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  • Tips about how to spread Object Oriented practices

    - by Augusto
    I work for a medium company that has around 250 developers. Unfortunately, lots of them are stuck in a procedural way of thinking and some teams constantly deliver big Transactional Script applications, when in fact the application contains rich logic. They also fail to manage the design dependencies, and end up with services which depend on another large number of services (a clean example of Big Ball of Mud). My question is: Can you suggest how to spread this type of knowledge? I know that the surface of the problem is that these applications have a poor architecture and design. Another issue is that there are some developers who are against writing any kind of test. A few things I'm doing to change this (but I'm either failing or the change is too small are) Running presentations about design principles (SOLID, clean code, etc). Workshops about TDD and BDD. Coaching teams (this includes using sonar, findbugs, jdepend and other tools). IDE & Refactoring talks. A few things I'm thinking to do in the future (but I'm concern that they might not be good) Form a team of OO evangelists, who disseminate an OO way of thinking in differet teams (these people would need to change teams every few months). Running design review sessions, to criticise the design and suggest improvements (even if the improvements are not done because of time constraints, I think this might be useful) . Something I found with the teams I coach, is that as soon as I leave them, they revert back to the old practices. I know I don't spend a lot of time with them, usually just one month. So whatever I'm doing, it doesn't stick. I'm sorry this question is spattered with frustration, but the alterative to write this was to hit my head on the wall until I pass out.

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  • Object construction design

    - by James
    I recently started to use c# to interface with a database, and there was one part of the process that appeared odd to me. When creating a SqlCommand, the method I was lead to took the form: SqlCommand myCommand = new SqlCommand("Command String", myConnection); Coming from a Java background, I was expecting something more similar to SqlCommand myCommand = myConnection.createCommand("Command String"); I am asking, in terms of design, what is the difference between the two? The phrase "single responsibility" has been used to suggest that a connection should not be responsible for creating SqlCommands, but I would also say that, in my mind, the difference between the two is partly a mental one of the difference between a connection executing a command and a command acting on a connection, the latter of which seems less like what I have been lead to believe OOP should be. There is also a part of me wondering if the two should be completely separate, and should only come together in some sort of connection.execute(command) method. Can anyone help clear up these differences? Are any of these methods "more correct" than the others from an OO point of view? (P.S. the fact that c# is used is completely irrelevant. It just highlighted to me that different approaches were used)

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  • Using visitor pattern with large object hierarchy

    - by T. Fabre
    Context I've been using with a hierarchy of objects (an expression tree) a "pseudo" visitor pattern (pseudo, as in it does not use double dispatch) : public interface MyInterface { void Accept(SomeClass operationClass); } public class MyImpl : MyInterface { public void Accept(SomeClass operationClass) { operationClass.DoSomething(); operationClass.DoSomethingElse(); // ... and so on ... } } This design was, however questionnable, pretty comfortable since the number of implementations of MyInterface is significant (~50 or more) and I didn't need to add extra operations. Each implementation is unique (it's a different expression or operator), and some are composites (ie, operator nodes that will contain other operator/leaf nodes). Traversal is currently performed by calling the Accept operation on the root node of the tree, which in turns calls Accept on each of its child nodes, which in turn... and so on... But the time has come where I need to add a new operation, such as pretty printing : public class MyImpl : MyInterface { // Property does not come from MyInterface public string SomeProperty { get; set; } public void Accept(SomeClass operationClass) { operationClass.DoSomething(); operationClass.DoSomethingElse(); // ... and so on ... } public void Accept(SomePrettyPrinter printer) { printer.PrettyPrint(this.SomeProperty); } } I basically see two options : Keep the same design, adding a new method for my operation to each derived class, at the expense of maintainibility (not an option, IMHO) Use the "true" Visitor pattern, at the expense of extensibility (not an option, as I expect to have more implementations coming along the way...), with about 50+ overloads of the Visit method, each one matching a specific implementation ? Question Would you recommand using the Visitor pattern ? Is there any other pattern that could help solve this issue ?

