initialisation - Page 6

Java style FOR loop in a clojure interpeter ?

- by Kevin

I have a basic interpreter in clojure. Now i need to implement for (initialisation; finish-test; loop-update) { statements } inside my interpreter. I will attach my interpreter code I got so far. Any help is appreciated. Interpreter (declare interpret make-env) ;; (def do-trace false) ;; ;; simple utilities (def third ; return third item in a list (fn [a-list] (second (rest a-list)))) (def fourth ; return fourth item in a list (fn [a-list] (third (rest a-list)))) (def run ; make it easy to test the interpreter (fn [e] (println "Processing: " e) (println "=> " (interpret e (make-env))))) ;; for the environment (def make-env (fn [] '())) (def add-var (fn [env var val] (cons (list var val) env))) (def lookup-var (fn [env var] (cond (empty? env) 'error (= (first (first env)) var) (second (first env)) :else (lookup-var (rest env) var)))) ;; -- define numbers (def is-number? (fn [expn] (number? expn))) (def interpret-number (fn [expn env] expn)) ;; -- define symbols (def is-symbol? (fn [expn] (symbol? expn))) (def interpret-symbol (fn [expn env] (lookup-var env expn))) ;; -- define boolean (def is-boolean? (fn [expn] (or (= expn 'true) (= expn 'false)))) (def interpret-boolean (fn [expn env] expn)) ;; -- define functions (def is-function? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= 'lambda (first expn))))) (def interpret-function (fn [expn env] expn)) ;; -- define addition (def is-plus? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= '+ (first expn))))) (def interpret-plus (fn [expn env] (+ (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define subtraction (def is-minus? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= '- (first expn))))) (def interpret-minus (fn [expn env] (- (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define multiplication (def is-times? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= '* (first expn))))) (def interpret-times (fn [expn env] (* (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define division (def is-divides? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= '/ (first expn))))) (def interpret-divides (fn [expn env] (/ (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define equals test (def is-equals? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= '= (first expn))))) (def interpret-equals (fn [expn env] (= (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define greater-than test (def is-greater-than? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= '> (first expn))))) (def interpret-greater-than (fn [expn env] (> (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define not (def is-not? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 2 (count expn)) (= 'not (first expn))))) (def interpret-not (fn [expn env] (not (interpret (second expn) env)))) ;; -- define or (def is-or? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= 'or (first expn))))) (def interpret-or (fn [expn env] (or (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define and (def is-and? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= 'and (first expn))))) (def interpret-and (fn [expn env] (and (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define with (def is-with? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= 'with (first expn))))) (def interpret-with (fn [expn env] (interpret (third expn) (add-var env (first (second expn)) (interpret (second (second expn)) env))))) ;; -- define if (def is-if? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 4 (count expn)) (= 'if (first expn))))) (def interpret-if (fn [expn env] (cond (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env) :else (interpret (fourth expn) env)))) ;; -- define function-application (def is-function-application? (fn [expn env] (and (list? expn) (= 2 (count expn)) (is-function? (interpret (first expn) env))))) (def interpret-function-application (fn [expn env] (let [function (interpret (first expn) env)] (interpret (third function) (add-var env (first (second function)) (interpret (second expn) env)))))) ;; the interpreter itself (def interpret (fn [expn env] (cond do-trace (println "Interpret is processing: " expn)) (cond ; basic values (is-number? expn) (interpret-number expn env) (is-symbol? expn) (interpret-symbol expn env) (is-boolean? expn) (interpret-boolean expn env) (is-function? expn) (interpret-function expn env) ; built-in functions (is-plus? expn) (interpret-plus expn env) (is-minus? expn) (interpret-minus expn env) (is-times? expn) (interpret-times expn env) (is-divides? expn) (interpret-divides expn env) (is-equals? expn) (interpret-equals expn env) (is-greater-than? expn) (interpret-greater-than expn env) (is-not? expn) (interpret-not expn env) (is-or? expn) (interpret-or expn env) (is-and? expn) (interpret-and expn env) ; special syntax (is-with? expn) (interpret-with expn env) (is-if? expn) (interpret-if expn env) ; functions (is-function-application? expn env) (interpret-function-application expn env) :else 'error)))

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Qt C++ signals and slots did not fire

