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• HPET for x86 BSP (how to build it for WCE8)

  - by Werner Willemsens

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/WernerWillemsens/archive/2014/08/02/157895.aspx"I needed a timer". That is how we started a few blogs ago our series about APIC and ACPI. Well, here it is. HPET (High Precision Event Timer) was introduced by Intel in early 2000 to: Replace old style Intel 8253 (1981!) and 8254 timers Support more accurate timers that could be used for multimedia purposes. Hence Microsoft and Intel sometimes refers to HPET as Multimedia timers. An HPET chip consists of a 64-bit up-counter (main counter) counting at a frequency of at least 10 MHz, and a set of (at least three, up to 256) comparators. These comparators are 32- or 64-bit wide. The HPET is discoverable via ACPI. The HPET circuit in recent Intel platforms is integrated into the SouthBridge chip (e.g. 82801) All HPET timers should support one-shot interrupt programming, while optionally they can support periodic interrupts. In most Intel SouthBridges I worked with, there are three HPET timers. TIMER0 supports both one-shot and periodic mode, while TIMER1 and TIMER2 are one-shot only. Each HPET timer can generate interrupts, both in old-style PIC mode and in APIC mode. However in PIC mode, interrupts cannot freely be chosen. Typically IRQ11 is available and cannot be shared with any other interrupt! Which makes the HPET in PIC mode virtually unusable. In APIC mode however more IRQs are available and can be shared with other interrupt generating devices. (Check the datasheet of your SouthBridge) Because of this higher level of freedom, I created the APIC BSP (see previous posts). The HPET driver code that I present you here uses this APIC mode. Hpet.reg [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Drivers\BuiltIn\Hpet] "Dll"="Hpet.dll" "Prefix"="HPT" "Order"=dword:10 "IsrDll"="giisr.dll" "IsrHandler"="ISRHandler" "Priority256"=dword:50 Because HPET does not reside on the PCI bus, but can be found through ACPI as a memory mapped device, you don't need to specify the "Class", "SubClass", "ProgIF" and other PCI related registry keys that you typically find for PCI devices. If a driver needs to run its internal thread(s) at a certain priority level, by convention in Windows CE you add the "Priority256" registry key. Through this key you can easily play with the driver's thread priority for better response and timer accuracy. See later. Hpet.cpp (Hpet.dll) This cpp file contains the complete HPET driver code. The file is part of a folder that you typically integrate in your BSP (\src\drivers\Hpet). It is written as sample (example) code, you most likely want to change this code to your specific needs. There are two sets of #define's that I use to control how the driver works. _TRIGGER_EVENT or _TRIGGER_SEMAPHORE: _TRIGGER_EVENT will let your driver trigger a Windows CE Event when the timer expires, _TRIGGER_SEMAPHORE will trigger a Windows CE counting Semaphore. The latter guarantees that no events get lost in case your application cannot always process the triggers fast enough. _TIMER0 or _TIMER2: both timers will trigger an event or semaphore periodically. _TIMER0 will use a periodic HPET timer interrupt, while _TIMER2 will reprogram a one-shot HPET timer after each interrupt. The one-shot approach is interesting if the frequency you wish to generate is not an even multiple of the HPET main counter frequency. The sample code uses an algorithm to generate a more correct frequency over a longer period (by reducing rounding errors). _TIMER1 is not used in the sample source code. HPT_Init() will locate the HPET I/O memory space, setup the HPET counter (_TIMER0 or _TIMER2) and install the Interrupt Service Thread (IST). Upon timer expiration, the IST will run and on its turn will generate a Windows CE Event or Semaphore. In case of _TIMER2 a new one-shot comparator value is calculated and set for the timer. The IRQ of the HPET timers are programmed to IRQ22, but you can choose typically from 20-23. The TIMERn_INT_ROUT_CAP bits in the TIMn_CONF register will tell you what IRQs you can choose from. HPT_IOControl() can be used to set a new HPET counter frequency (actually you configure the counter timeout value in microseconds), start and stop the timer, and request the current HPET counter value. The latter is interesting because the Windows CE QueryPerformanceCounter() and QueryPerformanceFrequency() APIs implement the same functionality, albeit based on other counter implementations. HpetDrvIst() contains the IST code. DWORD WINAPI HpetDrvIst(LPVOID lpArg) { psHpetDeviceContext pHwContext = (psHpetDeviceContext)lpArg; DWORD mainCount = READDWORD(pHwContext->g_hpet_va, GenCapIDReg + 4); // Main Counter Tick period (fempto sec 10E-15) DWORD i = 0; while (1) { WaitForSingleObject(pHwContext->g_isrEvent, INFINITE); #if defined(_TRIGGER_SEMAPHORE) LONG p = 0; BOOL b = ReleaseSemaphore(pHwContext->g_triggerEvent, 1, &p); #elif defined(_TRIGGER_EVENT) BOOL b = SetEvent(pHwContext->g_triggerEvent); #else #pragma error("Unknown TRIGGER") #endif #if defined(_TIMER0) DWORD currentCount = READDWORD(pHwContext->g_hpet_va, MainCounterReg); DWORD comparator = READDWORD(pHwContext->g_hpet_va, Tim0_ComparatorReg + 0); SETBIT(pHwContext->g_hpet_va, GenIntStaReg, 0); // clear interrupt on HPET level InterruptDone(pHwContext->g_sysIntr); // clear interrupt on OS level _LOGMSG(ZONE_INTERRUPT, (L"%s: HpetDrvIst 0 %06d %08X %08X", pHwContext->g_id, i++, currentCount, comparator)); #elif defined(_TIMER2) DWORD currentCount = READDWORD(pHwContext->g_hpet_va, MainCounterReg); DWORD previousComparator = READDWORD(pHwContext->g_hpet_va, Tim2_ComparatorReg + 0); pHwContext->g_counter2.QuadPart += pHwContext->g_comparator.QuadPart; // increment virtual counter (higher accuracy) DWORD comparator = (DWORD)(pHwContext->g_counter2.QuadPart >> 8); // "round" to real value WRITEDWORD(pHwContext->g_hpet_va, Tim2_ComparatorReg + 0, comparator); SETBIT(pHwContext->g_hpet_va, GenIntStaReg, 2); // clear interrupt on HPET level InterruptDone(pHwContext->g_sysIntr); // clear interrupt on OS level _LOGMSG(ZONE_INTERRUPT, (L"%s: HpetDrvIst 2 %06d %08X %08X (%08X)", pHwContext->g_id, i++, currentCount, comparator, comparator - previousComparator)); #else #pragma error("Unknown TIMER") #endif } return 1; } The following figure shows how the HPET hardware interrupt via ISR -> IST is translated in a Windows CE Event or Semaphore by the HPET driver. The Event or Semaphore can be used to trigger a Windows CE application. HpetTest.cpp (HpetTest.exe)This cpp file contains sample source how to use the HPET driver from an application. The file is part of a separate (smart device) VS2013 solution. It contains code to measure the generated Event/Semaphore times by means of GetSystemTime() and QueryPerformanceCounter() and QueryPerformanceFrequency() APIs. HPET evaluation If you scan the internet about HPET, you'll find many remarks about buggy HPET implementations and bad performance. Unfortunately that is true. I tested the HPET driver on an Intel ICH7M SBC (release date 2008). When a HPET timer expires on the ICH7M, an interrupt indeed is generated, but right after you clear the interrupt, a few more unwanted interrupts (too soon!) occur as well. I tested and debugged it for a loooong time, but I couldn't get it to work. I concluded ICH7M's HPET is buggy Intel hardware. I tested the HPET driver successfully on a more recent NM10 SBC (release date 2013). With the NM10 chipset however, I am not fully convinced about the timer's frequency accuracy. In the long run - on average - all is fine, but occasionally I experienced upto 20 microseconds delays (which were immediately compensated on the next interrupt). Of course, this was all measured by software, but I still experienced the occasional delay when both the HPET driver IST thread as the application thread ran at CeSetThreadPriority(1). If it is not the hardware, only the kernel can cause this delay. But Windows CE is an RTOS and I have never experienced such long delays with previous versions of Windows CE. I tested and developed this on WCE8, I am not heavily experienced with it yet. Internet forum threads however mention inaccurate HPET timer implementations as well. At this moment I haven't figured out what is going on here. Useful references: http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/technical-specifications/software-developers-hpet-spec-1-0a.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Precision_Event_Timer http://wiki.osdev.org/HPET Windows CE BSP source file package for HPET in MyBsp Note that this source code is "As Is". It is still under development and I cannot (and never will) guarantee the correctness of the code. Use it as a guide for your own HPET integration.