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  • why does array initialization in function other than main is temporary? [on hold]

    - by shafeeq
    This is the code in which i initialize array "turn[20]" in main as well as in function "checkCollisionOrFood()",the four values turn[0],turn[1],turn[2],turn[3] are initialized to zero in main function,rest are being intialized in "checkCollisionOrFood()".This is where fault starts.when i initialize turn[4]=0 in "checkCollisionOrFood()" and then access it anywhere,it remains 0 in any function,but! when i initialize next turn[] i.e turn[5],the value of turn[4] gets depleted .i.e turn[4] have garbage value.turn[20] is global variable,its index"head" is also global.I'm stuck.Plz help me get out of it.Ishall be highly obliged for this act of kindness.This is my excerpt of code unsigned short checkCollisionOrFood(){ head=(head+1)%20; if(turn[head-1]==0){ turn[head]=0; /this is where turn[] is iniliazized and if i access turn[head] here i.e just after iniliazition then it gives correct value but if i access its previous value means turn[head-1]then it gives garbage value/ rowHead=(rowHead+1)%8; if(!(address[colHead]&(1<<rowHead)))return 1; else if((address[colHead]&(1<<rowHead))&& (!((colHead==foody)&&(rowHead==foodx))))gameOver(); else return 0; } if(turn[head-1]==1){ turn[head]=1; colHead=(colHead+1)%8; if(!(address[colHead]&(1<<rowHead)))return 1; else if((address[colHead]&(1<<rowHead))&& (!((colHead==foody)&&(rowHead==foodx))))gameOver(); else return 0; } } void main(void) { turn[0]=0;turn[1]=0;turn[2]=0;turn[3]=0; /these values of turn[] are not changed irrespective of where they are accessed./ while (1) { if(checkCollisionOrFood()) { PORTB=(address[colHead] |=1<<rowHead); turnOffTail(); blink(); } else { PORTB=address[colHead]; createFood(); blink(); } } } Plz help me.

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  • Object desing problem for simple school application

    - by Aragornx
    I want to create simple school application that provides grades,notes,presence,etc. for students,teachers and parents. I'm trying to design objects for this problem and I'm little bit confused - because I'm not very experienced in class designing. Some of my present objects are : class PersonalData() { private String name; private String surename; private Calendar dateOfBirth; [...] } class Person { private PersonalData personalData; } class User extends Person { private String login; private char[] password; } class Student extends Person { private ArrayList<Counselor> counselors = new ArrayList<>(); } class Counselor extends Person { private ArrayList<Student> children = new ArrayList<>(); } class Teacher extends Person { private ArrayList<ChoolClass> schoolClasses = new ArrayList<>(); private ArrayList<Subject> subjects = new ArrayList<>(); } This is of course a general idea. But I'm sure it's not the best way. For example I want that one person could be a Teacher and also a Parent(Counselor) and present approach makes me to have two Person objects. I want that user after successful logging in get all roles that it has (Student or Teacher or (Teacher & Parent) ). I think I should make and use some interfaces but I'm not sure how to do this right. Maybe like this: interface Role { } interface TeacherRole implements Role { void addGrade( Student student, Grade grade, [...] ); } class Teacher implements TeacherRole { private Person person; [...] } class User extends Person{ ArrayList<Role> roles = new ArrayList<>(); } Please if anyone could help me to make this right or maybe just point me to some literature/article that covers practical objects design.