- by Xegara

I have programmed Qt a couple of times already and I really like the signals and slots feature. But now, I guess I'm having a problem when a signal is emitted from one thread, the corresponding slot from another thread is not fired. The connection was made in the main program. This is also my first time to use Qt for ROS which uses CMake. The signal fired by the QThread triggered their corresponding slots but the emitted signal of my class UserInput did not trigger the slot in tflistener where it supposed to. I have tried everything I can. Any help? The code is provided below. Main.cpp #include <QCoreApplication> #include <QThread> #include "userinput.h" #include "tfcompleter.h" int main(int argc, char** argv) { QCoreApplication app(argc, argv); QThread *thread1 = new QThread(); QThread *thread2 = new QThread(); UserInput *input1 = new UserInput(); TfCompleter *completer = new TfCompleter(); QObject::connect(input1, SIGNAL(togglePause2()), completer, SLOT(toggle())); QObject::connect(thread1, SIGNAL(started()), completer, SLOT(startCounting())); QObject::connect(thread2, SIGNAL(started()), input1, SLOT(start())); completer->moveToThread(thread1); input1->moveToThread(thread2); thread1->start(); thread2->start(); app.exec(); return 0; } What I want to do is.. There are two seperate threads. One thread is for the user input. When the user enters [space], the thread emits a signal to toggle the boolean member field of the other thread. The other thread 's task is to just continue its process if the user wants it to run, otherwise, the user does not want it to run. I wanted to grant the user to toggle the processing anytime that he wants, that's why I decided to bring them into seperate threads. The following codes are the tflistener and userinput. tfcompleter.h #ifndef TFCOMPLETER_H #define TFCOMPLETER_H #include <QObject> #include <QtCore> class TfCompleter : public QObject { Q_OBJECT private: bool isCount; public Q_SLOTS: void toggle(); void startCounting(); }; #endif tflistener.cpp #include "tfcompleter.h" #include <iostream> void TfCompleter::startCounting() { static uint i = 0; while(true) { if(isCount) std::cout << i++ << std::endl; } } void TfCompleter::toggle() { // isCount = ~isCount; std::cout << "isCount " << std::endl; } UserInput.h #ifndef USERINPUT_H #define USERINPUT_H #include <QObject> #include <QtCore> class UserInput : public QObject { Q_OBJECT public Q_SLOTS: void start(); // Waits for the keypress from the user and emits the corresponding signal. public: Q_SIGNALS: void togglePause2(); }; #endif UserInput.cpp #include "userinput.h" #include <iostream> #include <cstdio> // Implementation of getch #include <termios.h> #include <unistd.h> /* reads from keypress, doesn't echo */ int getch(void) { struct termios oldattr, newattr; int ch; tcgetattr( STDIN_FILENO, &oldattr ); newattr = oldattr; newattr.c_lflag &= ~( ICANON | ECHO ); tcsetattr( STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &newattr ); ch = getchar(); tcsetattr( STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &oldattr ); return ch; } void UserInput::start() { char c = 0; while (true) { c = getch(); if (c == ' ') { Q_EMIT togglePause2(); std::cout << "SPACE" << std::endl; } c = 0; } } Here is the CMakeLists.txt. I just placed it here also since I don't know maybe the CMake has also a factor here. CMakeLists.txt ############################################################################## # CMake ############################################################################## cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.4.6) ############################################################################## # Ros Initialisation ############################################################################## include($ENV{ROS_ROOT}/core/rosbuild/rosbuild.cmake) rosbuild_init() set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON) #set the default path for built executables to the "bin" directory set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin) #set the default path for built libraries to the "lib" directory set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib) # Set the build type. Options are: # Coverage : w/ debug symbols, w/o optimization, w/ code-coverage # Debug : w/ debug symbols, w/o optimization # Release : w/o debug symbols, w/ optimization # RelWithDebInfo : w/ debug symbols, w/ optimization # MinSizeRel : w/o debug symbols, w/ optimization, stripped binaries #set(ROS_BUILD_TYPE Debug) ############################################################################## # Qt Environment ############################################################################## # Could use this, but qt-ros would need an updated deb, instead we'll move to catkin # rosbuild_include(qt_build qt-ros) rosbuild_find_ros_package(qt_build) include(${qt_build_PACKAGE_PATH}/qt-ros.cmake) rosbuild_prepare_qt4(QtCore) # Add the appropriate components to the component list here ADD_DEFINITIONS(-DQT_NO_KEYWORDS) ############################################################################## # Sections ############################################################################## #file(GLOB QT_FORMS RELATIVE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} ui/*.ui) #file(GLOB QT_RESOURCES RELATIVE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} resources/*.qrc) file(GLOB_RECURSE QT_MOC RELATIVE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} FOLLOW_SYMLINKS include/rgbdslam_client/*.hpp) #QT4_ADD_RESOURCES(QT_RESOURCES_CPP ${QT_RESOURCES}) #QT4_WRAP_UI(QT_FORMS_HPP ${QT_FORMS}) QT4_WRAP_CPP(QT_MOC_HPP ${QT_MOC}) ############################################################################## # Sources ############################################################################## file(GLOB_RECURSE QT_SOURCES RELATIVE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} FOLLOW_SYMLINKS src/*.cpp) ############################################################################## # Binaries ############################################################################## rosbuild_add_executable(rgbdslam_client ${QT_SOURCES} ${QT_MOC_HPP}) #rosbuild_add_executable(rgbdslam_client ${QT_SOURCES} ${QT_RESOURCES_CPP} ${QT_FORMS_HPP} ${QT_MOC_HPP}) target_link_libraries(rgbdslam_client ${QT_LIBRARIES})

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help with fixing fwts errors log

