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  • slicing behaviour question of a list of lists

    - by Lex
    I got a function like def f(): ... ... return [list1, list2] this returns a list of lists [[list1.item1,list1.item2,...],[list2.item1,list2.item2,...]] now when I do the following: for i in range(0,2):print f()[i][0:10] it works and print the lists sliced but if i do print f()[0:2][0:10] then it prints the lists ignoring the [0:10] slicing. Is there any way to make the second form work or do I have to loop every time to get the desired result?

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  • Add the path _vti_bin/Lists.asmx to an ASP.NET MVC 2 web application

    - by Philipp Schmid
    I am trying to add the path /_vti_bin/Lists.asmx to my ASP.NET MVC 2 web application. I am registering the route as follows: routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.asmx/{*pathInfo}"); routes.Add(new Route("_vti_bin/Lists.asmx", new ListsHandler())); where ListHandler is defined as: public sealed class ListsHandler : IRouteHandler { #region IRouteHandler Members public IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } #endregion } But when I start the MVC application and try to navigate to http://localhost:8888/_vti_bin/Lists.asmx, I get an HTTP 404 error, rather than an exception raised. Is this even possible in MVC? Do I need to add an Lists.asmx ASPX web service file to my project in a particular place (I cannot create the _vti_bin folder in the Visual Studio project)?

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  • Connect sortable lists together and update SQL using jQuery UI

    - by rebellion
    I'm using jQuery UI's sortable lists to sort items in a todo list, and the reordering of the lists works like a charm. I have several UL lists for each todo category, i.e. Design, Development, etc. I want to be able to move an item from one category to another, and jQuery UI's sortable lists plugin allows me to do this with the connectWith option parameter. But I can't seem to find how to update the database as well. The todo database table has a field for a reference to the category which is laying in it's own table. This is the current code: $('.sortable').sortable({ axis: 'y', opacity: .5, cancel: '.no-tasks', connectWith: '.sortable', update: function(){ $.ajax({ type: 'POST', url: basepath + 'task/sort_list', data: $(this).sortable('serialize') }); } }); Do I need to add another value to the AJAX's data parameter, or do the sortable plugin this for me in the serialize function?

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  • Code golf: combining multiple sorted lists into a single sorted list

    - by Alabaster Codify
    Implement an algorithm to merge an arbitrary number of sorted lists into one sorted list. The aim is to create the smallest working programme, in whatever language you like. For example: input: ((1, 4, 7), (2, 5, 8), (3, 6, 9)) output: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) input: ((1, 10), (), (2, 5, 6, 7)) output: (1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 10) Note: solutions which concatenate the input lists then use a language-provided sort function are not in-keeping with the spirit of golf, and will not be accepted: sorted(sum(lists,[])) # cheating: out of bounds! Apart from anything else, your algorithm should be (but doesn't have to be) a lot faster! Clearly state the language, any foibles and the character count. Only include meaningful characters in the count, but feel free to add whitespace to the code for artistic / readability purposes. To keep things tidy, suggest improvement in comments or by editing answers where appropriate, rather than creating a new answer for each "revision". EDIT: if I was submitting this question again, I would expand on the "no language provided sort" rule to be "don't concatenate all the lists then sort the result". Existing entries which do concatenate-then-sort are actually very interesting and compact, so I won't retro-actively introduce a rule they break, but feel free to work to the more restrictive spec in new submissions. Inspired by http://stackoverflow.com/questions/464342/combining-two-sorted-lists-in-python

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  • Merging some sorted lists with unknown order sequence

    - by Gabriel
    I've some sorted lists with variable number of elements. I wold like to merge the lists into one big list which contains all other lists in same order, without duplicates. Example: 1. XS,M,L,XL 2. S,M,XXL 3. XXS,XS,S,L Result: XXS,XS,S,M,L,XL,XXL The function should notify, if there are elements which have ambiguous positions. Here, it would be XXL and I need to specify its position after XL.

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  • Take the intersection of an arbitrary number of lists in python

    - by thepandaatemyface
    Suppose I have a list of lists of elements which are all the same (i'll use ints in this example) [range(100)[::4], range(100)[::3], range(100)[::2], range(100)[::1]] What would be a nice and/or efficient way to take the intersection of these lists (so you would get every element that is in each of the lists)? For the example that would be: [0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96]

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  • Making GridView Respond to 2 Drop Down Lists

    - by raziiq
    Hi there. I have got 2 Drop Down Lists on my Form and 1 GridView. I want GridView to display the data according to selection from the Drop Down Lists. For Example, One Drop Down List contains Names and other contains Dates. Both the Drop Down Lists can post back. So if i select a name from 1st Drop Down list, the Grid View should show all the results according to that Name. Similarly if i select the Date from the other Drop Down List , the Grid View should show the results according to the dates. But i cant figure out as how to bind Grid View to respond to 2 Drop Down List. BTW i am binding both the Drop Down Lists and the Grid View to the DataSource Objects, which is getting data from the database. Any Suggestions??

