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  • What C++ templates issue is going on with this error?

    - by WilliamKF
    Running gcc v3.4.6 on the Botan v1.8.8 I get the following compile time error building my application after successfully building Botan and running its self test: ../../src/Botan-1.8.8/build/include/botan/secmem.h: In member function `Botan::MemoryVector<T>& Botan::MemoryVector<T>::operator=(const Botan::MemoryRegion<T>&)': ../../src/Botan-1.8.8/build/include/botan/secmem.h:310: error: missing template arguments before '(' token What is this compiler error telling me? Here is a snippet of secmem.h that includes line 130: [...] /** * This class represents variable length buffers that do not * make use of memory locking. */ template<typename T> class MemoryVector : public MemoryRegion<T> { public: /** * Copy the contents of another buffer into this buffer. * @param in the buffer to copy the contents from * @return a reference to *this */ MemoryVector<T>& operator=(const MemoryRegion<T>& in) { if(this != &in) set(in); return (*this); } // This is line 130! [...]

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  • Drawing and filling different polygons at the same time in MATLAB

    - by Hossein
    Hi,I have the code below. It load a CSV file into memory. This file contains the coordinates for different polygons.Each row of this file has X,Y coordinates and a string which tells that to which polygon this datapoint belongs. for example a polygone named "Poly1" with 100 data points has 100 rows in this file like : Poly1,X1,Y1 Poly1,X2,Y2 ... Poly1,X100,Y100 Poly2,X1,Y1 ..... The index.csv file has the number of datapoint(number of rows) for each polygon in file Polygons.csv. These details are not important. The thing is: I can successfully extract the datapoints for each polygon using the code below. However, When I plot the lines of different polygons are connected to each other and the plot looks crappy. I need the polygons to be separated(they are connected and overlapping the some areas though). I thought by using "fill" I can actually see them better. But "fill" just filles every polygon that it can find and that is not desirable. I only want to fill inside the polygons. Can someone help me? I can also send you my datapoint if necessary, they are less than 200Kb. Thanks [coordinates,routeNames,polygonData] = xlsread('Polygons.csv'); index = dlmread('Index.csv'); firstPointer = 0 lastPointer = index(1) for Counter=2:size(index) firstPointer = firstPointer + index(Counter) + 1 hold on plot(coordinates(firstPointer:lastPointer,2),coordinates(firstPointer:lastPointer,1),'r-') lastPointer = lastPointer + index(Counter) end

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  • Fastest XML parser for small, simple documents in Java

    - by Varkhan
    I have to objectify very simple and small XML documents (less than 1k, and it's almost SGML: no namespaces, plain UTF-8, you name it...), read from a stream, in Java. I am using JAXP to process the data from my stream into a Document object. I have tried Xerces, it's way too big and slow... I am using Dom4j, but I am still spending way too much time in org.dom4j.io.SAXReader. Does anybody out there have any suggestion on a faster, more efficient implementation, keeping in mind I have very tough CPU and memory constraints? [Edit 1] Keep in mind that my documents are very small, so the overhead of staring the parser can be important. For instance I am spending as much time in org.xml.sax.helpers.XMLReaderFactory.createXMLReader as in org.dom4j.io.SAXReader.read [Edit 2] The result has to be in Dom format, as I pass the document to decision tools that do arbitrary processing on it, like switching code based on the value of arbitrary XPaths, but also extracting lists of values packed as children of a predefined node. [Edit 3] In any case I eventually need to load/parse the complete document, since all the information it contains is going to be used at some point. (This question is related to, but different from, http://stackoverflow.com/questions/373833/best-xml-parser-for-java )

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  • What does it mean for an OS to "execute within user processes"? Do any modern OS's use that approach

    - by Chris Cooper
    I have recently become interested in operating system, and a friend of mine lent me a book called Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles (I have the third edition), published in 1998. It's been a very interesting book so far, but I have come to the part dealing with process control, and it's using UNIX System V as one of its examples of an operating system that executes within user processes. This concept has struck me as a little strange. First of all, does this mean that OS instructions and data are stored in each user of the processes? Probably not, because that would be an absurdly redundant scheme. But if not, then what does it mean to "execute within" a user process? Do any modern operating systems use this approach? It seems much more logical to have the operating system execute as its own process, or even independently of all processes, if you're short on memory. All the inter-accessiblilty of process data required for this layout seems to greatly complicate things. (But maybe that's just because I don't quite get the concept ;D) Here is what the book says: "Execution within User Processes: An alternative that is common with operation systems on smaller machines is to execute virtually all operating system software in the context of a user process. ... "

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  • What could cause these Apache crash errors ?

