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  • What are good uses for Python3's "Function Annotations"

    - by agscala
    Function Annotations: PEP-3107 I ran across a snippet of code demonstrating Python3's function annotations. The concept is simple but I can't think of why these were implemented in Python3 or any good uses for them. Perhaps SO can enlighten me? How it works: def foo(a: 'x', b: 5 + 6, c: list) -> max(2, 9): ... function body ... Everything following the colon after an argument is an 'annotation', and the information following the -> is an annotation for the function's return value. foo.func_annotations would return a dictionary: {'a': 'x', 'b': 11, 'c': list, 'return': 9} What's the significance of having this available?

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  • Toggle Image Overlays in Google Maps API v3

    - by Douglas
    Hey guys. I've been building a small library for myself for a job I have at the moment building a map for a university. I've gotten pretty well everything I need in some basic form, but one thing has simply not been working, and is simply not giving me results. The university itself is sort of in a partnership with the neighboring college. It's been decided that both campuses should be included. I need to be able to toggle on/off the overlays of the campuses individually. i.e. Start with all campuses ON. User then turns OFF college campus, university overlay stays up. User can then turn it back on to display the college once more, or turn off the university as well, leaving no overlays. Here's a work in progress I'm doing at the moment: http://bgsweb.ca/maps/generator.html Basically, we need to take the one overlay, split it into multiple overlays, and enable the toggling of each individual overlay. Any assistance much appreciated!

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  • Template class + virtual function = must implement?

    - by sold
    This code: template <typename T> struct A { T t; void DoSomething() { t.SomeFunction(); } }; struct B { }; A<B> a; is easily compiled without any complaints, as long as I never call a.DoSomething(). However, if I define DoSomething as a virtual function, I will get a compile error saying that B doesn't declare SomeFunction. I can somewhat see why it happens (DoSomething should now have an entry in the vtable), but I can't help feeling that it's not really obligated. Plus it sucks. Is there any way to overcome this? EDIT 2: Okay. I hope this time it makes sence: Let's say I am doing intrusive ref count, so all entities must inherit from base class Object. How can I suuport primitive types too? I can define: template <typename T> class Primitive : public Object { T value; public: Primitive(const T &value=T()); operator T() const; Primitive<T> &operator =(const T &value); Primitive<T> &operator +=(const T &value); Primitive<T> &operator %=(const T &value); // And so on... }; so I can use Primitive<int>, Primitive<char>... But how about Primitive<float>? It seems like a problem, because floats don't have a %= operator. But actually, it isn't, since I'll never call operator %= on Primitive<float>. That's one of the deliberate features of templates. If, for some reason, I would define operator %= as virtual. Or, if i'll pre-export Primitive<float> from a dll to avoid link errors, the compiler will complain even if I never call operator %= on a Primitive<float>. If it would just have fill in a dummy value for operator %= in Primitive<float>'s vtable (that raises an exception?), everything would have been fine.

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  • how to interleaving lists

    - by user2829177
    I have two lists that could be not equal in lengths and I want to be able to interleave them. I want to be able to append the extra values in the longer list at the end of my interleaved list.I have this: a=xs b=ys minlength=[len(a),len(b)] extralist= list() interleave= list() for i in range((minval(minlength))): pair=a[i],b[i] interleave.append(pair) flat=flatten(interleave) c=a+b if len(b)>len(a): remainder=len(c)-len(a) for j in range(-remainder): extra=remainder[j] extralist.append(extra) if len(a)>len(b): remainder=len(c)-len(b) for j in range(-remainder): extra=remainder[j] final=flat+extralist return final but if I test it: >>> interleave([1,2,3], ["hi", "bye",True, False, 33]) [1, 'hi', 2, 'bye', 3, True] >>> The False and 33 don't appear. What is it that Im doing wrong?

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  • Javascript function programming — receiving elaborate parameters

    - by Barney
    I'm writing a Javascript function that would manipulate an array written on-the-fly and sent as a parameter. The function is written as follows: function returnJourney(animation,clean){ var properties = {}; // loads of other inane stuff for(i in animation[0]) properties[animation[0][i]] = animation[0].i; // heaps more inane stuff } The animation in question is a set of parameters for a jQuery animation. Typically it takes the format of ({key:value,key:value},speedAsInteger,modifierAsString). So to kick off initial debugging I call it with: returnJouney(({'foo':'bar'},3000),1); And straight off the bat things are way off. As far as I see it this would have returnJourney acknowledge clean === 1, and animation being an array with an object as its first child and the number 3000 as its second. Firebug tells me animation evaluates as the number 3000. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Can I execute a "variable statements" within a function and without defines.