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  • How do I convert a Python list of lists of lists into a C array by using ctypes?

    - by pc05
    As seen here How do I convert a Python list into a C array by using ctypes? this code will take a python array and transform it to a C array. import ctypes arr = (ctypes.c_int * len(pyarr))(*pyarr) Which would the way of doing the same with a list of lists or a lists of lists of lists? For example, for the following variable list3d = [[[40.0, 1.2, 6.0, 0.3], [50.0, 4.2, 0, 0]], [[40.0, 1.2, 6.0, 0.3], [50.0, 4.2, 0, 0]], [[40.0, 1.2, 6.0, 0.3], [50.0, 4.2, 0, 0]]] I have tried the following with no luck: ([[ctypes.c_double * 4] *2]*3)(*list3d) # *** TypeError: 'list' object is not callable (ctypes.c_double * 4 *2 *3)(*list3d) # *** TypeError: expected c_double_Array_4_Array_2 instance, got list Thank you! EDIT: Just to clarify, I am trying to get one object that contains the whole multidimensional array, not a list of objects. This object's reference will be an input to a C DLL that expects a 3D array.

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  • How to calculate cointegrations of two lists?

    - by Damiano
    Hello everybody! Thank you in advance for your help! I have two lists with some stocks prices, example: a = [10.23, 11.65, 12.36, 12.96] b = [5.23, 6.10, 8.3, 4.98] I can calculate the correlation of these two lists, with: import scipy.stats scipy.stats.pearsonr(a, b)[0] But, I didn't found a method to calculate the co-integration of two lists. Could you give me some advices? Thank you very much!

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  • Mailing Address is forcing 2nd Record in CSV (DevExpress Controls)

    - by Gerhard Weiss
    My DevExpress CSV export has two lines per record. Rank Score,Prog.,Full Address 63.30 ,JIW ,1234 Whispering Pines Dr , ,Sometown MI 48316 62.80 ,JIW ,9876 Beagle Dr , ,Sometown Twp MI 48382 I would like to change it to one line because I want to do a Word Merge. (Unless Word can merge these two lines back together, which I do not thing it can do) Does the DevExpress XtraGrid ExportToText allow for this? A MemoEdit is being used by the XtraGrid and is initialized using the following code (Noticed the ControlChars.NewLine): Public ReadOnly Property FullAddress() As String Get Dim strAddress As System.Text.StringBuilder = New StringBuilder() If Not IsNullEntity Then strAddress.Append(Line1 + ControlChars.NewLine) If Not Line2 Is Nothing AndAlso Me.Line2.Length > 0 Then strAddress.Append(Line2 + ControlChars.NewLine) End If If Not Line3 Is Nothing AndAlso Me.Line3.Length > 0 Then strAddress.Append(Line3 + ControlChars.NewLine) End If strAddress.Append(String.Format("{0} {1} {2}", City, RegionCode, PostalCode)) If Me.Country <> "UNITED STATES" Then strAddress.Append(ControlChars.NewLine + Me.Country) End If End If Return strAddress.ToString End Get End Property Here is the export to CSV code: Dim saveFile As New SaveFileDialog With saveFile '.InitialDirectory = ClientManager.CurrentClient.Entity.StudentPictureDirectory .FileName = "ApplicantList.csv" .CheckPathExists = True .CheckFileExists = False .Filter = "All Files (*.*)|*.*" End With If saveFile.ShowDialog() = Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK Then Dim PrintingTextExportOptions As New DevExpress.XtraPrinting.TextExportOptions(",", Encoding.ASCII) PrintingTextExportOptions.QuoteStringsWithSeparators = True ApplicantRankListViewsGridControl.ExportToText(saveFile.FileName, PrintingTextExportOptions) End If

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  • Mass-mailing without getting your domain banned

    - by Arpit
    I plan on sending an email to 10k+ email addresses (mostly gmail and yahoo) to announce the launch of my startup's product. I'm planning on using PHPMailer or PHPList to send out the mails. I've never mass-mailed before and had a few basic questions. I've already browsed through some of the other mass-mail threads on this forum but the questions remain hence a new thread. Are newsletters which are sent by so many other organizations sent out in a similar manner - using programs such as PHPMailer or PHPList? When would a GMail or a Yahoo blacklist my domain name - are there any set parameters - 1000 emails in an hour would result in getting banned or some such parameters? If yes, then what sort of settings should I take note of when sending the emails - any format of the email or spread out the 10+ emails over 2 days etc.? If a Gmail or a Yahoo blacklists your domain name - is there any way to get out of the blacklist?