    - by jacobanderssen
    Hello guys. I had a server crash several days ago. I use Cacti to keep stats: at the time when the server crashed, a huge spike from Load 1 to Load 200 occurred, with over 800 processes in the run queue ( from 300 average). Upon checking /var/log/httpd I notice this: * glibc detected /usr/sbin/httpd: double free or corruption (out): 0x00002b8f3142c2f0 ** Followed by alot of these: [Sat Mar 13 19:20:20 2010] [warn] child process 3090 still did not exit, sending a SIGTERM [Sat Mar 13 19:20:20 2010] [warn] child process 3091 still did not exit, sending a SIGTERM Followed by this: ======= Backtrace: ========= /lib64/libc.so.6[0x2b8f1463c2ef] /lib64/libc.so.6(cfree+0x4b)[0x2b8f1463c73b] /usr/lib64/libapr-1.so.0(apr_pool_destroy+0x131)[0x2b8f13f98821] /usr/sbin/httpd[0x2b8f126df47e] /usr/sbin/httpd[0x2b8f126df4ab] /lib64/libpthread.so.0[0x2b8f141b87c0] /etc/httpd/modules/mod_file_cache.so[0x2b8f1cdf00fb] ======= Memory map: ======== And finally a lot of these: [Sat Mar 13 19:20:27 2010] [error] could not make child process 733 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Sat Mar 13 19:20:27 2010] [error] could not make child process 24560 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Sat Mar 13 19:20:27 2010] [error] could not make child process 31384 exit, attempting to continue anyway I am also noticing one or two lines like this: [Mon Mar 15 01:17:26 2010] [notice] child pid 20765 exit signal Segmentation fault (11) Please help me shed some light on this. Thanks !

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  • How do the operators < and > work with pointers?

    - by Øystein
    Just for fun, I had a std::list of const char*, each element pointing to a null-terminated text string, and ran a std::list::sort() on it. As it happens, it sort of (no pun intended) did not sort the strings. Considering that it was working on pointers, that makes sense. According to the documentation of std::list::sort(), it (by default) uses the operator < between the elements to compare. Forgetting about the list for a moment, my actual question is: How do these (, <, =, <=) operators work on pointers in C++ and C? Do they simply compare the actual memory addresses? char* p1 = (char*) 0xDAB0BC47; char* p2 = (char*) 0xBABEC475; e.g. on a 32-bit, little-endian system, p1 p2 because 0xDAB0BC47 0xBABEC475? Testing seems to confirm this, but I thought it'd be good to put it on StackOverflow for future reference. C and C++ both do some weird things to pointers, so you never really know...

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  • What is the fastest way to filter a list of strings when making an Intellisense/Autocomplete list?

    - by user559548
    Hello everyone, I'm writing an Intellisense/Autocomplete like the one you find in Visual Studio. It's all fine up until when the list contains probably 2000+ items. I'm using a simple LINQ statement for doing the filtering: var filterCollection = from s in listCollection where s.FilterValue.IndexOf(currentWord, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >= 0 orderby s.FilterValue select s; I then assign this collection to a WPF Listbox's ItemSource, and that's the end of it, works fine. Noting that, the Listbox is also virtualised as well, so there will only be at most 7-8 visual elements in memory and in the visual tree. However the caveat right now is that, when the user types extremely fast in the richtextbox, and on every key up I execute the filtering + binding, there's this semi-race condition, or out of sync filtering, like the first key stroke's filtering could still be doing it's filtering or binding work, while the fourth key stroke is also doing the same. I know I could put in a delay before applying the filter, but I'm trying to achieve a seamless filtering much like the one in Visual Studio. I'm not sure where my problem exactly lies, so I'm also attributing it to IndexOf's string operation, or perhaps my list of string's could be optimised in some kind of index, that could speed up searching. Any suggestions of code samples are much welcomed. Thanks.