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• Iterative Conversion

  - by stuart ramage

  Question Received: I am toying with the idea of migrating the current information first and the remainder of the history at a later date. I have heard that the conversion tool copes with this, but haven't found any information on how it does. Answer: The Toolkit will support iterative conversions as long as the original master data key tables (the CK_* tables) are not cleared down from Staging (the already converted Transactional Data would need to be cleared down) and the Production instance being migrated into is actually Production (we have migrated into a pre-prod instance in the past and then unloaded this and loaded it into the real PROD instance, but this will not work for your situation. You need to be migrating directly into your intended environment). In this case the migration tool will still know all about the original keys and the generated keys for the primary objects (Account, SA, etc.) and as such it will be able to link the data converted as part of a second pass onto these entities. It should be noted that this may result in the original opening balances potentially being displayed with an incorrect value (if we are talking about Financial Transactions) and also that care will have to be taken to ensure that all related objects are aligned (eg. A Bill must have a set to bill segments, meter reads and a financial transactions, and these entities cannot exist independantly). It should also be noted that subsequent runs of the conversion tool would need to be 'trimmed' to ensure that they are only doing work on the objects affected. You would not want to revalidate and migrate all Person, Account, SA, SA/SP, SP and Premise details since this information has already been processed, but you would definitely want to run the affected transactional record validation and keygen processes. There is no real "hard-and-fast" rule around this processing since is it specific to each implmentations needs, but the majority of the effort required should be detailed in the Conversion Tool section of the online help (under Adminstration/ The Conversion Tool). The major rule is to ensure that you only run the steps and validation/keygen steps that you need and do not do a complete rerun for your subsequent conversion.