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  • Structuring Access Control In Hierarchical Object Graph

    - by SB2055
    I have a Folder entity that can be Moderated by users. Folders can contain other folders. So I may have a structure like this: Folder 1 Folder 2 Folder 3 Folder 4 I have to decide how to implement Moderation for this entity. I've come up with two options: Option 1 When the user is given moderation privileges to Folder 1, define a moderator relationship between Folder 1 and User 1. No other relationships are added to the db. To determine if the user can moderate Folder 3, I check and see if User 1 is the moderator of any parent folders. This seems to alleviate some of the complexity of handling updates / moved entities / additions under Folder 1 after the relationship has been defined, and reverting the relationship means I only have to deal with one entity. Option 2 When the user is given moderation privileges to Folder 1, define a new relationship between User 1 and Folder 1, and all child entities down to the grandest of grandchildren when the relationship is created, and if it's ever removed, iterate back down the graph to remove the relationship. If I add something under Folder 2 after this relationship has been made, I just copy all Moderators into the new Entity. But when I need to show only the top-level Folders that a user is Moderating, I need to query all folders that have a parent folder that the user does not moderate, as opposed to option 1, where I just query any items that the user is moderating. Thoughts I think it comes down to determining if users will be querying for all parent items more than they'll be querying child items... if so, then option 1 seems better. But I'm not sure. Is either approach better than the other? Why? Or is there another approach that's better than both? I'm using Entity Framework in case it matters.

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  • Is possible to initialize an object in javascript in this way?

    - by Kucebe
    I'd like to initialize an object in javascript calling directly a method that belongs to it: var obj = (function(){ return{ init: function(){ console.log("initialized!"); }, uninit: function(x){ console.log("uninitialized!"); } }; }).init(); //later obj.uninit(); obj.init(); This specific example doesn't work, is there something similar?

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  • iPhone -- initialization partly by NSKeyedUnarchiver and partly by other means

    - by William Jockusch
    I have an object myObj, which is an instance of a class MyClass. Some of its instance variables always have their initial values passed in by the calling code. Other instance variables will be initialized in one of two ways. For an instanceArray of type NSMutableArray, the possibilities are either instanceArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init]; or instanceArray = [someKeyedUnarchiver decodeObjectForKey: kInstanceArrayKey]; The calling code should determine which of the above will be used. Any particular design pattern I should prefer?

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  • Custom class object in Initialization list

    - by Michael
    I have a class Bar: class Bar { public: Bar(void); ~Bar(void); }; And a class Foo that gets a reference to Bar object as a constructor parameter and needs to save it in a private member bar_ : class Foo { private: Bar& bar_; public: Foo(Bar& bar) : bar_(bar) {} ~Foo(void) {} }; This doesn't compile : overloaded member function not found in 'Parser' missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int Now i suspect couple of things that i need to assure, the second error is for Bar& bar_; declaration in Foo. Do i need to use an explicit constructor when declaring bar_ ? I am interested in learning how the compiler works regarding this matter, so a detailed explanation would be highly appreciated. Thanks.

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  • SQL SERVER – Error: Fix – Msg 208 – Invalid object name ‘dbo.backupset’ – Invalid object name ‘dbo.backupfile’

