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  • C# language questions

    - by Water Cooler v2
    1) What is int? Is it any different from the struct System.Int32? I understand that the former is a C# alias (typedef or #define equivalant) for the CLR type System.Int32. Is this understanding correct? 2) When we say: IComparable x = 10; Is that like saying: IComparable x = new System.Int32(); But we can't new a struct, right? or in C like syntax: struct System.In32 *x; x=>someThing = 10; 3) What is String with a capitalized S? I see in Reflector that it is the sealed String class, which, of course, is a reference type, unlike the System.Int32 above, which is a value type. What is string, with an uncapitalized s, though? Is that also the C# alias for this class? Why can I not see the alias definitions in Reflector? 4) Try to follow me down this subtle train of thought, if you please. We know that a storage location of a particular type can only access properties and members on its interface. That means: Person p = new Customer(); p.Name = "Water Cooler v2"; // legal because as Name is defined on Person. but // illegal without an explicit cast even though the backing // store is a Customer, the storage location is of type // Person, which doesn't support the member/method being // accessed/called. p.GetTotalValueOfOrdersMade(); Now, with that inference, consider this scenario: int i = 10; // obvious System.object defines no member to // store an integer value or any other value in. // So, my question really is, when the integer is // boxed, what is the *type* it is actually boxed to. // In other words, what is the type that forms the // backing store on the heap, for this operation? object x = i;

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  • Requiring multithreading/concurrency for implementation of scripting language

    - by Ricky Stewart
    Here's the deal: I'm looking at designing my own scripting/interpreted language for fun. I'm only in the planning stages right now; I want to make sure I have a very strong hold on exactly how I will implement everything before I start coding. What I'm currently struggling with is concurrency. It seems to me like an easy way to avoid the unpredictable performance that comes with garbage collection would be to put the garbage collector in its own thread, and have it run concurrently with the interpreter itself. (To be clear, I don't plan to allow the scripts to be multithreaded themselves; I would simply put a garbage collector to work in a different thread than the interpreter.) This doesn't seem to be a common strategy for many popular scripting languages, probably for portability reasons; I would probably write the interpreter in the UNIX/POSIX threading framework initially and then port it to other platforms (Windows, etc.) if need be. Does anyone have any thoughts in this issue? Would whatever gains I receive by exploiting concurrency be nullified by the portability issues that will inevitably arise? (On that note, am I really correct in my assumption that I would experience great performance gains with a concurrent garbage collector?) Should I move forward with this strategy or step away from it?

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  • Language Niches and Niche Libraries

    - by Roman A. Taycher
    "Everyone Knows" ... ... that c is widely used for low level programs in large part because operating system/device apis are usually in c. ... that Java is widely used for enterprise applications in large part because of enterprise libraries and ide support. ... that ruby is widely used for webapps thanks in large part because of rails and its library ecosytem But lets go into to details what are the specific niches and subniches. Especially with respect to libraries. Where might you embed lua for application scripting versus python. Where would you use Java vs C#. Which languages do different scientists use? Also which languages have libraries for these subniches? Things like bioperl/scipy/Incanter. Please no flamewars about how nice each language or environment is. This is where they used. Also no complaints about marketing/PHBs. (Manually migrated) I asked this question again after it was closed on stackoverflow.com

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  • A programming language that does not allow IO. Haskell is not a pure language

    - by TheIronKnuckle
    (I asked this on Stack Overflow and it got closed as off-topic, I was a bit confused until I read the FAQ, which discouraged subjective theoratical debate style questions. The FAQ here doesn't seem to have a problem with it and it sounds like this is a more appropriate place to post. If this gets closed again, forgive me, I'm not trying to troll) Are there any 100% pure languages (as I describe in the Stack Overflow post) out there already and if so, could they feasibly be used to actually do stuff? i.e. do they have an implementation? I'm not looking for raw maths on paper/Pure lambda calculus. However Pure lambda calculus with a compiler or a runtime system attached is something I'd be interested in hearing about.