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• NHibernate Conventions

  - by Ricardo Peres

  Introduction It seems that nowadays everyone loves conventions! Not the ones that you go to, but the ones that you use, that is! It just happens that NHibernate also supports conventions, and we’ll see exactly how. Conventions in NHibernate are supported in two ways: Naming of tables and columns when not explicitly indicated in the mappings; Full domain mapping. Naming of Tables and Columns Since always NHibernate has supported the concept of a naming strategy. A naming strategy in NHibernate converts class and property names to table and column names and vice-versa, when a name is not explicitly supplied. In concrete, it must be a realization of the NHibernate.Cfg.INamingStrategy interface, of which NHibernate includes two implementations: DefaultNamingStrategy: the default implementation, where each column and table are mapped to identically named properties and classes, for example, “MyEntity” will translate to “MyEntity”; ImprovedNamingStrategy: underscores (_) are used to separate Pascal-cased fragments, for example, entity “MyEntity” will be mapped to a “my_entity” table. The naming strategy can be defined at configuration level (the Configuration instance) by calling the SetNamingStrategy method: 1: cfg.SetNamingStrategy(ImprovedNamingStrategy.Instance); Both the DefaultNamingStrategy and the ImprovedNamingStrategy classes offer singleton instances in the form of Instance static fields. DefaultNamingStrategy is the one NHibernate uses, if you don’t specify one. Domain Mapping In mapping by code, we have the choice of relying on conventions to do the mapping automatically. This means a class will inspect our classes and decide how they will relate to the database objects. The class that handles conventions is NHibernate.Mapping.ByCode.ConventionModelMapper, a specialization of the base by code mapper, NHibernate.Mapping.ByCode.ModelMapper. The ModelMapper relies on an internal SimpleModelInspector to help it decide what and how to map, but the mapper lets you override its decisions.  You apply code conventions like this: 1: //pick the types that you want to map 2: IEnumerable<Type> types = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetExportedTypes(); 3:  4: //conventions based mapper 5: ConventionModelMapper mapper = new ConventionModelMapper(); 6:  7: HbmMapping mapping = mapper.CompileMappingFor(types); 8:  9: //the one and only configuration instance 10: Configuration cfg = ...; 11: cfg.AddMapping(mapping); This is a very simple example, it lacks, at least, the id generation strategy, which you can add by adding an event handler like this: 1: mapper.BeforeMapClass += (IModelInspector modelInspector, Type type, IClassAttributesMapper classCustomizer) => 2: { 3: classCustomizer.Id(x => 4: { 5: //set the hilo generator 6: x.Generator(Generators.HighLow); 7: }); 8: }; The mapper will fire events like this whenever it needs to get information about what to do. And basically this is all it takes to automatically map your domain! It will correctly configure many-to-one and one-to-many relations, choosing bags or sets depending on your collections, will get the table and column names from the naming strategy we saw earlier and will apply the usual defaults to all properties, such as laziness and fetch mode. However, there is at least one thing missing: many-to-many relations. The conventional mapper doesn’t know how to find and configure them, which is a pity, but, alas, not difficult to overcome. To start, for my projects, I have this rule: each entity exposes a public property of type ISet<T> where T is, of course, the type of the other endpoint entity. Extensible as it is, NHibernate lets me implement this very easily: 1: mapper.IsOneToMany((MemberInfo member, Boolean isLikely) => 2: { 3: Type sourceType = member.DeclaringType; 4: Type destinationType = member.GetMemberFromDeclaringType().GetPropertyOrFieldType(); 5:  6: //check if the property is of a generic collection type 7: if ((destinationType.IsGenericCollection() == true) && (destinationType.GetGenericArguments().Length == 1)) 8: { 9: Type destinationEntityType = destinationType.GetGenericArguments().Single(); 10:  11: //check if the type of the generic collection property is an entity 12: if (mapper.ModelInspector.IsEntity(destinationEntityType) == true) 13: { 14: //check if there is an equivalent property on the target type that is also a generic collection and points to this entity 15: PropertyInfo collectionInDestinationType = destinationEntityType.GetProperties().Where(x => (x.PropertyType.IsGenericCollection() == true) && (x.PropertyType.GetGenericArguments().Length == 1) && (x.PropertyType.GetGenericArguments().Single() == sourceType)).SingleOrDefault(); 16:  17: if (collectionInDestinationType != null) 18: { 19: return (false); 20: } 21: } 22: } 23:  24: return (true); 25: }); 26:  27: mapper.IsManyToMany((MemberInfo member, Boolean isLikely) => 28: { 29: //a relation is many to many if it isn't one to many 30: Boolean isOneToMany = mapper.ModelInspector.IsOneToMany(member); 31: return (!isOneToMany); 32: }); 33:  34: mapper.BeforeMapManyToMany += (IModelInspector modelInspector, PropertyPath member, IManyToManyMapper collectionRelationManyToManyCustomizer) => 35: { 36: Type destinationEntityType = member.LocalMember.GetPropertyOrFieldType().GetGenericArguments().First(); 37: //set the mapping table column names from each source entity name plus the _Id sufix 38: collectionRelationManyToManyCustomizer.Column(destinationEntityType.Name + "_Id"); 39: }; 40:  41: mapper.BeforeMapSet += (IModelInspector modelInspector, PropertyPath member, ISetPropertiesMapper propertyCustomizer) => 42: { 43: if (modelInspector.IsManyToMany(member.LocalMember) == true) 44: { 45: propertyCustomizer.Key(x => x.Column(member.LocalMember.DeclaringType.Name + "_Id")); 46:  47: Type sourceType = member.LocalMember.DeclaringType; 48: Type destinationType = member.LocalMember.GetPropertyOrFieldType().GetGenericArguments().First(); 49: IEnumerable<String> names = new Type[] { sourceType, destinationType }.Select(x => x.Name).OrderBy(x => x); 50:  51: //set inverse on the relation of the alphabetically first entity name 52: propertyCustomizer.Inverse(sourceType.Name == names.First()); 53: //set mapping table name from the entity names in alphabetical order 54: propertyCustomizer.Table(String.Join("_", names)); 55: } 56: }; We have to understand how the conventions mapper thinks: For each collection of entities found, it will ask the mapper if it is a one-to-many; in our case, if the collection is a generic one that has an entity as its generic parameter, and the generic parameter type has a similar collection, then it is not a one-to-many; Next, the mapper will ask if the collection that it now knows is not a one-to-many is a many-to-many; Before a set is mapped, if it corresponds to a many-to-many, we set its mapping table. Now, this is tricky: because we have no way to maintain state, we sort the names of the two endpoint entities and we combine them with a “_”; for the first alphabetical entity, we set its relation to inverse – remember, on a many-to-many relation, only one endpoint must be marked as inverse; finally, we set the column name as the name of the entity with an “_Id” suffix; Before the many-to-many relation is processed, we set the column name as the name of the other endpoint entity with the “_Id” suffix, as we did for the set. And that’s it. With these rules, NHibernate will now happily find and configure many-to-many relations, as well as all the others. You can wrap this in a new conventions mapper class, so that it is more easily reusable: 1: public class ManyToManyConventionModelMapper : ConventionModelMapper 2: { 3: public ManyToManyConventionModelMapper() 4: { 5: base.IsOneToMany((MemberInfo member, Boolean isLikely) => 6: { 7: return (this.IsOneToMany(member, isLikely)); 8: }); 9:  10: base.IsManyToMany((MemberInfo member, Boolean isLikely) => 11: { 12: return (this.IsManyToMany(member, isLikely)); 13: }); 14:  15: base.BeforeMapManyToMany += this.BeforeMapManyToMany; 16: base.BeforeMapSet += this.BeforeMapSet; 17: } 18:  19: protected virtual Boolean IsManyToMany(MemberInfo member, Boolean isLikely) 20: { 21: //a relation is many to many if it isn't one to many 22: Boolean isOneToMany = this.ModelInspector.IsOneToMany(member); 23: return (!isOneToMany); 24: } 25:  26: protected virtual Boolean IsOneToMany(MemberInfo member, Boolean isLikely) 27: { 28: Type sourceType = member.DeclaringType; 29: Type destinationType = member.GetMemberFromDeclaringType().GetPropertyOrFieldType(); 30:  31: //check if the property is of a generic collection type 32: if ((destinationType.IsGenericCollection() == true) && (destinationType.GetGenericArguments().Length == 1)) 33: { 34: Type destinationEntityType = destinationType.GetGenericArguments().Single(); 35:  36: //check if the type of the generic collection property is an entity 37: if (this.ModelInspector.IsEntity(destinationEntityType) == true) 38: { 39: //check if there is an equivalent property on the target type that is also a generic collection and points to this entity 40: PropertyInfo collectionInDestinationType = destinationEntityType.GetProperties().Where(x => (x.PropertyType.IsGenericCollection() == true) && (x.PropertyType.GetGenericArguments().Length == 1) && (x.PropertyType.GetGenericArguments().Single() == sourceType)).SingleOrDefault(); 41:  42: if (collectionInDestinationType != null) 43: { 44: return (false); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: return (true); 50: } 51:  52: protected virtual new void BeforeMapManyToMany(IModelInspector modelInspector, PropertyPath member, IManyToManyMapper collectionRelationManyToManyCustomizer) 53: { 54: Type destinationEntityType = member.LocalMember.GetPropertyOrFieldType().GetGenericArguments().First(); 55: //set the mapping table column names from each source entity name plus the _Id sufix 56: collectionRelationManyToManyCustomizer.Column(destinationEntityType.Name + "_Id"); 57: } 58:  59: protected virtual new void BeforeMapSet(IModelInspector modelInspector, PropertyPath member, ISetPropertiesMapper propertyCustomizer) 60: { 61: if (modelInspector.IsManyToMany(member.LocalMember) == true) 62: { 63: propertyCustomizer.Key(x => x.Column(member.LocalMember.DeclaringType.Name + "_Id")); 64:  65: Type sourceType = member.LocalMember.DeclaringType; 66: Type destinationType = member.LocalMember.GetPropertyOrFieldType().GetGenericArguments().First(); 67: IEnumerable<String> names = new Type[] { sourceType, destinationType }.Select(x => x.Name).OrderBy(x => x); 68:  69: //set inverse on the relation of the alphabetically first entity name 70: propertyCustomizer.Inverse(sourceType.Name == names.First()); 71: //set mapping table name from the entity names in alphabetical order 72: propertyCustomizer.Table(String.Join("_", names)); 73: } 74: } 75: } Conclusion Of course, there is much more to mapping than this, I suggest you look at all the events and functions offered by the ModelMapper to see where you can hook for making it behave the way you want. If you need any help, just let me know!

