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  • getline() sets failbit and skips last line

    - by Thanatos
    I'm using std::getline() to enumerate through the lines in a file, and it's mostly working. It's left me curious however - std::getline() is skipping the very last line in my file, but only if it's blank. Using this minimal example: #include <iostream> #include <string> int main() { std::string line; while(std::getline(std::cin, line)) std::cout << "Line: “" << line << "”\n"; return 0; } If I feed it this: Line A Line B Line C I get those lines back at me. But this: Line A Line B Line C [* line is present but blank, ie, the file end is: "...B\nLine C\n" *] (I unfortunately can't have a blank line in SO's little code box thing...) So, first file has three lines ( ["Line A", "Line B", "Line C"] ), second file has four ( ["Line A", "Line B", "Line C", ""] ) This to me seems wrong - I have a four line file, and enumerating it with getline() leaves me with 3. What's really got me scratching my head is that this is exactly what the standard says it should do. (21.3.7.9) Even Python has similar behaviour (but it gives me the newlines too - C++ chops them off.) Is this some weird thing where C++ is expected lines to be terminated, and not separated by '\n', and I'm feeding it differently? Edit Clearly, I need to expand a bit here. I've met up with two philosophies of determining what a "line" in a file is: Lines are terminated by newlines - Dominant in systems such as Linux, and editors like vim. Possible to have a slightly "odd" file by not having a final '\n' (a "noeol" in vim). Impossible to have a blank line at the end of a file. Lines are separated by newlines - Dominant in just about every Windows editor I've ever come across. Every file is valid, and it's possible to have the last line be blank. Of course, YMMV as to what a newline is. I've always treated these as two completely different schools of thought. One earlier point I tried to make was to ask if the C++ standard was explicitly or merely implicitly following the first. (Curiously, where is Mac? terminated or separated?)

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  • What would you suggest as a high school first language?

    - by ldigas
    Edit by OA: After reading some answers I'll just update the question a little. At first I put it a little bluntly, but some of those gave me some good arguments which have to be taken into consideration while making a stand on this one. (these are mostly picked up from comments and answers below). A few things to take into account: to many pupils this is a first programming language - at this stage most of them have trouble grasping a difference between data types, variable passing, ... and whatnot, less alone pointers and similar 'low level stuff' :) they will all have to pass this to get into next grade (well, big majority of them anyway) not all of them have computers at home, not all of them are willing to learn this, less alone interested in - so the concepts have to be taught on a finite time scale in school hours (as well as practice on computers) free literature is a bonus - the teacher will make some scripts and handaways, but still ... I wouldn't like to bear the parents with the burden of buying expensive literature (also, english is not a native language here ... and although they are all learning it, their ability to read it fluently is somewhat questionable) somebody gave an argument - "a language which does not get in the way of ideas" - good one accessibility on different platforms in not expecially important at this point - although most of the suggested ones are available on win as well as linux - not many macs in this part of europe (their prices are sky high for anything but specialised usage) I will check what are the licencing issues on ms express editions about using it massively in high schools for purposes like this - if someone has any info about this, please, do not be shy with it :) A friend of mine, informatics teacher - in EU it comes as something as junior cs teacher, in a local high school asked me what I thought about what should be the first language pupils should be taught? It is a technical school (a little more oriented towards mathematics than the gymnasium, but not computer oriented totally). So I'm asking you - what do you think should be the first language pupils are exposed to in highschool? They have been teaching Pascal so far, but she's not sure that's a good course. She thought about switching to C (which I resented; considering not all pupils have interests in programming, to start with, and should be taught something higher level since they are just gripping the idea of a loop and such ... for a start), I suggested python or ruby (preferably py since it handles all paradigms). What is your opinion on this one? I looked, but didn't find a similar question on SO, so if there is one, please just point me towards it. Edit: The assumption is that none of the pupils have been exposed to any programming in junior school. See also: What is the best way to teach young kids some basic programming concepts? Best ways to teach a beginner to program How and when do you teach a kid to code What is the easiest language to start with? High School Programming

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  • Arbitrary Form Processing with Drupal

    - by Aaron
    I am writing a module for my organization to cache XML feeds to static files to an arbitrary place on our webserver. I am new at Drupal development, and would like to know if I am approaching this the right way. Basically I: Expose a url via the menu hook, where a user can enter in a an output directory on the webserver and press the "dump" button and then have PHP go to drupal and get the feed xml. I don't need help with that functionality, because I actually have a prototype working in Python (outside of Drupal).. Provide a callback for the form where I can do my logic, using the form parameters. Here's the menu hook: function ncbi_cache_files_menu() { $items = array(); $items['admin/content/ncbi_cache_files'] = array( 'title' => 'NCBI Cache File Module', 'description' => 'Cache Guide static content to files', 'page callback' => 'drupal_get_form', 'page arguments' => array( 'ncbi_cache_files_show_submit'), 'access arguments' => array( 'administer site configuration' ), 'type' => MENU_NORMAL_ITEM, ); return $items; } I generate the form in: function ncbi_cache_files_show_submit() { $DEFAULT_OUT = 'http://myorg/foo'; $form[ 'ncbi_cache_files' ] = array( '#type' => 'textfield', '#title' => t('Output Directory'), '#description' => t('Where you want the static files to be dumped. This should be a directory that www has write access to, and should be accessible from the foo server'), '#default_value' => t( $DEFAULT_OUT ), '#size' => strlen( $DEFAULT_OUT ) + 5, ); $form['dump'] = array( '#type' => 'submit', '#value' => 'Dump', '#submit' => array( 'ncbi_cache_files_dump'), ); return system_settings_form( $form ); } Then the functionality is in the callback: function ncbi_cache_files_dump( $p, $q) { //dpm( get_defined_vars() ); $outdir = $p['ncbi_cache_files']['#post']['ncbi_cache_files']; drupal_set_message('outdir: ' . $outdir ); } The question: Is this a decent way of processing an arbitrary form in Drupal? I not really need to listen for any drupal hooks, because I am basically just doing some URL and file processing. What are those arguments that I'm getting in the callback ($q)? That's the form array I guess, with the post values? Is this the best way to get the form parameters to work on? Thanks for any advice.

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  • What regular expression(s) would I use to remove escaped html from large sets of data.

    - by Elizabeth Buckwalter
    Our database is filled with articles retrieved from RSS feeds. I was unsure of what data I would be getting, and how much filtering was already setup (WP-O-Matic Wordpress plugin using the SimplePie library). This plugin does some basic encoding before insertion using Wordpress's built in post insert function which also does some filtering. I've figured out most of the filters before insertion, but now I have whacko data that I need to remove. This is an example of whacko data that I have data in one field which the content I want in the front, but this part removed which is at the end: <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/SoundOnTheSound?i=xFxEpT2Add0:xFbIkwGc-fk:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"></img> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/SoundOnTheSound?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"></img> &lt;img src=&quot;http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/SoundOnTheSound?i=xFxEpT2Add0:xFbIkwGc-fk:D7DqB2pKExk&quot; Notice how some of the images are escape and some aren't. I believe this has to do with the last part being cut off so as to be unrecognizable as an html tag, which then caused it to be html endcoded. Another field has only this which is now filtered before insertion, but I have to get rid of the others: &lt;img src=&quot;http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2183/2289902369_1d95bcdb85.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;post_img&quot; width=&quot;80&quot; (all examples are on one line, but broken up for readability) Question: What is the best way to work with the above escaped html (or portion of an html tag)? I can do it in Perl, PHP, SQL, Ruby, and even Python. I believe Perl to be the best at text parsing, so that's why I used the Perl tag. And PHP times out on large database operations, so that's pretty much out unless I wanted to do batch processing and what not. PS One of the nice things about using Wordpress's insert post function, is that if you use php's strip_tags function to strip out all html, insert post function will insert <p> at the paragraph points. Let me know if there's anything more that I can answer. Some article that didn't quite answer my questions. (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2016751/remove-text-from-within-a-database-text-field) (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/462831/regular-expression-to-escape-html-ampersands-while-respecting-cdata)

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  • Do You Really Know Your Programming Languages?

