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• What was the single byte change to port WordStar from CP/M to DOS?

  - by amarillion

  I was re-reading Joel's Strategy Letter II: Chicken and Egg problems and came across this fun quote: In fact, WordStar was ported to DOS by changing one single byte in the code. (Real Programmers can tell you what that byte was, I've long since forgotten). I couldn't find any other references to this with a quick Google search. Is this true or just a figure of speech? In the interest of my quest to become a "Real Programmer", what was the single byte change?

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• If .net sha1 hash expects a byte array, and php sha1() wants a string, can I match the results?

  - by lynn

  I have a set of bytes I want to apply an sha1 hash to. One hash will be in .net, the other in PHP. Then I'll test to see if they match. In .net, you can create a byte array and use sha.ComputeHash(). byte[] data = new byte[DATA_SIZE]; byte[] result; SHA1 sha = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider(); // This is one implementation of the abstract class SHA1. result = sha.ComputeHash(data); In PHP, you call sha1($string). I can't do anything about the .net side of the code, but how can I get the same hash out of PHP that .net will generate? Please note: I am ONLY able to work on the PHP side of this. The .net stuff is fixed and can't be modified. Thanks!

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• What is fastest way to convert bool to byte?

  - by Amir Rezaei

  What is fastest way to convert bool to byte? I want this mapping: False=0, True=1 Note: I don't want to use any if statement. Update: I don't want to use conditional statement. I don't want the CPU to halt or guess next statement. I want to optimize this code: private static string ByteArrayToHex(byte[] barray) { char[] c = new char[barray.Length * 2]; byte k; for (int i = 0; i < barray.Length; ++i) { k = ((byte)(barray[i] >> 4)); c[i * 2] = (char)(k > 9 ? k + 0x37 : k + 0x30); k = ((byte)(barray[i] & 0xF)); c[i * 2 + 1] = (char)(k > 9 ? k + 0x37 : k + 0x30); } return new string(c); } Update: The length of the array is very large, it's in terabyte order! Therefore I need to do optimization if possible. I shouldn't need to explain my self. The question is still valid. Update: I'm working on a project and looking at others code. That's why I didn't provide with the function at first place. I didn't want to spend time on explaining for people when they have opinion about the code. I shouldn’y need to provide in my question the background of my work, and a function that is not written by me. I have started to optimize it part by part. If I needed help with the whole function I would asked that in another question. That is why I asked this very simple at the beginning. Unfortunately people couldn’t keep themselves to the question. So please if you want to help answer the question. Update: For dose who want to see the point of this question. This example shows how two if statement are reduced from the code. byte A = k > 9 ; //If it was possible (k>9) == 0 || 1 c[i * 2] = A * (k + 0x30) - (A - 1) * (k + 0x30);

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• How to create an image from a 2-dimensional byte array?

  - by Manoj

  Hi all, In my project after long process, i got a 2 dimensional byte array from the IR camera. The byte array holds image in it... How to convert that byte array to image in C#.. I know that by MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(byteArray); System.drawing.Image im = Image.FromStream(ms); We can pass 1 dimensional array and convert it into image.. If i pass 2 dimensional array as a single dimensional array.. it shows error.. How to rectify it..???? or else how to convert 2 dimensional byte array to image...??? Thank you!!

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• How to copy one Stream to a byte array with the smallest C# code?

  - by estourodepilha.com

  Until now I am counting 12 LoCs. Could you make it smaller? using (Stream fileStream = File.OpenRead(fileName)) { using (BinaryReader binaryReader = new BinaryReader(fileStream)) { using (MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream()) { byte[] buffer = new byte[256]; int count; int totalBytes = 0; while ((count = binaryReader.Read(buffer, 0, 256)) > 0) { memoryStream.Write(buffer, 0, count); totalBytes += count; } memoryStream.Position = 0; byte[] transparentPng = new byte[totalBytes]; memoryStream.Read(transparentPng, 0, totalBytes); } } }

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• Converting byte[] of binary fixed point to floating point value?

  - by Sean Donohue

  I'm reading some data over a socket. The integral data types are no trouble, the System.BitConverter methods are correctly handling the conversion. (So there are no Endian issues to worry about, I think?) However, BitConverter.ToDouble isn't working for the floating point parts of the data...the source specification is a bit low level for me, but talks about a binary fixed point representation with a positive byte offset in the more significant direction and negative byte offset in the less significant direction. Most of the research I've done has been aimed at C++ or a full fixed-point library handling sines and cosines, which sounds like overkill for this problem. Could someone please help me with a C# function to produce a float from 8 bytes of a byte array with, say, a -3 byte offset?

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• Best way to convert Stream (of unknown length) to byte array, in .NET?

  - by Frank Hamming

  Hello, I have the following code to read data from a Stream (in this case, from a named pipe) and into a byte array: // NPSS is an instance of NamedPipeServerStream int BytesRead; byte[] StreamBuffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; // defined elsewhere (less than total possible message size, though) MemoryStream MessageStream = new MemoryStream(); do { BytesRead = NPSS.Read(StreamBuffer, 0, StreamBuffer.Length); MessageStream.Write(StreamBuffer, 0, BytesRead); } while (!NPSS.IsMessageComplete); byte[] Message = MessageStream.ToArray(); // final data Could you please take a look and let me know if it can be done more efficiently or neatly? Seems a bit messy as it is, using a MemoryStream. Thanks!

