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  • Why use Python interactive mode?

    - by mvid
    When I first started reading about Python, all of the tutorials have you use Python's Interactive Mode. It is difficult to save, write long programs, or edit your existing lines (for me at least). It seems like a far more difficult way of writing Python code than opening up a code.py file and running the interpreter on that file. python code.py I am coming from a Java background, so I have ingrained expectations of writing and compiling files for programs. I also know that a feature would not be so prominent in Python documentation if it were not somehow useful. So what am I missing?

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  • Boost.Python tutorial in Ubuntu 10.04

    - by Doughy
    I downloaded the latest version of Boost and I'm trying to get the Boost.python tutorial up and running on Ubuntu 10.04: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_43_0/libs/python/doc/tutorial/doc/html/python/hello.html I navigated to the correct directory, ran "bjam" and it compiled using default settings. I did not yet create a bjam config file. The compilation appears to have worked, but now I have no idea how to include the files in my python script. When I try to run the python hello world script, it gives me this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "./hello.py", line 6, in <module> import hello_ext ImportError: libboost_python.so.1.43.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Anyone know what is going on?

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  • Avoiding accidentally catching KeyboardInterrupt and SystemExit in Python 2.4

    - by jrdioko
    In Python scripts, there are many cases where a keyboard interrupt (Ctrl-C) fails to kill the process because of a bare except clause somewhere in the code: try: foo() except: bar() The standard solution in Python 2.5 or higher is to catch Exception rather than using bare except clauses: try: foo() except Exception: bar() This works because, as of Python 2.5, KeyboardInterrupt and SystemExit inherit from BaseException, not Exception. However, some installations are still running Python 2.4. How can this problem be handled in versions prior to Python 2.5? (I'm going to answer this question myself, but putting it here so people searching for it can find a solution.)

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  • Is rotating the lead developer a good or bad idea?

    - by Renesis
    I work on a team that has been flat organizationally since it's creation several months ago. My manager is non-technical and this means that our whole team is responsible for decision-making. My manager is beginning to realize that there are several benefits to having a lead developer, both for his sake (a single point of contact and single responsible party for tasks) and ours (dispute resolution, organized technical guidance, etc.). Because the team has been flat, one concern is that picking one lead developer may discourage the others. A non-developer suggested to my manager that rotating the lead developer is a possible way to avoid this issue. One developer would be lead one month, another the next, and so on. Is this a good idea? Why or why not? Keep in mind that this means all developers — All developers are good, but not necessarily equally suited to leadership. And if it is not, suppose I am likely the best candidate for lead developer — how do I recommend that we avoid this approach without looking like it's merely for selfish reasons? (In other words, the team is small enough that anyone recommending a single leader is likely to appear to be recommending themselves — especially those who have been part of the team longer.)

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  • Having a Python package install itself under a different name

    - by cool-RR
    I'm developing a package called garlicsim. (Website.) The package is intended for Python 2.X, but I am also offerring Python 3 support on a different fork called garlicsim_py3.(1) So both of these packages live side by side on PyPI, and Python 3 users install garlicsim_py3, and Python 2 users install garlicsim. The problem is: When third party modules want to use garlicsim, they should have one package name to refer to, not two. Sure, they can do something like this: try: import garlicsim except ImportError: import garlicsim_py3 as garlicsim But I would prefer not to make the developers of these modules do this. Is there a way that garlicsim_py3 will install itself under the alias garlicsim? What I want is for a Python 3 user to be able to import garlicsim and refer to the module all the time as garlicsim, but that it will really be garlicsim_py3. I know that the Distribute project does something like this: They make it so you can import setuptools and it will be redirected into their code. I have no idea how they do it. Any ideas? (1) I've reached the decision to support Python 3 on a fork instead of in the same code base; It's important for me that the code base will be clean, and I would really not want to introduce compatibilty hacks.