    - by René Nyffenegger
    I am facing a problem that I cannot see how it is solvable without #defines or incuring a performance impact although I am sure that someone can point me to a solution. I have an algorithm that sort of produces a (large) series of values. For simplicity's sake, in the following I pretend it's a for loop in a for loop, although in my code it's more complex than that. In the core of the loop I need to do calculations with the values being produced. Although the algorithm for the values stays the same, the calculations vary. So basically, what I have is: void normal() { // "Algorithm" producing numbers (x and y): for (int x=0 ; x<1000 ; x++) { for (int y=0 ; y<1000 ; y++) { // Calculation with numbers being produced: if ( x+y == 800 && y > 790) { std::cout << x << ", " << y << std::endl; } // end of calculation }} } So, the only part I need to change is if ( x+y == 800 && y > 790) { std::cout << x << ", " << y << std::endl; } So, in order to solve that, I could construct an abstract base class: class inner_0 { public: virtual void call(int x, int y) = 0; }; and derive a "callable" class from it: class inner : public inner_0 { public: virtual void call(int x, int y) { if ( x+y == 800 && y > 790) { std::cout << x << ", " << y << std::endl; } } }; I can then pass an instance of the class to the "algorithm" like so: void O(inner i) { for (int x=0 ; x<1000 ; x++) { for (int y=0 ; y<1000 ; y++) { i.call(x,y); }} } // somewhere else.... inner I; O(I); In my case, I incur a performance hit because there is an indirect call via virtual function table. So I was thinking about a way around it. It's possible with two #defines: #define OUTER \ for (int x=0 ; x<1000 ; x++) { \ for (int y=0 ; y<1000 ; y++) { \ INNER \ }} // later... #define INNER \ if (x + y == 800 && y > 790) \ std::cout << x << ", " << y << std::endl; OUTER While this certainly works, I am not 100% happy with it because I don't necessarly like #defines. So, my question: is there a better way for what I want to achieve?

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  • What are parts of a PHP function named?

    - by MikeG
    I am having trouble figuring out a problem and it is because I don't know the correct terms to be searching for. Could someone please name all the parts of a PHP function and if I'm missing something please add it. function my_function( non_variable $variable_one, $variable_two = "", $variable_three ) { /* inside stuff (Statement?) */ } The answer I'm looking for would look something like this function: declaration my_function: name non_variable: Please Answer $variable_one: variable filled with non_variable The one I really need to know about are non_variable and $variable_one, Thanks! EDIT: more detail about the function function my_function(custom_name $company) { $website = $company->company_website; /* Additional stuff */ }

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  • Average of a Sum in Mysql query

    - by chupeman
    I am having some problems creating a query that gives me the average of a sum. I read a few examples here in stackoverflow and couldn't do it. Can anyone help me to understand how to do this please? This is the data I have: Basically I need the average transaction value by cashier. I can't run a basic avg because it will take all rows but each transaction can have multiple rows. At the end I want to have: Cashier| Average| 131 | 44.31 |(Which comes from the sum divided by 3 transactions not 5 rows) 130 | 33.15 | etc. This is the query I have to SUM the transactions but don't know how or where to include the AVG function. SELECT `products`.`Transaction_x0020_Number`, Sum(`products`.`Sales_x0020_Value`) AS `SUM of Sales_x0020_Value`, `products`.`Cashier` FROM `products` GROUP BY `products`.`Transaction_x0020_Number`, `products`.`Date`, `products`.`Cashier` HAVING (`products`.`Date` ={d'2010-06-04'}) Any help is appreciated.

