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  • Linq to SQL NullReferenceException's: A random needle in a haystack!

    - by Shane
    I'm getting NullReferenceExeceptions at seemly random times in my application and can't track down what could be causing the error. I'll do my best to describe the scenario and setup. Any and all suggestions greatly appreciated! C# .net 3.5 Forms Application, but I use the WebFormRouting library built by Phil Haack (http://haacked.com/archive/2008/03/11/using-routing-with-webforms.aspx) to leverage the Routing libraries of .net (usually used in conjunction with MVC) - intead of using url rewriting for my urls. My database has 60 tables. All Normalized. It's just a massive application. (SQL server 2008) All queries are built with Linq to SQL in code (no SP's). Each time a new instance of my data context is created. I use only one data context with all relationships defined in 4 relationship diagrams in SQL Server. the data context gets created a lot. I let the closing of the data context be handled automatically. I've heard arguments both sides about whether you should leave to be closed automatically or do it yourself. In this case I do it myself. It doesnt seem to matter if I'm creating a lot of instances of the data context or just one. For example, I've got a vote-up button. with the following code, and it errors probably 1 in 10-20 times. protected void VoteUpLinkButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { DatabaseDataContext db = new DatabaseDataContext(); StoryVote storyVote = new StoryVote(); storyVote.StoryId = storyId; storyVote.UserId = Utility.GetUserId(Context); storyVote.IPAddress = Utility.GetUserIPAddress(); storyVote.CreatedDate = DateTime.Now; storyVote.IsDeleted = false; db.StoryVotes.InsertOnSubmit(storyVote); db.SubmitChanges(); // If this story is not yet published, check to see if we should publish it. Make sure that // it is already approved. if (story.PublishedDate == null && story.ApprovedDate != null) { Utility.MakeUpcommingNewsPopular(storyId); } // Refresh our page. Response.Redirect("/news/" + category.UniqueName + "/" + RouteData.Values["year"].ToString() + "/" + RouteData.Values["month"].ToString() + "/" + RouteData.Values["day"].ToString() + "/" + RouteData.Values["uniquename"].ToString()); } The last thing I tried was the "Auto Close" flag setting on SQL Server. This was set to true and I changed to false. Doesnt seem to have done the trick although has had a good overall effect. Here's a detailed that wasnt caught. I also get slighly different errors when caught by my try/catch's. System.Web.HttpUnhandledException: Exception of type 'System.Web.HttpUnhandledException' was thrown. --- System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object. at System.Web.Util.StringUtil.GetStringHashCode(String s) at System.Web.UI.ClientScriptManager.EnsureEventValidationFieldLoaded() at System.Web.UI.ClientScriptManager.ValidateEvent(String uniqueId, String argument) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox.LoadPostData(String postDataKey, NameValueCollection postCollection) at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessPostData(NameValueCollection postData, Boolean fBeforeLoad) at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Web.UI.Page.HandleError(Exception e) at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequest(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequest() at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) at ASP.forms_news_detail_aspx.ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) at System.Web.HttpApplication.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) HELP!!!

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  • Is this too much code for a header only library?