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• Is it necessary to read every single byte to check if a copied file is identical to the original?

  - by Koen027

  I recently learned of a program called Total Commander. It's a Windows Explorer replacement and has its own stuff to copy files. To check whether the files are identical, instead of calculation a CRC, it literally checks every single byte, one at a time, on both the original and the copy. My question is: Is this necessary? Can CRC or any other such technique go wrong? Should you, as a programmer, try and implement this perfect but slow system, or is it too extreme?

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• Using SPServices &amp; jQuery to Find My Stuff from Multi-Select Person/Group Field

  - by Mark Rackley

  Okay… quick blog post for all you SPServices fans out there. I needed to quickly write a script that would return all the tasks currently assigned to me.  I also wanted it to return any task that was assigned to a group I belong to. This can actually be done with a CAML query, so no big deal, right?  The rub is that the “assigned to” field is a multi-select person or group field. As far as I know (and I actually know so little) you cannot just write a CAML query to return this information. If you can, please leave a comment below and disregard the rest of this blog post… So… what’s a hacker to do? As always, I break things down to their most simple components (I really love the KISS principle and would get it tattooed on my back if people wouldn’t think it meant “Knights In Satan’s Service”. You really gotta be an old far to get that reference).  Here’s what we’re going to do: Get currently logged in user’s name as it is stored in a person field Find all the SharePoint groups the current user belongs to Retrieve a set of assigned tasks from the task list and then find those that are assigned to current  user or group current user belongs to Nothing too hairy… So let’s get started Some Caveats before I continue There are some obvious performance implications with this solution as I make a total of four SPServices calls and there’s a lot of looping going on. Also, the CAML query in this blog has NOT been optimized. If you move forward with this code, tweak it so that it returns a further subset of data or you will see horrible performance if you have a few hundred entries in your task list. Add a date range to the CAML or something. Find some way to limit the results as much as possible. Lastly, if you DO have a better solution, I would like you to share. Iron sharpens iron and all…   Alright, let’s really get started. Get currently logged in user’s name as it is stored in a person field First thing we need to do is understand how a person group looks when you look at the XML returned from a SharePoint Web Service call. It turns out it’s stored like any other multi select item in SharePoint which is <id>;#<value> and when you assign a person to that field the <value> equals the person’s name “Mark Rackley” in my case. This is for Windows Authentication, I would expect this to be different in FBA, but I’m not using FBA. If you want to know what it looks like with FBA you can use the code in this blog and strategically place an alert to see the value.  Anyway… I need to find the name of the user who is currently logged in as it is stored in the person field. This turns out to be one SPServices call: var userName = $().SPServices.SPGetCurrentUser({                     fieldName: "Title",                     debug: false                     }); As you can see, the “Title” field has the information we need. I suspect (although again, I haven’t tried) that the Title field also contains the user’s name as we need it if I was using FBA. Okay… last thing we need to do is store our users name in an array for processing later: myGroups = new Array(); myGroups.push(userName); Find all the SharePoint groups the current user belongs to Now for the groups. How are groups returned in that XML stream?  Same as the person <ID>;#<Group Name>, and if it’s a mutli select it’s all returned in one big long string “<ID>;#<Group Name>;#<ID>;#<Group Name>;#<ID>;#<Group Name>;#<ID>;#<Group Name>;#<ID>;#<Group Name>”.  So, how do we find all the groups the current user belongs to? This is also a simple SPServices call. Using the “GetGroupCollectionFromUser” operation we can find all the groups a user belongs to. So, let’s execute this method and store all our groups. $().SPServices({       operation: "GetGroupCollectionFromUser",       userLoginName: $().SPServices.SPGetCurrentUser(),       async: false,       completefunc: function(xData, Status) {          $(xData.responseXML).find("[nodeName=Group]").each(function() {                 myGroups.push($(this).attr("Name"));          });         }     }); So, all we did in the above code was execute the “GetGroupCollectionFromUser” operation and look for the each “Group” node (row) and store the name for each group in our array that we put the user’s name in previously (myGroups). Now we have an array that contains the current user’s name as it will appear in the person field XML and  all the groups the current user belongs to. The Rest Now comes the easy part for all of you familiar with SPServices. We are going to retrieve our tasks from the Task list using “GetListItems” and look at each entry to see if it belongs to this person. If it does belong to this person we are going to store it for later processing. That code looks something like this: // get list of assigned tasks that aren't closed... *modify the CAML to perform better!*             $().SPServices({                   operation: "GetListItems",                   async: false,                   listName: "Tasks",                   CAMLViewFields: "<ViewFields>" +                             "<FieldRef Name='AssignedTo' />" +                             "<FieldRef Name='Title' />" +                             "<FieldRef Name='StartDate' />" +                             "<FieldRef Name='EndDate' />" +                             "<FieldRef Name='Status' />" +                             "</ViewFields>",                   CAMLQuery: "<Query><Where><And><IsNotNull><FieldRef Name='AssignedTo'/></IsNotNull><Neq><FieldRef Name='Status'/><Value Type='Text'>Completed</Value></Neq></And></Where></Query>",                     completefunc: function (xData, Status) {                         var aDataSet = new Array();                        //loop through each returned Task                         $(xData.responseXML).find("[nodeName=z:row]").each(function() {                             //store the multi-select string of who task is assigned to                             var assignedToString = $(this).attr("ows_AssignedTo");                             found = false;                            //loop through