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  • Getting syntax errors when building with python 3.1 and not with python 2.6

    - by mathan
    Hi All, Using Mac os X 10.6, python 3.1 and gcc 4.0 trying to build pyfsevent implemented in python2.6 by converting it to python 3.1. Wondering when getting the following errors while building in python 3.1 alone. Why not when building with python 2.6? error: syntax error before ‘CFFileDescriptorRef’ warning: no semicolon at end of struct or union error: syntax error before ‘}’ token warning: data definition has no type or storage clas

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  • Python: disabling $HOME/.python-eggs?

    - by Mark Harrison
    Is there an easy way to disable Python egg caching? We have the situation where a system account needs to run a python program which imports a module. Since this is a non-login robot account, it does not have a home directory, and dies trying to create the directory /.python-eggs. What's the best way to fix this? Can I convert my eggs in site-files to something which will not be cached in .python-eggs?

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  • Syntax error when using "with open" in Python (python newbie)

    - by Tony
    [root@234571-app2 git]# ./test.py File "./test.py", line 4 with open("/home/git/post-receive-email.log",'a') as log_file: ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax The code looks like this: [root@234571-app2 git]# more test.py #!/usr/bin/python from __future__ import with_statement with open("/home/git/post-receive-email.log",'a') as log_file: log_file.write("hello world") and I am using Python 2.5.5 [root@234571-app2 git]# python -V Python 2.5.5

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  • Customize Team Build 2010 – Part 16: Specify the relative reference path

    In the series the following parts have been published Part 1: Introduction Part 2: Add arguments and variables Part 3: Use more complex arguments Part 4: Create your own activity Part 5: Increase AssemblyVersion Part 6: Use custom type for an argument Part 7: How is the custom assembly found Part 8: Send information to the build log Part 9: Impersonate activities (run under other credentials) Part 10: Include Version Number in the Build Number Part 11: Speed up opening my build process template Part 12: How to debug my custom activities Part 13: Get control over the Build Output Part 14: Execute a PowerShell script Part 15: Fail a build based on the exit code of a console application Part 16: Specify the relative reference path As I have already blogged about, it is not intuitive how to specify the paths where the build server has to look for references that are stored in Source Control. It is a common practice to store 3rd party libraries in Source Control, so they are available to everyone, everyone uses the same version of the libraries and updating a library can be done centrally. In Team Build 2010 these paths are specified as a parameter for MSBuild. What we will do in this post is building the values for this parameter based on the values in an argument. You are now pretty aware how to customize the build template, so let’s do the modifications in another way. Instead of opening the xaml file in the workflow designer, we open it in the XML editor. You can open it in the XML Editor by either selecting the Open with menu (see the context menu), or by choosing the View code option. To add this functionality we need to: Specify a new argument Add the argument to the metadata Build the absolute paths for the references and add these paths to the MSBuild arguments 1. Specify a new argument Locate at the top of the document the Members (which are the arguments) of the XAML and add the following line <x:Property Name="ReferencePaths" Type="InArgument(s:String[])" /> 2. Add the argument to the metadata Then locate the line <mtbw:ProcessParameterMetadataCollection> and paste the following line <mtbw:ProcessParameterMetadata Category="Misc" Description="The list of reference paths, relative to the root path in the Workspace mapping." DisplayName="Reference paths" ParameterName="ReferencePaths" /> 3. Build the absolute paths for the references and add these paths to the MSBuild arguments Now locate the place where the assignments are done to the variables used in the agent. And add the following lines after the last Assign activity         <Sequence DisplayName="Initialize ReferencePath" sap:VirtualizedContainerService.HintSize="464,428">           <Sequence.Variables>             <Variable x:TypeArguments="x:String" Name="ReferencePathsArgument">               <Variable.Default>                 <Literal x:TypeArguments="x:String" Value="" />               </Variable.Default>             </Variable>           </Sequence.Variables>           <sap:WorkflowViewStateService.ViewState>             <scg:Dictionary x:TypeArguments="x:String, x:Object">               <x:Boolean x:Key="IsExpanded">True</x:Boolean>             </scg:Dictionary>           </sap:WorkflowViewStateService.ViewState>           <ForEach x:TypeArguments="x:String" DisplayName="Iterate through the paths" sap:VirtualizedContainerService.HintSize="287,206" mtbwt:BuildTrackingParticipant.Importance="Low" Values="[ReferencePaths]">             <ActivityAction x:TypeArguments="x:String">               <ActivityAction.Argument>                 <DelegateInArgument x:TypeArguments="x:String" Name="path" />               </ActivityAction.Argument>               <Assign x:TypeArguments="x:String" DisplayName="Build ReferencePath argument" sap:VirtualizedContainerService.HintSize="257,100" mtbwt:BuildTrackingParticipant.Importance="Low"  To="[ReferencePathsArgument]" Value="[If(String.IsNullOrEmpty(ReferencePathsArgument), &quot;&quot;, ReferencePathsArgument + &quot;;&quot;) + IO.Path.Combine(SourcesDirectory, path)]" />             </ActivityAction>           </ForEach>           <Assign DisplayName="Append the reference paths to the MSBuild Arguments" sap:VirtualizedContainerService.HintSize="287,58">             <Assign.To>               <OutArgument x:TypeArguments="x:String">[MSBuildArguments]</OutArgument>             </Assign.To>             <Assign.Value>               <InArgument x:TypeArguments="x:String">[String.Format("{0} /p:ReferencePath=""{1}""", MSBuildArguments, ReferencePathsArgument)]</InArgument>             </Assign.Value>           </Assign>         </Sequence> Now you can use the template to specify the paths relative to SourcesDirectory. You can download the full solution at BuildProcess.zip. It will include the sources of every part and will continue to evolve.

