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  • An old flaw in X Window System. How does it work?

    - by Legend
    I was going through an article today when it mentioned the following: "We've found many errors over the years. One of the absolute best was the following in the X Window System: if(getuid() != 0 && geteuid == 0) { ErrorF("Only root"); exit(1); } It allowed any local user to get root access. (The tautological check geteuid == 0 was intended to be geteuid() == 0. In its current form, it compress the address of geteuid to 0; given that the function exists, its address is never 0)." The article explained what was wrong with the code but I would like to know what it means to say that "It allowed any local user to get root access". I am not an expert in C but can someone give me an exact context in which this exploit would work? Specifically, what I mean is, lets say I am the local user, how would I get root access if we assume this code to be present somewhere?

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  • C Array of string

    - by Meko
    HI. This is maybe simple question but I want to create two dimensional array and add it string like in java string str = "text" ; string [][] array = new [][] string ; array[i][j] = str ; But in C there is no string .I tried like this but here strcpy() gives error.It returns to assembly code. I am trying to read line by line from text and split line by space and add them to structure.But first I think that I must add each line and row in array and then making iteration and adding to structures fields. static const char filename[] = "student.txt"; FILE *file = fopen ( filename, "r" ); char line [ 128 ]; /* or other suitable maximum line size */ char delims [ ]=" "; char *result =NULL; char list[15]; char arra[128][128]; int i=0; int j=0; struct { char gruppa[10]; char familiya[20]; int uchaste; struct { int firsth; int second; int third; int fourht; int fifth; } exam; }student; for(i=0; i<128; i++) for(j=0; j<128; j++) arra[i][j] = '\0'; for(i=0; i<15; i++) list[i] = '\0'; if ( file != NULL ) { while ( fgets ( line, sizeof line, file ) != NULL ) { result = strtok(line,delims); while (result !=NULL) { strcpy(list,("%s",result)); strcpy(arra[i][j],list); // Here it gives errror j++; result = strtok(NULL,delims); } j=0; i++; } fclose ( file ); } else { perror ( filename ); } getchar(); return 0; }

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  • Python f.write() at beginning of file?

    - by kristus
    I'm doing it like this now, but i want it to write at the beginning of the file instead. f = open('out.txt', 'a') # or 'w'? f.write("string 1") f.write("string 2") f.write("string 3") f.close() so that the contenst of out.txt will be: string 3 string 2 string 1 and not (like this code does): string 1 string 2 string 3

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  • AWK: how to reuse a result NR-times without removing END?

    - by HH
    How can I get all differences, not just one? I want to use the calculated result for each item in the third column. The dilemma is that if I remove END I can print $3 but cannot have ave. If I leave END I have ave but not all differences. awk '{sum+=$3} END {ave=sum/NR} END {print $3-ave}' coriolis_data -0.00964 // I want to see the rest differences, how? coriolis_data .105 0.005 0.9766 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .095 0.005 0.9963 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .115 0.005 0.9687 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .105 0.005 0.9693 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .095 0.005 0.9798 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .105 0.005 0.9798 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .095 0.005 0.9711 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .110 0.005 0.9640 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .105 0.005 0.9704 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .090 0.005 0.9644 0.0001 0.595 0.005

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  • python: equivalent to Javascript "||" to override non-truthful value

    - by Jason S
    In Javascript I can do this: function A(x) { return x || 3; } This returns 3 if x is a "non-truthful" value like 0, null, false, and it returns x otherwise. This is useful for empty arguments, e.g. I can do A() and it will evaluate as 3. Does Python have an equivalent? I guess I could make one out of the ternary operator a if b else c but was wondering what people use for this.

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  • How do I set up my @product=Product.find(params[:id]) to have a product_url?

    - by montooner
    Trying to recreate { script/generate scaffold }, and I've gotten thru a number of Rails basics. I suspect that I need to configure default product url somewhere. But where do I do this? Setup: Have: def edit { @product=Product.find(params[:id]) } Have edit.html.erb, with an edit form posting to action = :create Have def create { ... }, with the code redirect_to(@product, ...) Getting error: undefined method `product_url' for #< ProductsController:0x56102b0 My def update: def update @product = Product.find(params[:id]) respond_to do |format| if @product.update_attributes(params[:product]) format.html { redirect_to(@product, :notice => 'Product was successfully updated.') } format.xml { head :ok } else format.html { render :action => "edit" } format.xml { render :xml => @product.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity } end end end

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  • MySQL::Eliminating redundant elements from a table?