    - by Billy ONeal
    It seems like I had to inline quite a bit of code here. I'm wondering if it's bad design practice to leave this entirely in a header file like this: #pragma once #include <string> #include <boost/noncopyable.hpp> #include <boost/make_shared.hpp> #include <boost/iterator/iterator_facade.hpp> #include <Windows.h> #include "../Exception.hpp" namespace WindowsAPI { namespace FileSystem { class FileData; struct AllResults; struct FilesOnly; template <typename Filter_T = AllResults> class DirectoryIterator; namespace detail { class DirectoryIteratorImpl : public boost::noncopyable { WIN32_FIND_DATAW currentData; HANDLE hFind; std::wstring root; public: inline DirectoryIteratorImpl(); inline explicit DirectoryIteratorImpl(const std::wstring& pathSpec); inline void increment(); inline bool equal(const DirectoryIteratorImpl& other) const; inline const std::wstring& GetPathRoot() const; inline const WIN32_FIND_DATAW& GetCurrentFindData() const; inline ~DirectoryIteratorImpl(); }; } class FileData //Serves as a proxy to the WIN32_FIND_DATA struture inside the iterator. { boost::shared_ptr<detail::DirectoryIteratorImpl> iteratorSource; public: FileData(const boost::shared_ptr<detail::DirectoryIteratorImpl>& parent) : iteratorSource(parent) {}; DWORD GetAttributes() const { return iteratorSource->GetCurrentFindData().dwFileAttributes; }; bool IsDirectory() const { return (GetAttributes() | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0; }; bool IsFile() const { return !IsDirectory(); }; bool IsArchive() const { return (GetAttributes() | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE) != 0; }; bool IsReadOnly() const { return (GetAttributes() | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY) != 0; }; unsigned __int64 GetSize() const { ULARGE_INTEGER intValue; intValue.LowPart = iteratorSource->GetCurrentFindData().nFileSizeLow; intValue.HighPart = iteratorSource->GetCurrentFindData().nFileSizeHigh; return intValue.QuadPart; }; std::wstring GetFolderPath() const { return iteratorSource->GetPathRoot(); }; std::wstring GetFileName() const { return iteratorSource->GetCurrentFindData().cFileName; }; std::wstring GetFullFileName() const { return GetFolderPath() + GetFileName(); }; std::wstring GetShortFileName() const { return iteratorSource->GetCurrentFindData().cAlternateFileName; }; FILETIME GetCreationTime() const { return iteratorSource->GetCurrentFindData().ftCreationTime; }; FILETIME GetLastAccessTime() const { return iteratorSource->GetCurrentFindData().ftLastAccessTime; }; FILETIME GetLastWriteTime() const { return iteratorSource->GetCurrentFindData().ftLastWriteTime; }; }; struct AllResults : public std::unary_function<const FileData&, bool> { bool operator()(const FileData&) { return true; }; }; struct FilesOnly : public std::unary_function<const FileData&, bool> { bool operator()(const FileData& arg) { return arg.IsFile(); }; }; template <typename Filter_T> class DirectoryIterator : public boost::iterator_facade<DirectoryIterator<Filter_T>, const FileData, std::input_iterator_tag> { friend class boost::iterator_core_access; boost::shared_ptr<detail::DirectoryIteratorImpl> impl; FileData current; Filter_T filter; void increment() { do { impl->increment(); } while (! filter(current)); }; bool equal(const DirectoryIterator& other) const { return impl->equal(*other.impl); }; const FileData& dereference() const { return current; }; public: DirectoryIterator(Filter_T functor = Filter_T()) : impl(boost::make_shared<detail::DirectoryIteratorImpl>()), current(impl), filter(functor) { }; explicit DirectoryIterator(const std::wstring& pathSpec, Filter_T functor = Filter_T()) : impl(boost::make_shared<detail::DirectoryIteratorImpl>(pathSpec)), current(impl), filter(functor) { }; }; namespace detail { DirectoryIteratorImpl::DirectoryIteratorImpl() : hFind(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { } DirectoryIteratorImpl::DirectoryIteratorImpl(const std::wstring& pathSpec) { std::wstring::const_iterator lastSlash = std::find(pathSpec.rbegin(), pathSpec.rend(), L'\\').base(); root.assign(pathSpec.begin(), lastSlash); hFind = FindFirstFileW(pathSpec.c_str(), &currentData); if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) WindowsApiException::ThrowFromLastError(); while (!wcscmp(currentData.cFileName, L".") || !wcscmp(currentData.cFileName, L"..")) { increment(); } } void DirectoryIteratorImpl::increment() { BOOL success = FindNextFile(hFind, &currentData); if (success) return; DWORD error = GetLastError(); if (error == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES) { FindClose(hFind); hFind = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; } else { WindowsApiException::Throw(error); } } DirectoryIteratorImpl::~DirectoryIteratorImpl() { if (hFind != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) FindClose(hFind); } bool DirectoryIteratorImpl::equal(const DirectoryIteratorImpl& other) const { if (this == &other) return true; return hFind == other.hFind; } const std::wstring& DirectoryIteratorImpl::GetPathRoot() const { return root; } const WIN32_FIND_DATAW& DirectoryIteratorImpl::GetCurrentFindData() const { return currentData; } } }}

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  • Languages like Tcl that have configurable syntax?

    - by boost
    I'm looking for a language that will let me do what I could do with Clipper years ago, and which I can do with Tcl, namely add functionality in a way other than just adding functions. For example in Clipper/(x)Harbour there are commands #command, #translate, #xcommand and #xtranslate that allow things like this: #xcommand REPEAT; => DO WHILE .T. #xcommand UNTIL <cond>; => IF (<cond>); ;EXIT; ;ENDIF; ;ENDDO LOCAL n := 1 REPEAT n := n + 1 UNTIL n > 100 Similarly, in Tcl I'm doing proc process_range {_for_ project _from_ dat1 _to_ dat2 _by_ slice} { set fromDate [clock scan $dat1] set toDate [clock scan $dat2] if {$slice eq "day"} then {set incrementor [expr 24 * 60]} if {$slice eq "hour"} then {set incrementor 60} set method DateRange puts "Scanning from [clock format $fromDate -format "%c"] to [clock format $toDate -format "%c"] by $slice" for {set dateCursor $fromDate} {$dateCursor <= $toDate} {set dateCursor [clock add $dateCursor $incrementor minutes]} { # ... } } process_range for "client" from "2013-10-18 00:00" to "2013-10-20 23:59" by day Are there any other languages that permit this kind of, almost COBOL-esque, syntax modification? If you're wondering why I'm asking, it's for setting up stuff so that others with a not-as-geeky-as-I-am skillset can declare processing tasks.

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  • "LNK2001: unresolved external symbol" when trying to build my program