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  • Python web devlopment framework for python 3.1 user

    - by iama
    I have been learning python for some time now. While starting this "learning python" endeavor I decided to learn the latest and greatest 3.1 version of python. I regret this decision now because I wanted to try my hands on some of the python web development frameworks & it looks like many of them does not support 3.1 yet & it looks like it might take them years to support the new version of Python especially Django and TurboGears. This is really disappointing. Therefore, SO users, do you have any recommendation for a web framework for me that runs on 3.1 and supports some of the modern (I guess I will never learn ;-)) web framework features like MVC/ORM/URL Routing/Caching etc. Many thanks for your response.

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  • How can I sandbox Python in pure Python?

    - by Blixt
    I'm developing a web game in pure Python, and want some simple scripting available to allow for more dynamic game content. Game content can be added live by privileged users. It would be nice if the scripting language could be Python. However, it can't run with access to the environment the game runs on since a malicious user could wreak havoc which would be bad. Is it possible to run sandboxed Python in pure Python? If not, are there any open source script interpreters written in pure Python that I could use? The requirements are support for variables, basic conditionals and function calls (not definitions).

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  • How to choose python version to install in gentoo

    - by Shamanu4
    Hello, I'm using linux gentoo and i want to install python2.5 but it's a problem. emerge -av python shows These are the packages that would be merged, in order: Calculating dependencies... done! [ebuild U ] dev-lang/python-3.1.2-r3 [3.1.1-r1] USE="gdbm ipv6 ncurses readline ssl threads (wide-unicode%*) xml -build -doc -examples -sqlite* -tk -wininst (-ucs2%)" 9,558 kB [ebuild U ] app-admin/python-updater-0.8 [0.7] 8 kB and there are ebuild for more versions: # ls /usr/portage/dev-lang/python ChangeLog files Manifest metadata.xml python-2.4.6.ebuild python-2.5.4-r4.ebuild python-2.6.4-r1.ebuild python-2.6.5-r2.ebuild python-3.1.2-r3.ebuild How to choose ebuild that I want? (python-2.5.4-r4)

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  • what could cause a script to fail to find python when it has `#!/usr/bin/env python` in the first line?