- by jasmines

Here is an extract of results.log: MTRR validation. Test 1 of 3: Validate the kernel MTRR IOMEM setup. FAILED [MEDIUM] MTRRIncorrectAttr: Test 1, Memory range 0xc0000000 to 0xdfffffff (PCI Bus 0000:00) has incorrect attribute Write-Combining. FAILED [MEDIUM] MTRRIncorrectAttr: Test 1, Memory range 0xfee01000 to 0xffffffff (PCI Bus 0000:00) has incorrect attribute Write-Protect. ==================================================================================================== Test 1 of 1: Kernel log error check. Kernel message: [ 0.208079] [Firmware Bug]: ACPI: BIOS _OSI(Linux) query ignored ADVICE: This is not exactly a failure mode but a warning from the kernel. The _OSI() method has implemented a match to the 'Linux' query in the DSDT and this is redundant because the ACPI driver matches onto the Windows _OSI strings by default. FAILED [HIGH] KlogACPIErrorMethodExecutionParse: Test 1, HIGH Kernel message: [ 3.512783] ACPI Error : Method parse/execution failed [\_SB_.PCI0.GFX0._DOD] (Node f7425858), AE_AML_PACKAGE_LIMIT (20110623/psparse-536) ADVICE: This is a bug picked up by the kernel, but as yet, the firmware test suite has no diagnostic advice for this particular problem. Found 1 unique errors in kernel log. ==================================================================================================== Check if system is using latest microcode. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cannot read microcode file /usr/share/misc/intel-microcode.dat. Aborted test, initialisation failed. ==================================================================================================== MSR register tests. FAILED [MEDIUM] MSRCPUsInconsistent: Test 1, MSR SYSENTER_ESP (0x175) has 1 inconsistent values across 2 CPUs for (shift: 0 mask: 0xffffffffffffffff). MSR CPU 0 -> 0xf7bb9c40 vs CPU 1 -> 0xf7bc7c40 FAILED [MEDIUM] MSRCPUsInconsistent: Test 1, MSR MISC_ENABLE (0x1a0) has 1 inconsistent values across 2 CPUs for (shift: 0 mask: 0x400c51889). MSR CPU 0 -> 0x850088 vs CPU 1 -> 0x850089 ==================================================================================================== Checks firmware has set PCI Express MaxReadReq to a higher value on non-motherboard devices. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test 1 of 1: Check firmware settings MaxReadReq for PCI Express devices. MaxReadReq for pci://00:00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 03) is low (128) [Audio device]. MaxReadReq for pci://00:02:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation PRO/Wireless 5100 AGN [Shiloh] Network Connection is low (128) [Network controller]. FAILED [LOW] LowMaxReadReq: Test 1, 2 devices have low MaxReadReq settings. Firmware may have configured these too low. ADVICE: The MaxReadRequest size is set too low and will affect performance. It will provide excellent bus sharing at the cost of bus data transfer rates. Although not a critical issue, it may be worth considering setting the MaxReadRequest size to 256 or 512 to increase throughput on the PCI Express bus. Some drivers (for example the Brocade Fibre Channel driver) allow one to override the firmware settings. Where possible, this BIOS configuration setting is worth increasing it a little more for better performance at a small reduction of bus sharing. ==================================================================================================== PCIe ASPM check. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test 1 of 2: PCIe ASPM ACPI test. PCIE ASPM is not controlled by Linux kernel. ADVICE: BIOS reports that Linux kernel should not modify ASPM settings that BIOS configured. It can be intentional because hardware vendors identified some capability bugs between the motherboard and the add-on cards. Test 2 of 2: PCIe ASPM registers test. WARNING: Test 2, RP 00h:1Ch.01h L0s not enabled. WARNING: Test 2, RP 00h:1Ch.01h L1 not enabled. WARNING: Test 2, Device 02h:00h.00h L0s not enabled. WARNING: Test 2, Device 02h:00h.00h L1 not enabled. PASSED: Test 2, PCIE aspm setting matched was matched. WARNING: Test 2, RP 00h:1Ch.05h L0s not enabled. WARNING: Test 2, RP 00h:1Ch.05h L1 not enabled. WARNING: Test 2, Device 85h:00h.00h L0s not enabled. WARNING: Test 2, Device 85h:00h.00h L1 not enabled. PASSED: Test 2, PCIE aspm setting matched was matched. ==================================================================================================== Extract and analyse Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI). Test 1 of 2: Check Windows Management Instrumentation in DSDT Found WMI Method WMAA with GUID: 5FB7F034-2C63-45E9-BE91-3D44E2C707E4, Instance 0x01 Found WMI Event, Notifier ID: 0x80, GUID: 95F24279-4D7B-4334-9387-ACCDC67EF61C, Instance 0x01 PASSED: Test 1, GUID 95F24279-4D7B-4334-9387-ACCDC67EF61C is handled by driver hp-wmi (Vendor: HP). Found WMI Event, Notifier ID: 0xa0, GUID: 2B814318-4BE8-4707-9D84-A190A859B5D0, Instance 0x01 FAILED [MEDIUM] WMIUnknownGUID: Test 1, GUID 2B814318-4BE8-4707-9D84-A190A859B5D0 is unknown to the kernel, a driver may need to be implemented for this GUID. ADVICE: A WMI driver probably needs to be written for this event. It can checked for using: wmi_has_guid("2B814318-4BE8-4707-9D84-A190A859B5D0"). One can install a notify handler using wmi_install_notify_handler("2B814318-4BE8-4707-9D84-A190A859B5D0", handler, NULL). http://lwn.net/Articles/391230 describes how to write an appropriate driver. Found WMI Object, Object ID AB, GUID: 05901221-D566-11D1-B2F0-00A0C9062910, Instance 0x01, Flags: 00 Found WMI Method WMBA with GUID: 1F4C91EB-DC5C-460B-951D-C7CB9B4B8D5E, Instance 0x01 Found WMI Object, Object ID BC, GUID: 2D114B49-2DFB-4130-B8FE-4A3C09E75133, Instance 0x7f, Flags: 00 Found WMI Object, Object ID BD, GUID: 988D08E3-68F4-4C35-AF3E-6A1B8106F83C, Instance 0x19, Flags: 00 Found WMI Object, Object ID BE, GUID: 14EA9746-CE1F-4098-A0E0-7045CB4DA745, Instance 0x01, Flags: 00 Found WMI Object, Object ID BF, GUID: 322F2028-0F84-4901-988E-015176049E2D, Instance 0x01, Flags: 00 Found WMI Object, Object ID BG, GUID: 8232DE3D-663D-4327-A8F4-E293ADB9BF05, Instance 0x01, Flags: 00 Found WMI Object, Object ID BH, GUID: 8F1F6436-9F42-42C8-BADC-0E9424F20C9A, Instance 0x00, Flags: 00 Found WMI Object, Object ID BI, GUID: 8F1F6435-9F42-42C8-BADC-0E9424F20C9A, Instance 0x00, Flags: 00 Found WMI Method WMAC with GUID: 7391A661-223A-47DB-A77A-7BE84C60822D, Instance 0x01 Found WMI Object, Object ID BJ, GUID: DF4E63B6-3BBC-4858-9737-C74F82F821F3, Instance 0x05, Flags: 00 ==================================================================================================== Disassemble DSDT to check for _OSI("Linux"). ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test 1 of 1: Disassemble DSDT to check for _OSI("Linux"). This is not strictly a failure mode, it just alerts one that this has been defined in the DSDT and probably should be avoided since the Linux ACPI driver matches onto the Windows _OSI strings { If (_OSI ("Linux")) { Store (0x03E8, OSYS) } If (_OSI ("Windows 2001")) { Store (0x07D1, OSYS) } If (_OSI ("Windows 2001 SP1")) { Store (0x07D1, OSYS) } If (_OSI ("Windows 2001 SP2")) { Store (0x07D2, OSYS) } If (_OSI ("Windows 2006")) { Store (0x07D6, OSYS) } If (LAnd (MPEN, LEqual (OSYS, 0x07D1))) { TRAP (0x01, 0x48) } TRAP (0x03, 0x35) } WARNING: Test 1, DSDT implements a deprecated _OSI("Linux") test. ==================================================================================================== 0 passed, 0 failed, 1 warnings, 0 aborted, 0 skipped, 0 info only. ==================================================================================================== ACPI DSDT Method Semantic Tests. ACPICA Exception AE_AML_INFINITE_LOOP during execution of method COMP Failed to install global event handler. Test 22 of 93: Check _PSR (Power Source). ACPICA Exception AE_AML_INFINITE_LOOP during execution of method COMP WARNING: Test 22, Detected an infinite loop when evaluating method '\_SB_.AC__._PSR'. ADVICE: This may occur because we are emulating the execution in this test environment and cannot handshake with the embedded controller or jump to the BIOS via SMIs. However, the fact that AML code spins forever means that lockup conditions are not being checked for in the AML bytecode. PASSED: Test 22, \_SB_.AC__._PSR correctly acquired and released locks 16 times. Test 35 of 93: Check _TMP (Thermal Zone Current Temp). ACPICA Exception AE_AML_INFINITE_LOOP during execution of method COMP WARNING: Test 35, Detected an infinite loop when evaluating method '\_TZ_.DTSZ._TMP'. ADVICE: This may occur because we are emulating the execution in this test environment and cannot handshake with the embedded controller or jump to the BIOS via SMIs. However, the fact that AML code spins forever means that lockup conditions are not being checked for in the AML bytecode. PASSED: Test 35, \_TZ_.DTSZ._TMP correctly acquired and released locks 14 times. ACPICA Exception AE_AML_INFINITE_LOOP during execution of method COMP WARNING: Test 35, Detected an infinite loop when evaluating method '\_TZ_.CPUZ._TMP'. ADVICE: This may occur because we are emulating the execution in this test environment and cannot handshake with the embedded controller or jump to the BIOS via SMIs. However, the fact that AML code spins forever means that lockup conditions are not being checked for in the AML bytecode. PASSED: Test 35, \_TZ_.CPUZ._TMP correctly acquired and released locks 10 times. ACPICA Exception AE_AML_INFINITE_LOOP during execution of method COMP WARNING: Test 35, Detected an infinite loop when evaluating method '\_TZ_.SKNZ._TMP'. ADVICE: This may occur because we are emulating the execution in this test environment and cannot handshake with the embedded controller or jump to the BIOS via SMIs. However, the fact that AML code spins forever means that lockup conditions are not being checked for in the AML bytecode. PASSED: Test 35, \_TZ_.SKNZ._TMP correctly acquired and released locks 10 times. PASSED: Test 35, _TMP correctly returned sane looking value 0x00000b4c (289.2 degrees K) PASSED: Test 35, \_TZ_.BATZ._TMP correctly acquired and released locks 9 times. PASSED: Test 35, _TMP correctly returned sane looking value 0x00000aac (273.2 degrees K) PASSED: Test 35, \_TZ_.FDTZ._TMP correctly acquired and released locks 7 times. Test 46 of 93: Check _DIS (Disable). FAILED [MEDIUM] MethodShouldReturnNothing: Test 46, \_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.SIO_.COM1._DIS returned values, but was expected to return nothing. Object returned: INTEGER: 0x00000000 ADVICE: This probably won't cause any errors, but it should be fixed as the AML code is not conforming to the expected behaviour as described in the ACPI specification. FAILED [MEDIUM] MethodShouldReturnNothing: Test 46, \_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.SIO_.LPT0._DIS returned values, but was expected to return nothing. Object returned: INTEGER: 0x00000000 ADVICE: This probably won't cause any errors, but it should be fixed as the AML code is not conforming to the expected behaviour as described in the ACPI specification. Test 61 of 93: Check _WAK (System Wake). Test _WAK(1) System Wake, State S1. ACPICA Exception AE_AML_INFINITE_LOOP during execution of method COMP WARNING: Test 61, Detected an infinite loop when evaluating method '\_WAK'. ADVICE: This may occur because we are emulating the execution in this test environment and cannot handshake with the embedded controller or jump to the BIOS via SMIs. However, the fact that AML code spins forever means that lockup conditions are not being checked for in the AML bytecode. Test _WAK(2) System Wake, State S2. ACPICA Exception AE_AML_INFINITE_LOOP during execution of method COMP WARNING: Test 61, Detected an infinite loop when evaluating method '\_WAK'. ADVICE: This may occur because we are emulating the execution in this test environment and cannot handshake with the embedded controller or jump to the BIOS via SMIs. However, the fact that AML code spins forever means that lockup conditions are not being checked for in the AML bytecode. Test _WAK(3) System Wake, State S3. ACPICA Exception AE_AML_INFINITE_LOOP during execution of method COMP WARNING: Test 61, Detected an infinite loop when evaluating method '\_WAK'. ADVICE: This may occur because we are emulating the execution in this test environment and cannot handshake with the embedded controller or jump to the BIOS via SMIs. However, the fact that AML code spins forever means that lockup conditions are not being checked for in the AML bytecode. Test _WAK(4) System Wake, State S4. ACPICA Exception AE_AML_INFINITE_LOOP during execution of method COMP WARNING: Test 61, Detected an infinite loop when evaluating method '\_WAK'. ADVICE: This may occur because we are emulating the execution in this test environment and cannot handshake with the embedded controller or jump to the BIOS via SMIs. However, the fact that AML code spins forever means that lockup conditions are not being checked for in the AML bytecode. Test _WAK(5) System Wake, State S5. ACPICA Exception AE_AML_INFINITE_LOOP during execution of method COMP WARNING: Test 61, Detected an infinite loop when evaluating method '\_WAK'. ADVICE: This may occur because we are emulating the execution in this test environment and cannot handshake with the embedded controller or jump to the BIOS via SMIs. However, the fact that AML code spins forever means that lockup conditions are not being checked for in the AML bytecode. Test 87 of 93: Check _BCL (Query List of Brightness Control Levels Supported). Package has 2 elements: 00: INTEGER: 0x00000000 01: INTEGER: 0x00000000 FAILED [MEDIUM] Method_BCLElementCount: Test 87, Method _BCL should return a package of more than 2 integers, got just 2. Test 88 of 93: Check _BCM (Set Brightness Level). ACPICA Exception AE_AML_PACKAGE_LIMIT during execution of method _BCM FAILED [CRITICAL] AEAMLPackgeLimit: Test 88, Detected error 'Package limit' when evaluating '\_SB_.PCI0.GFX0.DD02._BCM'. ==================================================================================================== ACPI table settings sanity checks. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test 1 of 1: Check ACPI tables. PASSED: Test 1, Table APIC passed. Table ECDT not present to check. FAILED [MEDIUM] FADT32And64BothDefined: Test 1, FADT 32 bit FIRMWARE_CONTROL is non-zero, and X_FIRMWARE_CONTROL is also non-zero. Section 5.2.9 of the ACPI specification states that if the FIRMWARE_CONTROL is non-zero then X_FIRMWARE_CONTROL must be set to zero. ADVICE: The FADT FIRMWARE_CTRL is a 32 bit pointer that points to the physical memory address of the Firmware ACPI Control Structure (FACS). There is also an extended 64 bit version of this, the X_FIRMWARE_CTRL pointer that also can point to the FACS. Section 5.2.9 of the ACPI specification states that if the X_FIRMWARE_CTRL field contains a non zero value then the FIRMWARE_CTRL field *must* be zero. This error is also detected by the Linux kernel. If FIRMWARE_CTRL and X_FIRMWARE_CTRL are defined, then the kernel just uses the 64 bit version of the pointer. PASSED: Test 1, Table HPET passed. PASSED: Test 1, Table MCFG passed. PASSED: Test 1, Table RSDT passed. PASSED: Test 1, Table RSDP passed. Table SBST not present to check. PASSED: Test 1, Table XSDT passed. ==================================================================================================== Re-assemble DSDT and find syntax errors and warnings. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test 1 of 2: Disassemble and reassemble DSDT FAILED [HIGH] AMLAssemblerError4043: Test 1, Assembler error in line 2261 Line | AML source ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 02258| 0x00000000, // Range Minimum 02259| 0xFEDFFFFF, // Range Maximum 02260| 0x00000000, // Translation Offset 02261| 0x00000000, // Length | ^ | error 4043: Invalid combination of Length and Min/Max fixed flags 02262| ,, _Y0E, AddressRangeMemory, TypeStatic) 02263| DWordMemory (ResourceProducer, PosDecode, MinFixed, MaxFixed, Cacheable, ReadWrite, 02264| 0x00000000, // Granularity ==================================================================================================== ADVICE: (for error #4043): This occurs if the length is zero and just one of the resource MIF/MAF flags are set, or the length is non-zero and resource MIF/MAF flags are both set. These are illegal combinations and need to be fixed. See section 6.4.3.5 Address Space Resource Descriptors of version 4.0a of the ACPI specification for more details. FAILED [HIGH] AMLAssemblerError4050: Test 1, Assembler error in line 2268 Line | AML source ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 02265| 0xFEE01000, // Range Minimum 02266| 0xFFFFFFFF, // Range Maximum 02267| 0x00000000, // Translation Offset 02268| 0x011FEFFF, // Length | ^ | error 4050: Length is not equal to fixed Min/Max window 02269| ,, , AddressRangeMemory, TypeStatic) 02270| }) 02271| Method (_CRS, 0, Serialized) ==================================================================================================== ADVICE: (for error #4050): The minimum address is greater than the maximum address. This is illegal. FAILED [HIGH] AMLAssemblerError1104: Test 1, Assembler error in line 8885 Line | AML source ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 08882| Method (_DIS, 0, NotSerialized) 08883| { 08884| DSOD (0x02) 08885| Return (0x00) | ^ | warning level 0 1104: Reserved method should not return a value (_DIS) 08886| } 08887| 08888| Method (_SRS, 1, NotSerialized) ==================================================================================================== FAILED [HIGH] AMLAssemblerError1104: Test 1, Assembler error in line 9195 Line | AML source ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 09192| Method (_DIS, 0, NotSerialized) 09193| { 09194| DSOD (0x01) 09195| Return (0x00) | ^ | warning level 0 1104: Reserved method should not return a value (_DIS) 09196| } 09197| 09198| Method (_SRS, 1, NotSerialized) ==================================================================================================== FAILED [HIGH] AMLAssemblerError1127: Test 1, Assembler error in line 9242 Line | AML source ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 09239| CreateWordField (CRES, \_SB.PCI0.LPCB.SIO.LPT0._CRS._Y21._MAX, MAX2) 09240| CreateByteField (CRES, \_SB.PCI0.LPCB.SIO.LPT0._CRS._Y21._LEN, LEN2) 