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  • Managing changes in memory-based data format

    - by kamziro
    So I've been using a compact data type in c++, and saving from memory or loading from the file involves just copying the bits of memory in and out. However, the obvious drawback of this is that if you need to add/remove elements on the data, it becomes kind of messy. There's also problems with versioning, suppose you distribute a program which uses version A of the data, and then the next day you make version B of it, and then later on version C. I suppose this can be solved by using something like xml or json. But suppose you can't do that for technical reasons. What is the best way to do this, apart from having to make different if cases etc (which would be pretty ugly, I'd imagine)

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  • Question on Binary Search Trees.

    - by AGeek
    Hi, I was thinking of implementing a binary search trees. I have implemented some very basic operations such as search, insert, delete. Please share your experiences as to what all other operations i could perform on binary search trees, and some real time operations(basic) that is needed every time for any given situation.. I hope my question was clear.. Thanks.

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  • querying larg text file containing JSON objects.

    - by Maciek Sawicki
    Hi, I have few Gigabytes text file in format: {"user_ip":"x.x.x.x", "action_type":"xxx", "action_data":{"some_key":"some_value"...},...} each entry is one line. First I would like to easily find entries for given ip. This part is easy because I can use grep for example. However even for this I would like to find better solution because I would like to get response as fast as possible. Next part is more complicated because I would like to find entries from selected ip and of selected type and with particular value of some_key in action_data. Probably I would have to convert this file to SQL db (probably SQLite, because it will be desktop APP), but I would ask if there are exists better solutions?

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  • Transferring Data Between Server and Client (Mobile)

    - by Byron
    Scenario: Client (Mobile) - .Net CF 2.0, SQL CE 3.0 Server - .Net 2.0, SQL Server 2005, Web Service Client and Server database schemas differ. From server - only certain columns from certain tables need to be synced. From client - everything will need to be synced once client has made changes. Client will continually poll a web service to download and upload data. A framework will be developed to package and unpackage data, used by both client and server. How would you develop the packaging and unpackaging? Use datasets, serialise strongly typed objects? All suggestions welcome. Thanks

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  • Efficient persistent storage for simple id to table of values map for java

    - by wds
    I need to store some data that follows the simple pattern of mapping an "id" to a full table (with multiple rows) of several columns (i.e. some integer values [u, v, w]). The size of one of these tables would be a couple of KB. Basically what I need is to store a persistent cache of some intermediary results. This could quite easily be implemented as simple sql, but there's a couple of problems, namely I need to compress the size of this structure on disk as much as possible. (because of amount of values I'm storing) Also, it's not transactional, I just need to write once and simply read the contents of the entire table, so a relational DB isn't actually a very good fit. I was wondering if anyone had any good suggestions? For some reason I can't seem to come up with something decent atm. Especially something with an API in java would be nice.

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  • How to Create Own HashMap in Java?

    - by Taranfx
    I know about hashing algorithm and hashCode() to convert "key" into an equivalent integer (using some mathematically random expression) that is then compressed and stored into buckets. But can someone point me to an implementation or at least data structure that should be used as baseline? I haven't found it anywhere on the web.

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  • Need sorted dictionary designed to find values with keys less or greater than search value

    - by Captain Comic
    Hi I need to have objects sorted by price (decimal) value for fast access. I need to be able to find all objects with price more then A or less than B. I was thinkg about SortedList, but it does not provide a way to find ascending or descending enumerator starting from given key value (say give me all objects with price less than $120). Think of a system that accepts items for sell from users and stores them into that collection. Another users want to find items cheaper than $120. Basically what i need is tree-based collection and functionality to find node that is smaller\greater\equal to provided key. Please advice.

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  • list or container O(1)-ish insertion/deletion performance, with array semantics

    - by Chris Kaminski
    I'm looking for a collection that offers list semantics, but also allows array semantics. Say I have a list with the following items: apple orange carrot pear then my container array would: container[0] == apple container[1] == orangle container[2] == carrot Then say I delete the orange element: container[0] == apple container[1] == carrot I don't particularly care if sort order is maintained, I'd just like the array values to function as accelerators to the list items, and I want to collapse gaps in the array without having to do an explicit resizing.