    - by random
    I get the following error(s) on my program that captures the mouse and then draws a line. Errors: 1>------ Build started: Project: Capture_Mouse_Line, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------ 1> main.cpp 1>main.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static long * Line::yc2" (?yc2@Line@@2PAJA) 1>main.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static long * Line::xc2" (?xc2@Line@@2PAJA) 1>main.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static long * Line::yc1" (?yc1@Line@@2PAJA) 1>main.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static long * Line::xc1" (?xc1@Line@@2PAJA) 1>MSVCRTD.lib(crtexe.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _main referenced in function ___tmainCRTStartup 1>D:\Visual C++ Projects\Capture_Mouse_Line\Debug\Capture_Mouse_Line.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 5 unresolved externals ========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ========== Here is my code: #include<allegro5\allegro.h> #include<allegro5\allegro_native_dialog.h> #include<allegro5\allegro_primitives.h> #include<Windows.h> #include<allegro5\allegro_windows.h> #ifndef WIDTH #define WIDTH 1440 #endif #ifndef HEIGHT #define HEIGHT 900 #endif class Line { public: static void ErasePreviousLine(); static void DrawLine(long* x, long* y,long* x2,long* y2); static bool Erasable(); static long* xc1; static long* yc1; static long* xc2; static long* yc2; }; void Line::ErasePreviousLine() { delete xc1; xc1 = NULL; delete yc1; yc1 = NULL; delete xc2; xc2 = NULL; delete yc2; yc2 = NULL; } bool Line::Erasable() { if(xc1 && yc1 && xc2 && yc2 == NULL) { return false; } else { return true; } } void Line::DrawLine(long* x,long* y,long* x2,long* y2) { if(!al_init_primitives_addon()) { al_show_native_message_box(NULL,NULL,NULL,"failed to initialize allegro", NULL,NULL); } xc1 = x; yc1 = y; xc2 = x2; yc2 = y2; al_draw_line((float)*xc1, (float)*yc1, (float)*xc2, (float)*yc2,al_map_rgb(255,0,255), 1); delete x; delete y; delete x2; delete y2; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { MSG msg; ALLEGRO_DISPLAY* display = NULL; if(!al_init()) { al_show_native_message_box(NULL,NULL,NULL,"failed to initialize allegro", NULL,NULL); return -1; } display = al_create_display(WIDTH,HEIGHT); if(!display) { al_show_native_message_box(NULL,NULL,NULL,"failed to initialize display", NULL,NULL); return -1; } HWND hwnd = al_get_win_window_handle(display); if(hwnd == NULL) { MessageBox(NULL, "Window Creation Failed!", "Error!", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK); return 0; } ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hwnd); while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } return msg.wParam; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static bool bIsCaptured; static POINTS ptsBegin; static POINTS ptsEnd; switch(msg) { case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: SetCapture(hwnd); bIsCaptured = true; ptsBegin = MAKEPOINTS(lParam); return 0; case WM_MOUSEMOVE: if(wParam & MK_LBUTTON) { if(!Line::Erasable()) { return 0; } Line::ErasePreviousLine(); ptsEnd = MAKEPOINTS(lParam); Line::DrawLine(new long(ptsBegin.x),new long(ptsBegin.y),new long(ptsEnd.x),new long(ptsEnd.y)); } break; case WM_LBUTTONUP: bIsCaptured = false; ReleaseCapture(); break; case WM_ACTIVATEAPP: { if(wParam == TRUE) { if(bIsCaptured){ SetCapture(hwnd);} } } break; } return 0; }

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  • What's the canonical way to acknowledge many FOSS sources in a single project?

    - by boost
    I have a project which uses a large number of LGPL, Artistic and other open-source licensed libraries. What's the canonical (i.e. the "standard") way of acknowledging multiple sources in a single project download? Also, some of the sources I've used are from sites where using the code is okay, but publishing the source isn't. What's the usual manner of attribution in that case, and the usual manner of making the source available in an open-source project?

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  • What's the best way to acknowledge many FOSS sources in a single project?

    - by boost
    I have a project which uses a large number of LGPL, Artistic and other open-source licensed libraries. What's the canonical (i.e. the "standard") way of acknowledging multiple sources in a single project download? Also, some of the sources I've used are from sites where using the code is okay, but publishing the source isn't. What's the usual manner of attribution in that case, and the usual manner of making the source available in an open-source project?

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  • How to remove a tagged block of text in a file?

    - by EmpireJones
    How can I remove all instances of tagged blocks of text in a file with sed, grep, or another program? If I have a file which contains: random text // START TEXT internal text // END TEXT more random // START TEXT asdf // END TEXT text how can I remove all blocks of text within the start/end lines, produce the following? random text more random text

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  • Python performance: iteration and operations on nested lists

    - by J.J.
    Problem Hey folks. I'm looking for some advice on python performance. Some background on my problem: Given: A mesh of nodes of size (x,y) each with a value (0...255) starting at 0 A list of N input coordinates each at a specified location within the range (0...x, 0...y) Increment the value of the node at the input coordinate and the node's neighbors within range Z up to a maximum of 255. Neighbors beyond the mesh edge are ignored. (No wrapping) BASE CASE: A mesh of size 1024x1024 nodes, with 400 input coordinates and a range Z of 75 nodes. Processing should be O(x*y*Z*N). I expect x, y and Z to remain roughly around the values in the base case, but the number of input coordinates N could increase up to 100,000. My goal is to minimize processing time. Current results I have 2 current implementations: f1, f2 Running speed on my 2.26 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo with Python 2.6.1: f1: 2.9s f2: 1.8s f1 is the initial naive implementation: three nested for loops. f2 is replaces the inner for loop with a list comprehension. Code is included below for your perusal. Question How can I further reduce the processing time? I'd prefer sub-1.0s for the test parameters. Please, keep the recommendations to native Python. I know I can move to a third-party package such as numpy, but I'm trying to avoid any third party packages. Also, I've generated random input coordinates, and simplified the definition of the node value updates to keep our discussion simple. The specifics have to change slightly and are outside the scope of my question. thanks much! f1 is the initial naive implementation: three nested for loops. 2.9s def f1(x,y,n,z): rows = [] for i in range(x): rows.append([0 for i in xrange(y)]) for i in range(n): inputX, inputY = (int(x*random.random()), int(y*random.random())) topleft = (inputX - z, inputY - z) for i in xrange(max(0, topleft[0]), min(topleft[0]+(z*2), x)): for j in xrange(max(0, topleft[1]), min(topleft[1]+(z*2), y)): if rows[i][j] <= 255: rows[i][j] += 1 f2 is replaces the inner for loop with a list comprehension. 1.8s def f2(x,y,n,z): rows = [] for i in range(x): rows.append([0 for i in xrange(y)]) for i in range(n): inputX, inputY = (int(x*random.random()), int(y*random.random())) topleft = (inputX - z, inputY - z) for i in xrange(max(0, topleft[0]), min(topleft[0]+(z*2), x)): l = max(0, topleft[1]) r = min(topleft[1]+(z*2), y) rows[i][l:r] = [j+1 for j in rows[i][l:r] if j < 255]