    - by Kristopher Johnson
    I am often amazed at how little some of my colleagues know or care about their craft. Something that constantly frustrates me is that people don't want to learn any more than they need to about the programming languages they use every day. Many programmers seem content to learn some pidgin sub-dialect, and stick with that. If they see a keyword or construct that they aren't familiar with, they'll complain that the code is "tricky." What would you think of a civil engineer who shied away from calculus because it had "all those tricky math symbols?" I'm not suggesting that we all need to become "language lawyers." But if you make your living as a programmer, and claim to be a competent user of language X, then I think at a minimum you should know the following: Do you know the keywords of the language and what they do? What are the valid syntactic forms? How are memory, files, and other operating system resources managed? Where is the official language specification and library reference for the language? The last one is the one that really gets me. Many programmers seem to have no idea that there is a "specification" or "standard" for any particular language. I still talk to people who think that Microsoft invented C++, and that if a program doesn't compile under VC6, it's not a valid C++ program. Programmers these days have it easy when it comes to obtaining specs. Newer languages like C#, Java, Python, Ruby, etc. all have their documentation available for free from the vendors' web sites. Older languages and platforms often have standards controlled by standards bodies that demand payment for specs, but even that shouldn't be a deterrent: the C++ standard is available from ISO for $30 (and why am I the only person I know who has a copy?). Programming is hard enough even when you do know the language. If you don't, I don't see how you have a chance. What do the rest of you think? Am I right, or should we all be content with the typical level of programming language expertise? Update: Several great comments here. Thanks. A couple of people hit on something that I didn't think about: What really irks me is not the lack of knowledge, but the lack of curiosity and willingness to learn. It seems some people don't have any time to hone their craft, but they have plenty of time to write lots of bad code. And I don't expect people to be able to recite a list of keywords or EBNF expressions, but I do expect that when they see some code, they should have some inkling of what it does. Few people have complete knowledge of every dark corner of their language or platform, but everyone should at least know enough that when they see something unfamiliar, they will know how to get whatever additional information they need to understand it.

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  • How to use Mozilla ActiveX Control without registry

    - by Andrew McKinlay
    I've been using the IE Browser component that is part of Windows. But I'm running into problems with security settings. For example, users get security warnings on pages with Javascript. So I'm looking at using the Mozilla ActiveX control instead. It's especially nice because it has a compatible interface. It works well if I let it install the control in the registry. But my users don't always have administrator rights to install things in the registry. So I'm trying to figure out how to use the control without registry changes. I'm using DllGetClassObject to get the class factory (IID_ICLASSFACTORY) and then CoRegisterClassObject to register it. All the API calls appear to succeed. And when I create an AtlAxWin window with the CLSID, it also appears to work. But when I try to call Navigate on the AtlAxGetControl it doesn't work - the interface doesn't have Navigate. I would show the code but it's in an obscure language (Suneido) so it wouldn't mean much. An example in C or C++ would be easy for me to translate. Or an example in another dynamic language like Python or Ruby might be helpful. Obviously I'm doing something wrong. Maybe I'm passing the wrong thing to CoRegisterClassObject? The MSDN documentation isn't very clear on what to pass and I haven't found any good examples. Or if there is another approach, I'm ok with that too. Note: I'm using the AtlAxWin window class so I'm not directly creating the control and can't use this approach. Another option is registry free com with a manifest. But again, I couldn't find a good example, especially since I'm not using Visual Studio. I tried to use the MT manifest tool, but couldn't figure it out. I don't think I can use DLL redirection since that doesn't get around the registry issue AFAIK. Another possibility is using WebKit but it seems even harder to use.

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  • DB Design Pattern - Many to many classification / categorised tagging.

    - by Robin Day
    I have an existing database design that stores Job Vacancies. The "Vacancy" table has a number of fixed fields across all clients, such as "Title", "Description", "Salary range". There is an EAV design for "Custom" fields that the Clients can setup themselves, such as, "Manager Name", "Working Hours". The field names are stored in a "ClientText" table and the data stored in a "VacancyClientText" table with VacancyId, ClientTextId and Value. Lastly there is a many to many EAV design for custom tagging / categorising the vacancies with things such as Locations/Offices the vacancy is in, a list of skills required. This is stored as a "ClientCategory" table listing the types of tag, "Locations, Skills", a "ClientCategoryItem" table listing the valid values for each Category, e.g., "London,Paris,New York,Rome", "C#,VB,PHP,Python". Finally there is a "VacancyClientCategoryItem" table with VacancyId and ClientCategoryItemId for each of the selected items for the vacancy. There are no limits to the number of custom fields or custom categories that the client can add. I am now designing a new system that is very similar to the existing system, however, I have the ability to restrict the number of custom fields a Client can have and it's being built from scratch so I have no legacy issues to deal with. For the Custom Fields my solution is simple, I have 5 additional columns on the Vacancy Table called CustomField1-5. This removes one of the EAV designs. It is with the tagging / categorising design that I am struggling. If I limit a client to having 5 categories / types of tag. Should I create 5 tables listing the possible values "CustomCategoryItems1-5" and then an additional 5 many to many tables "VacancyCustomCategoryItem1-5" This would result in 10 tables performing the same storage as the three tables in the existing system. Also, should (heaven forbid) the requirements change in that I need 6 custom categories rather than 5 then this will result in a lot of code change. Therefore, can anyone suggest any DB Design Patterns that would be more suitable to storing such data. I'm happy to stick with the EAV approach, however, the existing system has come across all the usual performance issues and complex queries associated with such a design. Any advice / suggestions are much appreciated. The DBMS system used is SQL Server 2005, however, 2008 is an option if required for any particular pattern.