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  • How do I create a graph from this datastructure?

    - by Shawn Mclean
    I took this data structure from this A* tutorial: public interface IHasNeighbours<N> { IEnumerable<N> Neighbours { get; } } public class Path<TNode> : IEnumerable<TNode> { public TNode LastStep { get; private set; } public Path<TNode> PreviousSteps { get; private set; } public double TotalCost { get; private set; } private Path(TNode lastStep, Path<TNode> previousSteps, double totalCost) { LastStep = lastStep; PreviousSteps = previousSteps; TotalCost = totalCost; } public Path(TNode start) : this(start, null, 0) { } public Path<TNode> AddStep(TNode step, double stepCost) { return new Path<TNode>(step, this, TotalCost + stepCost); } public IEnumerator<TNode> GetEnumerator() { for (Path<TNode> p = this; p != null; p = p.PreviousSteps) yield return p.LastStep; } IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() { return this.GetEnumerator(); } } I have no idea how to create a simple graph with. How do I add something like the following undirected graph using C#: Basically I'd like to know how to connect nodes. I have my own datastructures that I can already determine the neighbors and the distance. I'd now like to convert that into this posted datastructure so I can run it through the AStar algorithm. I was seeking something more like: Path<EdgeNode> startGraphNode = new Path<EdgeNode>(tempStartNode); startGraphNode.AddNeighbor(someOtherNode, distance);

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  • When to use LinkedList<> over ArrayList<>?

    - by sdellysse
    I've always been one to simply use List<String> names = new ArrayList<String>(); I use the interface as the type name for portability, so that when I ask questions such as these I can rework my code. When should LinkedList should be used over ArrayList and vice-versa?

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  • How to structure a database with questions and answers?

    - by Andreas Johannessen
    Hi I am going to make a simple application that uses a database. I could need some guidance on how to structure it. I shall make question program. What I have in mind is. One table with questions One table with the difficulity of the question One table with the category of the question However, what do I do with the answers? Have them as seperate columns in the question-table? It sounds like a bad practice.(Also, where do I have the correct answer) Each question will have 5 answers where only one of them is correct.

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  • Which data structure for List of objects + datagrid wiev

    - by Martin
    Hi, I have to develop a code which will store a list of objects, as example below 101, value 11, value 12, value 13 ...etc 102, value 21, value 22, value 23 ...etc 103, value 31, value 32, value 33 ...etc 104, value 41, value 42, value 43 ...etc Now, the difficulty is, that first column is an identifier, and whole table should always be sorted by it. Easy access to each element is required. Additionally, list should be easily updated, and extended by adding element at the end as well as in front and still keep being sorted by first column. Finally, I would like to be able to display values of the above in datagridview. What is most important is a performance of the implementation, as rows will be updated many times per second, and datagridview should be able to display all changes immediately. I was thinking about creating class for the values, and then a Dictionary but encountered a problem with displaying values in gridview. What would be the most optimal way of implementing the code? Thanks in advance Martin

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  • Modifying C# dictionary value

    - by minjang
    I'm a C++ expert, but not at all for C#. I created a Dictionary<string, STATS>, where STATS is a simple struct. Once I built the dictionary with initial string and STATS pairs, I want to modify the dictionary's STATS value. In C++, it's very clear: Dictionary<string, STATS*> benchmarks; Initialize it... STATS* stats = benchmarks[item.Key]; // Touch stats directly However, I tried like this in C#: Dictionary<string, STATS> benchmarks = new Dictionary<string, STATS>(); // Initialize benchmarks with a bunch of STATS foreach (var item in _data) benchmarks.Add(item.app_name, item); foreach (KeyValuePair<string, STATS> item in benchmarks) { // I want to modify STATS value inside of benchmarks dictionary. STATS stat_item = benchmarks[item.Key]; ParseOutputFile("foo", ref stat_item); // But, not modified in benchmarks... stat_item is just a copy. } This is a really novice problem, but wasn't easy to find an answer. EDIT: I also tried like the following: STATS stat_item = benchmarks[item.Key]; ParseOutputFile(file_name, ref stat_item); benchmarks[item.Key] = stat_item; However, I got the exception since such action invalidates Dictionary: Unhandled Exception: System.InvalidOperationException: Collection was modified; enumeration operation may not execute. at System.ThrowHelper.ThrowInvalidOperationException(ExceptionResource resource) at System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2.Enumerator.MoveNext() at helper.Program.Main(String[] args) in D:\dev\\helper\Program.cs:line 75