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  • Ember Data Sycn - LocalStorage+REST+RealTime+Online/Offline

    - by Miguel Madero
    We have a combination of requirements in terms o data access. Pre-load some reference data. We need reference data to survive browser restarts instead of just living in memory to avoid loading it all the time. I'm currently using the LocalStorageAdapter for that. Once we have it, we would like to sync changes (polling or using Socket.IO in the background and updating the LocalStorage could do the trick) There're other models that are more transactional, where we would need to directly go to the Server and get/save them. It would be nice to use something like the RESTAdapter for that. Lastly, there're some operations that should work off-line and changes should be synced later. To make it more concrete: * We pre-load vendor and "favorite products" into Local Storage. We work offline with those. * We need to sync server changes to vendor and product information. * If they search the full catalog, that requires them to be online. * When offline, we need to allow users to add something to their cart or even submit and order. We would like to queue this action and submit it when they have an Internet Connection. So a few questions are derived from this: * Is there a way to user RESTAdapter in combination with LocalStorage? * Is there some Socket.IO support? (Happy to do this part manually) * Is there Queueing support? Ideally at the Ember-Data level. I know we will have to do a lot of this manually and pull together the different lego pieces, but I wanted to ask for some perspective from experience Ember devs.

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  • Calling a WPF Application and modify exposed properties?

    - by Justin
    I have a WPF Keyboard Application, it is developed in such a way that an application could call it and modify its properties to adapt the Keyboard to do what it needs to. Right now I have a file *.Keys.Set which tells the application (on open) to style itself according to that new style. I know this file could be passed as a command line argument into the application. That would not be a problem. My concern is, is there a way via a managed environment to change the properties of the executable as long as they are exposed properly, an example: 'Creates a new instance of the Keyboard Application Dim e_key as new WpfApplication("C:\egt\components\keyboard.exe") 'Sets the style path e_key.SetStylePath("c:\users\joe\apps\me\default.keys.set") e_key.Refresh() 'Applies the style e_key.HideMenu() 'Hides the menu e_key.ShowDeck("PIN") 'Shows the custom "deck" of keyboard keys the developer 'Created in the style application. ''work with events and response 'Clear the instance from memory e_key.close e_key.dispose e_key = nothing This would allow my application to become easily accessible to other Touch Screen Application Developers, allowing them to use my keyboard and keep the functionality they need. It seems like it might be possible because (name of executable).application shows all the exposed functions, properties, and values. I just have never done this before. Any help would be appreciated, thank you in advance.

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  • Rewriting jQuery to plain old javascript - are the performance gains worth it?

    - by Swader
    Since jQuery is an incredibly easy and banal library, I've developed a rather complex project fairly quickly with it. The entire interface is jQuery based, and memory is cleaned regularly to maintain optimum performance. Everything works very well in Firefox, and exceptionally so in Chrome (other browsers are of no concern for me as this is not a commercial or publicly available product). What I'm wondering now is - since pure plain old javascript is really not a complicated language to master, would it be performance enhancing to rewrite the whole thing in plain old JS, and if so, how much of a boost would you expect to get from it? If the answers prove positive enough, I'll go ahead and do it, run a benchmark and report back with the precise findings. Cheers Edit: Thanks guys, valuable insight. The purpose was not to "re-invent the wheel" - it was just for experience and personal improvement. Just because something exists, doesn't mean you shouldn't explore it into greater detail, know how it works or try to recreate it. This is the same reason I seldom use frameworks, I would much rather use my own code and iron it out and gain massive experience doing it, than start off by using someone else's code, regardless of how ironed out it is. Anyway, won't be doing it, thanks for saving me the effort :)

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  • SqlServer slow on production environment