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  • .NET pie chart: how to add text to slices and rotate chart

    - by Sajee
    The code below creates a 24 slice pie chart. How do I: Add text labels to each slice a la "Wheel of Fortune". Rotate the pie chart? I want it to spin like "Wheel of Fortune". private void DrawPieChart() { Graphics g = this.CreateGraphics(); g.Clear(this.BackColor); Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(0, 0, 300, 300); float angle = 0; Random random = new Random(); int sectors = 24; int sweep = 360 / sectors; for(int i=0; i&lt;24;i++) { Color clr = Color.FromArgb(random.Next(0, 255),random.Next(0, 255), random.Next(0, 255)); g.FillPie(new SolidBrush(clr), rect, angle, sweep); angle += sweep; } g.Dispose(); }

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  • How do I name an array key with a key inside the array

    - by Confused
    I have some data, yes, data. This data came from a MySQL query and it will always contain 4 items, always. I want to cache that data in an array table for use later within a web page but I want to keep the keys from the query and separate out each grouping within a multidimensional array. However to save time iterating through the array each time I want to find a given group of data, I want to call the keys of the first array the same as the ID key which is always the first key within each four items. At the minute I'm using this code: function mysql_fetch_full_result_array($result) { $table_result=array(); $r=0; while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)){ $arr_row=array(); $c=0; while ($c < mysql_num_fields($result)) { $col = mysql_fetch_field($result, $c); $arr_row[$col -> name] = $row[$col -> name]; $c++; } $table_result[$r] = $arr_row; $r++; } return $table_result; } I'm currently testing this using 3 unique users, so I'm getting three rows back from the query and the data from this function ends up in the format: [0]=> . . [id] => 1 . . [name] => random name . . [tel] => random tel . . [post] => post code data [1]=> . . [id] => 34 . . [name] => random name . . [tel] => random tel . . [post] => post code data [2]=> . . [id] => 56 . . [name] => random name . . [tel] => random tel . . [post] => post code data So how do I alter the code to instead of the keys [0], [1], [2] give me the output: [1]=> . . [id] => 1 . . [name] => random name . . [tel] => random tel . . [post] => post code data [34]=> . . [id] => 34 . . [name] => random name . . [tel] => random tel . . [post] => post code data [56]=> . . [id] => 56 . . [name] => random name . . [tel] => random tel . . [post] => post code data I don't mind if the main array keys are strings of numbers rather than numbers but I'm a bit stuck, I tried changing the $table_result[$r] = $arr_row; part to read $table_result[$result['id']] = $arr_row; but that just outputs an array of one person. I know I need another loop but I'm struggling to work out how to write it.

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  • Python code that needs some overview

    - by fabio
    Hi guys, im currently learning python (in the very begining), so I still have some doubts about good code manners and how should I proceed with it. Today I created this code that should random trought 01 to 60 (but is running from 01 to 69) import random dez = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6'] uni = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'] sort = [] while len(sort) <= 5: random.shuffle(dez) random.shuffle(uni) w = random.choice(dez) z = random.choice(uni) chosen = str(w) + str(z) if chosen != "00" and chosen not in sort: sort.append(chosen) print chosen I'm also in doubt how to make the code stop at "60".

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  • regex to break a string into "key" / "value" pairs when # of pairs is variable?

    - by user141146
    Hi, I'm using Ruby 1.9 and I'm wondering if there's a simple regex way to do this. I have many strings that look like some variation of this: str = "Allocation: Random, Control: Active Control, Endpoint Classification: Safety Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Treatment" The idea is that I'd like to break this string into its functional components Allocation: Random Control: Active Control Endpoint Classification: Safety Study Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes, Assessor) Primary Purpose: Treatment The "syntax" of the string is that there is a "key" which consists of one or more "words or other characters" (e.g. Intervention Model) followed by a colon (:). Each key has a corresponding "value" (e.g., Parallel Assignment) that immediately follows the colon (:)…The "value" consists of words, commas (whatever), but the end of the "value" is signaled by a comma. The # of key/value pairs is variable. I'm also assuming that colons (:) aren't allowed to be part of the "value" and that commas (,) aren't allowed to be part of the "key". One would think that there is a "regexy" way to break this into its component pieces, but my attempt at making an appropriate matching regex only picks up the first key/value pair and I'm not sure how to capture the others. Any thoughts on how to capture the other matches? regex = /(([^,]+?): ([^:]+?,))+?/ => /(([^,]+?): ([^:]+?,))+?/ irb(main):139:0> str = "Allocation: Random, Control: Active Control, Endpoint Classification: Safety Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Treatment" => "Allocation: Random, Control: Active Control, Endpoint Classification: Safety Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Treatment" irb(main):140:0> str.match regex => #<MatchData "Allocation: Random," 1:"Allocation: Random," 2:"Allocation" 3:" Random,"> irb(main):141:0> $1 => "Allocation: Random," irb(main):142:0> $2 => "Allocation" irb(main):143:0> $3 => " Random," irb(main):144:0> $4 => nil

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  • What is the best place to display the language in your url

    - by Saif Bechan
    I have a multi-language website that makes use of pretty urls, so called search engine friendly urls. Now there are a few places to define the language in the url. 1) www.mydomain.com/en/articles/random www.mydomain.com/nl/articles/random 2) en.mydomain.com/articles/random nl.mydomain.com/articles/random 3) www.mydomain.com/articles/random?lang=en www.mydomain.com/articles/random?lang=nl Is there any preffered way of showing this, or is there another way better that I did not show. I would like to hear your comments on this.