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  • Need help with Drupal bulk mail low open rate for legitimate mailing list

    - by Ron Williams
    I've moved from constant contact to Drupal Simplenews/Mimemail/SMTP. Previously the open rate was around 50% for constant contact, but now it's 4-5% for the same list via the mentioned setup. Mail is getting out from the server, but it's having an issue anyway. Here's the setup: -The e-mail list consists of approximately 80,000 addresses which is queued at 10,000 e-mails per cron run (which runs hourly). -The server is a Dual Core2Quad machine with 2GB of RAM. -When mail is being sent, the mail queue will usually go up to ~1000 at the beginning of the hour before reducing to ~250 by the time the next cron occurs. -Newsletter is themed to display custom style for newsletter on send -Newsletter is received by some, but appears to be bounced by many (based on low open rate_ -I've added SPF, domain keys, and a PTR record to the DNS -Server hostname (listed in ptr) is different from hosted domain -Very low spam number via Spamassassin -IP and domain are not blacklisted -Mail goes out via SMTP module on delivery. Any ideas?

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  • Joomla mailing list with referral plugin?

    - by Stu
    Hi all I've inherited a Joomla 1.5 site and I am trying to find a Joomla component that will let me add a signup/prizedraw page where people can also recommend the compo to a friend in the one form. Basically 1 - email to go out to our existing database asking them to recommend a friend for the chance to win x prize 2 – they are directed to the form on the website where they enter their details for the prize draw and also have the option to enter a few friends email addresses 3 – the recommender is entered into the draw (signed up), while the recommended friends get a princes square email saying ‘you have been recommended by....to receive exclusive offers etc etc.. click here to enter. Does anybody know if there any plugins out there that does this or is it a hand code jobby. Cheers muchly.

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  • mailing system DB structure, need help

    - by Anna
    i have a system there user(sender) can write a note to friends(receivers), number of receivers=0. Text of the message is saved in DB and visible to sender and all receivers then they login to system. Sender can add more receivers at any time. More over any of receivers can edit the message and even remove it from DB. For this system i created 3 tables, shortly: users(userID, username, password) messages(messageID, text) list(id, senderID, receiverID, messageID) in table "list" each row corresponds to pair sender-receiver, like sender_x_ID -- receiver_1_ID -- message_1_ID sender_x_ID -- receiver_2_ID -- message_1_ID sender_x_ID -- receiver_3_ID -- message_1_ID Now the problem is: 1. if user deletes the message from table "messages" how to automatically delete all rows from table "list" which correspond to deleted message. Do i have to include some foreign keys? More important: 2. if sender has let say 3 receivers for his message1 (username1, username2 and username3) and at certain moment decides to add username4 and username5 and at the same time exclude username1 from the list of receivers. PHP code will get the new list of receivers (username2, username3, username4, username5) That means insert to table "list" sender_x_ID -- receiver_4_ID -- message_1_ID sender_x_ID -- receiver_5_ID -- message_1_ID and also delete from table "list" the row corresponding to user1 (which is not in the list or receivers any more) sender_x_ID -- receiver_1_ID -- message_1_ID which sql query to send from PHP to make it in an easy and intelligent way? Please help! Examples of sql queries would be perfect!

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  • Consolidation Strategy References

    - by BuckWoody
    I have a presentation that I give on SQL Server Consolidation Strategies, and in that presentation I talk about a few links that are useful. Here are some that I’ve found – feel free to comment on more, or if these links go stale:   Consolidation using SQL Server: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee692366.aspx SQL Server Consolidation Guidance:  http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee819082.aspx   More references for SQL Server and Hyper-V: http://www.sqlskills.com/BLOGS/KIMBERLY/post/Virtualization-with-SQL-Server.aspx Quick overview of Virtual Server licensing implications: http://www.microsoft.com/uk/licensing/morethan250/learn/virtualisation.mspx SQL Server and Hyper-V best practices: http://sqlcat.com/whitepapers/archive/2008/10/03/running-sql-server-2008-in-a-hyper-v-environment-best-practices-and-performance-recommendations.aspx High-Availability and Hyper-V: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.10.higha.aspx Virtualization Calculator: http://www.microsoft.com/Windowsserver2008/en/us/hyperv-calculators.aspx   May not be current, but here’s a whitepaper from VMWare for SQL Server: http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/SQLServerWorkloads.pdf More information on SQL Server and VMWare: http://blogs.msdn.com/cindygross/archive/2009/10/23/considerations-for-installing-sql-server-on-vmware.aspx   Server Virtualization Validation Program: http://www.windowsservercatalog.com/svvp.aspx?svvppage=svvp.htm Share this post: email it! | bookmark it! | digg it! | reddit! | kick it! | live it!