    - by Lieven Cardoen
    I have a weird problem in a production environment at a customer. I can't give any details on the infrastructure except that sql server runs on a virtual server and the data, log and filestream file are on another storage server (data and filestream together and log on a seperate server). Now, there's this query that when we run it gives these durations (first we clear the cache): 300ms, 20ms, 15ms, 17ms,... First time it takes longer, but from then on it is cached. At the customer, on a sql server that is more powerfull, these are the durations (I didn't have the rights to clear the cache. Will try this tomorrow). 2500ms, 2600ms, 2400ms, ... The query can be improved, that's right, but that's not the question here. How would you tackle this? I don't know where to go from here. The servers at this customer are really more powerfull but they do have virtual servers (we don't). What could be the cause... - Not enough memory? - Fragmentation? - Physical storage? I know it can be a lot of things, but maybe some of you have got some info for me on how to go on with this issue...

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  • Read/Write/Find/Replace huge csv file

    - by notapipe
    I have a huge (4,5 GB) csv file.. I need to perform basic cut and paste, replace operations for some columns.. the data is pretty well organized.. the only problem is I cannot play with it with Excel because of the size (2000 rows, 550000 columns). here is some part of the data: ID,Affection,Sex,DRB1_1,DRB1_2,SENum,SEStatus,AntiCCP,RFUW,rs3094315,rs12562034,rs3934834,rs9442372,rs3737728 D0024949,0,F,0101,0401,SS,yes,?,?,A_A,A_A,G_G,G_G D0024302,0,F,0101,7,SN,yes,?,?,A_A,G_G,A_G,?_? D0023151,0,F,0101,11,SN,yes,?,?,A_A,G_G,G_G,G_G I need to remove 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th columns; I need to find every _ character from column 10 onwards and replace it with a space ( ) character; I need to replace every ? with zero (0); I need to replace every comma with a tab; I need to remove first row (that has column names; I need to replace every 0 with 1, every 1 with 2 and every ? with 0 in 2nd column; I need to replace F with 2, M with 1 and ? with 0 in 3rd column; so that in the resulting file the output reads: D0024949 1 2 A A A A G G G G D0024302 1 2 A A G G A G 0 0 D0023151 1 2 A A G G G G G G (both input and output should read one line per row, ne extra blank row) Is there a memory efficient way of doing that with java(and I need a code to do that) or a usable tool for playing with this large data so that I can easily apply Excel functionality..

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  • How to get address of va_arg?

    - by lionbest
    I hack some old C API and i got a compile error with the following code: void OP_Exec( OP* op , ... ) { int i; va_list vl; va_start(vl,op); for( i = 0; i < op->param_count; ++i ) { switch( op->param_type[i] ) { case OP_PCHAR: op->param_buffer[i] = va_arg(vl,char*); // ok it works break; case OP_INT: op->param_buffer[i] = &va_arg(vl,int); // error here break; // ... more here } } op->pexec(op); va_end(vl); } The error with gcc version 4.4.1 (Ubuntu 4.4.1-4ubuntu9) was: main.c|55|error: lvalue required as unary ‘&’ operand So why exactly it's not possible here to get a pointer to argument? How to fix it? This code is executed very often with different OP*, so i prefer to not allocate extra memory. Is it possible to iterate over va_list knowing only the size of arguments?

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  • List iterator not dereferencable?

    - by Roderick
    Hi All I get the error "list iterator not dereferencable" when using the following code: bool done = false; while (!_list_of_messages.empty() && !done) { // request the next message to create a frame // DEBUG ERROR WHEN NEXT LINE IS EXECUTED: Counted_message_reader reader = *(_list_of_messages.begin()); if (reader.has_more_data()) { _list_of_frames.push_back(new Dlp_data_frame(reader, _send_compressed_frames)); done = true; } else { _list_of_messages.pop_front(); } } (The line beginning with "Counted_message_reader..." is the one giving the problem) Note that the error doesn't always occur but seemingly at random times (usually when there's lots of buffered data). _list_of_messages is declared as follows: std::list<Counted_message_reader> _list_of_messages; In the surrounding code we could do pop_front, push_front and size, empty or end checks on _list_of_messages but no erase calls. I've studied the STL documentation and can't see any glaring problems. Is there something wrong with the above code or do I have a memory leak somewhere? Thanks! Appreciated!