09241| CreateWordField (CRES, \_SB.PCI0.LPCB.SIO.LPT0._CRS._Y22._INT, IRQ0) 09242| CreateWordField (CRES, \_SB.PCI0.LPCB.SIO.LPT0._CRS._Y23._DMA, DMA0) | ^ | warning level 0 1127: ResourceTag smaller than Field (Tag: 8 bits, Field: 16 bits) 09243| If (RLPD) 09244| { 09245| Store (0x00, Local0) ==================================================================================================== FAILED [HIGH] AMLAssemblerError1128: Test 1, Assembler error in line 18682 Line | AML source ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18679| Store (0x01, Index (DerefOf (Index (Local0, 0x02)), 0x01)) 18680| If (And (WDPE, 0x40)) 18681| { 18682| Wait (\_SB.BEVT, 0x10) | ^ | warning level 0 1128: Result is not used, possible operator timeout will be missed 18683| } 18684| 18685| Store (BRID, Index (DerefOf (Index (Local0, 0x02)), 0x02)) ==================================================================================================== ADVICE: (for warning level 0 #1128): The operation can possibly timeout, and hence the return value indicates an timeout error. However, because the return value is not checked this very probably indicates that the code is buggy. A possible scenario is that a mutex times out and the code attempts to access data in a critical region when it should not. This will lead to undefined behaviour. This should be fixed. Table DSDT (0) reassembly: Found 2 errors, 4 warnings. Test 2 of 2: Disassemble and reassemble SSDT PASSED: Test 2, SSDT (0) reassembly, Found 0 errors, 0 warnings. FAILED [HIGH] AMLAssemblerError1104: Test 2, Assembler error in line 60 Line | AML source ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00057| { 00058| Store (CPDC (Arg0), Local0) 00059| GCAP (Local0) 00060| Return (Local0) | ^ | warning level 0 1104: Reserved method should not return a value (_PDC) 00061| } 00062| 00063| Method (_OSC, 4, NotSerialized) ==================================================================================================== FAILED [HIGH] AMLAssemblerError1104: Test 2, Assembler error in line 174 Line | AML source ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00171| { 00172| Store (\_PR.CPU0.CPDC (Arg0), Local0) 00173| GCAP (Local0) 00174| Return (Local0) | ^ | warning level 0 1104: Reserved method should not return a value (_PDC) 00175| } 00176| 00177| Method (_OSC, 4, NotSerialized) ==================================================================================================== FAILED [HIGH] AMLAssemblerError1104: Test 2, Assembler error in line 244 Line | AML source ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00241| { 00242| Store (\_PR.CPU0.CPDC (Arg0), Local0) 00243| GCAP (Local0) 00244| Return (Local0) | ^ | warning level 0 1104: Reserved method should not return a value (_PDC) 00245| } 00246| 00247| Method (_OSC, 4, NotSerialized) ==================================================================================================== FAILED [HIGH] AMLAssemblerError1104: Test 2, Assembler error in line 290 Line | AML source ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00287| { 00288| Store (\_PR.CPU0.CPDC (Arg0), Local0) 00289| GCAP (Local0) 00290| Return (Local0) | ^ | warning level 0 1104: Reserved method should not return a value (_PDC) 00291| } 00292| 00293| Method (_OSC, 4, NotSerialized) ==================================================================================================== Table SSDT (1) reassembly: Found 0 errors, 4 warnings. PASSED: Test 2, SSDT (2) reassembly, Found 0 errors, 0 warnings. PASSED: Test 2, SSDT (3) reassembly, Found 0 errors, 0 warnings. ==================================================================================================== 3 passed, 10 failed, 0 warnings, 0 aborted, 0 skipped, 0 info only. ==================================================================================================== Critical failures: 1 method test, at 1 log line: 1449: Detected error 'Package limit' when evaluating '\_SB_.PCI0.GFX0.DD02._BCM'. High failures: 11 klog test, at 1 log line: 121: HIGH Kernel message: [ 3.512783] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed [\_SB_.PCI0.GFX0._DOD] (Node f7425858), AE_AML_PACKAGE_LIMIT (20110623/psparse-536) syntaxcheck test, at 1 log line: 1668: Assembler error in line 2261 syntaxcheck test, at 1 log line: 1687: Assembler error in line 2268 syntaxcheck test, at 1 log line: 1703: Assembler error in line 8885 syntaxcheck test, at 1 log line: 1716: Assembler error in line 9195 syntaxcheck test, at 1 log line: 1729: Assembler error in line 9242 syntaxcheck test, at 1 log line: 1742: Assembler error in line 18682 syntaxcheck test, at 1 log line: 1766: Assembler error in line 60 syntaxcheck test, at 1 log line: 1779: Assembler error in line 174 syntaxcheck test, at 1 log line: 1792: Assembler error in line 244 syntaxcheck test, at 1 log line: 1805: Assembler error in line 290 Medium failures: 9 mtrr test, at 1 log line: 76: Memory range 0xc0000000 to 0xdfffffff (PCI Bus 0000:00) has incorrect attribute Write-Combining. mtrr test, at 1 log line: 78: Memory range 0xfee01000 to 0xffffffff (PCI Bus 0000:00) has incorrect attribute Write-Protect. msr test, at 1 log line: 165: MSR SYSENTER_ESP (0x175) has 1 inconsistent values across 2 CPUs for (shift: 0 mask: 0xffffffffffffffff). msr test, at 1 log line: 173: MSR MISC_ENABLE (0x1a0) has 1 inconsistent values across 2 CPUs for (shift: 0 mask: 0x400c51889). wmi test, at 1 log line: 528: GUID 2B814318-4BE8-4707-9D84-A190A859B5D0 is unknown to the kernel, a driver may need to be implemented for this GUID. method test, at 1 log line: 1002: \_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.SIO_.COM1._DIS returned values, but was expected to return nothing. method test, at 1 log line: 1011: \_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.SIO_.LPT0._DIS returned values, but was expected to return nothing. method test, at 1 log line: 1443: Method _BCL should return a package of more than 2 integers, got just 2. acpitables test, at 1 log line: 1643: FADT 32 bit FIRMWARE_CONTROL is non-zero, and X_FIRMWARE_CONTROL is also non-zero. Se