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  • Windows Azure Learning Plan - Security

    - by BuckWoody
    This is one in a series of posts on a Windows Azure Learning Plan. You can find the main post here. This one deals with Security for  Windows Azure.   General Security Information Overview and general  information about Windows Azure Security - what it is, how it works, and where you can learn more. General Security Whitepaper – answers most questions http://blogs.msdn.com/b/usisvde/archive/2010/08/10/security-white-paper-on-windows-azure-answers-many-faq.aspx Windows Azure Security Notes from the Patterns and Practices site http://blogs.msdn.com/b/jmeier/archive/2010/08/03/now-available-azure-security-notes-pdf.aspx Overview of Azure Security http://www.windowsecurity.com/articles/Microsoft-Azure-Security-Cloud.html Azure Security Resources http://reddevnews.com/articles/2010/08/19/microsoft-releases-windows-azure-security-resources.aspx Cloud Computing Security Considerations http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=68fedf9c-1c27-4642-aa5b-0a34472303ea&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+MicrosoftDownloadCenter+%28Microsoft+Download+Center Security in Cloud Computing – a Microsoft Perspective http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=7c8507e8-50ca-4693-aa5a-34b7c24f4579&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+MicrosoftDownloadCenter+%28Microsoft+Download+Center Physical Security for Microsoft’s Online Computing Information on the Infrastructure and Locations for Azure Physical Security. The Global Foundation Services Group at Microsoft handles physical security http://www.globalfoundationservices.com/security/index.html Microsoft’s Security Response Center http://www.microsoft.com/security/msrc/ Software Security for Microsoft’s Online Computing Steps we take as a company to develop secure software Windows Azure is developed using the Trustworthy Computing Initiative http://www.microsoft.com/about/twc/en/us/default.aspx and  http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms995349.aspx Identity and Access in the Cloud http://blogs.msdn.com/b/technology_titbits_by_rajesh_makhija/archive/2010/10/29/identity-and-access-in-the-cloud.aspx Security Steps you should take While Microsoft takes great pains to secure the infrastructure, platform and code for Windows Azure, you have a responsibility to write secure code. These pointers can help you do that. Securing your cloud architecture, step-by-step http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/gg296364.aspx Security Guidelines for Windows Azure http://redmondmag.com/articles/2010/06/15/microsoft-issues-security-guidelines-for-windows-azure.aspx  Best Practices for Windows Azure Security http://blogs.msdn.com/b/vbertocci/archive/2010/06/14/security-best-practices-for-developing-windows-azure-applications.aspx Active Directory and Windows Azure http://blogs.msdn.com/b/plankytronixx/archive/2010/10/22/projecting-your-active-directory-identity-to-the-azure-cloud.aspx Understanding Encryption (great overview and tutorial) http://blogs.msdn.com/b/plankytronixx/archive/2010/10/23/crypto-primer-understanding-encryption-public-private-key-signatures-and-certificates.aspx Securing your Connection Strings (SQL Azure) http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlazure/archive/2010/09/07/10058942.aspx Getting started with Windows Identity Foundation (WIF) quickly http://blogs.msdn.com/b/alikl/archive/2010/10/26/windows-identity-foundation-wif-fast-track.aspx

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  • Windows Azure Learning Plan - SQL Azure

    - by BuckWoody
    This is one in a series of posts on a Windows Azure Learning Plan. You can find the main post here. This one deals with Security for  Windows Azure.   Overview and Training Overview and general  information about SQL Azure - what it is, how it works, and where you can learn more. General Overview (sign-in required, but free) http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/inside-sql-azure.aspx General Guidelines and Limitations http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee336245.aspx Microsoft SQL Azure Documentation http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsazure/sqlazure/default.aspx Samples and Learning Sources for online and other SQL Azure Training Free Online Training http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlazure/archive/2010/05/06/10007449.aspx 60-minute Overview (webcast) https://msevents.microsoft.com/CUI/WebCastEventDetails.aspx?culture=en-US&EventID=1032458620&CountryCode=US Architecture SQL Azure Internals and Architectures for Scale Out and other use-cases. SQL Azure Architecture http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/inside-sql-azure.aspx Scale-out Architectures http://tinyurl.com/247zm33 Federation Concepts http://tinyurl.com/34eew2w Use-Cases http://blogical.se/blogs/jahlen/archive/2010/11/23/sql-azure-why-use-it-and-what-makes-it-different-from-sql-server.aspx SQL Azure Security Model (video) http://www.msdev.com/Directory/Description.aspx?EventId=1491 Administration Standard Administrative Tasks and Tools Tools Options http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/overview-of-tools-to-use-with-sql-azure.aspx SQL Azure Migration Wizard http://sqlazuremw.codeplex.com/ Managing Databases and Login Security http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee336235.aspx General Security for SQL Azure http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff394108.aspx Backup and Recovery http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/sql-azure-backup-and-restore-strategy.aspx More Backup and Recovery Options http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/current-options-for-backing-up-data-with-sql-azure.aspx Syncing Large Databases to SQL Azure http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sync/archive/2010/09/24/how-to-sync-large-sql-server-databases-to-sql-azure.aspx Programming Programming Patterns and Architectures for SQL Azure systems. How to Build and Manage a Business Database on SQL Azure http://tinyurl.com/25q5v6g Connection Management http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/sql-azure-connection-management-in-sql-azure.aspx Transact-SQL Supported by SQL Azure http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee336250.aspx