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  • Configuring keyboard input to eliminate unused diacritics

    - by David Cesarino
    I'd like to change the way diacritics work under Xubuntu. My problem My native language is pt-BR and my notebook has an american keyboard. Thus, I use ' and " followed by keys like u and c to achieve things like ú, ç and ü. It all works well. However, in the case of apostrophes and quotes, that creates a problem when I use ' followed by: letters that won't accept the acute accent ( ´ , ACUTE ACCENT -- 0x00B4) at all, like t; and letters that won't accept the acute in pt-BR, like r. In 1, ' with t does absolutely nothing. In 2, ' with r creates r (LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ACUTE -- 0x0155), which is used, afaik, for some eastern european languages like slovak. It isn't used in portuguese, just like ?, s, z, ?, ?, ?, n and all consonants (portuguese do not take diacritics in consonants). Question That said, is there a way to better support the portuguese-brazilian language using an american keyboard? It is very common here --- I actually prefer the american keyboard to our own, known as “ABNT”. Desired solution I'd like to deactivate unused diacritics, so case 2 would behave just like case 1. Additionally, if possible, I'd like case 1 to behave like it does under Windows. As an example, typing ' followed by t should write 't (acute followed by T) instead of doing nothing. About 2, in my humble opinion, doing nothing is counterproductive. I realize the behavior is reasonable according to logic ("there isn't t-acute, so please tell the computer to typeset apostrophe --- ', SPACE --- instead of acute). But from a human, practical point of view, I think it makes more sense (to me, at least). Additional comments I believe this also applies to spanish, french, italian and other western european latin languages. On the console (Ctrl+Alt+F?), case 1 is not a problem. I don't need to press space as apostrophes are automatically added. However, there, I'm unable to access cedilla (ç). Two completely different behaviors. If it's just a matter of customizing text config files (possibly creating a custom layout or whatever), I'd be glad to share my efforts. I just need guide on the "howto" part. Somehow Google only points me to the "enough" people (those who cope with the situation and think that it works "well enough"). And since I have definitely migrated to Linux/Xubuntu after years, I'd like to leave just as I like it (and I'm sure others as well). For example, if there is some kind of scripting or definition to tell the computer to do what I described, so be it.

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  • Variable declaration versus assignment syntax

    - by rwallace
    Working on a statically typed language with type inference and streamlined syntax, and need to make final decision about syntax for variable declaration versus assignment. Specifically I'm trying to choose between: // Option 1. Create new local variable with :=, assign with = foo := 1 foo = 2 // Option 2. Create new local variable with =, assign with := foo = 1 foo := 2 Creating functions will use = regardless: // Indentation delimits blocks square x = x * x And assignment to compound objects will do likewise: sky.color = blue a[i] = 0 Which of options 1 or 2 would people find most convenient/least surprising/otherwise best?

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  • Are programming languages pretty much "stable" for now?

    - by Sauron
    Recently i have looked at the "timeline" of Programming Languages and while a lot has changed in the past 5-10 years, there are a lot of languages that have pretty much "stayed" the same in their niche/use. For example, let's take C language. We don't really ever see much languages being developed (correct me if i'm wrong) to try to Unseat C. However, there are a lot of languages that try to do similar things (look at all the SQL/No-SQL languages) Scripting Languages, etc... Is there a reason for this trend? Or is it just because C was designed very well ? and there isn't really any need for new once?

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  • What is the annoying/lacking feature in C#, in your opinion?

    - by Vimvq1987
    To be honest, I'm working with C# everyday, and I can say that I love its elegant syntax. But no language is perfect, so does C#. In my opinion, these two features are missing: Full-featured enum. I was pretty happy with enum in C#, until I know about enum in Java. Of course, we can "simulate" a full-featured enum in C# by class, but it's much better if Microsoft simplify this. Immutable keyword. We are told to let a class/struct immutable whenever possible. But to do that, we have to add readonly keyword to every field, and then if we add setter by a mistake, our class will be mutable, and nobody knows. By immutable keyword, every field will be automatically readonly, and any setter will be prohibited (error when compile). It's like static keyword added to class in C# 2.0 well. what's is your annoying/lacking feature in C#?