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  • How Can I optimize this RewriteEngine Code?

    - by Lucki Mile
    I have server overload, server admin said that this issue is caused from htaccess file This is the code: RewriteEngine On RewriteBase /here/ RewriteRule ^top/?$ index.php?mode=top [QSA] RewriteRule ^top/video/?$ index.php?mode=top&cat=vids [QSA] RewriteRule ^top/picture/?$ /index.php?mode=top&cat=pics [QSA] RewriteRule ^random$ index.php?mode=random [QSA] RewriteRule ^random/video/?$ index.php?mode=random&cat=vids [QSA] RewriteRule ^random/picture/?$ index.php?mode=random&cat=pics [QSA] RewriteRule ^new/?$ index.php [QSA] RewriteRule ^new/video/?$ index.php?mode=&cat=vids [QSA] RewriteRule ^new/picture/?$ index.php?mode=&cat=pics [QSA] RewriteRule ^video/([0-9]+)_(.*)$ item.php?cat=vids&id=$1 [QSA] RewriteRule ^picture/([0-9]+)_(.*)$ item.php?cat=pics&id=$1 [QSA] ErrorDocument 404 /item.php

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  • avoiding enums as interface identifiers c++ OOP

    - by AlasdairC
    Hi I'm working on a plugin framework using dynamic loaded shared libraries which is based on Eclipse's (and probally other's) extension-point model. All plugins share similar properties (name, id, version etc) and each plugin could in theory satisfy any extension-point. The actual plugin (ie Dll) handling is managed by another library, all I am doing really is managing collections of interfaces for the application. I started by using an enum PluginType to distinguish the different interfaces, but I have quickly realised that using template functions made the code far cleaner and would leave the grunt work up to the compiler, rather than forcing me to use lots of switch {...} statements. The only issue is where I need to specify like functionality for class members - most obvious example is the default plugin which provides a particular interface. A Settings class handles all settings, including the default plugin for an interface. ie Skin newSkin = settings.GetDefault<ISkin>(); How do I store the default ISkin in a container without resorting to some other means of identifying the interface? As I mentioned above, I currently use a std::map<PluginType, IPlugin> Settings::defaults member to achieve this (where IPlugin is an abstract base class which all plugins derive from. I can then dynamic_cast to the desired interface when required, but this really smells of bad design to me and introduces more harm than good I think. would welcome any tips edit: here's an example of the current use of default plugins typedef boost::shared_ptr<ISkin> Skin; typedef boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> Plugin; enum PluginType { skin, ..., ... } class Settings { public: void SetDefault(const PluginType type, boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> plugin) { m_default[type] = plugin; } boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> GetDefault(const PluginType type) { return m_default[type]; } private: std::map<PluginType, boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> m_default; }; SkinManager::Initialize() { Plugin thedefault = g_settings.GetDefault(skinplugin); Skin defaultskin = boost::dynamic_pointer_cast<ISkin>(theskin); defaultskin->Initialize(); } I would much rather call the getdefault as the following, with automatic casting to the derived class. However I need to specialize for every class type. template<> Skin Settings::GetDefault<ISkin>() { return boost::dynamic_pointer_cast<ISkin>(m_default(skin)); }

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  • Randomly choose value between 1 and 10 with equal number of instances

    - by user1723765
    I would like to generate 2000 random numbers between 1 and 10 such that for each random number I have the same number of instances. In this case 200 for each number. What should be random is the order in which it is generated. I have the following problem: I have an array with 2000 entries but not each with unique values, for example it starts like this: 11112233333333344445667777777777 and consists of 2000 entries. I would like to generate random numbers and assign each UNIQUE value a separate random number but have an entry for each value So my intended result would look like this: original array: 11112233333333344445667777777777 random numbers: 33334466666666699991778888888888

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  • VLC volume only to 200%?

    - by Tomas
    According to this comment it seems that VLC could boost the audio volume up to 800% in the past versions. Today I installed VLC multimedia player version 2.0.5 and it is capable only to boost up to 200%! This is not much, considering that some youtube videos are very quiet. This is what I need VLC for - to boost up volume for quiet youtube videos. So, where's the problem? Was it actually 800% in the past? Did VLC really limit this from former 800% to current 200%? Is it possible to somehow achieve more boost with VLC? Or with other software? I am using Windows 7.

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  • Returning a flexible datatype from a C++ function

    - by GavinH
    I'm developing for a legacy C++ application which uses ODBC for it's data access. Coming from a C# background, I really miss the ADO style of data access. I'm writing a wrapper (because we can't actually use ADO) to make our data access less painful. This means no char arrays, no manual text blob streaming, and no declaritive column binding. I'm struggling with how to store / return data values. In C# at least, you can declare an object and cast it to whatever (as long as the type is convertable). My current C++ solution is to use boost::any to store the data value in a custom DataColumnValue object. This class has conversion and assignment operators to the various types used in our app (more than 10). There's a bit of complexity here because if you store an int in the boost::any and try to boost::any_cast<long> you get a boost::bad_any_cast. Client objects shouldn't have to know how the value is stored internally. Does anyone have any experience trying to store / return values whose types are only known at runtime? Is there a better / cleaner way?