the persons name and all the groups they belong to                             for(var i=0; i<myGroups.length; i++) {                                 //if the person's name or group exists in the assigned To string                                 //then the task is assigned to them                                 if (assignedToString.indexOf(myGroups[i]) >= 0){                                     found = true;                                     break;                                 }                             }                             //if the Task belongs to this person then store or display it                             //(I'm storing it in an array)                             if (found){                                 var thisName = $(this).attr("ows_Title");                                 var thisStartDate = $(this).attr("ows_StartDate");                                 var thisEndDate = $(this).attr("ows_EndDate");                                 var thisStatus = $(this).attr("ows_Status");                                                                  var aDataRow=new Array(                                     thisName,                                     thisStartDate,                                     thisEndDate,                                     thisStatus);                                 aDataSet.push(aDataRow);                             }                          });                          SomeFunctionToDisplayData(aDataSet);                     }                 }); Some notes on why I did certain things and additional caveats. You will notice in my code that I’m doing an AssignedToString.indexOf(GroupName) to see if the task belongs to the person. This could possibly return bad results if you have SharePoint Group names that are named in such a way that the “IndexOf” returns a false positive.  For example if you have a Group called “My Users” and a group called “My Users – SuperUsers” then if a user belonged to “My Users” it would return a false positive on executing “My Users – SuperUsers”.IndexOf(“My Users”). Make sense? Just be aware of this when naming groups, we don’t have this problem. This is where also some fine-tuning can probably be done by those smarter than me. This is a pretty inefficient method to determine if a task belongs to a user, I mean what if a user belongs to 20 groups? That’s a LOT of looping.  See all the opportunities I give you guys to do something fun?? Also, why am I storing my values in an array instead of just writing them out to a Div? Well.. I want to pass my data to a jQuery library to format it all nice and pretty and an Array is a great way to do that. When all is said and done and we put all the code together it looks like:   $(document).ready(function() {         var userName = $().SPServices.SPGetCurrentUser({                     fieldName: "Title",                     debug: false                     });         myGroups = new Array();     myGroups.push(userName );       $().SPServices({       operation: "GetGroupCollectionFromUser",       userLoginName: $().SPServices.SPGetCurrentUser(),       async: false,       completefunc: function(xData, Status) {          $(xData.responseXML).find("[nodeName=Group]").each(function() {                 myGroups.push($(this).attr("Name"));          });                      // get list of assigned tasks that aren't closed... *modify this CAML to perform better!*             $().SPServices({                   operation: "GetListItems",                   async: false,                   listName: "Tasks",                   CAMLViewFields: "<ViewFields>" +                             "<FieldRef Name='AssignedTo' />" +                             "<FieldRef Name='Title' />" +                             "<FieldRef Name='StartDate' />" +                             "<FieldRef Name='EndDate' />" +                             "<FieldRef Name='Status' />" +                             "</ViewFields>",                   CAMLQuery: "<Query><Where><And><IsNotNull><FieldRef Name='AssignedTo'/></IsNotNull><Neq><FieldRef Name='Status'/><Value Type='Text'>Completed</Value></Neq></And></Where></Query>",                     completefunc: function (xData, Status) {                         var aDataSet = new Array();                         //loop through each returned Task                         $(xData.responseXML).find("[nodeName=z:row]").each(function() {                             //store the multi-select string of who task is assigned to                             var assignedToString = $(this).attr("ows_AssignedTo");                             found = false;                            //loop through the persons name and all the groups they belong to                             for(var i=0; i<myGroups.length; i++) {                                 //if the person's name or group exists in the assigned To string                                 //then the task is assigned to them                                 if (assignedToString.indexOf(myGroups[i]) >= 0){                                     found = true;                                     break;                                 }                             }                            //if the Task belongs to this person then store or display it                             //(I'm storing it in an array)                             if (found){                                 var thisName = $(this).attr("ows_Title");                                 var thisStartDate = $(this).attr("ows_StartDate");                                 var thisEndDate = $(this).attr("ows_EndDate");                                 var thisStatus = $(this).attr("ows_Status");                                                                  var aDataRow=new Array(                                     thisName,                                     thisStartDate,                                     thisEndDate,                                     thisStatus);                                 aDataSet.push(aDataRow);                             }                          });                          SomeFunctionToDisplayData(aDataSet);                     }                 });       }    });  }); Final Thoughts So, there you have it. Take it and run with it. Make it something cool (and tell me how you did it). Another possible way to improve performance in this scenario is to use a DVWP to display the tasks and use jQuery and the “myGroups” array from this blog post to hide all those rows that don’t belong to the current user. I haven’t tried it, but it does move some of the processing off to the server (generating the view) so it may perform better.  As always, thanks for stopping by… hope you have a Merry Christmas…

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• Parsing concatenated, non-delimited XML messages from TCP-stream using C#