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  • How to implement a simple queue properly?

    - by Stephen Hsu
    The current Go library doesn't provide the queue container. To implement a simple queue, I use circle array as the underlying data structure. It follows algorithms mentioned in TAOCP: Insert Y into queue X: X[R]<-Y; R<-(R+1)%M; if R=F then OVERFLOW. Delete Y from queue X: if F=R then UNDERFLOW; Y<-X[F]; F<-(F+1) % M. F: Front, R: Rear, M: Array length. Following is the code: package main import ( "fmt" ) type Queue struct { len int head, tail int q []int } func New(n int) *Queue { return &Queue{n, 0, 0, make([]int, n)} } func (p *Queue) Enqueue(x int) bool { p.q[p.tail] = x p.tail = (p.tail + 1) % p.len return p.head != p.tail } func (p *Queue) Dequeue() (int, bool) { if p.head == p.tail { return 0, false } x := p.q[p.head] p.head = (p.head + 1) % p.len return x, true } func main() { q := New(10) for i := 1; i < 13; i++ { fmt.Println(i, q.Enqueue(i)) } fmt.Println() for i := 1; i < 13; i++ { fmt.Println(q.Dequeue()) } } But the output is obviously wrong: 1 true 2 true 3 true 4 true 5 true 6 true 7 true 8 true 9 true 10 false 11 true 12 true 11 true 12 true 0 false 0 false 0 false 0 false 0 false 0 false 0 false 0 false 0 false 0 false I think I need one more field to make the code work properly. What do you suggest?

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  • Removing elements from heap

    - by user193138
    I made a heap. I am curious if there's something subtley wrong with my remove function: int Heap::remove() { if (n == 0) exit(1); int temp = arr[0]; arr[0] = arr[--n]; heapDown(0); arr[n] = 0; return temp; } void Heap::heapDown(int i) { int l = left(i); int r = right(i); // comparing parent to left/right child // each has an inner if to handle if the first swap causes a second swap // ie 1 -> 3 -> 5 // 3 5 1 5 1 3 if (l < n && arr[i] < arr[l]) { swap(arr[i], arr[l]); heapDown(l); if (r < n && arr[i] < arr[r]) { swap(arr[i], arr[r]); heapDown(r); } } else if (r < n && arr[i] < arr[r]) { swap(arr[i], arr[r]); heapDown(r); if (l < n && arr[i] < arr[l]) { swap(arr[i], arr[l]); heapDown(l); } } } Here's my output i1i2i3i4i5i6i7 p Active heap: 7 4 6 1 3 2 5 r Removed 7 r Removed 6 p Active heap: 5 3 4 1 2 Here's my teacher's sample output: p Active heap : 7 4 6 1 3 2 5 r Removed 7 r Removed 6 p Active heap : 5 4 2 1 3 s Heapsorted : 1 2 3 4 5 While our outputs are completely different, I do seem to hold maxheap principle of having everything left oriented and for all nodes parent child(in every case I tried). I try to do algs like this from scratch, so maybe I'm just doing something really weird and wrong (I would only consider it "wrong" if it's O(lg n), as removes are intended to be for heaps). Is there anything in particular "wrong" about my remove? Thanks, http://ideone.com/PPh4eQ

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  • Why doesn't java.util.Set have get(int index)?