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  • How to call virtual function of an object in C++

    - by SoonDead
    I'm struggling with calling a virtual function in C++. I'm not experienced in C++, I mainly use C# and Java so I might have some delusions, but bear with me. I have to write a program where I have to avoid dynamic memory allocation if possible. I have made a class called List: template <class T> class List { public: T items[maxListLength]; int length; List() { length = 0; } T get(int i) const { if (i >= 0 && i < length) { return items[i]; } else { throw "Out of range!"; } }; // set the value of an already existing element void set(int i, T p) { if (i >= 0 && i < length) { items[i] = p; } else { throw "Out of range!"; } } // returns the index of the element int add(T p) { if (length >= maxListLength) { throw "Too many points!"; } items[length] = p; return length++; } // removes and returns the last element; T pop() { if (length > 0) { return items[--length]; } else { throw "There is no element to remove!"; } } }; It just makes an array of the given type, and manages the length of it. There is no need for dynamic memory allocation, I can just write: List<Object> objects; MyObject obj; objects.add(obj); MyObject inherits form Object. Object has a virtual function which is supposed to be overridden in MyObject: struct Object { virtual float method(const Input& input) { return 0.0f; } }; struct MyObject: public Object { virtual float method(const Input& input) { return 1.0f; } }; I get the elements as: objects.get(0).method(asdf); The problem is that even though the first element is a MyObject, the Object's method function is called. I'm guessing there is something wrong with storing the object in an array of Objects without dynamically allocating memory for the MyObject, but I'm not sure. Is there a way to call MyObject's method function? How? It's supposed to be a heterogeneous collection btw, so that's why the inheritance is there in the first place. If there is no way to call the MyObject's method function, then how should I make my list in the first place?

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  • How do you return a string from a function correctly in Dynamic C?

    - by aquanar
    I have a program I am trying to debug, but Dynamic C apparently treats strings differently than normal C does (well, character arrays, anyway). I have a function that I made to make an 8 character long (well, 10 to include the \0 ) string of 0s and 1s to show me the contents of an 8-bit char variable. (IE, I give it the number 13, it returns the string "0001101\0" ) When I use the code below, it prints out !{happy face] 6 times (well, the second one is the happy face alone for some reason), each return comes back as 0xDEAE or "!\x02. I thought it would dereference it and return the appropriate string, but it appears to just be sending the pointer and attempting to parse it. This may seem silly, but my experience was actually in C++ and Java, so going back to C brings up a few issues that were dealt with in later programming languages that I'm not entirely sure how to deal with (like the lack of string variables). How could I fix this code, or how would be a better way to do what I am trying to do (I thought maybe sending in a pointer to a character array and working on it from the function might work, but I thought I should ask to see if maybe I'm just trying to reinvent the wheel). Currently I have it set up like this: this is an excerpt from the main() display[0] = '\0'; for(i=0;i<6;i++) { sprintf(s, "%s ", *char_to_bits(buffer[i])); strcat(display, s); } DispStr(8,5, display); and this is the offending function: char *char_to_bits(char x) { char bits[16]; strcpy(bits,"00000000\0"); if (x & 0x01) bits[7]='1'; if (x & 0x02) bits[6]='1'; if (x & 0x04) bits[5]='1'; if (x & 0x08) bits[4]='1'; if (x & 0x10) bits[3]='1'; if (x & 0x20) bits[2]='1'; if (x & 0x40) bits[1]='1'; if (x & 0x80) bits[0]='1'; return bits; } and just for the sake of completion, the other function is used to output to the stdio window at a specific location: void DispStr(int x, int y, char *s) { x += 0x20; y += 0x20; printf ("\x1B=%c%c%s", x, y, s); }

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  • Making a function for selecting from MySQL, how is mine?

    - by Doug
    This is my first time. I will appreciate any thoughts, tips, and what not. How can I improve this? Ultimately, I don't want so many selects in my script. function mysqlSelectCodes($table, $where, $order, $limit) { $sql = "SELECT * FROM $table WHERE $where ORDER BY $order LIMIT $limit" or die(mysql_error()); }

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  • Use subform record set as domain argument in DAvg()

    - by harto
    Is it possible to use a subform's 'current' record set as the domain argument to DAvg() (etc.)? Basically, I have a subform that displays a subset of records from a query. I would like to run DAvg() over this subset. This is how I've gotten around it: =DAvg([FieldToAvg], [SubformQuery], "ChildField=Forms.MasterForm.MasterField And FieldToAvg > 0") but what I actually want is something like: =DAvg([FieldToAvg], [SubformCurrentlyDisplayedData], "FieldToAvg > 0") Is this possible in Access 2007?