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  • Design a mini script language

    - by radi
    hi , my project this year is to develop a text mining tool (with new features) so we need a mini script language in this tool to add annotation to texts this language should be simple and like lisp grammars (left and right side) . what i need is how to design this language ,i know how to constract the compiler , but how to write language grammars ? , and i want to use some mini open source language or any language bnf please advice me and if there is a language i can use and customize to meet my needs ? thanks

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  • What do I need to know to design a language and write a interpreter for it?

    - by alFReD NSH
    I know this question has been asked and even there are thousands of books and articles about it. But the problem is that there are too many, and I don't know are they good enough, I have to design a language and write a interpreter for it. The base language is javascript (using nodejs) but it's ok if the compiler was written in another language that I can use from node. I had done a research about compiler compilers in JS, there is jison (Bison implementaion in JS), waxeye, peg.js. I decided to give jison a try, due to the popularity and its being used by coffee script, so it should be able to cover my language too. The grammar definition syntax is similar to bison. But when I tried read the bison manual it seemed very hard to understand for me. And I think it's because I don't know a lot of things about what I'm doing. Like I don't what is formal language theory. I am experienced in Javascript (I'm more talented in JS than most average programmers). And also know basic C and C++ (not much experience but can write a working code for basic things). I haven't had any formal education, so I may not be familiar with some software engineering and computer science principles. Though everyday I try to grasp a lot of articles and improve. So I'm asking if you know any good book or article that can help me. Please also write why the resource you're suggesting is good. --update-- The language I'm trying to create, is not really complicated. All it has is expressions (with or without units), comparisons and logical operators. There are no functions, loops, ... The goal is to create a language that non-programmers can easily learn. And to write customized validations and calculations.

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  • What do you wish language designers paid attention to?

    - by Berin Loritsch
    The purpose of this question is not to assemble a laundry list of programming language features that you can't live without, or wish was in your main language of choice. The purpose of this question is to bring to light corners of languge design most language designers might not think about. So, instead of thinking about language feature X, think a little more philisophically. One of my biases, and perhaps it might be controversial, is that the softer side of engineering--the whys and what fors--are many times more important than the more concrete side. For example, Ruby was designed with a stated goal of improving developer happiness. While your opinions may be mixed on whether it delivered or not, the fact that was a goal means that some of the choices in language design were influenced by that philosophy. Please do not post: Syntax flame wars (I could care less whether you use whitespace [Python], keywords [Ruby], or curly braces [Java, C/C++, et. al.] to denote program blocks). That's just an implementation detail. "Any language that doesn't have feature X doesn't deserve to exist" type comments. There is at least one reason for all programming languages to exist--good or bad. Please do post: Philisophical ideas that language designers seem to miss. Technical concepts that seem to be poorly implemented more often than not. Please do provide an example of the pain it causes and if you have any ideas of how you would prefer it to function. Things you wish were in the platform's common library but seldom are. One the same token, things that usually are in a common library that you wish were not. Conceptual features such as built in test/assertion/contract/error handling support that you wish all programming languages would implement properly--and define properly. My hope is that this will be a fun and stimulating topic.

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  • windows xp mode for windows 7 - save text input language settings

    - by Gero
    When I change the 'default language' in 'text services and input languages' in windows xp mode from EN-US to DE-DE the settings are reverted with the next logoff / reboot - EN-US is the default language again. Is there a way around this behaviour? I'm using the default 'XPMUser' in windows xp mode. I also checked 'turn off advanced text services' and disabled the language bar and windows xp remembers these settings - just not the default language..

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  • windows xp mode for windows 7 - save text input language settings

    - by Gero
    When I change the 'default language' in 'text services and input languages' in windows xp mode from EN-US to DE-DE the settings are reverted with the next logoff / reboot - EN-US is the default language again. Is there a way around this behaviour? I'm using the default 'XPMUser' in windows xp mode. I also checked 'turn off advanced text services' and disabled the language bar and windows xp remembers these settings - just not the default language..