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  • multi_index composite_key replace with iterator

    - by Rohit
    Is there anyway to loop through an index in a boost::multi_index and perform a replace? #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <boost/multi_index_container.hpp> #include <boost/multi_index/composite_key.hpp> #include <boost/multi_index/member.hpp> #include <boost/multi_index/ordered_index.hpp> using namespace boost::multi_index; using namespace std; struct name_record { public: name_record(string given_name_,string family_name_,string other_name_) { given_name=given_name_; family_name=family_name_; other_name=other_name_; } string given_name; string family_name; string other_name; string get_name() const { return given_name + " " + family_name + " " + other_name; } void setnew(string chg) { given_name = given_name + chg; family_name = family_name + chg; } }; struct NameIndex{}; typedef multi_index_container< name_record, indexed_by< ordered_non_unique< tag<NameIndex>, composite_key < name_record, BOOST_MULTI_INDEX_MEMBER(name_record,string, name_record::given_name), BOOST_MULTI_INDEX_MEMBER(name_record,string, name_record::family_name) > > > > name_record_set; typedef boost::multi_index::index<name_record_set,NameIndex>::type::iterator IteratorType; typedef boost::multi_index::index<name_record_set,NameIndex>::type NameIndexType; void printContainer(name_record_set & ns) { cout << endl << "PrintContainer" << endl << "-------------" << endl; IteratorType it1 = ns.begin(); IteratorType it2 = ns.end (); while (it1 != it2) { cout<<it1->get_name()<<endl; it1++; } cout << "--------------" << endl << endl; } void modifyContainer(name_record_set & ns) { cout << endl << "ModifyContainer" << endl << "-------------" << endl; IteratorType it3; IteratorType it4; NameIndexType & idx1 = ns.get<NameIndex>(); IteratorType it1 = idx1.begin(); IteratorType it2 = idx1.end(); while (it1 != it2) { cout<<it1->get_name()<<endl; name_record nr = *it1; nr.setnew("_CHG"); bool res = idx1.replace(it1,nr); cout << "result is: " << res << endl; it1++; } cout << "--------------" << endl << endl; } int main() { name_record_set ns; ns.insert( name_record("Joe","Smith","ENTRY1") ); ns.insert( name_record("Robert","Brown","ENTRY2") ); ns.insert( name_record("Robert","Nightingale","ENTRY3") ); ns.insert( name_record("Marc","Tuxedo","ENTRY4") ); printContainer (ns); modifyContainer (ns); printContainer (ns); return 0; } PrintContainer ------------- Joe Smith ENTRY1 Marc Tuxedo ENTRY4 Robert Brown ENTRY2 Robert Nightingale ENTRY3 -------------- ModifyContainer ------------- Joe Smith ENTRY1 result is: 1 Marc Tuxedo ENTRY4 result is: 1 Robert Brown ENTRY2 result is: 1 -------------- PrintContainer ------------- Joe_CHG Smith_CHG ENTRY1 Marc_CHG Tuxedo_CHG ENTRY4 Robert Nightingale ENTRY3 Robert_CHG Brown_CHG ENTRY2 --------------

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  • EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION (SIGILL) at random during use of app. Bug in AppKit?