    - by Legend
    I have a table like this: +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | v1 | int(11) | YES | MUL | NULL | | | v2 | int(11) | YES | MUL | NULL | | +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ There is a tremendous amount of duplication in this table. For instance, elements like the following: +------+------+ | v1 | v2 | +------+------+ | 1 | 2 | | 1 | 3 | | 1 | 4 | | 1 | 5 | | 1 | 6 | | 1 | 7 | | 1 | 8 | | 1 | 9 | | 2 | 1 | | 4 | 1 | | 5 | 1 | | 6 | 1 | | 7 | 1 | | 8 | 1 | | 9 | 1 | +------+------+ The table is large with 1540000 entries. To remove the redundant entries (i.e. to get a table having only (1,9) and no (9,1) entries), I was thinking of doing it with a subquery but is there a better way of doing this?

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  • jQuery: What does (function($) {})(jQuery); mean?

    - by Legend
    I am just starting out with writing jQuery plugins. I wrote three small plugins but I have been simply copying the line into all my plugins without actually knowing what it means. Can someone tell me a little more about these? What does this do? (I know it extends jQuery somehow but is there anything else interesting to know about this) (function($) { })(jQuery); What is the difference between the following two ways of writing a plugin: Type 1: (function($) { $.fn.jPluginName = { }, $.fn.jPluginName.defaults = { } })(jQuery); Type 2: (function($) { $.jPluginName = { } })(jQuery); I could be way off here and maybe both mean the same thing. In some cases, this doesn't seem to be working in a plugin that I was writing using Type 1. Any idea why? But in either case, I would appreciate any explanation.

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  • Windows server issue with a product

    - by peter
    Can you tell me the meaning of this statement.I am using windows 2008 server OS Log Problem must be changed so that it elevates privileges for a user executing the Problem. its done by creating a manifest that indicates that Problem needs Administrator privileges.

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  • Declaring an integer Range with step != 1 in Ruby

    - by Dan Tao
    Hey guys, I'm completely new to Ruby, so be gentle. Say I want to iterate over the range of even numbers from 2 to 100; how would I do that? Obviously I could do: (2..100).each do |x| if x % 2 == 0 # my code end end But, obviously (again), that would be pretty stupid. I know I could do something like: i = 2 while i <= 100 # my code i += 2 end I believe I could also write my own custom class that provides its own each method (?). I am almost sure that would be overkill, though. I'm interested in two things: Is it possible to do this with some variation of the standard Range syntax (i.e., (x..y).each)? Either way, what would be the most idiomatic "Ruby way" of accomplishing this (using a Range or otherwise)? Like I said, I'm new to the language; so any guidance you can offer on how to do things in a more typical Ruby style would be much appreciated.

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  • Is it a good idea for me to learn Python before C or some other Compiler language?

    - by Dream Lane
    Right now I am going through MIT's introduction to Computer Science course via OpenCourseWare. As a part of this course I am learning the Python Language. I've read a lot of things about the benefits of learning C. Before I dig any deeper into Python I wonder if I will be hindered or helped by learning Python first. Do you think that I will develop any bad habits or anything like that from Python?

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  • How to make if-elif-else statement in python more space-saving?

    - by Neverland
    I have a lot of if-elif-else statements in my code if message == '0' or message == '3' or message == '5' or message == '7': ... elif message == '1' or message == '2' or message == '4' or message == '6' or message == '8': ... else: ... Is it possible to format this in a more space-saving way? I tried it this way: if message == '0' or '3' or '5' or '7': ... elif message == '1' or '2' or '4' or '6' or '8': ... else: ... But without success.

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  • Clicking Elements in Android Doesn't Display the Correct Values