  - by thaller

  I am trying to parse XML messages which are send to my C# application over TCP. Unfortunately, the protocol can not be changed and the XML messages are not delimited and no length prefix is used. Moreover the character encoding is not fixed but each message starts with an XML declaration <?xml>. The question is, how can i read one XML message at a time, using C#. Up to now, I tried to read the data from the TCP stream into a byte array and use it through a MemoryStream. The problem is, the buffer might contain more than one XML messages or the first message may be incomplete. In these cases, I get an exception when trying to parse it with XmlReader.Read or XmlDocument.Load, but unfortunately the XmlException does not really allow me to distinguish the problem (except parsing the localized error string). I tried using XmlReader.Read and count the number of Element and EndElement nodes. That way I know when I am finished reading the first, entire XML message. However, there are several problems. If the buffer does not yet contain the entire message, how can I distinguish the XmlException from an actually invalid, non-well-formed message? In other words, if an exception is thrown before reading the first root EndElement, how can I decide whether to abort the connection with error, or to collect more bytes from the TCP stream? If no exception occurs, the XmlReader is positioned at the start of the root EndElement. Casting the XmlReader to IXmlLineInfo gives me the current LineNumber and LinePosition, however it is not straight forward to get the byte position where the EndElement really ends. In order to do that, I would have to convert the byte array into a string (with the encoding specified in the XML declaration), seek to LineNumber,LinePosition and convert that back to the byte offset. I try to do that with StreamReader.ReadLine, but the stream reader gives no public access to the current byte position. All this seams very inelegant and non robust. I wonder if you have ideas for a better solution. Thank you. EDIT: I looked around and think that the situation is as follows (I might be wrong, corrections are welcome): I found no method so that the XmlReader can continue parsing a second XML message (at least not, if the second message has an XmlDeclaration). XmlTextReader.ResetState could do something similar, but for that I would have to assume the same encoding for all messages. Therefor I could not connect the XmlReader directly to the TcpStream. After closing the XmlReader, the buffer is not positioned at the readers last position. So it is not possible to close the reader and use a new one to continue with the next message. I guess the reason for this is, that the reader could not successfully seek on every possible input stream. When XmlReader throws an exception it can not be determined whether it happened because of an premature EOF or because of a non-wellformed XML. XmlReader.EOF is not set in case of an exception. As workaround I derived my own MemoryBuffer, which returns the very last byte as a single byte. This way I know that the XmlReader was really interested in the last byte and the following exception is likely due to a truncated message (this is kinda sloppy, in that it might not detect every non-wellformed message. However, after appending more bytes to the buffer, sooner or later the error will be detected. I could cast my XmlReader to the IXmlLineInfo interface, which gives access to the LineNumber and the LinePosition of the current node. So after reading the first message I remember these positions and use it to truncate the buffer. Here comes the really sloppy part, because I have to use the character encoding to get the byte position. I am sure you could find test cases for the code below where it breaks (e.g. internal elements with mixed encoding). But up to now it worked for all my tests. The parser class follows here -- may it be useful (I know, its very far from perfect...) class XmlParser { private byte[] buffer = new byte[0]; public int Length { get { return buffer.Length; } } // Append new binary data to the internal data buffer... public XmlParser Append(byte[] buffer2) { if (buffer2 != null && buffer2.Length > 0) { // I know, its not an efficient way to do this. // The EofMemoryStream should handle a List<byte[]> ... byte[] new_buffer = new byte[buffer.Length + buffer2.Length]; buffer.CopyTo(new_buffer, 0); buffer2.CopyTo(new_buffer, buffer.Length); buffer = new_buffer; } return this; } // MemoryStream which returns the last byte of the buffer individually, // so that we know that the buffering XmlReader really locked at the last // byte of the stream. // Moreover there is an EOF marker. private class EofMemoryStream: Stream { public bool EOF { get; private set; } private MemoryStream mem_; public override bool CanSeek { get { return false; } } public override bool CanWrite { get { return false; } } public override bool CanRead { get { return true; } } public override long Length { get { return mem_.Length; } } public override long Position { get { return mem_.Position; } set { throw new NotSupportedException(); } } public override void Flush() { mem_.Flush(); } public override long Seek(long offset, SeekOrigin origin) { throw new NotSupportedException(); } public override void SetLength(long value) { throw new NotSupportedException(); } public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) { throw new NotSupportedException(); } public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) { count = Math.Min(count, Math.Max(1, (int)(Length - Position - 1))); int nread = mem_.Read(buffer, offset, count); if (nread == 0) { EOF = true; } return nread; } public EofMemoryStream(byte[] buffer) { mem_ = new MemoryStream(buffer, false); EOF = false; } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { mem_.Dispose(); } } // Parses the first xml message from the stream. // If the first message is not yet complete, it returns null. // If the buffer contains non-wellformed xml, it ~should~ throw an exception. // After reading an xml message, it pops the data from the byte array. public Message deserialize() { if (buffer.Length == 0) { return null; } Message message = null; Encoding encoding = Message.default_encoding; //string xml = encoding.GetString(buffer); using (EofMemoryStream sbuffer = new EofMemoryStream (buffer)) { XmlDocument xmlDocument = null; XmlReaderSettings settings = new XmlReaderSettings(); int LineNumber = -1; int LinePosition = -1; bool truncate_buffer = false; using (XmlReader xmlReader = XmlReader.Create(sbuffer, settings)) { try { // Read to the first node (skipping over some element-types. // Don't use MoveToContent here, because it would skip the // XmlDeclaration too... while (xmlReader.Read() && (xmlReader.NodeType==XmlNodeType.Whitespace || xmlReader.NodeType==XmlNodeType.Comment)) { }; // Check for XML declaration. // If the message has an XmlDeclaration, extract the encoding. switch (xmlReader.NodeType) { case XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration: while (xmlReader.MoveToNextAttribute()) { if (xmlReader.Name == "encoding") { encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding(xmlReader.Value); } } xmlReader.MoveToContent(); xmlReader.Read(); break; } // Move to the first element. xmlReader.MoveToContent(); // Read the entire document. xmlDocument = new XmlDocument(); xmlDocument.Load(xmlReader.ReadSubtree()); } catch (XmlException e) { // The parsing of the xml failed. If the XmlReader did // not yet look at the last byte, it is assumed that the // XML is invalid and the exception is re-thrown. if (sbuffer.EOF) { return null; } throw e; } { // Try to serialize an internal data structure using XmlSerializer. Type type = null; try { type = Type.GetType("my.namespace." + xmlDocument.DocumentElement.Name); } catch (Exception e) { // No specialized data container for this class found... } if (type == null) { message = new Message(); } else { // TODO: reuse the serializer... System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer ser = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(type); message = (Message)ser.Deserialize(new XmlNodeReader(xmlDocument)); } message.doc = xmlDocument; } // At this point, the first XML message was sucessfully parsed. // Remember the lineposition of the current end element. IXmlLineInfo xmlLineInfo = xmlReader as IXmlLineInfo; if (xmlLineInfo != null && xmlLineInfo.HasLineInfo()) { LineNumber = xmlLineInfo.LineNumber; LinePosition = xmlLineInfo.LinePosition; } // Try to read the rest of the buffer. // If an exception is thrown, another xml message appears. // This way the xml parser could tell us that the message is finished here. // This would be prefered as truncating the buffer using the line info is sloppy. try { while (xmlReader.Read()) { } } catch { // There comes a second message. Needs workaround for trunkating. truncate_buffer = true; } } if (truncate_buffer) { if (LineNumber < 0) { throw new Exception("LineNumber not given. Cannot truncate xml buffer"); } // Convert the buffer to a string using the encoding found before // (or the default encoding). string s = encoding.GetString(buffer); // Seek to the line. int char_index = 0; while (--LineNumber > 0) { // Recognize \r , \n , \r\n as newlines... char_index = s.IndexOfAny(new char[] {'\r', '\n'}, char_index); // char_index should not be -1 because LineNumber>0, otherwise an RangeException is // thrown, which is appropriate. char_index++; if (s[char_index-1]=='\r' && s.Length>char_index && s[char_index]=='\n') { char_index++; } } char_index += LinePosition - 1; var rgx = new System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex(xmlDocument.DocumentElement.Name + "[ \r\n\t]*\\>"); System.Text.RegularExpressions.Match match = rgx.Match(s, char_index); if (!match.Success || match.Index != char_index) { throw new Exception("could not find EndElement to truncate the xml buffer."); } char_index += match.Value.Length; // Convert the character offset back to the byte offset (for the given encoding). int line1_boffset = encoding.GetByteCount(s.Substring(0, char_index)); // remove the bytes from the buffer. buffer = buffer.Skip(line1_boffset).ToArray(); } else { buffer = new byte[0]; } } return message; } }