    - by Marty Pitt
    I'm sure there's a good reason, but could someone please explain why the java.util.Set interface lacks get(int Index), or any similar get() method? It seems that sets are great for putting things into, but I can't find an elegant way of retrieving a single item from it. If I know I want the first item, I can use set.iterator().next(), but otherwise it seems I have to cast to an Array to retrieve an item at a specific index? What are the appropriate ways of retrieving data from a set? (other than using an iterator) I'm sure the fact that it's excluded from the API means there's a good reason for not doing this -- could someone please enlighten me? EDIT: Some extremely great answers here, and a few saying "more context". The specific scneario was a dbUnit test, where I could reasonalby assert that the returned set from a query had only 1 item, and I was trying to access that item. However, the question is more valid without the scenario, as it remains more focussed : What's the difference between set & list. Thanks to all for the fantastic answers below.

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  • How are two-dimensional arrays formatted in memory?

    - by Chris Cooper
    In C, I know I can dynamically allocate a two-dimensional array on the heap using the following code: int** someNumbers = malloc(arrayRows*sizeof(int*)); for (i = 0; i < arrayRows; i++) { someNumbers[i] = malloc(arrayColumns*sizeof(int)); } Clearly, this actually creates a one-dimensional array of pointers to a bunch of separate one-dimensional arrays of integers, and "The System" can figure you what I mean when I ask for: someNumbers[4][2]; But when I statically declare a 2D array, as in the following line...: int someNumbers[ARRAY_ROWS][ARRAY_COLUMNS]; ...does a similar structure get created on the stack, or is it of another form completely? (i.e. is it a 1D array of pointers? If not, what is it, and how do references to it get figured out?) Also, when I said, "The System," what is actually responsible for figuring that out? The kernel? Or does the C compiler sort it out while compiling?

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  • How does one implement storage/retrieval of smart-search/mailbox features?

    - by humble_coder
    Hi All, I have a question regarding implementation of smart-search features. For example, consider something like "smart mailboxes" in various email applications. Let's assume you have your data (emails) stored in a database and, depending on the field for which the query will be created, you present different options to the end user. At the moment let's assume the Subject, Verb, Object approach… For instance, say you have the following: SUBJECTs: message, to_address, from_address, subject, date_received VERBs: contains, does_not_contain, is_equal_to, greater_than, less_than OBJECTs: ??????? Now, in case it isn't clear, I want a table structure (although I'm not opposed to an external XMLesque file of some sort) to store (and later retrieve/present) my criteria for smart searches/mailboxes for later use. As an example, using SVO I could easily store then reconstruct a query for "date between two dates" -- simply use "date greater than" AND "date less than". However, what if, in the same smart search, I wanted a "between" OR'ed with another criterion? You can see that it might get out of hand -- not necessarily in the query creation (as that is rather simplistic), but in the option presentation and storage mechanism. Perhaps I need to think more on a more granular level. Perhaps I need to simply allow the user to select AND or OR for each entry independently instead of making it an ALL OR NOTHING type smart search (i.e. instead of MATCH ALL or MATCH ANY, I need to simply allow them to select -- I just don't want it to turn into a Hydra). Any input would be most appreciated. My apologies if the question is a bit incoherent. It is late, and I my brain is toast. Best.

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  • Why use hashing to create pathnames for large collections of files?

    - by Stephen
    Hi, I noticed a number of cases where an application or database stored collections of files/blobs using a has to determine the path and filename. I believe the intended outcome is a situation where the path never gets too deep, or the folders ever get too full - too many files (or folders) in a folder making for slower access. EDIT: Examples are often Digital libraries or repositories, though the simplest example I can think of (that can be installed in about 30s) is the Zotero document/citation database. Why do this? EDIT: thanks Mat for the answer - does this technique of using a hash to create a file path have a name? Is it a pattern? I'd like to read more, but have failed to find anything in the ACM Digital Library

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  • How to store a scaleable sized extensible event log?