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Custom language - FOR loop in a clojure interpeter?

- by Mark

I have a basic interpreter in clojure. Now i need to implement for (initialisation; finish-test; loop-update) { statements } Implement a similar for-loop for the interpreted language. The pattern will be: (for variable-declarations end-test loop-update do statement) The variable-declarations will set up initial values for variables.The end-test returns a boolean, and the loop will end if end-test returns false. The statement is interpreted followed by the loop-update for each pass of the loop. Examples of use are: (run ’(for ((i 0)) (< i 10) (set i (+ 1 i)) do (println i))) (run ’(for ((i 0) (j 0)) (< i 10) (seq (set i (+ 1 i)) (set j (+ j (* 2 i)))) do (println j))) inside my interpreter. I will attach my interpreter code I got so far. Any help is appreciated. Interpreter (declare interpret make-env) ;; needed as language terms call out to 'interpret' (def do-trace false) ;; change to 'true' to show calls to 'interpret' ;; simple utilities (def third ; return third item in a list (fn [a-list] (second (rest a-list)))) (def fourth ; return fourth item in a list (fn [a-list] (third (rest a-list)))) (def run ; make it easy to test the interpreter (fn [e] (println "Processing: " e) (println "=> " (interpret e (make-env))))) ;; for the environment (def make-env (fn [] '())) (def add-var (fn [env var val] (cons (list var val) env))) (def lookup-var (fn [env var] (cond (empty? env) 'error (= (first (first env)) var) (second (first env)) :else (lookup-var (rest env) var)))) ;; for terms in language ;; -- define numbers (def is-number? (fn [expn] (number? expn))) (def interpret-number (fn [expn env] expn)) ;; -- define symbols (def is-symbol? (fn [expn] (symbol? expn))) (def interpret-symbol (fn [expn env] (lookup-var env expn))) ;; -- define boolean (def is-boolean? (fn [expn] (or (= expn 'true) (= expn 'false)))) (def interpret-boolean (fn [expn env] expn)) ;; -- define functions (def is-function? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= 'lambda (first expn))))) (def interpret-function ; keep function definitions as they are written (fn [expn env] expn)) ;; -- define addition (def is-plus? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= '+ (first expn))))) (def interpret-plus (fn [expn env] (+ (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define subtraction (def is-minus? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= '- (first expn))))) (def interpret-minus (fn [expn env] (- (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define multiplication (def is-times? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= '* (first expn))))) (def interpret-times (fn [expn env] (* (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define division (def is-divides? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= '/ (first expn))))) (def interpret-divides (fn [expn env] (/ (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define equals test (def is-equals? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= '= (first expn))))) (def interpret-equals (fn [expn env] (= (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define greater-than test (def is-greater-than? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= '> (first expn))))) (def interpret-greater-than (fn [expn env] (> (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define not (def is-not? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 2 (count expn)) (= 'not (first expn))))) (def interpret-not (fn [expn env] (not (interpret (second expn) env)))) ;; -- define or (def is-or? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= 'or (first expn))))) (def interpret-or (fn [expn env] (or (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define and (def is-and? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= 'and (first expn))))) (def interpret-and (fn [expn env] (and (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env)))) ;; -- define print (def is-print? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 2 (count expn)) (= 'println (first expn))))) (def interpret-print (fn [expn env] (println (interpret (second expn) env)))) ;; -- define with (def is-with? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 3 (count expn)) (= 'with (first expn))))) (def interpret-with (fn [expn env] (interpret (third expn) (add-var env (first (second expn)) (interpret (second (second expn)) env))))) ;; -- define if (def is-if? (fn [expn] (and (list? expn) (= 4 (count expn)) (= 'if (first expn))))) (def interpret-if (fn [expn env] (cond (interpret (second expn) env) (interpret (third expn) env) :else (interpret (fourth expn) env)))) ;; -- define function-application (def is-function-application? (fn [expn env] (and (list? expn) (= 2 (count expn)) (is-function? (interpret (first expn) env))))) (def interpret-function-application (fn [expn env] (let [function (interpret (first expn) env)] (interpret (third function) (add-var env (first (second function)) (interpret (second expn) env)))))) ;; the interpreter itself (def interpret (fn [expn env] (cond do-trace (println "Interpret is processing: " expn)) (cond ; basic values (is-number? expn) (interpret-number expn env) (is-symbol? expn) (interpret-symbol expn env) (is-boolean? expn) (interpret-boolean expn env) (is-function? expn) (interpret-function expn env) ; built-in functions (is-plus? expn) (interpret-plus expn env) (is-minus? expn) (interpret-minus expn env) (is-times? expn) (interpret-times expn env) (is-divides? expn) (interpret-divides expn env) (is-equals? expn) (interpret-equals expn env) (is-greater-than? expn) (interpret-greater-than expn env) (is-not? expn) (interpret-not expn env) (is-or? expn) (interpret-or expn env) (is-and? expn) (interpret-and expn env) (is-print? expn) (interpret-print expn env) ; special syntax (is-with? expn) (interpret-with expn env) (is-if? expn) (interpret-if expn env) ; functions (is-function-application? expn env) (interpret-function-application expn env) :else 'error))) ;; tests of using environment (println "Environment tests:") (println (add-var (make-env) 'x 1)) (println (add-var (add-var (add-var (make-env) 'x 1) 'y 2) 'x 3)) (println (lookup-var '() 'x)) (println (lookup-var '((x 1)) 'x)) (println (lookup-var '((x 1) (y 2)) 'x)) (println (lookup-var '((x 1) (y 2)) 'y)) (println (lookup-var '((x 3) (y 2) (x 1)) 'x)) ;; examples of using interpreter (println "Interpreter examples:") (run '1) (run '2) (run '(+ 1 2)) (run '(/ (* (+ 4 5) (- 2 4)) 2)) (run '(with (x 1) x)) (run '(with (x 1) (with (y 2) (+ x y)))) (run '(with (x (+ 2 4)) x)) (run 'false) (run '(not false)) (run '(with (x true) (with (y false) (or x y)))) (run '(or (= 3 4) (> 4 3))) (run '(with (x 1) (if (= x 1) 2 3))) (run '(with (x 2) (if (= x 1) 2 3))) (run '((lambda (n) (* 2 n)) 4)) (run '(with (double (lambda (n) (* 2 n))) (double 4))) (run '(with (sum-to (lambda (n) (if (= n 0) 0 (+ n (sum-to (- n 1)))))) (sum-to 100))) (run '(with (x 1) (with (f (lambda (n) (+ n x))) (with (x 2) (println (f 3))))))

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undefined reference to function, despite giving reference in c