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  • What's the best way to store Logon User information for Web Application?

    - by Morgan Cheng
    I was once in a project of web application developed on ASP.NET. For each logon user, there is an object (let's call it UserSessionObject here) created and stored in RAM. For each HTTP request of given user, matching UserSessoinObject instance is used to visit user state information and connection to database. So, this UserSessionObject is pretty important. This design brings several problems found later: 1) Since this UserSessionObject is cached in ASP.NET memory space, we have to config load balancer to be sticky connection. That is, HTTP request in single session would always be sent to one web server behind. This limit scalability and maintainability. 2) This UserSessionObject is accessed in every HTTP request. To keep the consistency, there is a exclusive lock for the UserSessionObject. Only one HTTP request can be processed at any given time because it must to obtain the lock first. The performance and response time is affected. Now, I'm wondering whether there is better design to handle such logon user case. It seems Sharing-Nothing-Architecture helps. That means long user info is retrieved from database each time. I'm afraid that would hurt performance. Is there any design pattern for long user web app? Thanks.

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  • How would I instruct extconf.rb to use additional g++ optimization flags, and which are advisable?

    - by mohawkjohn
    I'm using Rice to write a C++ extension for a Ruby gem. The extension is in the form of a shared object (.so) file. This requires 'mkmf-rice' instead of 'mkmf', but the two (AFAIK) are pretty similar. By default, the compiler uses the flags -g -O2. Personally, I find this kind of silly, since it's hard to debug with any optimization enabled. I've resorted to editing the Makefile to take out the flags I don't like (e.g., removing -fPIC -shared when I need to debug using main() instead of Ruby's hooks). But I figure there's got to be a better way. I know I can just do $CPPFLAGS += " -DRICE" to add additional flags. But how do I remove things without editing the Makefile directly? A secondary question: what optimizations are safe for shared objects loaded by Ruby? Can I do things like -funroll-loops? What do you all recommend? It's a scientific computing project, so the faster the better. Memory is not much of an issue. Many thanks!

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  • [C++][OpenMP] Proper use of "atomic directive" to lock STL container

    - by conradlee
    I have a large number of sets of integers, which I have, in turn, put into a vector of pointers. I need to be able to update these sets of integers in parallel without causing a race condition. More specifically. I am using OpenMP's "parallel for" construct. For dealing with shared resources, OpenMP offers a handy "atomic directive," which allows one to avoid a race condition on a specific piece of memory without using locks. It would be convenient if I could use the "atomic directive" to prevent simultaneous updating to my integer sets, however, I'm not sure whether this is possible. Basically, I want to know whether the following code could lead to a race condition vector< set<int>* > membershipDirectory(numSets, new set<int>); #pragma omp for schedule(guided,expandChunksize) for(int i=0; i<100; i++) { set<int>* sp = membershipDirectory[5]; #pragma omp atomic sp->insert(45); } (Apologies for any syntax errors in the code---I hope you get the point) I have seen a similar example of this for incrementing an integer, but I'm not sure whether it works when working with a pointer to a container as in my case.

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  • char[] and char* compatibility?

    - by Aerovistae
    In essence, will this code work? And before you say "Run it and see!", I just realized my cygwin didn't come with gcc and it's currently 40 minutes away from completing reinstallation. That being said: char* words[1000]; for(int i = 0; i<1000; i++) words[i] = NULL; char buffer[ 1024 ]; //omit code that places "ADD splash\0" into the buffer if(strncmp (buffer, "ADD ", 4){ char* temp = buffer + 4; printf("Adding: %s", temp); int i = 0; while(words[i] != NULL) i++; words[i] = temp; } I'm mostly uncertain about the line char* temp = buffer + 4, and also whether I can assign words[i] in the manner that I am. Am I going to get type errors when I eventually try to compile this in 40 minutes? Also-- if this works, why don't I need to use malloc() on each element of words[]? Why can I say words[i] = temp, instead of needing to allocate memory for words[i] the length of temp?