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• Operating system for visualization app in 6 monitors

  - by Federico

  Hi. I have to plan the development for an application with these major requirements: Show different graphical data and animations in 6 monitors, in fullscreen mode. The hardware to be used is a PC with 3 NVIDIA GeForce 9800 GX2 cards. I have some expertise working with OpenGL, but never with more than one monitor. I have the (some limited) freedom to choose an operating system for the application. My options are: Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Ubuntu 8.04/10.04. I would like to know, if you have some expertise or knowledge in the multi-monitor application development field, what is the recommended operating system for this kind of application? And, do I need any software other than the operating system and the NVIDIA drivers to be able to use the 6 monitors in fullscreen, showing different things in each one of them? Any comment/answer will be really appreciated. Thanks in advance! Federico

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• How are SaaS/Mult-Tenancy apps implementing email notifications (sending and receving)?

  - by Mark Redman

  Given multi-tenant application, How are vendors implementing email notifications from an email account setup and programming perspective: Sending emails could come from a generic account: eg [email protected] or [email protected], this seems reasonable considering reply addresses and lilnks can be contained within the email contents. Receiving Emails: How would an application receive email, for instance; to generate support tickets or assign comments in an email to a project/task. I have seen ID's within the subject and some reply to addresses containing the account name eg: [email protected] I realise one can programatically connect to a pop3 server and receive emails and look for the IDs with the subject, but is there a way of setting up and receiving email to a single pop3 account from multiple sub-host name email addresses (not sure on terminology there) eg: [email protected] or [email protected] and check the Account Name from the address? (similar to checking subdomains on a URL) Any practices, experience, comments or sughestions? (not sure its relevant, but using C# asp.net-mvc and services etc)

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• Ibator didn't generate Oracle varchar2 field