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  • showing hiding toolbars with shortcuts in firefox

    - by Edwinistrator
    I'm a webdeveloper and using firefox with the bookmarks toolbar, the webdeveloper toolbar and the google toolbar. Are there shortcuts in firefox 3.5 to hide and show these toolbars. If not, may be an add on wich works in 3.5 to create a small script to hide these toolbars, bind with a shortcut? I found keyconfig addon but won't work in 3.5. I also found this script what sounds great. Anyone knows how to get it working? http://superuser.com/questions/77206/shortcut-key-for-bookmar-toolbar-in-firefox var toolbar = document.getElementById("PersonalToolbar"); toolbar.collapsed = !toolbar.collapsed; document.persist(toolbar.id, "collapsed");

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  • Toolbar to modify displayed html/content in IE / Firefox / Chrome.

    - by JP
    Hi, I want to create toolbar, whose functionality would be: Whenever the toolbar is "On/Activated", all pages should be parsed by a function, and the modified html should be displayed. [Example: i) There was this skype toolbar that would recognize phone-numbers in pages and automatically add skype links ii) If you have used MacAfee / Alexa toolbars, they modify the search results page displayed by Google My functionality would a lot simpler though] I want to create this for all browsers (though answers/pointers to any one platform would be appreciated). Please note that I am new to toolbar development, so detailed pointers from basics would be very helpful. I have heard to GreaseMonkey. However, if I can do it in a more "basic" way, it would be very helpful. (Alternately, tips to make a "custom" toolbar using GreaseMonkey would be welcome - though I would like to do away with ability to add scripts, etc. Also I installed greasemonkey and it does show up as a toolbar in FF/IE at all! In IE, there is separate executable to add scripts - I want a standalone toolbar with ON/OFF facility in the browser). Thanks much! Regards, JP

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  • Thoughts on my new template language?

    - by Ralph
    Let's start with an example: using "html5" using "extratags" html { head { title "Ordering Notice" jsinclude "jquery.js" } body { h1 "Ordering Notice" p "Dear @name," p "Thanks for placing your order with @company. It's scheduled to ship on {@ship_date|dateformat}." p "Here are the items you've ordered:" table { tr { th "name" th "price" } for(@item in @item_list) { tr { td @item.name td @item.price } } } if(@ordered_warranty) p "Your warranty information will be included in the packaging." p(class="footer") { "Sincerely," br @company } } } The "using" keyword indicates which tags to use. "html5" might include all the html5 standard tags, but your tags names wouldn't have to be based on their HTML counter-parts at all if you didn't want to. The "extratags" library for example might add an extra tag, called "jsinclude" which gets replaced with something like <script type="text/javascript" src="@content"></script> Tags can be optionally be followed by an opening brace. They will automatically be closed as the closing brace. If no brace is used, they will be closed after taking on element. Variables are prefixed with the @ symbol. They may be used inside double-quoted strings. I think I'll use single-quotes to indicate "no variable substitution" like PHP does. Filter functions can be applied to variables like @variable|filter. Arguments can be passed to the filter @variable|filter:@arg1,arg2="y" Attributes can be passed to tags by including them in (), like p(class="classname"). Some questions: Which symbol should I use to prefix variables? @ (like Razor), $ (like PHP), or something else? Should the @ symbol be necessary in "for" and "if" statements? It's kind of implied that those are variables. Tags and controls (like if,for) presently have the exact same syntax. Should I do something to differentiate the two? If so, what? Do you like the attribute syntax? (round brackets) I'll add more questions in a few minutes, once I get some feedback.

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  • Setting the view of the toolbar to Large icons creates a gap in the Windows 7's taskbar

    - by Boris
    If you add a custom toolbar in the Windows 7 taksbar and set the toolbar view to Large Icons (and the icons in the toolbar are not set to Use small icons), the height of the taskbar unexpectedly increases by around 5 pixels, which makes a rather stupid gap at the bottom of the screen. If the option Use small icons is used for the taskbar appearance, the height of the taskbar is normal. It appears that the programmers at Microsoft were not very meticulous while designing the Windows 7 UI; it is obviously a bug. I was wondering if there is a registry hack to fix this or if anyone knows any solution to the problem, except for the obvious one: "use the small icons"? Thanks.