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  • Windows Azure Use Case: Hybrid Applications

    - by BuckWoody
    This is one in a series of posts on when and where to use a distributed architecture design in your organization's computing needs. You can find the main post here: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/buckwoody/archive/2011/01/18/windows-azure-and-sql-azure-use-cases.aspx  Description: Organizations see the need for computing infrastructures that they can “rent” or pay for only when they need them. They also understand the benefits of distributed computing, but do not want to create this infrastructure themselves. However, they may have considerations that prevent them from moving all of their current IT investment to a distributed environment: Private data (do not want to send or store sensitive data off-site) High dollar investment in current infrastructure Applications currently running well, but may need additional periodic capacity Current applications not designed in a stateless fashion In these situations, a “hybrid” approach works best. In fact, with Windows Azure, a hybrid approach is an optimal way to implement distributed computing even when the stipulations above do not apply. Keeping a majority of the computing function in an organization local while exploring and expanding that footprint into Windows and SQL Azure is a good migration or expansion strategy. A “hybrid” architecture merely means that part of a computing cycle is shared between two architectures. For instance, some level of computing might be done in a Windows Azure web-based application, while the data is stored locally at the organization. Implementation: There are multiple methods for implementing a hybrid architecture, in a spectrum from very little interaction from the local infrastructure to Windows or SQL Azure. The patterns fall into two broad schemas, and even these can be mixed. 1. Client-Centric Hybrid Patterns In this pattern, programs are coded such that the client system sends queries or compute requests to multiple systems. The “client” in this case might be a web-based codeset actually stored on another system (which acts as a client, the user’s device serving as the presentation layer) or a compiled program. In either case, the code on the client requestor carries the burden of defining the layout of the requests. While this pattern is often the easiest to code, it’s the most brittle. Any change in the architecture must be reflected on each client, but this can be mitigated by using a centralized system as the client such as in the web scenario. 2. System-Centric Hybrid Patterns Another approach is to create a distributed architecture by turning on-site systems into “services” that can be called from Windows Azure using the service Bus or the Access Control Services (ACS) capabilities. Code calls from a series of in-process client application. In this pattern you move the “client” interface into the server application logic. If you do not wish to change the application itself, you can “layer” the results of the code return using a product (such as Microsoft BizTalk) that exposes a Web Services Definition Language (WSDL) endpoint to Windows Azure using the Application Fabric. In effect, this is similar to creating a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) environment, and has the advantage of de-coupling your computing architecture. If each system offers a “service” of the results of some software processing, the operating system or platform becomes immaterial, assuming it adheres to a service contract. There are important considerations when you federate a system, whether to Windows or SQL Azure or any other distributed architecture. While these considerations are consistent with coding any application for distributed computing, they are especially important for a hybrid application. Connection resiliency - Applications on-premise normally have low-latency and good connection properties, something you’re not always guaranteed in a distributed and hybrid application. Whether a centralized client or a distributed one, the code should be able to handle extended retry logic. Authorization and Access - In a single authorization environment like a Active Directory domain, security is handled at a user-password level. In a distributed computing environment, you have more options. You can mitigate this with  using The Windows Azure Application Fabric feature of ACS to make the Azure application aware of the App Fabric as an ADFS provider. However, a claims-based authentication structure is often a superior choice.  Consistency and Concurrency - When you have a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), Consistency and Concurrency are part of the design. In a Service Architecture, you need to plan for sequential message handling and lifecycle. Resources: How to Build a Hybrid On-Premise/In Cloud Application: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ignitionshowcase/archive/2010/11/09/how-to-build-a-hybrid-on-premise-in-cloud-application.aspx  General Architecture guidance: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/buckwoody/archive/2010/12/21/windows-azure-learning-plan-architecture.aspx   

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  • Windows Azure Use Case: Web Applications