  - by bugbug

  I have table APP_REQ_APPROVE_COMPARE with following fields: "ID" NUMBER NOT NULL ENABLE, "TRACK_NO" VARCHAR2(20 BYTE) NOT NULL ENABLE, "REQ_DATE" DATE NOT NULL ENABLE, "OFFCODE" CHAR(6 BYTE) NOT NULL ENABLE, "COMPARE_CASE_ID" NUMBER NOT NULL ENABLE, "VEHICLE_NAME" VARCHAR2(100 BYTE), "ENGINE_NO" VARCHAR2(100 BYTE), "BODY_NO" VARCHAR2(100 BYTE), "HOLD_SHIP" NUMBER, "OWNERSHIP" VARCHAR2(200 BYTE), "RENT_NAME" VARCHAR2(200 BYTE), "CONTRACT" VARCHAR2(100 BYTE), "CONTRACT_NO" VARCHAR2(100 BYTE), "CONTRACT_DATE" DATE, "ISLAWBREAKERRENT" CHAR(1 BYTE) NOT NULL ENABLE, "MISTAKE_DETAIL" VARCHAR2(4000 BYTE), "COMPARE_REASON" VARCHAR2(4000 BYTE), "CREATE_BY" NUMBER NOT NULL ENABLE, "CREATE_ON" DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE NOT NULL ENABLE, "UPDATE_BY" NUMBER, "UPDATE_ON" DATE, When I generate a java bean using Ibator , I didn't find trackNo, VehicalName, ... (all fields defined as varchar2). What is the problem in my case? Here is my Ibator configuration file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE ibatorConfiguration PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Apache iBATIS Ibator Configuration 1.0//EN" "http://ibatis.apache.org/dtd/ibator-config_1_0.dtd"> <ibatorConfiguration> <classPathEntry location="/dos/connector/oracle_jdbc.jar"/> <ibatorContext id="autoPerson" defaultModelType="flat" targetRuntime="Ibatis2Java2"> <jdbcConnection connectionURL="jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.42.144:1521:orcl" driverClass="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" userId="user" password="password"/> <javaModelGenerator targetPackage="com.ko.model" targetProject="FormConfig"> <property name="enableSubPackages" value="true"/> <property name="trimStrings" value="true"/> </javaModelGenerator> <sqlMapGenerator targetPackage="com.ko.map" targetProject="FormConfig"> <property name="enableSubPackages" value="true"/> </sqlMapGenerator> <daoGenerator targetPackage="com.ko.model.dao" type="SPRING" targetProject="FormConfig" implementationPackage="com.ko.model.dao.impl" > <property name="enableSubPackges" value="true"/> <property name="methodNameCalculator" value="extended"/> </daoGenerator> <table tableName="APP_REQ_APPROVE_COMPARE" domainObjectName="AppReqApproveCompare"/> <ibatorConfiguration>

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• Pseudo code for instruction description

  - by Claus

  Hi, I am just trying to fiddle around what is the best and shortest way to describe two simple instructions with C-like pseudo code. The extract instruction is defined as follows: extract rd, rs, imm This instruction extracts the appropriate byte from the 32-bit source register rs and right justifies it in the destination register. The byte is specified by imm and thus can take the values 0 (for the least-significant byte) and 3 (for the most-significant byte). rd = 0x0; // zero-extend result, ie to make sure bits 31 to 8 are set to zero in the result rd = (rs && (0xff << imm)) >> imm; // this extracts the approriate byte and stores it in rd The insert instruction can be regarded as the inverse operation and it takes a right justified byte from the source register rs and deposits it in the appropriate byte of the destination register rd; again, this byte is determined by the value of imm tmp = 0x0 XOR (rs << imm)) // shift the byte to the appropriate byte determined by imm rd = (rd && (0x00 << imm)) // set appropriate byte to zero in rd rd = rd XOR tmp // XOR the byte into the destination register This looks all a bit horrible, so I wonder if there is a little bit a more elegant way to describe this bahaviour in C-like style ;) Many thanks, Claus

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• Multitenant shared user account?

  - by jpartogi

  Dear all, Based on your experience, which is the route to go for a multi-tenant user login? One user login per account. Which means if there is one user that has access to multiple account, there will be redundancy of record in the database One user login for all account that she has privileges to. Which means one user record has access to multiple account if she has privileges to that account. From your experience, which one is better and why? I was thinking to choose the latter, but I don't know whether it will cause security issue or less flexibility. Thank you for sharing your experience.

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• Are there any PHP Frameworks (e.g. CodeIgniter) that support database connections on a per user acco

  - by Brad G

  I'm looking into developing a multi-tenant SaaS application, and I found several sites that describe a solid way to separate the data using tenantIDs and updateable views. e.g. This blog post It all hinges on the ability to have your user accounts authenticated from a master users table and then having their respective database connections use those user-specific credentials. This way, the views can pull the userid and map it to the tenantID to display that user's view. However, most PHP frameworks tend to be very static when it comes to database connections (stored in text config files). They appear to be at odds. Does anyone know: a) how to make CodeIgniter handle this gracefully? b) a different PHP framework that might?

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• Integer array or struct array - which is better?