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  • C++ header file and function declaration ending in "= 0"

    - by Adam
    hi, I have the following code inside the .h file and I'm not sure what does the assignment statement do and how is it called properly? virtual void yield() = 0; I thought that the function returns a value of 0 by default but since this function returns void I am a little bit confused. Can anyone comment on this and maybe say how can I refer to this assignment, I mean how is it called in C++ jargon? Thanks.

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  • Question on Virtual Methods

    - by bobber205
    IF both methods are declared as virtual, shouldn't both instances of Method1() that are called be the derived class's Method1()? I am seeing BASE then DERIVED called each time. I am doing some review for an interview and I want to make sure I have this straight. xD class BaseClass { public: virtual void Method1() { cout << "Method 1 BASE" << endl; } }; class DerClass: public BaseClass { public: virtual void Method1() { cout << "Method 1 DERVIED" << endl; } }; DerClass myClass; ((BaseClass)myClass).Method1(); myClass.Method1(); Method 1 BASE Method 1 DERVIED

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  • Is it possible to have a variadic function in C with no non-variadic parameter?

    - by Tim
    I have the following function: void doStuff(int unusedParameter, ...) { va_list params; va_start(params, unusedParameter); /* ... */ va_end(params); } As part of a refactor, I'd like to remove the unused parameter without otherwise changing the implementation of the function. As far as I can tell, it's impossible to use va_start when you don't have a last non-variadic parameter to refer to. Is there any way around this? Background: It is in fact a C++ program, so I could use some operator-overloading magic as suggested here, but I was hoping not to have to change the interface at this point. The existing function does its work by requiring that the variable argument list be null-terminated, and scanning for the NULL, therefore it doesn't need a leading argument to tell it how many arguments it has.

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  • MySQL COUNT() total posts within a specific criteria?

    - by newbtophp
    Hey, I've been losing my hair trying to figure out what I'm doing wrong, let me explain abit about my MySQL structure (so you get a better understanding) before I go straight to the question. I have a simple PHP forum and I have a column in both tables (for posts and topics) named 'deleted' if it equals 0 that means its displayed (considered not deleted/exists) or if it equals 1 it hidden (considered deleted/doesn't exist) - bool/lean. Now, the 'specific criteria' I'm on about...I'm wanting to get a total post count within a specific forum using its id (forum_id), ensuring it only counts posts which are not deleted (deleted = 0) and their parent topics are not deleted either (deleted = 0). The column/table names are self explanatory (see my efforts below for them - if needed). I've tried the following (using a 'simple' JOIN): SELECT COUNT(t1.post_id) FROM forum_posts AS t1, forum_topics AS t2 WHERE t1.forum_id = '{$forum_id}' AND t1.deleted = 0 AND t1.topic_id = t2.topic_id AND t2.deleted = 0 LIMIT 1 I've also tried this (using a Subquery): SELECT COUNT(t1.post_id) FROM forum_posts AS t1 WHERE t1.forum_id = '{$forum_id}' AND t1.deleted = 0 AND (SELECT deleted FROM forum_topics WHERE topic_id = t1.topic_id) = 0 LIMIT 1 But both don't comply with the specific criteria. Appreciate all help! :)

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  • Why I have to redeclare a virtual function while overriding [C++]

    - by Neeraj
    #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Duck { public: virtual void quack() = 0; }; class BigDuck : public Duck { public: // void quack(); (uncommenting will make it compile) }; void BigDuck::quack(){ cout << "BigDuckDuck::Quack\n"; } int main() { BigDuck b; Duck *d = &b; d->quack(); } Consider this code, the code doesn't compiles. However when I declare the virtual function in the subclass, then it compiles fine. The compiler already has the signature of the function which the subclass will override, then why a redeclaration is required? Any insights.

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  • C ++ virtual function

    - by user2950788
    masters of C++. I am trying to implement polymorphism in C++. I want to write a base class with a virtual function and then redefine that function in the child class. then demonstrate dynamic binding in my driver program. But I just couldn't get it to work. I know how to do it in C#, so I figured that I might have made some syntactical mistakes where I had used C#'s syntax in my C++ code, but these mistakes are not obvious to me at all. So I'd greatly appreciate it if you would correct my mistakes. class polyTest { public: polyTest(); virtual void type(); virtual ~polyTest(); }; void polyTest::type() { cout << "first gen"; } class polyChild: public polyTest { public: void type(); }; void polyChild::type() { cout << "second gen"; } int main() { polyChild * ptr1; polyChild * ptr2; ptr1 = new polyTest(); ptr2 = new polyChild(); ptr1 -> type(); ptr2 -> type(); }

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  • jQuery .toggle() not working as expected with second function?!