    - by Devin
    I apologize if this code looks a bit like a mess (considering the length); I figured I'd just include everything that goes on in my program at the moment. I'm attempting to create a fairly simple Tic Tac Toe app for Android. I've set up my UI nicely so far so that there are a "grid" of TextViews. As a sort of "debug" right now, I have it so that when one clicks on a TextView, it should display the value of buttonId in a message box. Right now, it displays the correct assigned value for the first element I click, but no matter what I click afterwards, it always just displays the first value buttonID had. I attempted to debug it but couldn't exactly find a point where it would pull the old value (to the best of my knowledge, it reassigned the value). There's a good possibility I'm missing something small, because this is my first Android project (of any note). Can someone help get different values of buttonId to appear or point out the error in my logic? The code: package com.TicTacToe.app; import com.TicTacToe.app.R; //Other import statements public class TicTacToe extends Activity { public String player = "X"; public int ALERT_ID; public int buttonId; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); //Sets up instances of UI elements final TextView playerText = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.CurrentPlayerDisp); final Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.SetPlayer); final TextView location1 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.location1); final TextView location2 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.location2); final TextView location3 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.location3); final TextView location4 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.location4); final TextView location5 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.location5); final TextView location6 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.location6); final TextView location7 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.location7); final TextView location8 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.location8); final TextView location9 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.location9); playerText.setText(player); //Handlers for events button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { // Perform action on click if (player.equals("X")){ player = "O"; playerText.setText(player); } else if(player.equals("O")){ player = "X"; playerText.setText(player); } //Sets up the dialog buttonId = 0; ALERT_ID = 0; onCreateDialog(ALERT_ID); showDialog(ALERT_ID); } }); location1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //Sets up the dialog buttonId = 1; ALERT_ID = 0; onCreateDialog(ALERT_ID); showDialog(ALERT_ID); } }); location2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //Sets up the dialog buttonId = 2; ALERT_ID = 0; onCreateDialog(ALERT_ID); showDialog(ALERT_ID); } }); location3.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //Sets up the dialog buttonId = 3; ALERT_ID = 0; onCreateDialog(ALERT_ID); showDialog(ALERT_ID); } }); location4.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //Sets up the dialog buttonId = 4; ALERT_ID = 0; onCreateDialog(ALERT_ID); showDialog(ALERT_ID); } }); location5.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //Sets up the dialog buttonId = 5; ALERT_ID = 0; onCreateDialog(ALERT_ID); showDialog(ALERT_ID); } }); location6.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //Sets up the dialog buttonId = 6; ALERT_ID = 0; onCreateDialog(ALERT_ID); showDialog(ALERT_ID); } }); location7.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //Sets up the dialog buttonId = 7; ALERT_ID = 0; onCreateDialog(ALERT_ID); showDialog(ALERT_ID); } }); location8.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //Sets up the dialog buttonId = 8; ALERT_ID = 0; onCreateDialog(ALERT_ID); showDialog(ALERT_ID); } }); location9.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //Sets up the dialog buttonId = 9; ALERT_ID = 0; onCreateDialog(ALERT_ID); showDialog(ALERT_ID); } }); } protected Dialog onCreateDialog(int id){ String msgString = "You are on spot " + buttonId; AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this); builder.setMessage(msgString) .setCancelable(false) .setNeutralButton("Ok", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) { dialog.cancel(); } }); AlertDialog alert = builder.create(); return alert; } }

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  • Unix: cannot add "\\ \n" even with escaping to the end of line

    - by HH
    I try to convert clean columnwise data to tables in tex. I am unable to have "\ \n" at each end of line. Please, see the command at the end. Data $ echo `. ./bin/addTableTexTags.sh < .data_3` 10.31 & 8.50 & 7.40 10.34 & 8.53 & 7.81 8.22 & 8.62 & 7.78 10.16 & 8.53 & 7.44 10.41 & 8.38 & 7.63 10.38 & 8.57 & 8.03 10.13 & 8.66 & 7.41 8.50 & 8.60 & 7.15 10.41 & 8.63 & 7.21 8.53 & 8.53 & 7.12 $ cat .data_3 10.31 8.50 7.40 10.34 8.53 7.81 8.22 8.62 7.78 10.16 8.53 7.44 10.41 8.38 7.63 10.38 8.57 8.03 10.13 8.66 7.41 8.50 8.60 7.15 10.41 8.63 7.21 8.53 8.53 7.12 addTableTexTags.sh #!/bin/bash sed -e "s@[[:space:]]@\t\&\t@g" -e "s@[[:space:]]*&*[[:space:]]*\$@\t \\ \\\\n@g" // Tried Escaping "\\" with "/" here and there // but cannot get a line ending with "\\ \n".

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  • Permutations in python 2.5.2

    - by flpgdt
    Hi, I have a list of numbers for input, e.g. 671.00 1,636.00 436.00 9,224.00 and I want to generate all possible sums with a way to id it for output, e.g.: 671.00 + 1,636.00 = 2,307.00 671.00 + 436.00 = 1,107.00 671.00 + 9,224.00 = 9,224.00 671.00 + 1,636.00 + 436.00 = 2,743.00 ... and I would like to do it in Python My current constrains are: a) I'm just learning python now (that's part of the idea) b) I will have to use Python 2.5.2 (no intertools) I think I have found a piece of code that may help: def all_perms(str): if len(str) <=1: yield str else: for perm in all_perms(str[1:]): for i in range(len(perm)+1): #nb str[0:1] works in both string and list contexts yield perm[:i] + str[0:1] + perm[i:] ( from these guys ) But I'm not sure how to use it in my propose. Could someone trow some tips and pieces of code of help? cheers, f.

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  • GoTo statements and alternatives in VB.NET

    - by qais
    I've posted a code snippet on another forum asking for help and people pointed out to me that using GoTo statements is very bad programming practice. I'm wondering: why is it bad? What alternatives to GoTo are there to use in VB.NET that would be considered generally more of a better practice? Consider this snippet below where the user has to input their date of birth. If the month/date/year are invalid or unrealistic(using if statements checking the integer inputs size, if there's a better way to do this, I'd appreciate if you could tell me that also :D) How would I be able to loop back to ask the user again? retryday: Console.WriteLine("Please enter the day you were born : ") day = Console.ReadLine If day > 31 Or day < 1 Then Console.WriteLine("Please enter a valid day") GoTo retryday End If

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  • how to get the parent dir location using python..