  - by MusiGenesis

  In my app, I'm storing Bitmap data in a two-dimensional integer array (int[,]). To access the R, G and B values I use something like this: // read: int i = _data[x, y]; byte B = (byte)(i >> 0); byte G = (byte)(i >> 8); byte R = (byte)(i >> 16); // write: _data[x, y] = BitConverter.ToInt32(new byte[] { B, G, R, 0 }, 0); I'm using integer arrays instead of an actual System.Drawing.Bitmap because my app runs on Windows Mobile devices where the memory available for creating bitmaps is severely limited. I'm wondering, though, if it would make more sense to declare a structure like this: public struct RGB { public byte R; public byte G; public byte B; } ... and then use an array of RGB instead of an array of int. This way I could easily read and write the separate R, G and B values without having to do bit-shifting and BitConverter-ing. I vaguely remember something from days of yore about byte variables being block-aligned on 32-bit systems, so that a byte actually takes up 4 bytes of memory instead of just 1 (but maybe this was just a Visual Basic thing). Would using an array of structs (like the RGB example` above) be faster than using an array of ints, and would it use 3/4 the memory or 3 times the memory of ints?

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• How do you handle multiple (overlapping) projects in trac?

  - by Oliver Giesen

  We are using trac and are really satisfied with it. However, out of the box, trac is best suited for single-project environments only. I'd be interested to hear about the various approaches people take to make it work with multiple projects nevertheless and their experiences with them. Are there any plugins to recommend? Any patches, tweaks or whatnots? Are you maybe even using an entirely different bug-tracking system that offers all of trac's functionality plus multi-project support? We recently started managing a second project ourselves which generally works okay but also has some drawbacks, especially where the two projects overlap because of common library code we wrote that is used in both projects. How do you handle this? (I'll attach our own current approach as an answer to this post.)

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• Bandwidth Monitoring in asp.net

  - by asifch

  HI, We are developing a multi-tenant application in Asp.Net with separate DB for each tenant, in which one of the requirement is to monitor the bandwidth usage for each tenant, i have tried to search but not found much help on the topic,we want to monitor exactly how much bandwidth is being used for each tenant while each tenant can have its own top level domain or a sub domain or a combination of both. so what are the available options, the ones which i can think of can be 1. IIS Log Monitoring means a separate application which will calculate the bandwidth for each tenant. 2. Log Each Request and Response for a tenant from within the application and then calculate the total bandwidth usage based on that. 3. Use some third part components if available So what do you think will be the best approach, also if there is any other way to do this.

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• Function like C# properties?

  - by alan2here

  I was directed here from SO as a better stack exchange site for this question. I've been thinking about the neatness and expression of C# properties over functions, although they only currently work where no parameters are used, and wondered. Is is possible, and if so why not, to have a stand alone function like C# property. For example: public class test { private byte n = 4; public test() { func = 2; byte n2 = func; func; } private byte func { get { return n; } set { n = value; } func { n++; } } } edit: Sorry for the vagueness first time round. I'm going to add some info and motivation. The 'n++' here is just a simple example, a placeholder, it's not intended to be representative of the actual code that would be used. I'm also looking at this from the point of view of looking at the property command as is, not in the context of using it for 'get_xyz' and 'set_xyz' member functions, which is certainly useful, but of instead comparing it more abstractly to functions and other programic elements. A 'get' property can be used instead of a function that takes no parameters, and syntactically they are perhaps only aesthetically, but as I see it noticeably nicer. However, properties also add the potential for an extra layer of polymorphism, one that relates to the 'func = 4;' getting, 'int n = func;' setting or 'func;' function like context in which they are used as well as the more common parameter based polymorphism. Potentially allowing for a lot of expression and contextual information reguarding how other would use your functions. As in many places uses and definitions would remain the same, it shouldn't break existing code. private byte func { get { } get bool { } set { } func { } func(bool) { } func(byte, myType) { } // etc... } So a read only function would look like this: private byte func { get { } } A normal function like this: private void func { func { } } A function with parameter polymorphism like this: private byte func { func(bool) { } func(byte, myType) { } } And a function that could return a value, or just compute, depending on the context it is used, that also has more conventional parameter polymorphism as well, like so: private byte func { get { } func(bool) { } func(byte, myType) { } }

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• Time to start returning IQueryable<T> instead of IList<T> to my Web UI / Web API Layer?

  - by JohnnyO

  I've got a multi-layer application that starts with the repository pattern for all data access and it returns IQueryable to the Services layer. The Services layer, which includes all of the business logic, returns IList to the Controllers (note: I'm using ASP.NET MVC for the UI layer). The benefit of returning IQueryable in the data access layer is that it allows my repositories to be extremely simple and the database queries to be deferred. However, I'm triggering the database queries in my services layer so that my unit tests is more reliable and I don't give flexibility to the Controllers to reshape my queries. However, I've recently encountered several situations where deferring the execution of queries down to the Controllers would have been significantly more performant because the Controllers had to do some projections on the data that was UI specific. Additionally, with the emergence of things like oData, I was starting to wonder if end points (e.g. web UI or web apis) should be working directly with IQueryable. What are your thoughts? Is it time to start returning IQueryable from the services layer to the UI layer? Or stick with IList? This thread here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/718624/to-return-iqueryablet-or-not-return-iqueryablet seems to vouch for returning IList to the UI layers, but I was wondering if things are changing because of new emerging technologies and techniques.