    - by jcollum
    Trying to get casperjs running on Ubuntu 12.04. After installing it when I run I get: 09:20 $ ll /usr/local/bin/casperjs lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Nov 6 16:49 /usr/local/bin/casperjs -> /opt/casperjs/bin/casperjs 09:20 $ /usr/bin/env python --version Python 2.7.3 09:20 $ cat /opt/casperjs/bin/casperjs | head -4 #!/usr/bin/env python import os import sys 09:20 $ casperjs : No such file or directory 09: 22 $ python Python 2.7.3 (default, Sep 26 2013, 20:03:06) [GCC 4.6.3] on linux2 So Python is present and runnable, casperjs is pointing to the right place and it is a python script. But when I run it I get "No such file". I can fix it by changing the first line of the casperjs python file from: #!/usr/bin/env python to: #!/usr/bin/python Result: $ casperjs --version 1.1.0-DEV I managed to fix it, but I'm wondering why it didn't work with #!/usr/bin/env python, since that seems to be a normal interpreter line. Do I have something configured wrong? Here are the steps to get casperjs: $ git clone git://github.com/n1k0/casperjs.git $ cd casperjs $ ln -sf `pwd`/bin/casperjs /usr/local/bin/casperjs $ casperjs : No such file or directory

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  • Odd difference between Python 2.5 and Python 2.6 on MacOS 10.6 using ctypes and libproc proc_pidinfo

    - by cemasoniv
    I'm trying to determine the current working directory of a process given its PID. The command-line utility lsof does something similar. Here's the source to the python script: import ctypes from ctypes import util import sys PROC_PIDVNODEPATHINFO = 9 proc = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(util.find_library("libproc")) print(proc.proc_pidinfo) class vnode_info(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = [('data', ctypes.c_ubyte * 152)] class vnode_info_path(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = [('vip_vi', vnode_info), ('vip_path', ctypes.c_char * 1024)] class proc_vnodepathinfo(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = [('pvi_cdir', vnode_info_path), ('pvi_rdir', vnode_info_path)] inst = proc_vnodepathinfo() pid = int(sys.argv[1]) ret = proc.proc_pidinfo( pid, PROC_PIDVNODEPATHINFO, 0, ctypes.byref(inst), ctypes.sizeof(inst) ) print(ret, inst.pvi_cdir.vip_path) However, even though this script behaves as expected on Python 2.6, it does not work in Python 2.5: host:dir user$ sudo /usr/bin/python2.6 script.py 2698 <_FuncPtr object at 0x100419ae0> (2352, '/') host:dir user$ sudo /usr/bin/python2.5 script.py 2698 <_FuncPtr object at 0x19fdc0> (0, '') (PID 2698 is "Activity Monitor.app"). Note the different return values. Since this program strongly based on ctypes, I can't imagine any difference in Python itself that would cause this. The same behavior (as Python 2.5) occurs with my self-built Python 3.2. I'm not sure what versioning information I can give to help track down the weirdness -- or even come up with a solution for 2.5 -- but here's some stuff: host:dir user$ otool -L /usr/bin/python2.6 /usr/bin/python2.6: /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 125.2.0) host:dir user$ otool -L /usr/bin/python2.5 /usr/bin/python2.5 (architecture i386): /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 125.2.0) /usr/bin/python2.5 (architecture ppc7400): /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 125.2.0) host:dir user$ uname -a Darwin host.local 10.8.0 Darwin Kernel Version 10.8.0: Tue Jun 7 16:33:36 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1504.15.3~1/RELEASE_I386 i386 Thanks to anyone that has a clue about what's going on here:)

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  • Hadoop streaming with Python and python subprocess