    - by Ger Teunis
    I'm currently testing a new version of an app of mine on OSX 10.5 An user reported some weird crashes during use of the application, sadly not reproducible by me. At first sight it seems to happen randomly, once he had the crash while opening an NSOpenPanel and once during focusing an NSTextField and once during NSView switch in a parent view. If you have any idea which area I should look at it would be greatly appreciated! I'm completely lost here. App is compiled in XCode 3.2.1 with SDK 10.5 and targetted at 10.5 He send me these crashes: Crash 1 Process: NZBVortex [43622] Path: /Users/cero/Downloads/NZBVortex.app/Contents/MacOS/NZBVortex Identifier: com.NZBVortex.NZBVortex Version: 0.5.5 (0.5.5) Code Type: X86-64 (Native) Parent Process: launchd [97] Interval Since Last Report: 1951 sec Crashes Since Last Report: 1 Per-App Interval Since Last Report: 1858 sec Per-App Crashes Since Last Report: 1 Date/Time: 2010-03-23 23:43:49.671 +0100 OS Version: Mac OS X 10.5.8 (9L31a) Report Version: 6 Anonymous UUID: 98AB0386-590B-4E0D-B7AC-3F7AA4E7238E Exception Type: EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION (SIGILL) Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000001, 0x0000000000000000 Crashed Thread: 0 Application Specific Information: objc[43622]: alt handlers in objc runtime are buggy! - Hide quoted text - Thread 0 Crashed: 0 libobjc.A.dylib 0x00007fff82baef6e _objc_fatal + 238 1 libobjc.A.dylib 0x00007fff82bb2ea4 objc_addExceptionHandler + 302 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff842b1090 _CFDoExceptionOperation + 528 3 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff81f75e26 _NSAppKitLock + 81 4 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff81f80f8f -[NSView nextKeyView] + 56 5 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff81f81018 -[NSView _primitiveSetNextKeyView:] + 72 6 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff820732b1 -[NSView _recursiveSetDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 242 7 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82073300 -[NSView _recursiveSetDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 321 8 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82073300 -[NSView _recursiveSetDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 321 9 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82073300 -[NSView _recursiveSetDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 321 10 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82073300 -[NSView _recursiveSetDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 321 11 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82072fc3 -[NSView _setDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 279 12 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82072e70 -[NSWindow recalculateKeyViewLoop] + 36 13 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff821dd149 -[NSSavePanel(NSSavePanelRuntime) _loadPreviousModeAndLayout] + 39 14 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff821dcf9e -[NSSavePanel(NSSavePanelRuntime) runModalForDirectory:file:types:] + 71 15 com.NZBVortex.NZBVortex 0x000000010000b7ee -[MainWindowViewController openNZBFileButtonClick:] + 62 16 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff821c96bf -[NSToolbarButton sendAction:to:] + 77 17 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff821c8bb7 -[NSToolbarItemViewer mouseDown:] + 5362 18 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82082783 -[NSWindow sendEvent:] + 5068 19 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8204fd46 -[NSApplication sendEvent:] + 5089 20 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff81faa562 -[NSApplication run] + 497 21 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff81f772f0 NSApplicationMain + 373 22 com.NZBVortex.NZBVortex 0x0000000100012a69 main + 9 23 com.NZBVortex.NZBVortex 0x0000000100001a84 start + 52 Crash 2 Process: NZBVortex [43600] Path: /Users/cero/Downloads/NZBVortex.app/Contents/MacOS/NZBVortex Identifier: com.NZBVortex.NZBVortex Version: 0.5.5 (0.5.5) Code Type: X86-64 (Native) Parent Process: launchd [97] Interval Since Last Report: 727 sec Crashes Since Last Report: 1 Per-App Interval Since Last Report: 616 sec Per-App Crashes Since Last Report: 1 Date/Time: 2010-03-23 23:11:20.000 +0100 OS Version: Mac OS X 10.5.8 (9L31a) Report Version: 6 Anonymous UUID: 98AB0386-590B-4E0D-B7AC-3F7AA4E7238E Exception Type: EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION (SIGILL) Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000001, 0x0000000000000000 Crashed Thread: 0 Application Specific Information: objc[43600]: alt handlers in objc runtime are buggy! Thread 0 Crashed: 0 libobjc.A.dylib 0x00007fff82baef6e _objc_fatal + 238 1 libobjc.A.dylib 0x00007fff82bb2ea4 objc_addExceptionHandler + 302 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff842b1090 _CFDoExceptionOperation + 528 3 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff81f75e26 _NSAppKitLock + 81 4 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff81f80f8f -[NSView nextKeyView] + 56 5 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff81f81018 -[NSView _primitiveSetNextKeyView:] + 72 6 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff820732b1 -[NSView _recursiveSetDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 242 7 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82156700 -[NSTabView _recursiveSetDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 119 8 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82073300 -[NSView _recursiveSetDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 321 9 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82073300 -[NSView _recursiveSetDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 321 10 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82072fc3 -[NSView _setDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 279 11 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82072e70 -[NSWindow recalculateKeyViewLoop] + 36 12 com.NZBVortex.NZBVortex 0x000000010000b527 -[MainWindowViewController showView:sender:] + 1639 13 com.NZBVortex.NZBVortex 0x000000010000ae6b -[MainWindowViewController preferencesSaveAlertDidEnd:returnCode:contextInfo:] + 91 14 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82224291 -[NSAlert didEndAlert:returnCode:contextInfo:] + 107 15 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82224197 -[NSAlert buttonPressed:] + 279 16 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82085d46 -[NSApplication sendAction:to:from:] + 97 17 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82085c7f -[NSControl sendAction:to:] + 97 18 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff820851b0 -[NSCell trackMouse:inRect:ofView:untilMouseUp:] + 1841 19 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff820849d6 -[NSButtonCell trackMouse:inRect:ofView:untilMouseUp:] + 611 20 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8208422f -[NSControl mouseDown:] + 735 21 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82082783 -[NSWindow sendEvent:] + 5068 22 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8204fd46 -[NSApplication sendEvent:] + 5089 23 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff81faa562 -[NSApplication run] + 497 24 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff81f772f0 NSApplicationMain + 373 25 com.NZBVortex.NZBVortex 0x0000000100012a69 main + 9 26 com.NZBVortex.NZBVortex 0x0000000100001a84 start + 52 Crash 3 Process: NZBVortex [43520] Path: /Users/cero/Downloads/NZBVortex.app/Contents/MacOS/NZBVortex Identifier: com.NZBVortex.NZBVortex Version: 0.5.5 (0.5.5) Code Type: X86-64 (Native) Parent Process: launchd [97] Interval Since Last Report: 23487 sec Crashes Since Last Report: 2 Per-App Interval Since Last Report: 2025 sec Per-App Crashes Since Last Report: 1 Date/Time: 2010-03-23 22:59:05.484 +0100 OS Version: Mac OS X 10.5.8 (9L31a) Report Version: 6 Anonymous UUID: 98AB0386-590B-4E0D-B7AC-3F7AA4E7238E Exception Type: EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION (SIGILL) Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000001, 0x0000000000000000 Crashed Thread: 0 Application Specific Information: objc[43520]: alt handlers in objc runtime are buggy! Thread 0 Crashed: 0 libobjc.A.dylib 0x00007fff82baef6e _objc_fatal + 238 1 libobjc.A.dylib 0x00007fff82bb2ea4 objc_addExceptionHandler + 302 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff842b1090 _CFDoExceptionOperation + 528 3 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff81f75e26 _NSAppKitLock + 81 4 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff81f80f8f -[NSView nextKeyView] + 56 5 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff81f81018 -[NSView _primitiveSetNextKeyView:] + 72 6 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff820732b1 -[NSView _recursiveSetDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 242 7 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82073300 -[NSView _recursiveSetDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 321 8 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82073300 -[NSView _recursiveSetDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 321 9 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82073300 -[NSView _recursiveSetDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 321 10 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82073300 -[NSView _recursiveSetDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 321 11 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82072fc3 -[NSView _setDefaultKeyViewLoop] + 279 12 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82072e70 -[NSWindow recalculateKeyViewLoop] + 36 13 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff821dd149 -[NSSavePanel(NSSavePanelRuntime) _loadPreviousModeAndLayout] + 39 14 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff821dcf9e -[NSSavePanel(NSSavePanelRuntime) runModalForDirectory:file:types:] + 71 15 com.NZBVortex.NZBVortex 0x000000010000b7ee -[MainWindowViewController openNZBFileButtonClick:] + 62 16 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff821c96bf -[NSToolbarButton sendAction:to:] + 77 17 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff821c8bb7 -[NSToolbarItemViewer mouseDown:] + 5362 18 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff82082783 -[NSWindow sendEvent:] + 5068 19 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8204fd46 -[NSApplication sendEvent:] + 5089 20 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff81faa562 -[NSApplication run] + 497 21 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff81f772f0 NSApplicationMain + 373 22 com.NZBVortex.NZBVortex 0x0000000100012a69 main + 9 23 com.NZBVortex.NZBVortex 0x0000000100001a84 start + 52