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• magento - multilingual site + Add store codes to url - want to show flag icons

  - by Mustapha George

  I want to have a multi-language magento site use a flag image instead of a language selector box for user to select language of page. There is a nice article on this at http://www.atwix.com/magento/replace-language-selector-flag-icons/ Only issue is that we use "Add store codes to url" option. I hacked this code, but it can use some refinement and make it more Magento looking. <?php if(count($this->getStores())>1): ?> <div class="form-language"> <div class="langs-wrapper"> <?php foreach ($this->getStores() as $_lang): ?> <?php if ($_lang->getCode() != 'default'): ?> <? $base_url = Mage::getBaseUrl(); // remove language in base url $base_url = str_replace('/en/' , "" , $base_url); $base_url = str_replace('/fr/' , "" , $base_url); $current_url = $this->helper('core/url')->getCurrentUrl(); // take out base url and language code $rest_of_url = str_replace($base_url , "" , $current_url); $rest_of_url = str_replace('/en/' , "" , $rest_of_url); $rest_of_url = str_replace('/fr/' , "" , $rest_of_url); // assmble new url $new_url = $base_url . '/' . $_lang->getCode() . '/' . $rest_of_url; ?> <a class="lang-flag" href="<?php echo $new_url ;?>"><img src="<?php echo $this->getSkinUrl('images/flags/' . $_lang->getCode() . '.png');?>" alt=""></a> <?php endif;?> <?php endforeach;?> </div> </div> <?php endif;?>

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• Syncing data between devel/live databases in Django

  - by T. Stone

  With Django's new multi-db functionality in the development version, I've been trying to work on creating a management command that let's me synchronize the data from the live site down to a developer machine for extended testing. (Having actual data, particularly user-entered data, allows me to test a broader range of inputs.) Right now I've got a "mostly" working command. It can sync "simple" model data but the problem I'm having is that it ignores ManyToMany fields which I don't see any reason for it do so. Anyone have any ideas of either how to fix that or a better want to handle this? Should I be exporting that first query to a fixture first and then re-importing it? from django.core.management.base import LabelCommand from django.db.utils import IntegrityError from django.db import models from django.conf import settings LIVE_DATABASE_KEY = 'live' class Command(LabelCommand): help = ("Synchronizes the data between the local machine and the live server") args = "APP_NAME" label = 'application name' requires_model_validation = False can_import_settings = True def handle_label(self, label, **options): # Make sure we're running the command on a developer machine and that we've got the right settings db_settings = getattr(settings, 'DATABASES', {}) if not LIVE_DATABASE_KEY in db_settings: print 'Could not find "%s" in database settings.' % LIVE_DATABASE_KEY return if db_settings.get('default') == db_settings.get(LIVE_DATABASE_KEY): print 'Data cannot synchronize with self. This command must be run on a non-production server.' return # Fetch all models for the given app try: app = models.get_app(label) app_models = models.get_models(app) except: print "The app '%s' could not be found or models could not be loaded for it." % label for model in app_models: print 'Syncing %s.%s ...' % (model._meta.app_label, model._meta.object_name) # Query each model from the live site qs = model.objects.all().using(LIVE_DATABASE_KEY) # ...and save it to the local database for record in qs: try: record.save(using='default') except IntegrityError: # Skip as the record probably already exists pass

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• boost multi_index partial indexes

  - by Gokul

  Hi, I want to implement inside boost multi-index two sets of keys with same search criteria but different eviction criteria. Say i have two sets of data with same search condition, but one set needs a MRU(Most Recently Used) list of 100 and the other set requires a MRU of 200. Say the entry is like this class Student { int student_no; char sex; std::string address; }; The search criteria is student_no, but for sex='m', we need MRU of 200 and for sex='f', we need a MRU of 100. Now i have a solution where in i introduce a new ordered index to maintain ordering. For example the IndexSpecifierList will be something like this typedef multi_index_container< Student, indexed_by< ordered_unique< member<Student, int, &Student::student_no> >, ordered_unique< composite_key< member<Student, char, &Student::sex>, member<Student, int, &Student::sex_specific_student_counter> > > > > student_set Now everytime, i am inserting a new one, i have to take a equal_range for that using index 2 and remove the oldest one and if something is getting re-used, i have to update it by incrementing the counter. Is there a better solution to this kind of problem? Thanks, Gokul.

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• byte and short data types in Java can accept the value outside the range by explicit cast. The higher data types however can not. Why?

  - by Lion

  Let's consider the following expressions in Java. byte a = 32; byte b = (byte) 250; int i = a + b; This is valid in Java even though the expression byte b = (byte) 250; is forced to assign the value 250 to b which is outside the range of the type byte. Therefore, b is assigned -6 and consequently i is assigned the value 26 through the statement int i = a + b;. The same thing is possible with short as follows. short s1=(short) 567889999; Although the specified value is outside the range of short, this statement is legal. The same thing is however wrong with higher data types such int, double, folat etc and hence, the following case is invalid and causes a compile-time error. int z=2147483648; This is illegal, since the range of int in Java is from -2,147,483,648 to 2147483647 which the above statement exceeds and issues a compile-time error. Why is such not wrong with byte and short data types in Java?

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