    - by zjm1126
    this code is get the templates/blog1/page.html in b.py: path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), os.path.join('templates', 'blog1/page.html')) but i want to get the parent dir location: a |---b.py |---templates |--------blog1 |-------page.html and how to get the a location thanks

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  • Books on Debugging Techniques?

    - by zooropa
    Are there any books on debugging techniques? A friend of mine is learning to code and he asked me this question. I told him I don't know of any. Is it that you just have to go through the School of Hard Knocks to learn?

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  • Why C++ is (one of) the best language to learn at first [closed]

    - by AlexV
    C++ is one of the most used programming language in the world since like 25+ years. My first job as programmer was in C++ and I coded in C++ everyday for nearly 4 years. Now I do mostly PHP, but I will forever cherish this C++ background. C++ has helped me understand many "under the hood" features/behaviors/restrictions of many other (and different) programming languages like PHP and Delphi. I'm a full time programmer for 6+ years now and since I have a quite varied programming background I often get questions by "newbies" as where to start to become a "good" programmer. I think C++ is one of the best language to start with because it gives you a real usefull experience that will last and will teach you how things work under the hood. It's not the easier one to learn for a newbie, but in my opinion it's the one who will reward the most in long term. I would like to know your opinion on this matter to add to my arguments when I guide "newbies". After this introduction, here's my question : Why C++ is for you (one of) the best language to learn at first. Since it's subjective, I've marked this question as community wiki.

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  • Trying to reinvent the wheel of StackOverflow to have a good learning experience. Need some suggesti

    - by Legend
    I want to learn and am not able to do it unless I have a real "mission" to complete. SO is my favorite and I can't imagine a better experience than actually recreating it but not in ASP. I'd like to use PHP+MySQL+jQuery. So far, I have been a self-taught programmer but I would like to master one paradigm that forces you to adhere to the standards. For instance, recently, jQuery forced me to use some "rules". The plugins were supposed to be written in a particular way and that's it. When I started off, everything seemed like Greek and Latin but when I finished a very small plugin, I felt really happy because it forced me to program in a certain way. I am looking for something like this only in a larger project. I've heard a lot about MVC and all but I am confused about the various frameworks out there. Zend seems awesome but looks heavy at the same time and also requires you to have a lot more control over the web-server whereas CakePHP is a good and a fast framework that needs only little control. Do I use one of these or just write my own MVC? I have the following goals: Goals: Site should be fast - I know this depends on my coding skills but I will learn on my way. The framework itself should not slow me down) Setting up the site should not require you to use command-line - This requirement is ok during development. But some frameworks like Symphony require you to initialize certain things through command-line Should support pluggable modules - For instance, if I want to be able to use the FCK editor, I should be able to organize things in a good way. Should be possible to extend - For instance, SO is mainly a Q&A site but I should be able to logically extend it into an Idea Management System (optional but I'm curious). This goes more into code re-usability I guess. I am comfortable with MySQL so I should be done with database design etc. with some serious effort. As for PHP, I can write code on my own but haven't really used any frameworks that much. jQuery, I started off recently and love it. I would be glad if someone can guide me during these initial steps. Precisely, when designing something like SO, I have the following questions: Do I use a framework? If yes, should it be MVC? If MVC, which one is a good and a scalable one? (I'd love something like jQuery that will not die anytime soon) How do I balance the functionality? The same logic can sometimes be made server centric or client centric. (more Ajax?). Is it a good idea to make a heavy javascript site considering the recent advances on client-side JS processing? Just in case anyone is wondering, I am not interested in commercializing any of this. I need a reason to learn something :)

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  • How to provide global functionality in multi-user database app

    - by Mike B
    I have been building a multi-user database application (in C#/WPF 4.0) that manages tasks for all employees of a company. I now need to add some functionality such as sending an email reminder to someone when a critical task is due. How should this be done? Obviously I don’t want every instance of the program to be performing this function (Heh each user would get 10+ emails). Should I add the capability to the application as a "Mode" and then run a copy on the database server in this mode or would it be better to create a new app altogether to perform "Global" type tasks? Is there a better way?

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  • List in a Python class shares the same object over 2 different instances?

    - by zfranciscus
    I created a class: class A: aList = [] now I have function that instantiate this class and add items into the aList. note: there are 2 items for item in items: a = A(); a.aList.append(item); I find that the first A and the second A object has the same number of items in their aList. I would expect that the first A object will have the first item in its list and the second A object will have the second item in its aList. Can anyone explain how this happens ? PS: I manage to solve this problem by moving the aList inside a constructor : def __init__(self): self.aList = []; but I am still curious about this behavior

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