    - by BuckWoody
    This is one in a series of posts on when and where to use a distributed architecture design in your organization's computing needs. You can find the main post here: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/buckwoody/archive/2011/01/18/windows-azure-and-sql-azure-use-cases.aspx  Description: Many applications have a requirement to be located outside of the organization’s internal infrastructure control. For instance, the company website for a brick-and-mortar retail company may want to post not only static but interactive content to be available to their external customers, and not want the customers to have access inside the organization’s firewall. There are also cases of pure web applications used for a great many of the internal functions of the business. This allows for remote workers, shared customer/employee workloads and data and other advantages. Some firms choose to host these web servers internally, others choose to contract out the infrastructure to an “ASP” (Application Service Provider) or an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) company. In any case, the design of these applications often resembles the following: In this design, a server (or perhaps more than one) hosts the presentation function (http or https) access to the application, and this same system may hold the computational aspects of the program. Authorization and Access is controlled programmatically, or is more open if this is a customer-facing application. Storage is either placed on the same or other servers, hosted within an RDBMS or NoSQL database, or a combination of the options, all coded into the application. High-Availability within this scenario is often the responsibility of the architects of the application, and by purchasing more hosting resources which must be built, licensed and configured, and manually added as demand requires, although some IaaS providers have a partially automatic method to add nodes for scale-out, if the architecture of the application supports it. Disaster Recovery is the responsibility of the system architect as well. Implementation: In a Windows Azure Platform as a Service (PaaS) environment, many of these architectural considerations are designed into the system. The Azure “Fabric” (not to be confused with the Azure implementation of Application Fabric - more on that in a moment) is designed to provide scalability. Compute resources can be added and removed programmatically based on any number of factors. Balancers at the request-level of the Fabric automatically route http and https requests. The fabric also provides High-Availability for storage and other components. Disaster recovery is a shared responsibility between the facilities (which have the ability to restore in case of catastrophic failure) and your code, which should build in recovery. In a Windows Azure-based web application, you have the ability to separate out the various functions and components. Presentation can be coded for multiple platforms like smart phones, tablets and PC’s, while the computation can be a single entity shared between them. This makes the applications more resilient and more object-oriented, and lends itself to a SOA or Distributed Computing architecture. It is true that you could code up a similar set of functionality in a traditional web-farm, but the difference here is that the components are built into the very design of the architecture. The API’s and DLL’s you call in a Windows Azure code base contains components as first-class citizens. For instance, if you need storage, it is simply called within the application as an object.  Computation has multiple options and the ability to scale linearly. You also gain another component that you would either have to write or bolt-in to a typical web-farm: the Application Fabric. This Windows Azure component provides communication between applications or even to on-premise systems. It provides authorization in either person-based or claims-based perspectives. SQL Azure provides relational storage as another option, and can also be used or accessed from on-premise systems. It should be noted that you can use all or some of these components individually. Resources: Design Strategies for Scalable Active Server Applications - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms972349.aspx  Physical Tiers and Deployment  - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee658120.aspx

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  • Windows Azure Use Case: Agility

    - by BuckWoody
    This is one in a series of posts on when and where to use a distributed architecture design in your organization's computing needs. You can find the main post here: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/buckwoody/archive/2011/01/18/windows-azure-and-sql-azure-use-cases.aspx  Description: Agility in this context is defined as the ability to quickly develop and deploy an application. In theory, the speed at which your organization can develop and deploy an application on available hardware is identical to what you could deploy in a distributed environment. But in practice, this is not always the case. Having an option to use a distributed environment can be much faster for the deployment and even the development process. Implementation: When an organization designs code, they are essentially becoming a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) provider to their own organization. To do that, the IT operations team becomes the Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) to the development teams. From there, the software is developed and deployed using an Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) process. A simplified view of an ALM process is as follows: Requirements Analysis Design and Development Implementation Testing Deployment to Production Maintenance In an on-premise environment, this often equates to the following process map: Requirements Business requirements formed by Business Analysts, Developers and Data Professionals. Analysis Feasibility studies, including physical plant, security, manpower and other resources. Request is placed on the work task list if approved. Design and Development Code written according to organization’s chosen methodology, either on-premise or to multiple development teams on and off premise. Implementation Code checked into main branch. Code forked as needed. Testing Code deployed to on-premise Testing servers. If no server capacity available, more resources procured through standard budgeting and ordering processes. Manual and automated functional, load, security, etc. performed. Deployment to Production Server team involved to select platform and environments with available capacity. If no server capacity available, standard budgeting and procurement process followed. If no server capacity available, systems built, configured and put under standard organizational IT control. Systems configured for proper operating systems, patches, security and virus scans. System maintenance, HA/DR, backups and recovery plans configured and put into place. Maintenance Code changes evaluated and altered according to need. In a distributed computing environment like Windows Azure, the process maps a bit differently: Requirements Business requirements formed by Business Analysts, Developers and Data Professionals. Analysis Feasibility studies, including budget, security, manpower and other resources. Request is placed on the work task list if approved. Design and Development Code written according to organization’s chosen methodology, either on-premise or to multiple development teams on and off premise. Implementation Code checked into main branch. Code forked as needed. Testing Code deployed to Azure. Manual and automated functional, load, security, etc. performed. Deployment to Production Code deployed to Azure. Point in time backup and recovery plans configured and put into place.(HA/DR and automated backups already present in Azure fabric) Maintenance Code changes evaluated and altered according to need. This means that several steps can be removed or expedited. It also means that the business function requesting the application can be held directly responsible for the funding of that request, speeding the process further since the IT budgeting process may not be involved in the Azure scenario. An additional benefit is the “Azure Marketplace”, In effect this becomes an app store for Enterprises to select pre-defined code and data applications to mesh or bolt-in to their current code, possibly saving development time. Resources: Whitepaper download- What is ALM?  http://go.microsoft.com/?linkid=9743693  Whitepaper download - ALM and Business Strategy: http://go.microsoft.com/?linkid=9743690  LiveMeeting Recording on ALM and Windows Azure (registration required, but free): http://www.microsoft.com/uk/msdn/visualstudio/contact-us.aspx?sbj=Developing with Windows Azure (ALM perspective) - 10:00-11:00 - 19th Jan 2011