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  • 2nd Year College - Learning - Microsoft Server Products

    - by Ryan
    As the title says, I just finished my first year of college (majoring in Software Engineering). Fortunately my school likes Microsoft enough, and I can get pretty much anything I want that Microsoft sells. I also can get IBM Websphere and the like for free as well. Earlier this year, I set up an oldish computer (2.6 Pentium D, x64) to run ubuntu server headless. I'm predominately a Java developer, so Apache, Maven, Nexus, Sonar, SVN, etc made it onto the machine. It worked really well for personal and school projects, especially team projects (quick ramp up). Anyways, I started to pick up C# to complement my Java knowledge (don't judge me :P), and am interested in working with some of the associated Microsoft equivalents. The machine currently has the Ubuntu install, as well as Windows 7 Ultimate. I do all of my actual development work off my laptop, also running Windows 7 Ultimate. I was wondering what software you would recommend putting on the machine. I’m not actually serving anything off the machine itself, but in Ubuntu I had it doing integration tests with Hudson on every commit, and profiling my applications, etc, etc. The machine would be running headless, and I would remote into it. Here is what I am currently leaning towards / wondering about: Windows 7 Ultimate vs Windows Server 2008 (R2) (no one is really clear why I should go with one over the other) Windows Team Foundation Sharepoint (Never used it before, kind of meh about it) IBM Websphere or Glassfish (Some Java EE web server) SQL Server 2008 A DVCS In order to better control product conflicts / limit resource use, I’m wondering if I should install things into virtual machines (I can get VmWare or Microsoft Virtualization Products) I also plan on installing everything I had running under Linux (it’s almost entirely Java based development software, so it’ll run on both, only reason I went with ubuntu during the year was because the apache build seemed better). I’m primarily looking to become familiar with enterprise software development tools, as well as get something functional that will help my development process. (IE, I’ll still use project and assign tasks even though I might be the only one to assign tasks to, just to practice doing so). Is there any other software / configuration details I should explore? Opinions on my current list? I primarily use C#, Java, and PHP. I'm familiar with ruby, and python as well. Thanks!

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  • How to make item view render rich (html) text in PyQt?

    - by Giorgio Gelardi
    I'm trying to translate code from this thread in python: import sys from PyQt4.QtCore import * from PyQt4.QtGui import * __data__ = [ "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.", "Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.", "Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.", "Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum." ] def get_html_box(text): return '''<table border="0" width="100%"><tr width="100%" valign="top"> <td width="1%"><img src="softwarecenter.png"/></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" height="100%"> <tr><td><b><a href="http://www.google.com">titolo</a></b></td></tr> <tr><td>{0}</td></tr><tr><td align="right">88/88/8888, 88:88</td></tr> </table></td></tr></table>'''.format(text) class HTMLDelegate(QStyledItemDelegate): def paint(self, painter, option, index): model = index.model() record = model.listdata[index.row()] doc = QTextDocument(self) doc.setHtml(get_html_box(record)) doc.setTextWidth(option.rect.width()) painter.save() ctx = QAbstractTextDocumentLayout.PaintContext() ctx.clip = QRectF(0, option.rect.top(), option.rect.width(), option.rect.height()) dl = doc.documentLayout() dl.draw(painter, ctx) painter.restore() def sizeHint(self, option, index): model = index.model() record = model.listdata[index.row()] doc = QTextDocument(self) doc.setHtml(get_html_box(record)) doc.setTextWidth(option.rect.width()) return QSize(doc.idealWidth(), doc.size().height()) class MyListModel(QAbstractListModel): def __init__(self, parent=None, *args): super(MyListModel, self).__init__(parent, *args) self.listdata = __data__ def rowCount(self, parent=QModelIndex()): return len(self.listdata) def data(self, index, role=Qt.DisplayRole): return index.isValid() and QVariant(self.listdata[index.row()]) or QVariant() class MyWindow(QWidget): def __init__(self, *args): super(MyWindow, self).__init__(*args) # listview self.lv = QListView() self.lv.setModel(MyListModel(self)) self.lv.setItemDelegate(HTMLDelegate(self)) self.lv.setResizeMode(QListView.Adjust) # layout layout = QVBoxLayout() layout.addWidget(self.lv) self.setLayout(layout) if __name__ == "__main__": app = QApplication(sys.argv) w = MyWindow() w.show() sys.exit(app.exec_()) Element's size and position are not calculated correctly I guess, perhaps because I haven't understand at all the style related parts from original code. Can someone help me?

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  • How do I make a GUI that behaves like this?

    - by Karl Knechtel
    This is difficult to explain without illustration, so - behold, an illustration, cobbled together from screenshots of a few hello-world examples and a lot of Paint work: I have started out using Windows Forms on .NET (via IronPython, but that shouldn't be important), and haven't been able to figure out very much. GUI libraries in general are very intimidating, simply because every class has so many possible attributes. Documentation is good at explaining what everything does, but not so good at helping you figure out what you need. I will be assembling the GUI dynamically, but I'm not expecting that to be the hard part. The sticking points for me right now are: How do I get text labels to size themselves automatically to the width of the contained text (so that the text doesn't clip, and I also don't reserve unnecessary space for them when resizing the window)? How do I make the vertical scrollbar always appear? Setting the VScroll property (why is this protected when AutoScroll is public, BTW?) doesn't seem to do anything. How come the horizontal scrollbar is not added by AutoScroll when contents are laid out vertically (via Dock = DockStyle.Top)? I can use a minimum size for panels to prevent the label and corresponding control from overlapping when the window is shrunk horizontally, but then the scrollbar doesn't appear and the control is inaccessible. How can I put limits on window resizing (e.g. set a minimum width) without disabling it completely? (Just set minimum/maximum sizes for the Form?) Related to that, is there any way to set minimum/maximum widths or heights without setting a minimum/maximum size (i.e. can I constrain the size in only one dimension)? Is there a built-in control suitable for hex editing or am I going to have to build something myself? ... And should I be using something else (perhaps something more capable?) I've heard WPF mentioned, but I understand that this involves XML and I really want to build a GUI from XML - I already have data in an object graph, and doing some kind of weird XML pseudo-serialization (in Python, no less!) in order to create a GUI seems incredibly roundabout.

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  • Binding on a port with netpipes/netcat

    - by mindas
    I am trying to write a simple bash script that is listening on a port and responding with a trivial HTTP response. My specific issue is that I am not sure if the port is available and in case of bind failure I fall back to next port until bind succeeds. So far to me the easiest way to achieve this was something like: for (( i=$PORT_BASE; i < $(($PORT_BASE+$PORT_RANGE)); i++ )) do if [ $DEBUG -eq 1 ] ; then echo trying to bind on $i fi /usr/bin/faucet $i --out --daemon echo test 2>/dev/null if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then #success? port=$i if [ $DEBUG -eq 1 ] ; then echo "bound on port $port" fi break fi done Here I am using faucet from netpipes Ubuntu package. The problem with this is that if I simply print "test" to the output, curl complains about non-standard HTTP response (error code 18). That's fair enough as I don't print HTTP-compatible response. If I replace echo test with echo -ne "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n\r\ntest", curl still complains: user@server:$ faucet 10020 --out --daemon echo -ne "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n\r\ntest" ... user@client:$ curl ip.of.the.server:10020 curl: (56) Failure when receiving data from the peer I think the problem lies in how faucet is printing the response and handling the connection. For example if I do the server side in netcat, curl works fine: user@server:$ echo -ne "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n\r\ntest\r\n" | nc -l 10020 ... user@client:$ curl ip.of.the.server:10020 test user@client:$ I would be more than happy to replace faucet with netcat in my main script, but the problem is that I want to spawn independent server process to be able to run client from the same base shell. faucet has a very handy --daemon parameter as it forks to background and I can use $? (exit status code) to check if bind succeeded. If I was to use netcat for a similar purpose, I would have to fork it using & and $? would not work. Does anybody know why faucet isn't responding correctly in this particular case and/or can suggest a solution to this problem. I am not married neither to faucet nor netcat but would like the solution to be implemented using bash or it's utilities (as opposed to write something in yet another scripting language, such as Perl or Python).