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• How to Setup an Active Directory Domain-Week 26

  - by OWScott

  Today's lesson covers how to create an Active Directory domain and join a member server to it. This week's topic takes a slightly different turn from the normally IIS related topics, but this is key video to help setup either a test or production environment that requires Active Directory. Part of being a web administrator is understanding the servers and how they interact with each other. This week’s lesson takes a different path than usual and covers how to create an Active Directory domain and how to join a member computer to that domain. In less than 13 minutes we complete the entire process, end to end. An understanding of Active Directory is useful, whether it’s simply to setup a test lab, or to learn more so that you can manage a production domain environment. This week starts a mini-series on web farms. Today’s lesson is on setting up a domain which is a necessary prerequisite for next week which will be on Distributed File System Replication (DFS-R), a useful technology for web farms. Upcoming lessons will cover shared configuration, Application Request Routing (ARR), and more. Additionally, this video introduces us to Vaasnet (www.vaasnet.com), a service that allows the web pro to gain immediate access to an entire lab environment for situations such as these. This is week 26 (the middle week!) of a 52 week series for the Web Pro. Past and future videos can be found here: http://dotnetslackers.com/projects/LearnIIS7/ You can find this week’s video here.

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• Tuning Red Gate: #5 of Multiple

  - by Grant Fritchey

  In the Tuning Red Gate series I've shown you how to look at a current load on the system and how to drill down to look at historical analysis of the system. I've also shown how you can see the top queries and other information from the current status of the system. I have one more thing I can show you before we need to start fixing things and showing how that affects the data collected, historical moments in time. For example, back in Post #3 I was looking at some spikes in some of the monitored resources that were taking place a couple of weeks back in time. Once I identify a moment in time that I'm interested in, I can go back to the first page of Monitor, Global Overview, and click on the icon: From this you can select the date and time you're interested in. For example, I saw some serious CPU queues last week: This then rolls back the time for all the information that's available to the Global Overview and the drill down to the server and the SQL Server instance there. This then allows me to look at the Top Queries running at this point, sort them by CPU and identify what was potentially the query that was causing the problem right when I saw the CPU queuing This ability to correlate a moment in time with the information available to you in the Analysis window makes for an excellent tool to investigate your systems going backwards in time. It really makes a huge difference in your knowledge. It's not enough to know that something happened at a particular time. You need to know what it was that was occurring. Remember, the key to tuning your systems is having enough knowledge about them. I'll post more on Tuning Red Gate as soon as I can get some queries rewritten. I'm working on that.

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• A special user does not appear in Windows login screen

  - by shayan

  In the list of users (under Local Users and Groups in my Windows 7) I have an ASPNET user (its description says "Account used for running the ASP.NET worker process (aspnet_wp.exe)" and its full name is "ASP.NET Machine Account") The thing is this user does not appear in Windows login screen. What I have found: It is not a "Built-in security pricipal" user It belongs only to Users group I don't have HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\SpecialAccounts key in my registry In every sense I can see that it is a normal user yet it does not appear in login screen. Now the questions are: What does make it special? How can I create a user like this?