    - by Christopher
    I'm trying to create a button to show / hide a div below it, all is working fine, I'm just struggling with the last bit! I need to distinguish wether it's a show or hide action so I can pass the variable elsewhere, here's what I have.. $(this).find('.hide-close').click( function() { $(this).siblings('.dragbox-content').toggle(function() { alert($(this).parent().attr("id") + ' Show'); },function() { alert($(this).parent().attr("id") + ' Hide'); } ); }) .end() }); If use the following code, taking out the second function within toggle(), it works?! But then I don't have a show / hide variable. $(this).find('.hide-close').click( function() { $(this).siblings('.dragbox-content').toggle(function() { alert($(this).parent().attr("id") + ' Show'); } ); }) .end() }); Thanks in advance for any help, hopefully it's something really simple I just can't see! :)

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  • Fetch Products Grouped By Total Sales ?

    - by David
    Hi, I have the following MySQL tables: TABLE: Products ---------------------- id | productname 1030 | xBox 360 1031 | PlayStation 3 1032 | iPod Touche TABLE: Sales ---------------------- productid | saledate 1031 | 2010-06-14 06:30:12 1031 | 2010-06-14 08:54:38 1030 | 2010-06-14 08:58:10 1032 | 2010-06-14 10:12:47 I want to fetch using php the products i sold today and groupe them by sales number and order by sale date (if possible) , example of Output: Today's statistics: -Playstation 3 (2 sales) -Xbox 360 (1 sale) -iPod Touche (1 sale) Thanks

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  • Dynamic SQL and Funtions

    - by Unlimited071
    Hi all, is there any way of accomplishing something like the following: CREATE FUNCTION GetQtyFromID ( @oricod varchar(15), @ccocod varchar(15), @ocmnum int, @oinnum int, @acmnum int, @acttip char(2), @unisim varchar(15) ) AS BEGIN DECLARE @Result decimal(18,8) DECLARE @SQLString nvarchar(max); DECLARE @ParmDefinition nvarchar(max); --I need to execute a query stored in a cell which returns the calculated qty. --i.e of AcuQry: select @cant = sum(smt) from table where oricod = @oricod and ... SELECT @SQLString = AcuQry FROM OinActUni WHERE (OriCod = @oricod) AND (ActTipCod = @acttip) AND (UniSim = @unisim) AND (AcuEst > 0) SET @ParmDefinition = N' @oricod varchar(15), @ccocod varchar(15), @ocmnum int, @oinnum int, @acmnum int, @cant decimal(18,8) output'; EXECUTE sp_executesql @SQLString, @ParmDefinition, @oricod = @oricod, @ccocod = @ccocod, @ocmnum = @ocmnum, @oinnum = @oinnum, @acmnum = @acmnum, @cant = @result OUTPUT; RETURN @Result END The problem with this approach is that it is prohibited to execute sp_excutesql in a function... What I need is to do something like: select id, getQtyFromID(id) as qty from table The main idea is to execute a query stored in a table cell, this is because the qty of something depends on it's unit. the unit can be days or it can be metric tons, so there is no relation between the units, therefore the need of a specific query for each unit.

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  • How to run jQuery onClick? Need to pass a variable to run .ajax

    - by user205307
    I'm trying to run .ajax and insert a data element from the onClick of an item from the page. Whats the best way to do this? Something like this: function grabinfo(foo){ $.ajax({ url: "infospitter", method: "GET", data: "id="+foo, success: function(html){ $(#showstuff).html(html); } }); } <input onClick="javascript:grabinfo(18343)" /> // and on page each item will have this button input

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  • How to override virtual function in good style? [C++]

    - by Knowing me knowing you
    Hi, guys I know this question is very basic but I've met in few publications (websites, books) different style of override virtual function. What I mean is: if I have base class: class Base { public: virtual void f() = 0; }; in some publications I saw that to override this some authors would just say: void f(); and some would still repeat the virtual keyword before void. Which form of overwriting is in good style? Thank you for your answers.

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