    - by Ganesh
    I have established a basic hadoop master slave cluster setup and able to run mapreduce programs (including python) on the cluster. Now I am trying to run a python code which accesses a C binary and so I am using the subprocess module. I am able to use the hadoop streaming for a normal python code but when I include the subprocess module to access a binary, the job is getting failed. As you can see in the below logs, the hello executable is recognised to be used for the packaging, but still not able to run the code. . . packageJobJar: [/tmp/hello/hello, /app/hadoop/tmp/hadoop-unjar5030080067721998885/] [] /tmp/streamjob7446402517274720868.jar tmpDir=null JarBuilder.addNamedStream hello . . 12/03/07 22:31:32 INFO mapred.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 1 12/03/07 22:31:32 INFO streaming.StreamJob: getLocalDirs(): [/app/hadoop/tmp/mapred/local] 12/03/07 22:31:32 INFO streaming.StreamJob: Running job: job_201203062329_0057 12/03/07 22:31:32 INFO streaming.StreamJob: To kill this job, run: 12/03/07 22:31:32 INFO streaming.StreamJob: /usr/local/hadoop/bin/../bin/hadoop job -Dmapred.job.tracker=master:54311 -kill job_201203062329_0057 12/03/07 22:31:32 INFO streaming.StreamJob: Tracking URL: http://master:50030/jobdetails.jsp?jobid=job_201203062329_0057 12/03/07 22:31:33 INFO streaming.StreamJob: map 0% reduce 0% 12/03/07 22:32:05 INFO streaming.StreamJob: map 100% reduce 100% 12/03/07 22:32:05 INFO streaming.StreamJob: To kill this job, run: 12/03/07 22:32:05 INFO streaming.StreamJob: /usr/local/hadoop/bin/../bin/hadoop job -Dmapred.job.tracker=master:54311 -kill job_201203062329_0057 12/03/07 22:32:05 INFO streaming.StreamJob: Tracking URL: http://master:50030/jobdetails.jsp?jobid=job_201203062329_0057 12/03/07 22:32:05 ERROR streaming.StreamJob: Job not Successful! 12/03/07 22:32:05 INFO streaming.StreamJob: killJob... Streaming Job Failed! Command I am trying is : hadoop jar contrib/streaming/hadoop-*streaming*.jar -mapper /home/hduser/MARS.py -reducer /home/hduser/MARS_red.py -input /user/hduser/mars_inputt -output /user/hduser/mars-output -file /tmp/hello/hello -verbose where hello is the C executable. It is a simple helloworld program which I am using to check the basic functioning. My Python code is : #!/usr/bin/env python import subprocess subprocess.call(["./hello"]) Any help with how to get the executable run with Python in hadoop streaming or help with debugging this will get me forward in this. Thanks, Ganesh

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  • Team Build: The path 'Path' is already mapped in workspace 'workspace' error even after deleting all

    - by Glenn Slaven
    I have this problem when I queue a build. The build dies with the error The path C:\[Path]\Sources is already mapped in workspace [Server Name]. the same as this question. but I've removed all the workspaces on the build agent by running this command: tf workspaces /remove:* and also by deleting the TFS cache folder. I've also restarted the server, but the error keeps happening on each build.

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  • Customize Team Build 2010 – Part 12: How to debug my custom activities

    In the series the following parts have been published Part 1: Introduction Part 2: Add arguments and variables Part 3: Use more complex arguments Part 4: Create your own activity Part 5: Increase AssemblyVersion Part 6: Use custom type for an argument Part 7: How is the custom assembly found Part 8: Send information to the build log Part 9: Impersonate activities (run under other credentials) Part 10: Include Version Number in the Build Number Part 11: Speed up opening my build process template Part 12: How to debug my custom activities Part 13: Get control over the Build Output Part 14: Execute a PowerShell script Part 15: Fail a build based on the exit code of a console application       Developers are “spoilt” persons who expect to be able to have easy debugging experiences for every technique they work with. So they also expect it when developing custom activities for the build process template. This post describes how you can debug your custom activities without having to develop on the build server itself. Remote debugging prerequisites The prerequisite for these steps are to install the Microsoft Visual Studio Remote Debugging Monitor. You can find information how to install this at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bt727f1t.aspx. I chose for the option to run the remote debugger on the build server from a file share. Debugging symbols prerequisites To be able to start the debugging, you need to have the pdb files on the buildserver together with the assembly. The pdb must have been build with Full Debug Info. Steps In my setup I have a development machine and a build server. To setup the remote debugging, I performed the following steps Locate on your development machine the folder C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Common7\IDE\Remote Debugger Create a share for the Remote Debugger folder. Make sure that the share (and the folder) has the correct permissions so the user on the build server has access to the share. On the build server go to the shared “Remote Debugger” folder Start msvsmon.exe which is located in the folder that represents the platform of the build server. This will open a winform application like   Go back to your development machine and open the BuildProcess solution. Start the Attach to process command (Ctrl+Alt+P) Type in the Qualifier the name of the build server. In my case the user account that has started the msvsmon is another user then the user on my development machine. In that case you have to type the qualifier in the format that is shown in the Remote Debugging Monitor (in my case LOCAL\Administrator@TFSLAB) and confirm it by pressing <Enter> Since the build service is running with other credentials, check the option “Show processes from all users”. Now the Attach to process dialog shows the TFSBuildServiceHost process Set the breakpoint in the activity you want to debug and kick of a build. Be aware that when you attach to the TFSBuildServiceHost that you debug every single build that is run by this windows service, so make sure you don’t debug the build server that is in production! You can download the full solution at BuildProcess.zip. It will include the sources of every part and will continue to evolve.