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  • Please Describe Your Struggles with Minimizing Use of Global Variables

    - by MetaHyperBolic
    Most of the programs I write are relatively flowchartable processes, with a defined start and hoped-for end. The problems themselves can be complex but do not readily lean towards central use of objects and event-driven programming. Often, I am simply churning through great varied batches of text data to produce different text data. Only occasionally do I need to create a class: As an example, to track warnings, errors, and debugging message, I created a class (Problems) with one instantiation (myErr), which I believe to be an example of the Singleton design pattern. As a further factor, my colleagues are more old school (procedural) than I and are unacquainted with object-oriented programming, so I am loath to create things they could not puzzle through. And yet I hear, again and again, how even the Singleton design pattern is really an anti-pattern and ought to be avoided because Global Variables Are Bad. Minor functions need few arguments passed to them and have no need to know of configuration (unchanging) or program state (changing) -- I agree. However, the functions in the middle of the chain, which primarily control program flow, have a need for a large number of configuration variables and some program state variables. I believe passing a dozen or more arguments along to a function is a "solution," but hardly an attractive one. I could, of course, cram variables into a single hash/dict/associative array, but that seems like cheating. For instance, connecting to the Active Directory to make a new account, I need such configuration variables as an administrative username, password, a target OU, some default groups, a domain, etc. I would have to pass those arguments down through a variety of functions which would not even use them, merely shuffle them off down through a chain which would eventually lead to the function that actually needs them. I would at least declare the configuration variables to be constant, to protect them, but my language of choice these days (Python) provides no simple manner to do this, though recipes do exist as workarounds. Numerous Stack Overflow questions have hit on the why? of the badness and the requisite shunning, but do not often mention tips on living with this quasi-religious restriction. How have you resolved, or at least made peace with, the issue of global variables and program state? Where have you made compromises? What have your tricks been, aside from shoving around flocks of arguments to functions?

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  • Should the argument be passed by reference in this .net example?

    - by Hamish Grubijan
    I have used Java, C++, .Net. (in that order). When asked about by-value vs. by-ref on interviews, I have always done well on that question ... perhaps because nobody went in-depth on it. Now I know that I do not see the whole picture. I was looking at this section of code written by someone else: XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); AppendX(doc); // Real name of the function is different AppendY(doc); // ditto When I saw this code, I thought: wait a minute, should not I use a ref in front of doc variable (and modify AppendX/Y accordingly? it works as written, but made me question whether I actually understand the ref keyword in C#. As I thought about this more, I recalled early Java days (college intro language). A friend of mine looked at some code I have written and he had a mental block - he kept asking me which things are passed in by reference and when by value. My ignorant response was something like: Dude, there is only one kind of arg passing in Java and I forgot which one it is :). Chill, do not over-think and just code. Java still does not have a ref does it? Yet, Java hackers seem to be productive. Anyhow, coding in C++ exposed me to this whole by reference business, and now I am confused. Should ref be used in the example above? I am guessing that when ref is applied to value types: primitives, enums, structures (is there anything else in this list?) it makes a big difference. And ... when applied to objects it does not because it is all by reference. If things were so simple, then why would not the compiler restrict the usage of ref keyword to a subset of types. When it comes to objects, does ref serve as a comment sort of? Well, I do remember that there can be problems with null and ref is also useful for initializing multiple elements within a method (since you cannot return multiple things with the same easy as you would do in Python). Thanks.

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  • Where can I find "canonical" sample programs that give quick refreshers for any given language? [on hold]

    - by acheong87
    Note to those close-voting this question: I understand this isn't a conventional programming question and I can agree with the reasoning that it's in the subjective domain (like best-of lists). In other ways though I think it's appropriate because, though it's not a "a specific programming problem," nor concerning "a software algorithm", nor (strictly) concerning "software tools commonly used by programmers", I think it is a "practical, answerable [problem that is] unique to the programming profession," and I think it is "based on an actual [problem I] face." I've been wanting this for some time now, because both approaches of (a) Googling for samples as I write every other line of code and (b) just winging it and seeing what errors crop up, distract me from coding efficiently. This note will be removed if the question gains popularity; this question will be deleted otherwise. I spend most of my time developing in C++, PHP, or Javascript, and every once in a while I have to do something in, say, VBA. In those times, it'd be convenient if I could just put up some sample code on a second monitor, something in between a cheat sheet (often too compact; and doesn't resemble anything that could actually compile/run), and a language reference (often too verbose, or segmented; requires extra steps to search or click through an index), so I can just glance at it and recall things, like how to loop through non-empty cells in a column. I think there's a hidden benefit to seeing formed code, that triggers the right spots in our brains to get back into a language we only need to brush up on. Similar in spirit is how http://ideone.com lets you click "Template" in any given language so you can get started without even doing a search. That template alone tells a lot, sometimes! Case-sensitivity, whitespace conventions, identifier conventions, the spelling of certain types, etc. I couldn't find a resource that pulled together such samples, so if there indeed doesn't exist such a repository, I was hoping this question would inspire professionals and experts to contribute links to the most useful sample code they've used for just this purpose: a keep-on-the-side, form-as-well-as-content, compilable/executable, reminder of a language's basic and oft-used features. Personally I am interested in seeing "samplers" for: VBA, Perl, Python, Java, C# (though for some of these autocompleters in Eclipse, Visual Studio, etc. help enough), awk, and sed. I'm tagging c++, php, and javascript because these are languages for which I'd best be able to evaluate whether proffered sample code matches what I had in mind.

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  • How to setup linux permissions for the WWW folder?

    - by Xeoncross
    Updated Summery The /var/www directory is owned by root:root which means that no one can use it and it's entirely useless. Since we all want a web server that actually works (and no-one should be logging in as "root"), then we need to fix this. Only two entities need access. PHP/Perl/Ruby/Python all need access to the folders and files since they create many of them (i.e. /uploads/). These scripting languages should be running under nginx or apache (or even some other thing like FastCGI for PHP). The developers How do they get access? I know that someone, somewhere has done this before. With however-many billions of websites out there you would think that there would be more information on this topic. I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Users in a group like "websites" (or even added to "www-data") Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files (and directories) there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www...? Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be. Update 2: The folder structure of /var/www changes drastically as one of the four entities above are always adding (and sometimes removing) folders and sub folders many levels deep. They also create and remove files that the other 3 entities might need read/write access to. Therefore, the permissions need to do the four things above for both files and directories. Since non of them should need execute permission (see question about ruby/php above) I would assume that rw-rw-r-- permission would be all that is needed and completely safe since these four entities are run by trusted personal (see #2) and all other users on the system only have read access. Update 3: This is for personal development machines and private company servers. No random "web customers" like a shared host. Update 4: This article by slicehost seems to be the best at explaining what is needed to setup permissions for your www folder. However, I'm not sure what user or group apache/nginx with PHP OR svn/git run as and how to change them. Update 5: I have (I think) finally found a way to get this all to work (answer below). However, I don't know if this is the correct and SECURE way to do this. Therefore I have started a bounty. The person that has the best method of securing and managing the www directory wins.