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• Damaged XenServer Storage LVM partition table

  - by Fiolek

  I have a homeserver running under XenServer control with 3x1TB discs inside, one for XenServer and two mirrored(using Intel's fakeRAID and dmraid) for VMs and a user data(but now I think RAID didn't work). I tried to pass PCI card to VM using PCI-passthroug and I read somewhere that I need to recompile kernel with pciback module but something went wrong(I made mistake in /boot/extlinux.conf and server couldn't run) and I had to use LiveCD of GPartEd(I already had it on USB key) to correct this. But when I re-run the server all VDIs were gone. I have completly no idea what could go wrong. I tried to repair RAID using dmraid -R in the hope that everything will return to noramal but now I think this done more bad than good(and corrupted rest of LVM table...). Is there any possibility to recover this SR or only data from one(~100GB) of VDI? I also wants to apologise for my English, I'm not from English-speaking country and I'm only 16 years old, so I hadn't "time" to learn it(school isn't good place to do this) in sufficient way.

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• SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #038

  - by Pinal Dave

  Here is the list of selected articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2007 CASE Statement in ORDER BY Clause – ORDER BY using Variable This article is as per request from the Application Development Team Leader of my company. His team encountered code where the application was preparing string for ORDER BY clause of the SELECT statement. Application was passing this string as variable to Stored Procedure (SP) and SP was using EXEC to execute the SQL string. This is not good for performance as Stored Procedure has to recompile every time due to EXEC. sp_executesql can do the same task but still not the best performance. SSMS – View/Send Query Results to Text/Grid/Files Results to Text – CTRL + T Results to Grid – CTRL + D Results to File – CTRL + SHIFT + F 2008 Introduction to SPARSE Columns Part 2 I wrote about Introduction to SPARSE Columns Part 1. Let us understand the concept of the SPARSE column in more detail. I suggest you read the first part before continuing reading this article. All SPARSE columns are stored as one XML column in the database. Let us see some of the advantage and disadvantage of SPARSE column. Deferred Name Resolution How come when table name is incorrect SP can be created successfully but when an incorrect column is used SP cannot be created? 2009 Backup Timeline and Understanding of Database Restore Process in Full Recovery Model In general, databases backup in full recovery mode is taken in three different kinds of database files. Full Database Backup Differential Database Backup Log Backup Restore Sequence and Understanding NORECOVERY and RECOVERY While doing RESTORE Operation if you restoring database files, always use NORECOVER option as that will keep the database in a state where more backup file are restored. This will also keep database offline also to prevent any changes, which can create itegrity issues. Once all backup file is restored run RESTORE command with a RECOVERY option to get database online and operational. Four Different Ways to Find Recovery Model for Database Perhaps, the best thing about technical domain is that most of the things can be executed in more than one ways. It is always useful to know about the various methods of performing a single task. Two Methods to Retrieve List of Primary Keys and Foreign Keys of Database When Information Schema is used, we will not be able to discern between primary key and foreign key; we will have both the keys together. In the case of sys schema, we can query the data in our preferred way and can join this table to another table, which can retrieve additional data from the same. Get Last Running Query Based on SPID PID is returns sessions ID of the current user process. The acronym SPID comes from the name of its earlier version, Server Process ID. 2010 SELECT * FROM dual – Dual Equivalent Dual is a table that is created by Oracle together with data dictionary. It consists of exactly one column named “dummy”, and one record. The value of that record is X. You can check the content of the DUAL table using the following syntax. SELECT * FROM dual Identifying Statistics Used by Query Someone asked this question in my training class of query optimization and performance tuning.  “Can I know which statistics were used by my query?” 2011 SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Day 14 of 31 What are the basic functions for master, msdb, model, tempdb and resource databases? What is the Maximum Number of Index per Table? Explain Few of the New Features of SQL Server 2008 Management Studio Explain IntelliSense for Query Editing Explain MultiServer Query Explain Query Editor Regions Explain Object Explorer Enhancements Explain Activity Monitors SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Day 15 of 31 What is Service Broker? Where are SQL server Usernames and Passwords Stored in the SQL server? What is Policy Management? What is Database Mirroring? What are Sparse Columns? What does TOP Operator Do? What is CTE? What is MERGE Statement? What is Filtered Index? Which are the New Data Types Introduced in SQL SERVER 2008? SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Day 16 of 31 What are the Advantages of Using CTE? How can we Rewrite Sub-Queries into Simple Select Statements or with Joins? What is CLR? What are Synonyms? What is LINQ? What are Isolation Levels? What is Use of EXCEPT Clause? What is XPath? What is NOLOCK? What is the Difference between Update Lock and Exclusive Lock? SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Day 17 of 31 How will you Handle Error in SQL SERVER 2008? What is RAISEERROR? What is RAISEERROR? How to Rebuild the Master Database? What is the XML Datatype? What is Data Compression? What is Use of DBCC Commands? How to Copy the Tables, Schema and Views from one SQL Server to Another? How to Find Tables without Indexes? SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Day 18 of 31 How to Copy Data from One Table to Another Table? What is Catalog Views? What is PIVOT and UNPIVOT? What is a Filestream? What is SQLCMD? What do you mean by TABLESAMPLE? What is ROW_NUMBER()? What are Ranking Functions? What is Change Data Capture (CDC) in SQL Server 2008? SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Day 19 of 31 How can I Track the Changes or Identify the Latest Insert-Update-Delete from a Table? What is the CPU Pressure? How can I Get Data from a Database on Another Server? What is the Bookmark Lookup and RID Lookup? What is Difference between ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE and WITH NO_WAIT during ALTER DATABASE? What is Difference between GETDATE and SYSDATETIME in SQL Server 2008? How can I Check that whether Automatic Statistic Update is Enabled or not? How to Find Index Size for Each Index on Table? What is the Difference between Seek Predicate and Predicate? What are Basics of Policy Management? What are the Advantages of Policy Management? SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Day 20 of 31 What are Policy Management Terms? What is the ‘FILLFACTOR’? Where in MS SQL Server is ’100’ equal to ‘0’? What are Points to Remember while Using the FILLFACTOR Argument? What is a ROLLUP Clause? What are Various Limitations of the Views? What is a Covered index? When I Delete any Data from a Table, does the SQL Server reduce the size of that table? What are Wait Types? How to Stop Log File Growing too Big? If any Stored Procedure is Encrypted, then can we see its definition in Activity Monitor? 2012 Example of Width Sensitive and Width Insensitive Collation Width Sensitive Collation: A single-byte character (half-width) represented as single-byte and the same character represented as a double-byte character (full-width) are when compared are not equal the collation is width sensitive. In this example we have one table with two columns. One column has a collation of width sensitive and the second column has a collation of width insensitive. Find Column Used in Stored Procedure – Search Stored Procedure for Column Name Very interesting conversation about how to find column used in a stored procedure. There are two different characters in the story and both are having a conversation about how to find column in the stored procedure. Here are two part story Part 1 | Part 2 SQL SERVER – 2012 Functions – FORMAT() and CONCAT() – An Interesting Usage Generate Script for Schema and Data – SQL in Sixty Seconds #021 – Video In simple words, in many cases the database move from one place to another place. It is not always possible to back up and restore databases. There are possibilities when only part of the database (with schema and data) has to be moved. In this video we learn that we can easily generate script for schema for data and move from one server to another one. INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS and Value Character Maximum Length -1 I often see the value -1 in the CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH column of INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS table. I understand that the length of any column can be between 0 to large number but I do not get it when I see value in negative (i.e. -1). Any insight on this subject? Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Recover OffScreen Window in Windows 8