    - by pinaldave
    Just a day before I got a very interesting email. Here is the email (modified a bit to make it relevant to this blog post). “Pinal, We are facing a very strange issue. One of our query  related to backup files and backup set has stopped working suddenly in SSMS. It works fine in application where we have and in the stored procedure but when we have it in our SSMS it gives following error. Msg 208, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Invalid object name ‘dbo.backupfile’. Here are our queries which we are trying to execute. SELECT name, database_name, backup_size, TYPE, compatibility_level, backup_set_id FROM dbo.backupset; SELECT logical_name, backup_size, file_type FROM dbo.backupfile; This query gives us details related to backupset and backup files when the backup was taken.” When I receive this kind of email, usually I have no answers directly. The claim that it works in stored procedure and in application but not in SSMS gives me no real data. I have requested him to very first check following two things: If he is connected to correct server? His answer was yes. If he has enough permissions? His answer was he was logged in as an admin. This means there was something more to it and I requested him to send me a screenshot of the his SSMS. He promptly sends that to me and as soon as I receive the screen shot I knew what was going on. Before I say anything take a look at the screenshot yourself and see if you can figure out why his queries are not working in SSMS. Just to make your life a bit easy, I have already given a hint in the image. The answer is very simple, the context of the database is master database. To execute above two queries the context of the database has to be msdb. Tables backupset and backupfile belong to the database msdb only. Here are two workaround or solution to above problem: 1) Change context to MSDB Above two queries when they will run as following they will not error out and will give the accurate desired result. USE msdb GO SELECT name, database_name, backup_size, TYPE, compatibility_level, backup_set_id FROM dbo.backupset; SELECT logical_name, backup_size, file_type FROM dbo.backupfile; 2) Prefix the query with msdb There are cases above script used in stored procedure or part of big query, it is not possible to change the context of the whole query to any specific database. Use three part naming convention and prefix them with msdb. SELECT name, database_name, backup_size, TYPE, compatibility_level, backup_set_id FROM msdb.dbo.backupset; SELECT logical_name, backup_size, file_type FROM msdb.dbo.backupfile; Very simple solution but sometime keeps people wondering for an answer. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Error Messages, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • WinForms Load Event / Static Initialization Strangeness

    - by Eric J.
    Background I'm troubleshooting an WinForms 2.0 program that's already been burned to CD for distribution to an internet-challenged target audience. Some users are experiencing a fatal error that I can reproduce locally. Reproducing the Error I get the fatal error when I log into my Vista box using a standard user that I just created, even if I run the program as administrator. I do not get the fatal error when I log in as local administrator. I'm not sure that being administrator is necessarily the trigger (since runas did not help). I have reproduced this half a dozen times under each account with consistent results. The faulty code Base.cs (base class for several user controls, only one of which is shown on first screen) private void BaseWindow_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { // This message shown once in both cases MessageBox.Show("BaseWindow_Load for " + this.GetType().FullName); SkinManager.ApplySkin(this); } SkinManager.cs private static Skin skin = null; public static void ApplySkin(UserControl applyTo) { if (skin == null) { skin = new Skin(SkinsDirectory, "Default"); } } Skin.cs internal Skin(string skinPath, string skinName) { config = SkinConfig.Load(path); } SkinConfig.cs public static SkinConfig Load(string path) { // This message shown only once running as Admin but twice running as standard user System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("@1"); // !!! LOCK path HERE !!! } A user control loads on the first form, which triggers a call to SkinManager.ApplySkin, which checks if skin is null and, if so assigns it (without thread synchronization or recursion protection), which ultimately causes a file to be opened. When logged in as local admin, that sequence completes just fine. When logged in as my test standard user, ApplySkin is always called a second time while skin is still null, causing a second attempt to load, causing the file to be locked on the second attempt. The error handling is draconian at this point and the program terminates. The Question While this code can be easily fixed, I would like to understand why the error is happening only in some cases.

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  • Array variable initialization error in Java

    - by trinity
    Hello I am trying to write a Java program that reads an input file consisting of URLs, extracts tokens from these, and keeps track of how many times each token appears in the file. I've written the following code: import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class Main { static class Tokens { String name; int count; } public static void main(String[] args) { String url_str,host; String htokens[]; URL url; boolean found=false; Tokens t[]; int i,j,k; try { File f=new File("urlfile.txt"); FileReader fr=new FileReader(f); BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(fr); while((url_str=br.readLine())!=null) { url=new URL(url_str); host=url.getHost(); htokens=host.split("\\.|\\-|\\_|\\~|[0-9]"); for(i=0;i<htokens.length;i++) { if(!htokens[i].isEmpty()) { for(j=0;j<t.length;j++) { if(htokens[i].equals(t[j].name)) { t[j].count++; found=true; } } if(!found) { k=t.length; t[k].name=htokens[i]; t[k].count=1; } } } System.out.println(t.length + "class tokens :"); for(i=0;i<t.length;i++) { System.out.println( "name :"+t[i].name+" frequency :"+t[i].count); } } br.close(); fr.close(); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } } } But when I run it, it says: variable t not initialized.. What should I do to set it right?