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  • Customize Team Build 2010 – Part 13: Get control over the Build Output

    In the series the following parts have been published Part 1: Introduction Part 2: Add arguments and variables Part 3: Use more complex arguments Part 4: Create your own activity Part 5: Increase AssemblyVersion Part 6: Use custom type for an argument Part 7: How is the custom assembly found Part 8: Send information to the build log Part 9: Impersonate activities (run under other credentials) Part 10: Include Version Number in the Build Number Part 11: Speed up opening my build process template Part 12: How to debug my custom activities Part 13: Get control over the Build Output Part 14: Execute a PowerShell script Part 15: Fail a build based on the exit code of a console application     In the part 8, I have explained how you can add informational messages, warnings or errors to the build output. If you want to integrate with other lines of text to the build output, you need to do more. This post will show you how you can add extra steps, additional information and hyperlinks to the build output. Add an hyperlink to the end of the build output Lets start with a simple example of how you can adjust the build output. In this case we are going to add at the end of the build output an hyperlink where a user can click on to for example start the deployment to the test environment. In part 4 you can find information how you can create a custom activity To add information to the build output, you need the BuildDetail. This value is a variable in your xaml and is thus easily transferable to you custom activity. Besides the BuildDetail the user has also to specify the text and the url that has to be added to the end of the build output. The following code segment shows you how you can achieve this.     [BuildActivity(HostEnvironmentOption.All)]    public sealed class AddHyperlinkToBuildOutput : CodeActivity    {        [RequiredArgument]        public InArgument<IBuildDetail> BuildDetail { get; set; }         [RequiredArgument]        public InArgument<string> DisplayText { get; set; }         [RequiredArgument]        public InArgument<string> Url { get; set; }         protected override void Execute(CodeActivityContext context)        {            // Obtain the runtime value of the input arguments                        IBuildDetail buildDetail = context.GetValue(this.BuildDetail);            string displayText = context.GetValue(this.DisplayText);            string url = context.GetValue(this.Url);             // Add the hyperlink            buildDetail.Information.AddExternalLink(displayText, new Uri(url));            buildDetail.Information.Save();        }    } If you add this activity to somewhere in your build process template (within the scope Run on Agent), you will get the following build output Add an line of text to the build output The next challenge is to add this kind of output not only to the end of the build output but at the step that is currently executing. To be able to do this, you need the current node in the build output. The following code shows you how you can achieve this. First you need to get the current activity tracking, which you can get with the following line of code             IActivityTracking currentTracking = context.GetExtension<IBuildLoggingExtension>().GetActivityTracking(context); Then you can create a new node and set its type to Activity Tracking Node (so copy it from the current node) and do nice things with the node.             IBuildInformationNode childNode = currentTracking.Node.Children.CreateNode();            childNode.Type = currentTracking.Node.Type;            childNode.Fields.Add("DisplayText", "This text is displayed."); You can also add a build step to display progress             IBuildStep buildStep = childNode.Children.AddBuildStep("Custom Build Step", "This is my custom build step");            buildStep.FinishTime = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(10);            buildStep.Status = BuildStepStatus.Succeeded; Or you can add an hyperlink to the node             childNode.Children.AddExternalLink("My link", new Uri(http://www.ewaldhofman.nl)); When you combine this together you get the following result in the build output     You can download the full solution at BuildProcess.zip. It will include the sources of every part and will continue to evolve.