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  • How to Add the Windows Calculator to the Quick Access Toolbar in Microsoft Excel 2013

    - by Lori Kaufman
    Do you use the Windows Calculator to perform quick calculations while building spreadsheets in Excel? You can save time by adding the Calculator to the Quick Access Toolbar in Excel so you don’t have to leave the program to access the Calculator. To do this, click the down arrow on the right side of the Quick Access Toolbar and select More Commands from the drop-down menu. On the Quick Access Toolbar screen on the Excel Options dialog box, select Commands Not in the Ribbon from the Choose commands from drop-down list. Scroll down in the long list and select Calculator. Click Add to add the Calculator to the Quick Access Toolbar. Click OK to accept the change and close the Excel Options dialog box. You’ll see a Calculator icon on the Quick Access Toolbar. When you move your mouse over the icon, a hint displays saying “Custom.” Despite the label, when you click the icon, the Windows Calculator opens. The same procedure works for adding the Windows Calculator to Excel 2010, as well.     

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  • Toolbar Cleaner Strips Toolbars, Add-ons, and Browser Helper Objects

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    If you’re trying to remove all the crap off a friend’s bogged down computer, Toolbar Cleaner is a handy little app that does a thorough job stripping away spammy toolbars, dubious add-ons, and browser helper objects. Toolbar Cleaner is a free application that helps remove unwanted garbage from your Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Google Chrome installations–including third-party toolbars, extensions/add-ons, and browser helper objects (plug-ins that modify your browser behavior and can contain malware). If you’re dealing with a machine drowning under all the toolbars and crapware that have snuck onto the system, it’s a nearly one-click solution to purging all of them. Hit up the link below to read more about the software and grab a copy. Toolbar Cleaner is freeware, Windows only. Toolbar Cleaner [via Freeware Genius] HTG Explains: Why It’s Good That Your Computer’s RAM Is Full 10 Awesome Improvements For Desktop Users in Windows 8 How To Play DVDs on Windows 8

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  • how do I go about removing all the language packs I don't need

    - by knotech
    I just noticed that in /usr/share/help I have the ubuntu help files in 70 different languages. I only speak 2, and I only really compute in one. I also noticed that it is full of broken symbolic links to /usr/share/help-langpack. I want just want to get rid of all the languages I don't need. How can I do this without getting all rm -r happy? I'm preferably looking for a way to do this without installing any new packages, as my main goal is to get rid of excess stuff on my machine. I'd like to find a way to do this preferably with dpkg, or apt.

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  • SEO for landing page of three different language sites

    - by Zahid
    I have three sites running under the main domain example.com/en/ example.com/ar/ example.com/ur/ And there is a main HTML landing page example.com which have some introduction in three languages and links to three sites. Now i want this landing page to have a good SEO. and i want this page to appear in search in three languages. if someone searchs Arabic it should be in results with Arabic title and description, if someone searches in English it should response in English. Is it possible? or suggest me other way to make a landing page for these sites.

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  • How can I change the language order by command-line (or text editor)?

    - by KIAaze
    How can I change the language order by command-line (or text editor)? i.e. without using the graphical "gnome-language-selector". (Or is there a better GUI which allows you to select multiple language entries and move them all to another position directly, without having to do it one by one?) Alternatively: Where are the user-specific language settings stored? i.e. the /etc/default/locale for users.

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  • Change Language in Windows 8.1

    - by console
    I try to change the output language of windows 8.1 (not preview). I installed a German version of windows 8.1 and try to change language over the control panel as it is suggested by microsoft. But the change has no effect, and if i check the Language options it says "Es ist kein Sprachpaket verfügbar" (No language pack available). I cannot find a download for the en-GB language pack either, as MS suggests using the control panel to download the files. Has anybody experienced similar problems and found a solution?.

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