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  • Basic C++ Speed (initialization vs adding) and comparison speed

    - by seld
    I was curious if anyone knows which of the following executes faster (I know this seems like a weird question but I'm trying to shave as much time and resources as possible off my program.) int i; i+=1; or int i; i=1; and I also was curious about which comparison is faster: //given some integer i // X is some constant i < X+1 or i<=X

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  • class array variable initialization error in java

    - by trinity
    Hello I am trying to write a java program that reads an input file consisting of URLs , extracts tokens from these , and accordingly insert into : class Tokens { String name ; int count ; } , where name is the name of every unique token , and count is the frequency of that token in the URLs file..I've written the following code : import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class Main { static class Tokens { String name; int count; } public static void main(String[] args) { String url_str,host; String htokens[]; URL url; boolean found=false; Tokens t[]; int i,j,k; try { File f=new File("urlfile.txt"); FileReader fr=new FileReader(f); BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(fr); while((url_str=br.readLine())!=null) { url=new URL(url_str); host=url.getHost(); htokens=host.split("\\.|\\-|\\_|\\~|[0-9]"); for(i=0;i<htokens.length;i++) { if(!htokens[i].isEmpty()) { for(j=0;j<t.length;j++) { if(htokens[i].equals(t[j].name)) { t[j].count++; found=true; } } if(!found) { k=t.length; t[k].name=htokens[i]; t[k].count=1; } } } System.out.println(t.length + "class tokens :"); for(i=0;i<t.length;i++) { System.out.println("name :"+t[i].name+" frequency :"+t[i].count); } } br.close(); fr.close(); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } } } But when i run it , it says : variable t not initialized.. What should i do to set it right ?

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  • Java: define terms initialization, declaration and assignment

    - by HH
    I find the defs circular statements, the subjects are defined by their verbs but the verbs are undefined! So how do you define them? The question is central to understand the term final, related. The Circular Definitions itialization: to initilise a variable. It can be can be done at the time of declaration. assignment: to assign value to a variable. It can be done anywhere. declaration: to declare value to a variable.

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  • How to make an object stay relative to another object

    - by Nick
    In the following example there is a guy and a boat. They have both a position, orientation and velocity. The guy is standing on the shore and would like to board. He changes his position so he is now standing on the boat. The boat changes velocity and orientation and heads off. My character however has a velocity of 0,0,0 but I would like him to stay onboard. When I move my character around, I would like to move as if the boat was the ground I was standing on. How do keep my character aligned properly with the boat? It is exactly like in World Of Warcraft, when you board a boat or zeppelin. This is my physics code for the guy and boat: this.velocity.addSelf(acceleration.multiplyScalar(dTime)); this.position.addSelf(this.velocity.clone().multiplyScalar(dTime)); The guy already has a reference to the boat he's standing on, and thus knows the boat's position, velocity, orientation (even matrices or quaternions can be used).

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  • SD card initialization using SPI interface