  - by Jason McD

  Someone asked a very similar question in regards to window recovery for windows xp: Similar Recovery I'm using windows 8 (or 8.1 now). I run Dual Monitors. On Monitor 2 I sometimes have the input switched to something else other than the windows display (Mac or PS3). If there was a program that was displaying on Window #2 that does not have 'move' where I could potentially alt-space-m arrow keys. Is there another way to get that program to display on Window #1? I tried right click on the program and doesn't seem to be anything there. I tried Windows Key and Arrows. I Tried right click toolbar and cascade. I'm hoping this is a DUP or Softball question because this annoys the crap out of me. Thanks!!

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• FreeNX is very unresponsive compare to VNC when using over LAN

  - by Phuong Nguyen

  I find FreeNX is quite unresponsive compare to VNC when using over LAN. I run Netbeans inside a Quad Core Server and remote desktop to it through both NX & VNC. For VNC, the screen will be nicely updated as I scroll the Netbean IDE For FreeNX, flickering happened and the mouse cursor become unresponsive as I tried to do the samething. Have anyone encountered the same? I don't like VNC because when VNC doesnot correctly understand the "Windows" key (interpreted as Super L instead of Mod) Is there any adjustment that can avoid that annoyance? I have tried both FreeNX-Server and NeatX-Server and both resulted in the same unresponsiveness.

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• Copy Excel Formatting the Easy Way with Format Painter

  - by DigitalGeekery

  The Format Painter in Excel makes it easy to copy the formatting of a cell and apply it to another. With just a few clicks you can reproduce formatting such as fonts, alignment, text size, border, and background color. On any Excel worksheet, click on the cell with the formatting you’d like to copy.  You will see dashed lines around the selected cell. Then select the Home tab and click on the Format Painter.   You’ll see your cursor now includes a paintbrush graphic. Move to the cell where you’d like to apply the formatting and click on it. Your target cell will now have the new formatting.   If you double-clicking on Format Painter you can then click on multiple individual files to which to apply the format. Or, you can click and drag across a group of cells. When you are finished applying formats, click on Format Painter again, or on the Esc key, to turn it off. The Format Painter is a very simple, but extremely useful and time saving tool when creating complex worksheets. Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Use Conditional Formatting to Find Duplicate Data in Excel 2007Remove Text Formatting in Firefox the Easy WayMake Excel 2007 Always Save in Excel 2003 FormatUsing Conditional Cell Formatting in Excel 2007Make Word 2007 Always Save in Word 2003 Format TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips DVDFab 6 Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows PC Tools Internet Security Suite 2010 New Firefox release 3.6.3 fixes 1 Critical bug Dark Side of the Moon (8-bit) Norwegian Life If Web Browsers Were Modes of Transportation Google Translate (for animals) Roadkill’s Scan Port scans for open ports

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• Can't upload project to PPA using Quickly

  - by RobinJ

  I can't get Quickly to upload my project into my PPA. I've set up my PGP key and used it so sign the code of conduct, and the PPA exists. I don't know what other usefull information I can supply. robin@RobinJ:~/Ubuntu One/Python/gtkreddit$ quickly share --ppa robinj/gtkredditGet Launchpad Settings Launchpad connection is ok gpg: WARNING: unsafe permissions on configuration file `/home/robin/.gnupg/gpg.conf' gpg: WARNING: unsafe enclosing directory permissions on configuration file `/home/robin/.gnupg/gpg.conf' gpg: WARNING: unsafe permissions on configuration file `/home/robin/.gnupg/gpg.conf' gpg: WARNING: unsafe enclosing directory permissions on configuration file `/home/robin/.gnupg/gpg.conf' Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/share/quickly/templates/ubuntu-application/share.py", line 138, in <module> license.licensing() File "/usr/share/quickly/templates/ubuntu-application/license.py", line 284, in licensing {'translatable': 'yes'}) File "/usr/share/quickly/templates/ubuntu-application/internal/quicklyutils.py", line 166, in change_xml_elem xml_tree.find(parent_node).insert(0, new_node) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'insert' ERROR: share command failed Aborting I reported this as a bug on Launchpad, because I assume that it is a bug. If you know a quick workaround, please let me know. https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/quickly/+bug/1018138

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• Mac OS X - rmdir fails with "Operation not permitted" for a folder created by a PC on a removable dr