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  • Cloudformation with Ubuntu throwing errors

    - by Sammaye
    I have been doing some reading and have come to the understanding that if you wish to use a launchConfig with Ubuntu you will need to install the cfn-init file yourself which I have done: "Properties" : { "KeyName" : { "Ref" : "KeyName" }, "SpotPrice" : "0.05", "ImageId" : { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSRegionArch2AMI", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSInstanceType2Arch", { "Ref" : "InstanceType" }, "Arch" ] } ] }, "SecurityGroups" : [ { "Ref" : "InstanceSecurityGroup" } ], "InstanceType" : { "Ref" : "InstanceType" }, "UserData" : { "Fn::Base64" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [ "#!/bin/bash\n", "apt-get -y install python-setuptools\n", "easy_install https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-1.0-6.tar.gz\n", "cfn-init ", " --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" }, " --resource LaunchConfig ", " --configset ALL", " --access-key ", { "Ref" : "WorkerKeys" }, " --secret-key ", {"Fn::GetAtt": ["WorkerKeys", "SecretAccessKey"]}, " --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, " || error_exit 'Failed to run cfn-init'\n" ]]}} But I have a problem with this setup that I cannot seem to get a decent answer to. I keep getting this error in the logs: Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: config-scripts-per-once already ran once Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling scripts-per-boot with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling scripts-per-instance with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling scripts-user with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] cc_scripts_user.py[WARNING]: failed to run-parts in /var/lib/cloud/instance/scripts Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[WARNING]: Traceback (most recent call last):#012 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cloudinit/CloudConfig/__init__.py", line 117, in run_cc_modules#012 cc.handle(name, run_args, freq=freq)#012 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cloudinit/CloudConfig/__init__.py", line 78, in handle#012 [name, self.cfg, self.cloud, cloudinit.log, args])#012 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cloudinit/__init__.py", line 326, in sem_and_run#012 func(*args)#012 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cloudinit/CloudConfig/cc_scripts_user.py", line 31, in handle#012 util.runparts(runparts_path)#012 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cloudinit/util.py", line 223, in runparts#012 raise RuntimeError('runparts: %i failures' % failed)#012RuntimeError: runparts: 1 failures Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[ERROR]: config handling of scripts-user, None, [] failed Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling keys-to-console with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling phone-home with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling final-message with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] cloud-init-cfg[ERROR]: errors running cloud_config [final]: ['scripts-user'] I have absolutely no idea what scripts-user means and Google is not helping much here either. I can, when I ssh into the server, see that it runs the userdata script since I can access cfn-init as a command whereas I cannot in the original AMI the instance is made from. However I have a launchConfig: "Comment" : "Install a simple PHP application", "AWS::CloudFormation::Init" : { "configSets" : { "ALL" : ["WorkerRole"] }, "WorkerRole" : { "files" : { "/etc/cron.d/worker.cron" : { "content" : "*/1 * * * * ubuntu /home/ubuntu/worker_cron.php &> /home/ubuntu/worker.log\n", "mode" : "000644", "owner" : "root", "group" : "root" }, "/home/ubuntu/worker_cron.php" : { "content" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [ "#!/usr/bin/env php", "<?php", "define('ROOT', dirname(__FILE__));", "const AWS_KEY = \"", { "Ref" : "WorkerKeys" }, "\";", "const AWS_SECRET = \"", { "Fn::GetAtt": ["WorkerKeys", "SecretAccessKey"]}, "\";", "const QUEUE = \"", { "Ref" : "InputQueue" }, "\";", "exec('git clone x '.ROOT.'/worker');", "if(!file_exists(ROOT.'/worker/worker_despatcher.php')){", "echo 'git not downloaded right';", "exit();", "}", "echo 'git downloaded';", "include_once ROOT.'/worker/worker_despatcher.php';" ]]}, "mode" : "000755", "owner" : "ubuntu", "group" : "ubuntu" } } } } Which does not seem to run at all. I have checked for the files existance in my home directory and it's not there. I have checked for the cronjob entry and it's not there either. I cannot, after reading through the documentation, seem to see what's potentially wrong with my code. Any thoughts on why this is not working? Am I missing something blatant?

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  • Blank black screen with cursor after login -- RHEL5

    - by Sean O.
    I have a RHEL 5 machine here which is a Dell Precision T3500. I'm an Ubuntu guy, but I'm having a heck of a time with this machine. After processing its first security update, we cannot log in via the gdm greeter. A new kernel was installed; then I installed the nVidia drivers for our Quadro NVS 295. I know the X configuration is valid because the gdm greeter does display; however, upon login all we can get is a blank, black screen with a cursor. I thought perhaps our python installation was corrupted but a reinstall via yum has not helped. I have searched & googled extensively for a potential fix for this and can find nothing. Below are outputs from uname, a tail of an error in /var/log/messages, and the Xorg.conf. Can anyone suggest a course of action? [sean@cheetah ~]$ uname -a Linux cheetah.*.* 2.6.18-308.8.1.el5 #1 SMP Fri May 4 16:43:02 EDT 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [sean@cheetah ~]$ sudo tail /var/log/messages Jun 5 15:03:04 cheetah gconfd (sean-4592): Resolved address "xml:readonly:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults" to a read-only configuration source at position 2 Jun 5 15:03:05 cheetah hcid[3855]: Default passkey agent (:1.8, /org/bluez/applet) registered Jun 5 15:03:05 cheetah pcscd: winscard.c:304:SCardConnect() Reader E-Gate 0 0 Not Found Jun 5 15:03:05 cheetah last message repeated 2 times Jun 5 15:03:06 cheetah gconfd (sean-4592): Resolved address "xml:readwrite:/home/sean/.gconf" to a writable configuration source at position 0 Jun 5 15:03:06 cheetah setroubleshoot: [program.ERROR] exception ImportError: /usr/lib/libatk-1.0.so.0: undefined symbol: g_assertion_message_expr Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/sealert", line 952, in ? from setroubleshoot.gui_utils import * File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setroubleshoot/gui_utils.py", line 26, in ? import gtk File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/site-packages/gtk-2.0/gtk/__init__.py", line 48, in ? from gtk import _gtk ImportError: /usr/lib/libatk-1.0.so.0: undefined symbol: g_assertion_message_expr Jun 5 15:03:07 cheetah setroubleshoot: [program.ERROR] exception ImportError: /usr/lib/libatk-1.0.so.0: undefined symbol: g_assertion_message_expr Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/sealert", line 952, in ? from setroubleshoot.gui_utils import * File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setroubleshoot/gui_utils.py", line 26, in ? import gtk File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/site-packages/gtk-2.0/gtk/__init__.py", line 48, in ? from gtk import _gtk ImportError: /usr/lib/libatk-1.0.so.0: undefined symbol: g_assertion_message_expr Jun 5 15:03:08 cheetah pcscd: winscard.c:304:SCardConnect() Reader E-Gate 0 0 Not Found Jun 5 15:07:01 cheetah ntpd[4114]: synchronized to 64.16.211.38, stratum 3 Jun 5 15:07:01 cheetah ntpd[4114]: kernel time sync enabled 0001 [sean@cheetah ~]$ cat /etc/X11/xorg.conf # nvidia-xconfig: X configuration file generated by nvidia-xconfig # nvidia-xconfig: version 295.53 ([email protected]) Sat May 12 00:34:20 PDT 2012 # Xorg configuration created by system-config-display Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "single head configuration" Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0 InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer" InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard" EndSection Section "InputDevice" # generated from default Identifier "Mouse0" Driver "mouse" Option "Protocol" "auto" Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice" Option "Emulate3Buttons" "no" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Keyboard0" Driver "kbd" Option "XkbModel" "pc105" Option "XkbLayout" "us" EndSection Section "Monitor" ### Comment all HorizSync and VertSync values to use DDC: ### Comment all HorizSync and VertSync values to use DDC: Identifier "Monitor0" ModelName "LCD Panel 1600x1200" HorizSync 31.5 - 74.7 VertRefresh 56.0 - 65.0 Option "dpms" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Videocard0" Driver "nvidia" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Videocard0" Monitor "Monitor0" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection

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  • django, mod_wsgi, MySQL High CPU - Problems

    - by Red Rover
    I am having a problem with an OSQA site. It is Django/Apache/mod_wsgi configured site. Every hour, the CPU spikes to 164% (Average) for task HTTPD. After 10 minutes, it frees back up. I have reviewed the logs, cron tables, made many config changes, but cannot track this problem down. Can someone please look at the information below and let me know if it is a configuration problem, or if anyone else has experienced this issue. Running TOP shows HTTPD using 165% of CPU VMware performance monitor also displays spikes. This happens every hour for 10 minutes. I have the following information from server status Server Version: Apache/2.2.15 (Unix) DAV/2 mod_wsgi/3.2 Python/2.6.6 Server Built: Feb 7 2012 09:50:15 Current Time: Sunday, 10-Jun-2012 21:44:29 EDT Restart Time: Sunday, 10-Jun-2012 19:44:51 EDT Parent Server Generation: 0 Server uptime: 1 hour 59 minutes 37 seconds Total accesses: 1088 - Total Traffic: 11.5 MB CPU Usage: u80.26 s243.8 cu0 cs0 - 4.52% CPU load .152 requests/sec - 1682 B/second - 10.8 kB/request 4 requests currently being processed, 11 idle workers ....._..........__......W....................................... ...................................C._..._....._L__._L_._....... ...................... Scoreboard Key: "_" Waiting for Connection, "S" Starting up, "R" Reading Request, "W" Sending Reply, "K" Keepalive (read), "D" DNS Lookup, "C" Closing connection, "L" Logging, "G" Gracefully finishing, "I" Idle cleanup of worker, "." Open slot with no current process Srv PID Acc M CPU SS Req Conn Child Slot Client VHost Request 0-0 - 0/0/34 . 0.42 327 17 0.0 0.00 0.67 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 1-0 - 0/0/22 . 0.31 339 32 0.0 0.00 0.26 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 2-0 - 0/0/22 . 0.65 358 10 0.0 0.00 0.31 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 3-0 - 0/0/31 . 1.03 378 31 0.0 0.00 0.60 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 4-0 - 0/0/20 . 0.45 356 9 0.0 0.00 0.31 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 5-0 18852 0/16/34 _ 0.98 27 18120 0.0 0.37 0.62 69.180.250.36 osqa.informs.org GET /questions/289/what-is-the-difference-between-operations-re 6-0 - 0/0/32 . 0.94 309 29 0.0 0.00 0.64 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 7-0 - 0/0/31 . 1.15 382 32 0.0 0.00 0.75 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 8-0 - 0/0/21 . 0.28 403 19 0.0 0.00 0.20 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 9-0 - 0/0/32 . 1.37 288 16 0.0 0.00 0.60 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 10-0 - 0/0/33 . 1.72 383 16 0.0 0.00 0.40 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 I am running Django 1.3 This is a mod_wsgi configuration and copied is the wsgi.conf file: <IfModule !python_module> <IfModule !wsgi_module> LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so <IfModule wsgi_module> <Directory /var/www/osqa> Order allow,deny Allow from all #Deny from all </Directory> WSGISocketPrefix /var/run/wsgi WSGIPythonEggs /var/tmp WSGIDaemonProcess OSQA maximum-requests=10000 WSGIProcessGroup OSQA Alias /admin_media/ /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/Django-1.2.5-py2.6.egg/django/contrib/admin/media/ Alias /m/ /var/www/osqa/forum/skins/ Alias /upfiles/ /var/www/osqa/forum/upfiles/ <Directory /var/www/osqa/forum/skins> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/osqa/osqa.wsgi </IfModule> </IfModule> </IfModule> This is the httpd.conf file Timeout 120 KeepAlive Off MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 MaxKeepAliveRequests 400 KeepAliveTimeout 3 <IfModule prefork.c> Startservers 15 MinSpareServers 10 MaxSpareServers 20 ServerLimit 50 MaxClients 50 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> <IfModule worker.c> StartServers 4 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> We are using MySQL The server is an ESX4i, configured for the VM to use 4 CPUs and 8 GB Ram. Hyper threading is enabled, 2 physical CPU's, with 4 Logical. the CPU are Intel Xeon 2.8 GHz. Total memory is 12GB

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  • How to setup linux permissions the WWW folder?

    - by Xeoncross
    Updated Summery The /var/www directory is owned by root:root which means that no one can use it and it's entirely useless. Since we all want a web server that actually works (and no-one should be logging in as "root"), then we need to fix this. Only two entities need access. PHP/Perl/Ruby/Python all need access to the folders and files since they create many of them (i.e. /uploads/). These scripting languages should be running under nginx or apache (or even some other thing like FastCGI for PHP). The developers How do they get access? I know that someone, somewhere has done this before. With however-many billions of websites out there you would think that there would be more information on this topic. I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Users in a group like "websites" (or even added to "www-data") Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files (and directories) there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www...? Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be. Update 2: The folder structure of /var/www changes drastically as one of the four entities above are always adding (and sometimes removing) folders and sub folders many levels deep. They also create and remove files that the other 3 entities might need read/write access to. Therefore, the permissions need to do the four things above for both files and directories. Since non of them should need execute permission (see question about ruby/php above) I would assume that rw-rw-r-- permission would be all that is needed and completely safe since these four entities are run by trusted personal (see #2) and all other users on the system only have read access. Update 3: This is for personal development machines and private company servers. No random "web customers" like a shared host. Update 4: This article by slicehost seems to be the best at explaining what is needed to setup permissions for your www folder. However, I'm not sure what user or group apache/nginx with PHP OR svn/git run as and how to change them. Update 5: I have (I think) finally found a way to get this all to work (answer below). However, I don't know if this is the correct and SECURE way to do this. Therefore I have started a bounty. The person that has the best method of securing and managing the www directory wins.

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  • Cannot connect to MySQL Server on RHEL 5.7

    - by Jeffrey Wong
    I have a standard MySQL Server running on Red hat 5.7. I have edited /etc/my.cnf to specify the bind address as my server's public IP address. [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x # clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package). old_passwords=1 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks ; # to do so, uncomment this line: # symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid bind-address=171.67.88.25 port=3306 And I have also restarted my firewall sudo /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --destination-port 3306 -j ACCEPT /sbin/service iptables save The network administrator has already opened port 3306 for this box. When connecting from a remote computer (running Ubuntu 10.10, server is running RHEL 5.7), I issue mysql -u jeffrey -p --host=171.67.88.25 --port=3306 --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock but receive a ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '171.67.88.25' (113). I've noticed that the socket file /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock is blank. Should this be the case? UPDATE The result of netstat -an | grep 3306 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN Result of sudo netstat -tulpen Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State User Inode PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2208 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7602 3168/hpiod tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 27 7827 3298/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 5110 2802/portmap tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8787 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 8431 3326/rserver tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:915 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 5312 2853/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7655 3188/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7688 3199/cupsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 8025 3362/sendmail: acce tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2207 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7620 3173/python udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:909 0.0.0.0:* 0 5300 2853/rpc.statd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:912 0.0.0.0:* 0 5309 2853/rpc.statd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 0 4800 2598/dhclient udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:36177 0.0.0.0:* 70 8314 3476/avahi-daemon: udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 70 8313 3476/avahi-daemon: udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 0 5109 2802/portmap udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:* 0 7691 3199/cupsd Result of sudo /sbin/iptables -L -v -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 6373 2110K RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1241 packets, 932K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 572 861K ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 1 28 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp type 255 0 0 ACCEPT esp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT ah -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 46 6457 ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 224.0.0.251 udp dpt:5353 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:631 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:631 782 157K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 2 120 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:443 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:23 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80 4970 1086K REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Result of nmap -P0 -p3306 171.67.88.25 Host is up (0.027s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE 3306/tcp filtered mysql Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.09 seconds Solution When everything else fails, go GUI! system-config-securitylevel and add port 3306. All done!