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  • Windows Azure End to End Examples

    - by BuckWoody
    I’m fascinated by the way people learn. I’m told there are several methods people use to understand new information, from reading to watching, from experiencing to exploring. Personally, I use multiple methods of learning when I encounter a new topic, usually starting with reading a bit about the concepts. I quickly want to put those into practice, however, especially in the technical realm. I immediately look for examples where I can start trying out the concepts. But I often want a “real” example – not just something that represents the concept, but something that is real-world, showing some feature I could actually use. And it’s no different with the Windows Azure platform – I like finding things I can do now, and actually use. So when I started learning Windows Azure, I of course began with the Windows Azure Training Kit – which has lots of examples and labs, presentations and so on. But from there, I wanted more examples I could learn from, and eventually teach others with. I was asked if I would write a few of those up, so here are the ones I use. CodePlex CodePlex is Microsoft’s version of an “Open Source” repository. Anyone can start a project, add code, documentation and more to it and make it available to the world, free of charge, using various licenses as they wish. Microsoft also uses this location for most of the examples we publish, and sample databases for SQL Server. If you search in CodePlex for “Azure”, you’ll come back with a list of projects that folks have posted, including those of us at Microsoft. The source code and documentation are there, so you can learn using actual examples of code that will do what you need. There’s everything from a simple table query to a full project that is sort of a “Corporate Dropbox” that uses Windows Azure Storage. The advantage is that this code is immediately usable. It’s searchable, and you can often find a complete solution to meet your needs. The disadvantage is that the code is pretty specific – it may not cover a huge project like you’re looking for. Also, depending on the author(s), you might not find the documentation level you want. Link: http://azureexamples.codeplex.com/site/search?query=Azure&ac=8    Tailspin Microsoft Patterns and Practices is a group here that does an amazing job at sharing standard ways of doing IT – from operations to coding. If you’re not familiar with this resource, make sure you read up on it. Long before I joined Microsoft I used their work in my daily job – saved a ton of time. It has resources not only for Windows Azure but other Microsoft software as well. The Patterns and Practices group also publishes full books – you can buy these, but many are also online for free. There’s an end-to-end example for Windows Azure using a company called “Tailspin”, and the work covers not only the code but the design of the full solution. If you really want to understand the thought that goes into a Platform-as-a-Service solution, this is an excellent resource. The advantages are that this is a book, it’s complete, and it includes a discussion of design decisions. The disadvantage is that it’s a little over a year old – and in “Cloud” years that’s a lot. So many things have changed, improved, and have been added that you need to treat this as a resource, but not the only one. Still, highly recommended. Link: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff728592.aspx Azure Stock Trader Sometimes you need a mix of a CodePlex-style application, and a little more detail on how it was put together. And it would be great if you could actually play with the completed application, to see how it really functions on the actual platform. That’s the Azure Stock Trader application. There’s a place where you can read about the application, and then it’s been published to Windows Azure – the production platform – and you can use it, explore, and see how it performs. I use this application all the time to demonstrate Windows Azure, or a particular part of Windows Azure. The advantage is that this is an end-to-end application, and online as well. The disadvantage is that it takes a bit of self-learning to work through.  Links: Learn it: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/netframework/bb499684 Use it: https://azurestocktrader.cloudapp.net/

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  • Windows Azure Use Case: High-Performance Computing (HPC)