  - by maxint

  Hello. I have a problem (using Mac OS X 10.5.8) with the access rights of a folder that was presumably created by a virus on a disk-on-key drive when I used it with a PC. I can't remove the folder or change it's name. In Finder's Info window the Lock box is unchecked and uncheckable - if I try to check it it flips back to off. Please see the details: MaxBookAir:GARMIN'S maxint$ rmdir winamp_cache_0001/ rmdir: winamp_cache_0001/: Operation not permitted MaxBookAir:GARMIN'S maxint$ MaxBookAir:GARMIN'S maxint$ mv winamp_cache_0001 test mv: rename winamp_cache_0001 to test: Operation not permitted MaxBookAir:GARMIN'S maxint$ MaxBookAir:GARMIN'S maxint$ GetFileInfo winamp_cache_0001 directory: "/Volumes/GARMIN'S/winamp_cache_0001" attributes: avbstclinmedz created: 12/23/2009 14:34:52 modified: 02/13/2010 22:52:36 MaxBookAir:GARMIN'S maxint$ MaxBookAir:GARMIN'S maxint$ stat -x winamp_cache_0001 File: "winamp_cache_0001" Size: 32768 FileType: Directory Mode: (0777/drwxrwxrwx) Uid: ( 502/ maxint) Gid: ( 20/ staff) Device: 14,5 Inode: 7439 Links: 1 Access: Wed Dec 23 00:00:00 2009 Modify: Sat Feb 13 22:52:36 2010 Change: Sat Feb 13 22:52:36 2010 MaxBookAir:GARMIN'S maxint$ MaxBookAir:GARMIN'S maxint$ stat -r winamp_cache_0001 234881029 7439 040777 1 502 20 0 32768 1261506600 1266081756 1266081756 1261559092 131072 64 32768 winamp_cache_0001 MaxBookAir:GARMIN'S maxint$ MaxBookAir:GARMIN'S maxint$ ls -lTd winamp_cache_0001/ drwxrwxrwx 1 maxint staff 32768 Feb 13 22:52:36 2010 winamp_cache_0001/ MaxBookAir:GARMIN'S maxint$

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• Caching in the .NET Stack: Inside-Out

  - by Elton Stoneman

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/EltonStoneman/archive/2013/06/28/caching-in-the-.net-stack-inside-out.aspxI'm delighted to have my first course published on Pluralsight - Caching in the .NET Stack: Inside-out.   It's a pretty comprehensive look at caching in .NET solutions. The first half covers using local, remote and persistent cache stores inside the solution, including the .NET MemoryCache, NCache Express, AppFabric Caching, memcached, Azure Table Storage and local disk stores. The second half covers caching outside the solution in HTTP clients and proxies, and how to set up ASP.NET WebForms, MVC, Web API and WCF projects to use HTTP validation and expiration caching.   The course takes a hands-on approach, starting with a distributed solution that has no caching, analysing key points which can benefit from caching, and adding different types of cache. At the end of the course I run through a set of before and after performance tests, stressing the solution under load. Without caching and with 60 concurrent users the page response time maxes out at 18 seconds - with caching that falls to 2 seconds, so it's a huge improvement from very little effort. I’d be glad to hear feedback if you watch the course, especially if it’s as positive as my editor’s.

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• Skype keypad tones

  - by Don

  Hi, When I push a number on the Skype keypad (or use the number keys on the keyboard) no tone is emitted. This happens both when dialling a number and if I push a key during a call. This makes it impossible for me to use Skype with automated telephone systems that require you to use the keypad to enter data or choose between various options. I spoke to somebody who works in a call centre about this and they indicated that somebody had mentioned that it's possible to disable (DTMF) tones in Skype. I've looked through all the Skype options and can't find any way to enable/disable DTMF tones. If somebody knows how I can do this, or has another suggestion for fixing the problem, please let me know. I'm using version 4.2.0.152 of Skype. Thanks, Don

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• Question about Remote WAN IP on NetGear FVS336G VPN setup

  - by camilian

  I wanted to be able to have a VPN connection to my home network so I purchased the FVS336G because the reviews said it was easy set up. I am sure it is for someone that knows what needs to be entered it is easy, but I am a little confused. Using the VPN wizard I choose VPN Client as the tunnel connection, enter key, etc... but then I get to the "What is the remote WAN's IP or Internet Name" and "What is the local WAN's IP address or Internet Name" I am lost. I am probably being really dumb, but I am not sure what I need to put in here. Is the remote WAN ip the ip from the outside world to my cable modem? Is the local ip the ip to my FVS336G? Any help would be appreciated.

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• Windows 7 64bit keyboard issues

  - by Scott

  I have a Pavilion dv4 notebook running Windows 7 64bit Enterprise edition. This morning I started to notice some really strange behavior in how it handled its built-in keyboard. At random intervals there will be a long delay in key presses, to which some keys will never show and other keys will continue to repeat until you hit the backspace. Other keys get mapped incorrectly to other keys. If I hook up an external keyboard the problem does not appear. Before I reformat the machine and do a fresh install, I thought I would check here to see if anyone has experienced this same issue and if so, how did you fix it?

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• General directions on developing a server side control system for JS/Canvas Action RPG

  - by Billy Ninja

  Well, yesterday I asked on anti-cheat JS, and confirmed what I kind of already knew that it's just not possible. Now I wanna measure roughly how hard it is to implement a server side checking that is agnostic to client input, that does not mess with the game experience so much. I don't wanna waste to much resource on this matter, since it's going to be initially a single player game, that I may or would like to introduce some kind of ranking, trading system later on. I'd rather deliver better more cool game features instead. I don't wanna have to guarantee super fast server response to keep the game going lag free. I'd rather go with more loose discrete control of key variables and instances. Like store user's action on a fifo buffer on the client, and push that actions to the server gradually. I'd love to see a elegant, generic solution that I could plug into my client game logic root (not having to scatter treatments everywhere in my client js) - and have few classes on Node.js server that could handle that - without having to mirror/describe all of my game entities a second time on the server.