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  • MS Access Bulk Insert exits app

    - by Brij
    In the web service, I have to bulk insert data in MS Access database. First, There was single complex Insert-Select query,There was no error but app exited after inserting some records. I have divided the query to make it simple and using linq to remove complexity of query. now I am inserting records using for loop. there are approx 10000 records. Again, same problem. I put a breakpoint after loop, but No hit. I have used try catch, but no error found. For Each item In lstSelDel Try qry = String.Format("insert into Table(Id,link,file1,file2,pID) values ({0},""{1}"",""{2}"",""{3}"",{4})", item.WebInfoID, item.Links, item.Name, item.pName, pDateID) DAL.ExecN(qry) Catch ex As Exception Throw ex End Try Next Public Shared Function ExecN(ByVal SQL As String) As Integer Dim ret As Integer = -1 Dim nowConString As String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" + System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "DataBase\\mydatabase.mdb;" Dim nowCon As System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection nowCon = New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection(nowConString) Dim cmd As New OleDb.OleDbCommand(SQL, nowCon) nowCon.Open() ret = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery() nowCon.Close() nowCon.Dispose() cmd.Dispose() Return ret End Function After exiting app, I see w3wp.exe uses more than 50% of Memory. Any idea, What is going wrong? Is there any limitation of MS Access?

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  • Should I pass a SqlDataReader by reference or not when passing it out to multiple threads.

    - by deroby
    Hi all, being new to c# I've run into this 'conundrum' when passing around a SqlDataReader between different threads. Without going into too much detail, the idea is to have a main thread fetching data from the database (a large recordset) and then have a helper-task run through this record by record and doing some stuff based upon the contents of this. There is no feedback to the recordset, it simply wades through until no records are left. This works fine, but given the nature of the job at hand it should be possible to have this job spread over different threads (CPUs) to maximize throughput (the order of execution is of no significance). The question then becomes, when I pass this recordset in a SqlDataReader, do I have to use ref or not ? It kind of boils down to the question : if I pass the object around without specifying ref, won't it create new copies in memory and have records processed n times ? Or, don't I risk having the record-position being moved forward while not all fields have been fully read yet ? The latter seems more like a 'data racing' issue and probably is covered by the lock()ing mechanism (or not?). My initial take on the problem was that it doesn't really hurt passing the variable using ref, yet as a colleague put it : "you only need ref when you're doing something wrong" =) Additionally using ref restricts me from applying a Using() construction too which isn't very nice either. I thus create a "basic" project that tackles the same approach but without the ref notation. Tests so far show that it works flawlessly on a Core2Duo (2cpu) using any number of threads, yet I'm still a bit wary... What do you experts think about this ? Use ref or not ? You can find the test-project here as it seems I can't upload it to this question directly ?!? ps: it's just a test-project and I'm new to c#, so please be gentle on me when breaking down the code =P

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  • CUDA - multiple kernels to compute a single value

    - by Roger
    Hey, I'm trying to write a kernel to essentially do the following in C float sum = 0.0; for(int i = 0; i < N; i++){ sum += valueArray[i]*valueArray[i]; } sum += sum / N; At the moment I have this inside my kernel, but it is not giving correct values. int i0 = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; for(int i=i0; i<N; i += blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ *d_sum += d_valueArray[i]*d_valueArray[i]; } *d_sum= __fdividef(*d_sum, N); The code used to call the kernel is kernelName<<<64,128>>>(N, d_valueArray, d_sum); cudaMemcpy(&sum, d_sum, sizeof(float) , cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost); I think that each kernel is calculating a partial sum, but the final divide statement is not taking into account the accumulated value from each of the threads. Every kernel is producing it's own final value for d_sum? Does anyone know how could I go about doing this in an efficient way? Maybe using shared memory between threads? I'm very new to GPU programming. Cheers

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  • Code Golf: Counting XML elements in file on Android

    - by CSharperWithJava
    Take a simple XML file formatted like this: <Lists> <List> <Note/> ... <Note/> </List> <List> <Note/> ... <Note/> </List> </Lists> Each node has some attributes that actually hold the data of the file. I need a very quick way to count the number of each type of element, (List and Note). Lists is simply the root and doesn't matter. I can do this with a simple string search or something similar, but I need to make this as fast as possible. Design Parameters: Must be in java (Android application). Must AVOID allocating memory as much as possible. Must return the total number of Note elements and the number of List elements in the file, regardless of location in file. Number of Lists will typically be small (1-4), and number of notes can potentially be very large (upwards of 1000, typically 100) per file. I look forward to your suggestions.