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  • How to save POST&GET headers of a web page with "Wireshark"?

    - by brilliant
    Hello everybody, I've been trying to find a python code that would log in to my mail box on yahoo.com from "Google App Engine". I was given this code: import urllib, urllib2, cookielib url = "https://login.yahoo.com/config/login?" form_data = {'login' : 'my-login-here', 'passwd' : 'my-password-here'} jar = cookielib.CookieJar() opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(jar)) form_data = urllib.urlencode(form_data) # data returned from this pages contains redirection resp = opener.open(url, form_data) # yahoo redirects to http://my.yahoo.com, so lets go there instead resp = opener.open('http://mail.yahoo.com') print resp.read() The author of this script looked into HTML script of yahoo log-in form and came up with this script. That log-in form contains two fields, one for users' Yahoo! ID and another one is for users' password. However, when I tried this code out (substituting mu real Yahoo login for 'my-login-here' and my real password for 'my-password-here'), it just return the log-in form back to me, which means that something didn't work right. Another supporter suggested that I should send an MD5 hash of my password, rather than a plain password. He also noted that in that log-in form there are a lot other hidden fields besides login and password fields (he called them "CSRF protections") that I would also have to deal with: <input type="hidden" name=".tries" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name=".src" value="ym"> <input type="hidden" name=".md5" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".hash" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".js" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".last" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="promo" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".intl" value="us"> <input type="hidden" name=".bypass" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".partner" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".u" value="bd5tdpd5rf2pg"> <input type="hidden" name=".v" value="0"> <input type="hidden" name=".challenge" value="5qUiIPGVFzRZ2BHhvtdGXoehfiOj"> <input type="hidden" name=".yplus" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".emailCode" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="pkg" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="stepid" value=""> <input type="hidden" name=".ev" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="hasMsgr" value="0"> <input type="hidden" name=".chkP" value="Y"> <input type="hidden" name=".done" value="http://mail.yahoo.com"> He said that I should do the following: Simulate normal login and save login page that I get; Save POST&GET headers with "Wireshark"; Compare login page with those headers and see what fields I need to include with my request; I really don't know how to carry out the first two of these three steps. I have just downloaded "Wireshark" and have tried capturing some packets there. However, I don't know how to "simulate normal login and save the login page". Also, I don't how to save POST$GET headers with "Wireshark". Can anyone, please, guide me through these two steps in "Wireshark"? Or at least tell me what I should start with. Thank You.

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  • virtual host setup: can't access wordpress site without www

    - by two7s_clash
    I would like to access my site both with and without using the www. Currently it only works with. Leaving out the www just goes to a blank page. Also, wp-admin just loads a blank page too. I have set an A record for mysite.com and www.mysite.com, both pointing to my static Bitnami IP. I also have a subdomain mapped to another directory that is working just fine (conference.mysite.com and www.conference.mysite.com). I'm using a Bitnami stack on an AWS EC2 micro instance. Here is my httpd.conf: ServerRoot "/opt/bitnami/apache2" Listen 80 LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so blah blah blah.... LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so <IfModule !mpm_netware_module> <IfModule !mpm_winnt_module> User daemon Group daemon </IfModule> </IfModule> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName localhost:80 DocumentRoot "/opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress1/htdocs/" <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> <Directory "/opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress1/htdocs/"> Options Indexes MultiViews +FollowSymLinks LanguagePriority en AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html index.php </IfModule> <FilesMatch "^\\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All </FilesMatch> ErrorLog "logs/error_log" LogLevel warn <IfModule log_config_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \\"%r\\" %>s %b \\"%{Referer}i\\" \\"%{User-Agent}i\\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \\"%r\\" %>s %b" common <IfModule logio_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \\"%r\\" %>s %b \\"%{Referer}i\\" \\"%{User-Agent}i\\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> CustomLog "logs/access_log" common </IfModule> <IfModule alias_module> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/opt/bitnami/apache2/cgi-bin/" </IfModule> <Directory "/opt/bitnami/apache2/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> DefaultType text/plain <IfModule mime_module> TypesConfig conf/mime.types AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz </IfModule> Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf <IfModule ssl_module> SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed connect builtin </IfModule> AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so WSGIPythonHome /opt/bitnami/python ServerSignature Off ServerTokens Prod AddType application/x-httpd-php .php PHPIniDir "/opt/bitnami/php/etc" Include "/opt/bitnami/apps/phpmyadmin/conf/phpmyadmin.conf" ExtendedStatus On <Location /server-status> SetHandler server-status Order Deny,Allow Deny from all Allow from localhost </Location> Include "/opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/bitnami/httpd.conf" Include "/opt/bitnami/apps/virtualhost.conf" Here is my virtual hosts file: NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin xx DocumentRoot "/opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress1/htdocs" ServerName mbird.com ServerAlias www.mbird.com ErrorLog "logs/wordpress-error_log" CustomLog "logs/wordpress-access_log" common </VirtualHost> <Directory "/opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress1/htdocs"> Options Indexes MultiViews +FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ### WordPress conference.mbird.com configuration ### <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot "/opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/htdocs" ServerName conference.mbird.com ServerAlias www.conference.mbird.com ErrorLog "logs/confwordpress-error_log" CustomLog "logs/confwordpress-access_log" common </VirtualHost> <Directory "/opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/htdocs"> Options Indexes MultiViews +FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ###

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  • Apache access.log interpretation