- by Jamie Edwards

I'm following a tutorial, but when it comes to compiling and linking the code I get the following error: /tmp/cc8gRrVZ.o: In function `main': main.c:(.text+0xa): undefined reference to `monitor_clear' main.c:(.text+0x16): undefined reference to `monitor_write' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [obj/main.o] Error 1 What that is telling me is that I haven't defined both 'monitor_clear' and 'monitor_write'. But I have, in both the header and source files. They are as follows: monitor.c: // monitor.c -- Defines functions for writing to the monitor. // heavily based on Bran's kernel development tutorials, // but rewritten for JamesM's kernel tutorials. #include "monitor.h" // The VGA framebuffer starts at 0xB8000. u16int *video_memory = (u16int *)0xB8000; // Stores the cursor position. u8int cursor_x = 0; u8int cursor_y = 0; // Updates the hardware cursor. static void move_cursor() { // The screen is 80 characters wide... u16int cursorLocation = cursor_y * 80 + cursor_x; outb(0x3D4, 14); // Tell the VGA board we are setting the high cursor byte. outb(0x3D5, cursorLocation >> 8); // Send the high cursor byte. outb(0x3D4, 15); // Tell the VGA board we are setting the low cursor byte. outb(0x3D5, cursorLocation); // Send the low cursor byte. } // Scrolls the text on the screen up by one line. static void scroll() { // Get a space character with the default colour attributes. u8int attributeByte = (0 /*black*/ << 4) | (15 /*white*/ & 0x0F); u16int blank = 0x20 /* space */ | (attributeByte << 8); // Row 25 is the end, this means we need to scroll up if(cursor_y >= 25) { // Move the current text chunk that makes up the screen // back in the buffer by a line int i; for (i = 0*80; i < 24*80; i++) { video_memory[i] = video_memory[i+80]; } // The last line should now be blank. Do this by writing // 80 spaces to it. for (i = 24*80; i < 25*80; i++) { video_memory[i] = blank; } // The cursor should now be on the last line. cursor_y = 24; } } // Writes a single character out to the screen. void monitor_put(char c) { // The background colour is black (0), the foreground is white (15). u8int backColour = 0; u8int foreColour = 15; // The attribute byte is made up of two nibbles - the lower being the // foreground colour, and the upper the background colour. u8int attributeByte = (backColour << 4) | (foreColour & 0x0F); // The attribute byte is the top 8 bits of the word we have to send to the // VGA board. u16int attribute = attributeByte << 8; u16int *location; // Handle a backspace, by moving the cursor back one space if (c == 0x08 && cursor_x) { cursor_x--; } // Handle a tab by increasing the cursor's X, but only to a point // where it is divisible by 8. else if (c == 0x09) { cursor_x = (cursor_x+8) & ~(8-1); } // Handle carriage return else if (c == '\r') { cursor_x = 0; } // Handle newline by moving cursor back to left and increasing the row else if (c == '\n') { cursor_x = 0; cursor_y++; } // Handle any other printable character. else if(c >= ' ') { location = video_memory + (cursor_y*80 + cursor_x); *location = c | attribute; cursor_x++; } // Check if we need to insert a new line because we have reached the end // of the screen. if (cursor_x >= 80) { cursor_x = 0; cursor_y ++; } // Scroll the screen if needed. scroll(); // Move the hardware cursor. move_cursor(); } // Clears the screen, by copying lots of spaces to the framebuffer. void monitor_clear() { // Make an attribute byte for the default colours u8int attributeByte = (0 /*black*/ << 4) | (15 /*white*/ & 0x0F); u16int blank = 0x20 /* space */ | (attributeByte << 8); int i; for (i = 0; i < 80*25; i++) { video_memory[i] = blank; } // Move the hardware cursor back to the start. cursor_x = 0; cursor_y = 0; move_cursor(); } // Outputs a null-terminated ASCII string to the monitor. void monitor_write(char *c) { int i = 0; while (c[i]) { monitor_put(c[i++]); } } void monitor_write_hex(u32int n) { s32int tmp; monitor_write("0x"); char noZeroes = 1; int i; for (i = 28; i > 0; i -= 4) { tmp = (n >> i) & 0xF; if (tmp == 0 && noZeroes != 0) { continue; } if (tmp >= 0xA) { noZeroes = 0; monitor_put (tmp-0xA+'a' ); } else { noZeroes = 0; monitor_put( tmp+'0' ); } } tmp = n & 0xF; if (tmp >= 0xA) { monitor_put (tmp-0xA+'a'); } else { monitor_put (tmp+'0'); } } void monitor_write_dec(u32int n) { if (n == 0) { monitor_put('0'); return; } s32int acc = n; char c[32]; int i = 0; while (acc > 0) { c[i] = '0' + acc%10; acc /= 10; i++; } c[i] = 0; char c2[32]; c2[i--] = 0; int j = 0; while(i >= 0) { c2[i--] = c[j++]; } monitor_write(c2); } monitor.h: // monitor.h -- Defines the interface for monitor.h // From JamesM's kernel development tutorials. #ifndef MONITOR_H #define MONITOR_H #include "common.h" // Write a single character out to the screen. void monitor_put(char c); // Clear the screen to all black. void monitor_clear(); // Output a null-terminated ASCII string to the monitor. void monitor_write(char *c); #endif // MONITOR_H common.c: // common.c -- Defines some global functions. // From JamesM's kernel development tutorials. #include "common.h" // Write a byte out to the specified port. void outb ( u16int port, u8int value ) { asm volatile ( "outb %1, %0" : : "dN" ( port ), "a" ( value ) ); } u8int inb ( u16int port ) { u8int ret; asm volatile ( "inb %1, %0" : "=a" ( ret ) : "dN" ( port ) ); return ret; } u16int inw ( u16int port ) { u16int ret; asm volatile ( "inw %1, %0" : "=a" ( ret ) : "dN" ( port ) ); return ret; } // Copy len bytes from src to dest. void memcpy(u8int *dest, const u8int *src, u32int len) { const u8int *sp = ( const u8int * ) src; u8int *dp = ( u8int * ) dest; for ( ; len != 0; len-- ) *dp++ =*sp++; } // Write len copies of val into dest. void memset(u8int *dest, u8int val, u32int len) { u8int *temp = ( u8int * ) dest; for ( ; len != 0; len-- ) *temp++ = val; } // Compare two strings. Should return -1 if // str1 < str2, 0 if they are equal or 1 otherwise. int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2) { int i = 0; int failed = 0; while ( str1[i] != '\0' && str2[i] != '\0' ) { if ( str1[i] != str2[i] ) { failed = 1; break; } i++; } // Why did the loop exit? if ( ( str1[i] == '\0' && str2[i] != '\0' || (str1[i] != '\0' && str2[i] =='\0' ) ) failed =1; return failed; } // Copy the NULL-terminated string src into dest, and // return dest. char *strcpy(char *dest, const char *src) { do { *dest++ = *src++; } while ( *src != 0 ); } // Concatenate the NULL-terminated string src onto // the end of dest, and return dest. char *strcat(char *dest, const char *src) { while ( *dest != 0 ) { *dest = *dest++; } do { *dest++ = *src++; } while ( *src != 0 ); return dest; } common.h: // common.h -- Defines typedefs and some global functions. // From JamesM's kernel development tutorials. #ifndef COMMON_H #define COMMON_H // Some nice typedefs, to standardise sizes across platforms. // These typedefs are written for 32-bit x86. typedef unsigned int u32int; typedef int s32int; typedef unsigned short u16int; typedef short s16int; typedef unsigned char u8int; typedef char s8int; void outb ( u16int port, u8int value ); u8int inb ( u16int port ); u16int inw ( u16int port ); #endif //COMMON_H main.c: // main.c -- Defines the C-code kernel entry point, calls initialisation routines. // Made for JamesM's tutorials <www.jamesmolloy.co.uk> #include "monitor.h" int main(struct multiboot *mboot_ptr) { monitor_clear(); monitor_write ( "hello, world!" ); return 0; } here is my makefile: C_SOURCES= main.c monitor.c common.c S_SOURCES= boot.s C_OBJECTS=$(patsubst %.c, obj/%.o, $(C_SOURCES)) S_OBJECTS=$(patsubst %.s, obj/%.o, $(S_SOURCES)) CFLAGS=-nostdlib -nostdinc -fno-builtin -fno-stack-protector -m32 -Iheaders LDFLAGS=-Tlink.ld -melf_i386 --oformat=elf32-i386 ASFLAGS=-felf all: kern/kernel .PHONY: clean clean: -rm -f kern/kernel kern/kernel: $(S_OBJECTS) $(C_OBJECTS) ld $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(C_OBJECTS): obj/%.o : %.c gcc $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@ vpath %.c source $(S_OBJECTS): obj/%.o : %.s nasm $(ASFLAGS) $< -o $@ vpath %.s asem Hopefully this will help you understand what is going wrong and how to fix it :L Thanks in advance. Jamie.

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