    - by firoso
    Hello everyone! I've been contemplating writing a simple "event log" that takes a paramater list and stores event messages in a log file, trouble is, I forsee this file growing to be rather large (assume 1M entries or more) the question is, how can I implement this system without pulling teeth, I know that SQL would be a possible way to go. XML would be ideal but not really practical for scaleability if i'm not going nuts. Example Log Entry -----Time Date-------- ---------Sender----------------------- ---------Tags---------- --Message---------- 12/24/2008 24:00:00 $DOMAIN\SYSTEM\Application$ :Trivial: :Notification: It's Christmas in 1s

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  • How good is the memory mapped Circular Buffer on Wikipedia?

    - by abroun
    I'm trying to implement a circular buffer in C, and have come across this example on Wikipedia. It looks as if it would provide a really nice interface for anyone reading from the buffer, as reads which wrap around from the end to the beginning of the buffer are handled automatically. So all reads are contiguous. However, I'm a bit unsure about using it straight away as I don't really have much experience with memory mapping or virtual memory and I'm not sure that I fully understand what it's doing. What I think I understand is that it's mapping a shared memory file the size of the buffer into memory twice. Then, whenever data is written into the buffer it appears in memory in 2 places at once. This allows all reads to be contiguous. What would be really great is if someone with more experience of POSIX memory mapping could have a quick look at the code and tell me if the underlying mechanism used is really that efficient. Am I right in thinking for example that the file in /dev/shm used for the shared memory always stays in RAM or could it get written to the hard drive (performance hit) at some point? Are there any gotchas I should be aware of? As it stands, I'm probably going to use a simpler method for my current project, but it'd be good to understand this to have it in my toolbox for the future. Thanks in advance for your time.

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  • How do you store sets in Cassandra?

    - by Ben W
    I'd like to convert this JSON to a data model in Cassandra, where each of the arrays is a set with no duplicates: var data = { "data1": { "100": [1, 2, 3], "200": [3, 4] }, "data2": { "k1", [1], "k2", [4, 5] } } I'd like to query like this: data["data1"]["100"] to retrieve the sets. Anyone know how you might model this in Cassandra? (The only thing I came up with was columns whose name was a set value and the value of the column was an empty string, but that felt wrong.) It's not OK to serialize the sets as JSON or some other string, which would make this much easier. Also, I should note that it's OK to split data1 and data2 into separate ColumnFamilies, it's not necessary that they're keys in the same one.

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  • Java Data Structure

    - by Joe
    Hi there, I'm looking for a data structure that will act like a Queue so that I can hava First In First Out behaviour, but ideally I would also be able to see if an element exists in that Queue in constant time as you can do with a HashMap, rather than the linear time that you get with a LinkedList. I thought a LinkedHashMap might do the job, but although I could make an iterator and just take and then remove the first element of the iteration to produce a sort of poll() method, I'm wondering if there is a better way. Many thanks in advance

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  • A balanced binary search tree which is also a heap

    - by saeedn
    I'm looking for a data structure where each element in it has two keys. With one of them the structure is a BST and looking at the other one, data structure is a heap. With a little search, I found a structure called Treap. It uses the heap property with a random distribution on heap keys to make the BST balanced! What I want is a Balanced BST, which can be also a heap. The BST in Treap could be unbalanced if I insert elements with heap Key in the order of my choice. Is there such a data structure?

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  • advanced python autovivification

    - by Zhang18
    This question is about implementing the full PERL autovivification in python. I know similary questions were asked before and so far the best answre is http://stackoverflow.com/questions/635483/what-is-the-best-way-to-implement-nested-dictionaries-in-python/652284#652284. However, I'm looking to do this: a['x']['y'].append('z') without declaring a['x']['y'] = [] first, or rather, not declaring a['x'] = {} either. I know dict and list classes sorta don't mix so this is hard, but I'm interested in seeing if someone has an ingenius solution probably involving creating an inherited class from dict but defined a new append method on it? I also know this might throw off some python purists who will ask me to stick with Perl. But even just for a challenge, I'd like to see something. thx!

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