (colorSpace != null) { colorSpace.Dispose(); colorSpace = null; } // GC.Collect(); //GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); } return backgroundImage; } private UIImage DrawBottomRightCorner(UIImage image) { int width = (int)image.Size.Width; int height = (int)image.Size.Height; float lineWidth = Constants.lineWidth; CGColorSpace colorSpace = null; CGBitmapContext context = null; UIImage returnImage = null; IntPtr buffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(4 * width * height); if (buffer == IntPtr.Zero) throw new OutOfMemoryException("Out of memory: DrawBottomRightCorner()."); try { colorSpace = CGColorSpace.CreateDeviceRGB(); context = new CGBitmapContext (buffer, width, height, 8, 4 * width, colorSpace, CGImageAlphaInfo.PremultipliedFirst); context.DrawImage(new RectangleF(0f, 0f, width, height), image.CGImage); context.BeginPath(); context.MoveTo(0f, (int)(lineWidth/2f)); context.AddLineToPoint(width - (int)(lineWidth/2f), (int)(lineWidth/2f)); context.AddLineToPoint(width - (int)(lineWidth/2f), height); context.SetLineWidth(Constants.lineWidth); context.SetStrokeColorWithColor(UIColor.Black.CGColor); context.StrokePath(); returnImage = UIImage.FromImage(context.ToImage()); } finally { Marshal.FreeHGlobal(buffer); if (context != null){ context.Dispose(); context = null;} if (colorSpace != null){ colorSpace.Dispose(); colorSpace = null;} // GC.Collect(); //GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); } return returnImage; } }

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• Invalid or expired security context token in WCF web service

  - by Damian

  All, I have a WCF web service (let's called service "B") hosted under IIS using a service account (VM, Windows 2003 SP2). The service exposes an endpoint that use WSHttpBinding with the default values except for maxReceivedMessageSize, maxBufferPoolSize, maxBufferSize and some of the time outs that have been increased. The web service has been load tested using Visual Studio Load Test framework with around 800 concurrent users and successfully passed all tests with no exceptions being thrown. The proxy in the unit test has been created from configuration. There is a sharepoint application that use the Office Sharepoint Server Search service to call web services "A" and "B". The application will get data from service "A" to create a request that will be sent to service "B". The response coming from service "B" is indexed for search. The proxy is created programmatically using the ChannelFactory. When service "A" takes less than 10 minutes, the calls to service "B" are successfull. But when service "A" takes more time (~20 minutes) the calls to service "B" throw the following exception: Exception Message: An unsecured or incorrectly secured fault was received from the other party. See the inner FaultException for the fault code and detail Inner Exception Message: The message could not be processed. This is most likely because the action 'namespace/OperationName' is incorrect or because the message contains an invalid or expired security context token or because there is a mismatch between bindings. The security context token would be invalid if the service aborted the channel due to inactivity. To prevent the service from aborting idle sessions prematurely increase the Receive timeout on the service endpoint's binding. The binding settings are the same, the time in both client server and web service server are synchronize with the Windows Time service, same time zone. When i look at the server where web service "B" is hosted i can see the following security errors being logged: Source: Security Category: Logon/Logoff Event ID: 537 User NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM Logon Failure: Reason: An error occurred during logon Logon Type: 3 Logon Process: Kerberos Authentication Package: Kerberos Status code: 0xC000006D Substatus code: 0xC0000133 After reading some of the blogs online, the Status code means STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE and the substatus code means STATUS_TIME_DIFFERENCE_AT_DC. but i already checked both server and client clocks and they are syncronized. I also noticed that the security token seems to be cached somewhere in the client server because they have another process that calls the web service "B" using the same service account and successfully gets data the first time is called. Then they start the proccess to update the office sharepoint server search service indexes and it fails. Then if they called the first proccess again it will fail too. Has anyone experienced this type of problems or have any ideas? Regards, --Damian

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• Unable to find or obtain a context for request certificate

  - by Kanan

  I am trying to send push notification to iphone. By searching on internet i found that register the P12 file on server with winhttpcertcfg. But when I tried with this command winhttpcertcfg -g -c LOCAL_MACHINE\MY -s "CertificateName" -a "ASPNET" on command window after installing winhttpcertcfg. But I am getting the error "Unable to find or obtain a context for request certificate" Can you please suggest me, how to solve this error?

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