    - by Pantelis Sopasakis
    In the log file of apache (access.log) I find log entries like the following: 10.20.30.40 - - [18/Mar/2011:02:12:44 +0200] "GET /index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 505 "-" "Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.7.62 Version/11.01" Whose meaning is clear: The client with IP 10.20.30.40 applied a GET HTTP method on /index.php (that is to say http://mysite.org/index.php) receiving a status code 404 using Opera as client/browser. What I don't understand is entries like the following: 174.34.231.19 - - [18/Mar/2011:02:24:56 +0200] "GET http://www.siasatema.com HTTP/1.1" 200 469 "-" "Python-urllib/2.4" So here what I see is that someone (client with IP 174.34.231.19) accessed http://www.siasatema.com and got a 200 HTTP status code(?). It doesn't make sense to me... the only interpretation I can think of is that my apache server acts like proxy! Here are some other requests that don't have my site as destination... 187.35.50.61 - - [18/Mar/2011:01:28:20 +0200] "POST http://72.26.198.222:80/log/normal/ HTTP/1.0" 404 491 "-" "Octoshape-sua/1010120" 87.117.203.177 - - [18/Mar/2011:01:29:59 +0200] "CONNECT 64.12.244.203:80 HTTP/1.0" 405 556 "-" "-" 87.117.203.177 - - [18/Mar/2011:01:29:59 +0200] "open 64.12.244.203 80" 400 506 "-" "-" 87.117.203.177 - - [18/Mar/2011:01:30:04 +0200] "telnet 64.12.244.203 80" 400 506 "-" "-" 87.117.203.177 - - [18/Mar/2011:01:30:09 +0200] "64.12.244.203 80" 400 301 "-" "-" I believe that all these are related to some kind of attack or abuse of the server. Could someone explain to may what is going on and how to cope with this situation? Update 1: I disabled mod_proxy to make sure that I don't have an open proxy: # a2dismod proxy Where from I got the message: Module proxy already disabled I made sure that there is no file proxy.conf under $APACHE/mods-enabled. Finally, I set on my browser (Mozzila) my IP as a proxy and tried to access http://google.com. I was not redirected to google.com but instead my web page appeared. The same happened with trying to access http://a.b (!). So my server does not really work as a proxy since it does not forward the requests... But I think it would be better if somehow I could configure it to return a status code 403. Here is my apache configuration file: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName mysite.org ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www/ <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log LogLevel warn CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> </VirtualHost> Update 2: Using a block, I restrict the use of other methods than GET and POST... <Limit POST PUT CONNECT HEAD OPTIONS DELETE PATCH PROPFIND PROPPATCH MKCOL COPY MOVE LOCK UNLOCK> Order deny,allow Deny from all </Limit> <LimitExcept GET> Order deny,allow Deny from all </LimitExcept> Now methods other that GET are forbidden (403). My only question now is whether there is some trick to boot those how try to use my server as a proxy out...

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  • Vim: Context sensitive code completion for PHP

    - by eddy147
    Vim gives me too much options when I use code completion. In a class, and type $class- it gives me about a zillion options, so not only from the class itself but also from php, all globals ever created, in short: a mess. I only want to have the options from the class itself (or the parent subtype class it extends from), so context or scope sensitive code completion, just like Netbeans for example. How can I do that? My current configuration is this: I am using ctags, and created 1 ctags file for our (big) application in the root. This is the .ctags file I used to create the ctags file: -R -h ".php" --exclude=.svn --languages=+PHP,-JavaScript --tag-relative=yes --regex-PHP=/abstract\s+class\s+([^ ]+)/\1/c/ --regex-PHP=/interface\s+([^ ]+)/\1/c/ --regex-PHP=/(public\s+|static\s+|protected\s+|private\s+)\$([^ \t=]+)/\2/p/ --regex-PHP=/const\s+([^ \t=]+)/\1/d/ --regex-PHP=/final\s+(public\s+|static\s+|abstract\s+|protected\s+|private\s+)function\s+\&?\s*([^ (]+)/\2/f/ --PHP-kinds=+cdf --fields=+iaS This is the .vimrc file: " autocomplete funcs and identifiers for languages autocmd FileType php set omnifunc=phpcomplete#CompletePHP autocmd FileType python set omnifunc=pythoncomplete#Complete autocmd FileType javascript set omnifunc=javascriptcomplete#CompleteJS autocmd FileType html set omnifunc=htmlcomplete#CompleteTags autocmd FileType css set omnifunc=csscomplete#CompleteCSS autocmd FileType xml set omnifunc=xmlcomplete#CompleteTags autocmd FileType php set omnifunc=phpcomplete#CompletePHP autocmd FileType c set omnifunc=ccomplete#Complete " exuberant ctags " the magic is the ';' at end. it will make vim tags file search go up from current directory until it finds one. set tags=projectrootdir/tags; map <F8> :!ctags " TagList " :tag getUser => Jump to getUser method " :tn (or tnext) => go to next search result " :tp (or tprev) => to to previous search result " :ts (or tselect) => List the current tags " => Go back to last tag location " +Left click => Go to definition of a method " More info: " http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/tagsrch.html (official documentation) " http://www.vim.org/tips/tip.php?tip_id=94 (a vim tip) let Tlist_Ctags_Cmd = "~/bin/ctags" let Tlist_WinWidth = 50 map <F4> :TlistToggle<cr> "see http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Make_Vim_completion_popup_menu_work_just_like_in_an_IDE " will change the 'completeopt' option so that Vim's popup menu doesn't select the first completion item, but rather just inserts the longest common text of all matches :set completeopt=longest,menuone " will change the behavior of the <Enter> key when the popup menu is visible. In that case the Enter key will simply select the highlighted menu item, just as <C-Y> does :inoremap <expr> <CR> pumvisible() ? "\<C-y>" : "\<C-g>u\<CR>" " inoremap <expr> <C-n> pumvisible() ? '<C-n>' : \ '<C-n><C-r>=pumvisible() ? "\<lt>Down>" : ""<CR>' inoremap <expr> <M-,> pumvisible() ? '<C-n>' : \ '<C-x><C-o><C-n><C-p><C-r>=pumvisible() ? "\<lt>Down>" : ""<CR>'

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  • Debian dependency problems / partially installed

    - by Michael
    I tried to install curl support for php 5 on my debian squeeze machine and since I'm having problems. After trying to install curl I got dependency issues which I tried to solve by removing what started the issues. From one thing came another and I'm currently looking at ~29 issues when I try to do an apt-get upgrade. These issues vary from unable to config, dependency and unable to remove errors. I tried apt-get upgrade -f and installing packages using dpkg command. I tried removing using purge and force. I manually removed stuff to try and fix it. I tried running dpkg --configure -a. I've to say I'm still pretty new to linux so I'm out of idea's and cant seem to find an answer online that matches my problems. Here's a part of the apt-get upgrade command output: Reading package lists... Building dependency tree... Reading state information... 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 29 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Setting up libgeoip1 (1.4.7~beta6+dfsg-1) ... Bus error dpkg: error processing libgeoip1 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 135 Setting up libisc62 (1:9.7.3.dfsg-1~squeeze3) ... Bus error dpkg: error processing libisc62 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 135 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libdns69: libdns69 depends on libgeoip1 (>= 1.4.7~beta6+dfsg); however: Package libgeoip1 is not configured yet. libdns69 depends on libisc62; however: Package libisc62 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing libdns69 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libisccc60: libisccc60 depends on libisc62; however: Package libisc62 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing libisccc60 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libisccfg62: libisccfg62 depends on libdns69; however: Package libdns69 is not configured yet. .. continues Errors were encountered while processing: libgeoip1 libisc62 libdns69 libisccc60 libisccfg62 libbind9-60 liblwres60 bind9-host libavahi-core7 libdaemon0 avahi-daemon libexif12 libffi5 libgomp1 libgphoto2-port0 libgphoto2-2 libperl5.10 libsensors4 libsnmp15 libhpmud0 libieee1284-3 libnss-mdns libossp-uuid16 libpq5 libv4l-0 libsane libsane-hpaio libssh2-1 python-gobject dpkg --configure -a Setting up libpq5 (8.4.8-0squeeze2) ... Bus error dpkg: error processing libpq5 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 135 Setting up libperl5.10 (5.10.1-17squeeze2) ... Bus error dpkg: error processing libperl5.10 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 135 Setting up libffi5 (3.0.9-3) ... Bus error dpkg: error processing libffi5 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 135 Setting up libexif12 (0.6.19-1) ... .. continues Suggestions are really welcome I really don't know what to do. Michael.

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