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  • Get to Know the ‘Real’ Pyro [Humorous Team Fortress 2 Video]

    - by Asian Angel
    People sometimes wonder just what is going through Pyro’s head when he is spreading mayhem and destruction. If you are one of them, then here is your chance to see things from Pyro’s ‘unique’ point-of-view! Meet the Pyro [via Dorkly] How to Use an Xbox 360 Controller On Your Windows PC Download the Official How-To Geek Trivia App for Windows 8 How to Banish Duplicate Photos with VisiPic

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  • how to do asynchronous http requests with epoll and python 3.1

    - by flow
    there is an interesting page http://scotdoyle.com/python-epoll-howto.html about how to do asnchronous / non-blocking / AIO http serving in python 3. there is the tornado web server which does include a non-blocking http client. i have managed to port parts of the server to python 3.1, but the implementation of the client requires pyCurl and seems to have problems (with one participant stating how ‘Libcurl is such a pain in the neck’, and looking at the incredibly ugly pyCurl page i doubt pyCurl will arrive in py3+ any time soon). now that epoll is available in the standard library, it should be possible to do asynchronous http requests out of the box with python. i really do not want to use asyncore or whatnot; epoll has a reputation for being the ideal tool for the task, and it is part of the python distribution, so using anything but epoll for non-blocking http is highly counterintuitive (prove me wrong if you feel like it). oh, and i feel threading is horrible. no threading. i use stackless. people further interested in the topic of asynchronous http should not miss out on this talk by peter portante at PyCon2010; also of interest is the keynote, where speaker antonio rodriguez at one point emphasizes the importance of having up-to-date web technology libraries right in the standard library.

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  • Pass by reference in Boost::Python

    - by Fabzter
    Hi everybody. Consider something like: struct Parameter { int a; Parameter(){a = 0} void setA(int newA){a = newA;} }; struct MyClass { void changeParameter(Parameter &p){ p.setA(-1);} }; Well, let's fast forward, and imagine I already wrapped those classes, exposing everything to python, and imagine also I instantiate an object of Parameter in the C++ code, which I pass to the python script, and that python script uses a MyClass object to modify the instance of Parameter I created at the beginning in the C++ code. After that code executes, in C++ Parameter instance is unchanged!!! This means it was passed by value (or something alike :S), not by reference. But I thought I declared it to be passed by reference... I can't seem to find Boost::Python documentation about passing by reference (although there seems to be enough doc about returning by reference...). Can anyone give some hint or pointer please?

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  • Python HTTPS requests (urllib2) fails on Ubuntu 12.04 without proxy

    - by Pablo
    I have an little app I wrote in Python and it used to work... until yesterday, when it suddenly started giving me an error in a HTTPS connection. I don't remember if there was an update, but both Python 2.7.3rc2 and Python 3.2 are failing just the same. I googled it and found out that this happens when people are behind a proxy, but I'm not (and nothing have changed in my network since the last time it worked). My syster's computer running windows and Python 2.7.2 has no problems (in the same network). response = urllib2.urlopen(url).read() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 126, in urlopen return _opener.open(url, data, timeout) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 400, in open response = self._open(req, data) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 418, in _open '_open', req) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 378, in _call_chain result = func(*args) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1215, in https_open return self.do_open(httplib.HTTPSConnection, req) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1177, in do_open raise URLError(err) urllib2.URLError: <urlopen error [Errno 8] _ssl.c:504: EOF occurred in violation of protocol> What's wrong? Any help is appreciated. PS.: Older python versions don't work either, not in my system and not in a live session from USB, but DO work in a Ubuntu 11.10 live session.