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  • Does it exist: smart pointer, owned by one object allowing access.

    - by Noah Roberts
    I'm wondering if anyone's run across anything that exists which would fill this need. Object A contains an object B. It wants to provide access to that B to clients through a pointer (maybe there's the option it could be 0, or maybe the clients need to be copiable and yet hold references...whatever). Clients, lets call them object C, would normally, if we're perfect developers, be written carefully so as to not violate the lifetime semantics of any pointer to B they might have...but we're not perfect, in fact we're pretty dumb half the time. So what we want is for object C to have a pointer to object B that is not "shared" ownership but that is smart enough to recognize a situation in which the pointer is no longer valid, such as when object A is destroyed or it destroys object B. Accessing this pointer when it's no longer valid would cause an assertion/exception/whatever. In other words, I wish to share access to data in a safe, clear way but retain the original ownership semantics. Currently, because I've not been able to find any shared pointer in which one of the objects owns it, I've been using shared_ptr in place of having such a thing. But I want clear owneship and shared/weak pointer doesn't really provide that. Would be nice further if this smart pointer could be attached to member variables and not just hold pointers to dynamically allocated memory regions. If it doesn't exist I'm going to make it, so I first want to know if someone's already released something out there that does it. And, BTW, I do realize that things like references and pointers do provide this sort of thing...I'm looking for something smarter.

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  • Communication between lexer and parser

    - by FredOverflow
    Every time I write a simple lexer and parser, I stumble upon the same question: how should the lexer and the parser communicate? I see four different approaches: The lexer eagerly converts the entire input string into a vector of tokens. Once this is done, the vector is fed to the parser which converts it into a tree. This is by far the simplest solution to implement, but since all tokens are stored in memory, it wastes a lot of space. Each time the lexer finds a token, it invokes a function on the parser, passing the current token. In my experience, this only works if the parser can naturally be implemented as a state machine like LALR parsers. By contrast, I don't think it would work at all for recursive descent parsers. Each time the parser needs a token, it asks the lexer for the next one. This is very easy to implement in C# due to the yield keyword, but quite hard in C++ which doesn't have it. The lexer and parser communicate through an asynchronous queue. This is commonly known under the title "producer/consumer", and it should simplify the communication between the lexer and the parser a lot. Does it also outperform the other solutions on multicores? Or is lexing too trivial? Is my analysis sound? Are there other approaches I haven't thought of? What is used in real-world compilers? It would be really cool if compiler writers like Eric Lippert could shed some light on this issue.

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  • Negative number representation across multiple architechture

    - by Donotalo
    I'm working with OKI 431 micro controller. It can communicate with PC with appropriate software installed. An EEPROM is connected in the I2C bus of the micro which works as permanent memory. The PC software can read from and write to this EEPROM. Consider two numbers, B and C, each is two byte integer. B is known to both the PC software and the micro and is a constant. C will be a number so close to B such that B-C will fit in a signed 8 bit integer. After some testing, appropriate value for C will be determined by PC and will be stored into the EEPROM of the micro for later use. Now the micro can store C in two ways: The micro can store whole two byte representing C The micro can store B-C as one byte signed integer, and can later derive C from B and B-C I think that two's complement representation of negative number is now universally accepted by hardware manufacturers. Still I personally don't like negative numbers to be stored in a storage medium which will be accessed by two different architectures because negative number can be represented in different ways. For you information, 431 also uses two's complement. Should I get rid of the headache that negative number can be represented in different ways and accept the one byte solution as my other team member suggested? Or should I stick to the decision of the two byte solution because I don't need to deal with negative numbers? Which one would you prefer and why?

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