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• How to get diagnostic information on a failing Windows Server 2012 install

  - by Tobius Maximus

  I am trying to install a copy of Windows Server 2012 on two machines. Both machines go through the initial "Files loading" progress bar and get to the new Windows Server 2012 logo. However, the installation (on both machines) will immediately fail, and the machine will restart. I am trying to figure out if there's a way to display diagnostic information about the error before or after restarting, but Google is not helping me at all. Is there a key combination I can hit that will display an error log, perhaps?

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• Partner Webcast: Oracle SOA Governance - 4 October 2012

  - by Thanos

  Oracle is pleased to invite you to a webcast on "Oracle SOA Governance Strategy" intended for our partners. SOA Governance is the framework that enables you to define and enforce rules for communication, collaboration, service development, management and usage across the enterprise and among the decision makers. It also allows you to define metrics to assess the quality of services and to measure their cost and benefits for your organization. Service Oriented Architecture comes with a promise! A promise to make your business more agile by the ability to create reusable services developed and deployed in cooperation between the business and IT. This promise can only be kept, if all the involved parties in your enterprise, across departments communicate and collaborate efficiently on establishing and maintaining and developing the service oriented assets. Such collaboration requires guidance and control. In this webcast you will hear about the key factors needed to establish successful SOA governance both from organizational as well as from technical point of view. Agenda: Introduction to SOA Challenges of SOA governance SOA governance principles Governing Service lifecycle Rules for choosing a service Q&A session Delivery Format This FREE online LIVE eSeminar will be delivered over the Web. Registrations received less than 24hours prior to start time may not receive confirmation to attend. Duration: 1 hour Register Now Also make sure to checkout the relevant SOA Governance Resource Kit For any questions please contact us at [email protected]

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• Partner Webcast: Oracle SOA Governance - 4 October 2012

  - by J Swaroop

  Oracle is pleased to invite you to a webcast on "Oracle SOA Governance Strategy" intended for our partners. SOA Governance is the framework that enables you to define and enforce rules for communication, collaboration, service development, management and usage across the enterprise and among the decision makers. It also allows you to define metrics to assess the quality of services and to measure their cost and benefits for your organization. Service Oriented Architecture comes with a promise! A promise to make your business more agile by the ability to create reusable services developed and deployed in cooperation between the business and IT. This promise can only be kept, if all the involved parties in your enterprise, across departments communicate and collaborate efficiently on establishing and maintaining and developing the service oriented assets. Such collaboration requires guidance and control. In this webcast you will hear about the key factors needed to establish successful SOA governance both from organizational as well as from technical point of view. Agenda: Introduction to SOA Challenges of SOA governance SOA governance principles Governing Service lifecycle Rules for choosing a service Q&A session Delivery Format This FREE online LIVE eSeminar will be delivered over the Web. Registrations received less than 24hours prior to start time may not receive confirmation to attend. Duration: 1 hour Register Now Also make sure to checkout the relevant SOA Governance Resource Kit For any questions please contact us at [email protected]

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• Microsoft ISA 2006 Log Extraction Issues

  - by Johandk

  Hi, We have a client running ISA2006 with logs going to MSDE. The MSDE database gets rotated. We have NO control over the client infrastructure. We need to get the logs out to a TEXT file on the server itself which will be forwarded to a remote server by other software we already have in place. My first thought was doing it via Stored Procs. Another option is vbscript? The actual table holding the logs has no primary key or other identifier so I think the dump should be done once a day for the previous day, but ideally it should run several times a day. Any ideas?

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• MyTop doesn't display executed queries

  - by recluze

  Hi, I'm trying to use mytop for figuring out what queries are being executed and how long they take. I can connect properly to the db but MySQL on localhost (5.1.41-3ubuntu12.8) up 0+01:50:47 [09:30:43] Queries: 3.0 qps: 0 Slow: 0.0 Se/In/Up/De(%): 68767/00/00/00 Key Efficiency: 99.1% Bps in/out: 0.0/ 1.2 Id User Host/IP DB Time Cmd Query or State -- ---- ------- -- ---- --- -------------- 225 root localhost 0 Query show full processlist 186 joom localhost culinary 5684 Sleep The number of queries increases over time but the queries themselves do not appear in the list. Is there some type of configuration that I need to do to enable it?

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• Data and Secularism

  - by kaleidoscope

  Ever since we’ve been using Data we’ve been religious. Religious about the way we represent it and equally religious about the way we access it. Be it plain old SQL, DAO, ADO, ADO.Net and I am just referring to religions in MSFT world. A peek outside and I’d need a separate book to list out the Data faiths. Various application areas in networked computing are converging under the HTTP umbrella with a plausible transition to purist HTTP and in turn REST fuelled by the Web2.0 storm. It was time the Data access faiths also gave up the religious silos wrapped around our long worshipped data publishing and access methods. OData is the secular solution we have at hand today. It is an open protocol for sharing data. It can be exposed via REST. It is Open as in the Microsoft Open Specification Promise. This allows virtually everyone to build Data Services for any runtime. OData is one of the key standards for Data publishing/subscribing on Microsoft Codename Dallas. For us .Netters OData data sources can be exposed/consumed via WCF Data Services and the process is very simple, elegant and intuitive. Applications exposing OData Services Sharepoint 2010 IBM Web Sphere Microsoft SQL Azure Windows Azure Table Storage SQL Server Reporting Services   Live OData Services Netflix Open Science Data Initiative Open Government Data Initiatives Northwind database exposed as OData Service and many others Some may prefer to call it commoditization of data, unification of data access strategies or any other sweet name. I for one will stick to my secular definition. :) Technorati Tags: Sarang,OData,MOSP

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• Distributing Files using a Group Policy on Windows Server 2003

  - by tonedeath

  A piece of software that we use at our office has recently moved to a new licensing system. This means that from now on a new set of license key files will need to be distributed to each of our 25 client installations every year. All of the clients run XP and are part of an AD domain controlled by a Windows 2003 DC. I'm already using group policies to deploy software updates. I gather that this is possible with Group Policy Preferences in Server 2008. I'm just looking for a good method using Server 2003. The same set of files need copying to each client. I also have them hosted on a network share accessible by each client. I'm more of a *nix person, so I'm not particularly up on scripting in a Windows environment.

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