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  • Python bindings for C++ code using OpenCV giving segmentation fault

    - by lightalchemist
    I'm trying to write a python wrapper for some C++ code that make use of OpenCV but I'm having difficulties returning the result, which is a OpenCV C++ Mat object, to the python interpreter. I've looked at OpenCV's source and found the file cv2.cpp which has conversions functions to perform conversions to and fro between PyObject* and OpenCV's Mat. I made use of those conversions functions but got a segmentation fault when I tried to use them. I basically need some suggestions/sample code/online references on how to interface python and C++ code that make use of OpenCV, specifically with the ability to return OpenCV's C++ Mat to the python interpreter or perhaps suggestions on how/where to start investigating the cause of the segmentation fault. Currently I'm using Boost Python to wrap the code. Thanks in advance to any replies. The relevant code: // This is the function that is giving the segmentation fault. PyObject* ABC::doSomething(PyObject* image) { Mat m; pyopencv_to(image, m); // This line gives segmentation fault. // Some code to create cppObj from CPP library that uses OpenCV cv::Mat processedImage = cppObj->align(m); return pyopencv_from(processedImage); } The conversion functions taken from OpenCV's source follows. The conversion code gives segmentation fault at the commented line with "if (!PyArray_Check(o)) ...". static int pyopencv_to(const PyObject* o, Mat& m, const char* name = "<unknown>", bool allowND=true) { if(!o || o == Py_None) { if( !m.data ) m.allocator = &g_numpyAllocator; return true; } if( !PyArray_Check(o) ) // Segmentation fault inside PyArray_Check(o) { failmsg("%s is not a numpy array", name); return false; } int typenum = PyArray_TYPE(o); int type = typenum == NPY_UBYTE ? CV_8U : typenum == NPY_BYTE ? CV_8S : typenum == NPY_USHORT ? CV_16U : typenum == NPY_SHORT ? CV_16S : typenum == NPY_INT || typenum == NPY_LONG ? CV_32S : typenum == NPY_FLOAT ? CV_32F : typenum == NPY_DOUBLE ? CV_64F : -1; if( type < 0 ) { failmsg("%s data type = %d is not supported", name, typenum); return false; } int ndims = PyArray_NDIM(o); if(ndims >= CV_MAX_DIM) { failmsg("%s dimensionality (=%d) is too high", name, ndims); return false; } int size[CV_MAX_DIM+1]; size_t step[CV_MAX_DIM+1], elemsize = CV_ELEM_SIZE1(type); const npy_intp* _sizes = PyArray_DIMS(o); const npy_intp* _strides = PyArray_STRIDES(o); bool transposed = false; for(int i = 0; i < ndims; i++) { size[i] = (int)_sizes[i]; step[i] = (size_t)_strides[i]; } if( ndims == 0 || step[ndims-1] > elemsize ) { size[ndims] = 1; step[ndims] = elemsize; ndims++; } if( ndims >= 2 && step[0] < step[1] ) { std::swap(size[0], size[1]); std::swap(step[0], step[1]); transposed = true; } if( ndims == 3 && size[2] <= CV_CN_MAX && step[1] == elemsize*size[2] ) { ndims--; type |= CV_MAKETYPE(0, size[2]); } if( ndims > 2 && !allowND ) { failmsg("%s has more than 2 dimensions", name); return false; } m = Mat(ndims, size, type, PyArray_DATA(o), step); if( m.data ) { m.refcount = refcountFromPyObject(o); m.addref(); // protect the original numpy array from deallocation // (since Mat destructor will decrement the reference counter) }; m.allocator = &g_numpyAllocator; if( transposed ) { Mat tmp; tmp.allocator = &g_numpyAllocator; transpose(m, tmp); m = tmp; } return true; } static PyObject* pyopencv_from(const Mat& m) { if( !m.data ) Py_RETURN_NONE; Mat temp, *p = (Mat*)&m; if(!p->refcount || p->allocator != &g_numpyAllocator) { temp.allocator = &g_numpyAllocator; m.copyTo(temp); p = &temp; } p->addref(); return pyObjectFromRefcount(p->refcount); } My python test program: import pysomemodule # My python wrapped library. import cv2 def main(): myobj = pysomemodule.ABC("faces.train") # Create python object. This works. image = cv2.imread('61.jpg') processedImage = myobj.doSomething(image) cv2.imshow("test", processedImage) cv2.waitKey() if __name__ == "__main__": main()

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