    - by BuckWoody
    This is one in a series of posts on when and where to use a distributed architecture design in your organization's computing needs. You can find the main post here: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/buckwoody/archive/2011/01/18/windows-azure-and-sql-azure-use-cases.aspx  Description: High-Performance Computing (also called Technical Computing) at its most simplistic is a layout of computer workloads where a “head node” accepts work requests, and parses them out to “worker nodes'”. This is useful in cases such as scientific simulations, drug research, MatLab work and where other large compute loads are required. It’s not the immediate-result type computing many are used to; instead, a “job” or group of work requests is sent to a cluster of computers and the worker nodes work on individual parts of the calculations and return the work to the scheduler or head node for the requestor in a batch-request fashion. This is typical to the way that many mainframe computing use-cases work. You can use commodity-based computers to create an HPC Cluster, such as the Linux application called Beowulf, and Microsoft has a server product for HPC using standard computers, called the Windows Compute Cluster that you can read more about here. The issue with HPC (from any vendor) that some organization have is the amount of compute nodes they need. Having too many results in excess infrastructure, including computers, buildings, storage, heat and so on. Having too few means that the work is slower, and takes longer to return a result to the calling application. Unless there is a consistent level of work requested, predicting the number of nodes is problematic. Implementation: Recently, Microsoft announced an internal partnership between the HPC group (Now called the Technical Computing Group) and Windows Azure. You now have two options for implementing an HPC environment using Windows. You can extend the current infrastructure you have for HPC by adding in Compute Nodes in Windows Azure, using a “Broker Node”.  You can then purchase time for adding machines, and then stop paying for them when the work is completed. This is a common pattern in groups that have a constant need for HPC, but need to “burst” that load count under certain conditions. The second option is to install only a Head Node and a Broker Node onsite, and host all Compute Nodes in Windows Azure. This is often the pattern for organizations that need HPC on a scheduled and periodic basis, such as financial analysis or actuarial table calculations. References: Blog entry on Hybrid HPC with Windows Azure: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ignitionshowcase/archive/2010/12/13/high-performance-computing-on-premise-and-in-the-windows-azure-cloud.aspx  Links for further research on HPC, includes Windows Azure information: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ncdevguy/archive/2011/02/16/handy-links-for-hpc-and-azure.aspx 

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  • The Windows Azure Software Development Kit (SDK) and the Windows Azure Training Kit (WATK)

    - by BuckWoody
    Windows Azure is a platform that allows you to write software, run software, or use software that we've already written. We provide lots of resources to help you do that - many can be found right here in this blog series. There are two primary resources you can use, and it's important to understand what they are and what they do. The Windows Azure Software Development Kit (SDK) Actually, this isn't one resource. We have SDK's for multiple development environments, such as Visual Studio and also Eclipse, along with SDK's for iOS, Android and other environments. Windows Azure is a "back end", so almost any technology or front end system can use it to solve a problem. The SDK's are primarily for development. In the case of Visual Studio, you'll get a runtime environment for Windows Azure which allows you to develop, test and even run code all locally - you do not have to be connected to Windows Azure at all, until you're ready to deploy. You'll also get a few samples and codeblocks, along with all of the libraries you need to code with Windows Azure in .NET, PHP, Ruby, Java and more. The SDK is updated frequently, so check this location to find the latest for your environment and language - just click the bar that corresponds to what you want: http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/develop/downloads/ The Windows Azure Training Kit (WATK) Whether you're writing code, using Windows Azure Virtual Machines (VM's) or working with Hadoop, you can use the WATK to get examples, code, PowerShell scripts, PowerPoint decks, training videos and much more. This should be your second download after the SDK. This is all of the training you need to get started, and even beyond. The WATK is updated frequently - and you can find the latest one here: http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/develop/net/other-resources/training-kit/     There are many other resources - again, check the http://windowsazure.com site, the community newsletter (which introduces the latest features), and my blog for more.

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  • Windows Azure Learning Plan - Compute

    - by BuckWoody
    This is one in a series of posts on a Windows Azure Learning Plan. You can find the main post here. This one deals with the "compute" function of Windows Azure, which includes Configuration Files, the Web Role, the Worker Role, and the VM Role. There is a general programming guide for Windows Azure that you can find here to help with the overall process.   Configuration Files Configuration Files define the environment for a Windows Azure application, similar to an ASP.NET application. This section explains how to work with these. General Introduction and Overview http://blogs.itmentors.com/bill/2009/11/04/configuration-files-and-windows-azure/ Service Definition File Schema http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee758711.aspx Service Configuration File Schema http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee758710.aspx  Windows Azure Web Role The Web Role runs code (such as ASP pages) that require a User Interface. Web Role "Boot Camp" Video  https://msevents.microsoft.com/CUI/WebCastEventDetails.aspx?culture=en-US&EventID=1032470854&CountryCode=US Web Role Deployment Checklist http://blogs.infragistics.com/blogs/anton_staykov/archive/2010/06/30/windows-azure-web-role-deployment-checklist.aspx  Using a Web Role as a Worker Role for Small Applications http://www.31a2ba2a-b718-11dc-8314-0800200c9a66.com/2010/12/how-to-combine-worker-and-web-role-in.html Windows Azure Worker Role  The Worker Role is used for code that does not require a direct User Interface. Worker Role "Boot Camp" Video https://msevents.microsoft.com/CUI/WebCastEventDetails.aspx?culture=en-US&EventID=1032470871&CountryCode=US Worker Role versus Web Roles http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg433012.aspx Deploying other applications (like Java) in a Windows Azure Worker Role http://blogs.msdn.com/b/mariok/archive/2011/01/05/deploying-java-applications-in-azure.aspx Windows Azure VM Role The Windows Azure VM Role is an Operating System-level mechanism for code deployment. VM Role Overview and Details  http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg465398.aspx  The proper use of the VM Role http://blogs.msdn.com/b/buckwoody/archive/2010/12/28/the-proper-use-of-the-vm-role-in-windows-azure.aspx

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