    - by Tobias
    I get invalid response Codes from my SD Card(CMD8, CMD55, CMD41) Init routine: SDCS = 1; // MMC deaktiviert SPI1CON1bits.SMP = 0; SPI1CON1bits.CKE = 1; SPI1CON1bits.MSTEN = 1; SPI1CON1bits.CKP = 0; SPI1STATbits.SPIEN = 1; for(i=0;i<10;i++) SPI(0xFF); // RESET unsigned char rr=Command(CMD0,0); SDCS=1; // MMC deactivated /*OK response == 1*/ r=Command(CMD8,0); // check voltage SDCS=1; /* response == 0xC1 ?!? */ r = Command(CMD58,0); // READ_OCR unsigned char ocr1 = SPI(0xFF); unsigned char ocr2 = SPI(0xFF); unsigned char ocr3 = SPI(0xFF); unsigned char ocr4 = SPI(0xFF); unsigned char ocr5 = SPI(0xFF); /* r = 0xF8; ?!? ocr1 = 0x0F; ocr2 = 0xFF; ocr3 = 0xFF; ocr4 = 0xFF; ocr5 = 0xFF; */ SDCS=1; // INIT unsigned char rrr = 0; i=10000; do { rrr=Command(55,0); // Next is APP CMD SDCS=1; if(r) break; }while(--i>0); /* OK response == 1 */ // APP CMD 41 with OCR = 0x0F?? You can read the response codes in the comments. Is it possible the response code to CMD8 is 0xC1? Bit 7 should be 0, right? Is it a hardware error?

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  • Initialization of std::vector<unsigned int> with a list of consecutive unsigned integers

    - by Thomas
    I want to use a special method to initialize a std::vector<unsigned int> which is described in a C++ book I use as a reference (the German book 'Der C++ Programmer' by Ulrich Breymann, in case that matters). In that book is a section on sequence types of the STL, referring in particular to list, vector and deque. In this section he writes that there are two special constructors of such sequence types, namely, if Xrefers to such a type, X(n, t) // creates a sequence with n copies of t X(i, j) // creates a sequence from the elements of the interval [i, j) I want to use the second one for an interval of unsigned int, that is std::vector<unsigned int> l(1U, 10U); to get a list initialized with {1,2,...,9}. What I get, however, is a vector with one unsigned int with value 10 :-| Does the second variant exist, and if yes, how do I force that it is called?

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  • Java ArrayList initialization

    - by Jonathan
    I am aware that you can initialize an array during instantiation as follows: String[] names = new String[] {"Ryan", "Julie", "Bob"}; Is there a way to do the same thing with an ArrayList? Or must I add the contents individually with array.add()? Thanks, Jonathan

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  • Initialization of an ArrayList in one line.

    - by Macarse
    I am willing to create a list of options to test something. I was doing: ArrayList<String> places = new ArrayList<String>(); places.add("Buenos Aires"); places.add("Córdoba"); places.add("La Plata"); I refactor the code doing: ArrayList<String> places = new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList("Buenos Aires", "Córdoba", "La Plata")); Is there a better way of doing this? Thanks for reading!

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  • DRY Ruby Initialization with Hash Argument

    - by ktex
    I find myself using hash arguments to constructors quite a bit, especially when writing DSLs for configuration or other bits of API that the end user will be exposed to. What I end up doing is something like the following: class Example PROPERTIES = [:name, :age] PROPERTIES.each { |p| attr_reader p } def initialize(args) PROPERTIES.each do |p| self.instance_variable_set "@#{p}", args[p] if not args[p].nil? end end end Is there no more idiomatic way to achieve this? The throw-away constant and the symbol to string conversion seem particularly egregious.

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  • How to play the sound of an object sliding on another object for a variable duration

    - by Antoine
    I would like to add sound effects to a basic 2D game. For example, a stone sphere is rolling on wood surface. Let's say I have a 2 second audio recording of this. How could I use the sample to add sound for an arbitrary duration ? So far I have two solutions in mind: a/ record the sound for an amount of time that is greater than the maximum expected duration, and play only a part of it; b/ extract a small portion of the sample and play it in a loop for the duration of the move; however I'm not sure if it makes sense with an audio wave.

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  • Is this pointer initialization necessary?

    - by bstullkid
    Lets say I have the following: CHARLINK * _init_link(CHARLINK **link) { short i; (*link)->cl = (CHARLINK **) calloc(NUM_CHARS, sizeof(CHARLINK *)); for (i = 0; i < NUM_CHARS; i++) (*link)->cl[i] = NULL; return (*link); } Is the loop to initialize each element to NULL necessary or are they automatically NULL from calloc?

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