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  • Insert random <script> for using $(document).ready(function()}); in Joomla

    - by Anriëtte Combrink
    Hi I have an article in which I use PHP code inside the text editor in Joomla, in the backend. I can see jQuery already called when the page loads, here is my code inside the Article edit textbox: <?php $username="XXX"; $password="XXX"; $database="XXX"; mysql_connect('localhost',$username,$password) or die(mysql_error()); mysql_select_db($database) or die("Unable to select database"); $result=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM birthdays ORDER BY name") or die(mysql_error()); echo "<table width='100%' cellspacing='10' cellpadding='0' border='0'>"; echo "<tr valign='top'><th align='left'></th><th align='left'>Name</th><th align='left'>Email</th><th align='left'>Day</th><th align='left'>Month</th></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>"; while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { echo "<tr>"; echo '<td valign="top"><a href="#" id="'.$row['id'].'" class="delete_birthday"><img src="administrator/components/com_media/images/remove.png" alt="Delete user" /></a><input type="hidden" name="id[]" value="'.$row['id'].'" /></td>'; echo "<td valign='top' style='border-bottom:1px dotted #333333; padding:2px;'>"; echo $row['name']; echo "</td>"; echo "<td valign='top' style='border-bottom:1px dotted #333333; padding:2px;'>"; echo $row['email']; echo "</td>"; echo "<td align='center' valign='top' style='border-bottom:1px dotted #333333; padding:2px;'>"; echo $row['birthday']; echo "</td>"; echo "<td align='center' valign='top' style='border-bottom:1px dotted #333333; padding:2px;'>"; echo $row['birthmonth']; echo "</td>"; echo "</tr>"; } echo "</table>"; ?> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { alert("hello"); }); </script> At the moment, nothing alerts (just alerting for testing if jQuery gets recognised, I am obviously going to put in click handlers), so I assume the $(document).ready() never gets triggered. I can see the code in the source, but it just never gets called. Anybody have any advice? BTW. the SC jQuery plugin is installed already to prevent library conflicts.

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  • Enabling XML-documentation for code contracts

    - by DigiMortal
    One nice feature that code contracts offer is updating of code documentation. If you are using source code documenting features of Visual Studio then code contracts may automate some tasks you otherwise have to implement manually. In this posting I will show you some XML documentation files with documented contracts. I will also explain how this feature works. Enabling XML-documentation in project settings As a first thing let’s enable generating of code documentation under project settings. Open project properties, move to Build page and make check to checkbox called “XML documentation file”. Save project settings and rebuild project. When project is built go to bin/Debug folder and open the XML-file. Here is my XML. <?xml version="1.0"?> <doc>     <assembly>         <name>Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable</name>     </assembly>     <members>         <member name="T:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer">             <summary>             Class for generating random integers in user specified range.             </summary>         </member>         <member name="M:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer.#ctor(Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.IRandomGenerator)">             <summary>             Constructor of Randomizer. Initializes Randomizer class.             </summary>             <param name="generator">Instance of random number generator.</param>         </member>         <member name="M:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer.GetRandomFromRangeContracted(System.Int32,System.Int32)">             <summary>             Returns random integer in given range.             </summary>             <param name="min">Minimum value of random integer.</param>             <param name="max">Maximum value of random integer.</param>         </member>     </members> </doc> You can see nothing about code contracts here. Enabling code contracts documentation Code contracts have their own settings and conditions for documentation. Open project properties and move to Code Contracts tab. From “Contract Reference Assembly” dropdown check Build and make check to checkbox “Emit contracts into XML doc file”. And again – save project setting, build the project and move to bin/Debug folder. Now you can see that there are two files for XML-documentation: <assembly name>.XML <assembly name>.old.XML First files is documentation with contracts, second file is original documentation without contracts. Let’s see now what is inside our new XML-documentation file. <?xml version="1.0"?> <doc>   <assembly>     <name>Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable</name>   </assembly>   <members>     <member name="T:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer">       <summary>             Class for generating random integers in user specified range.             </summary>     </member>     <member name="M:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer.#ctor(Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.IRandomGenerator)">       <summary>             Constructor of Randomizer. Initializes Randomizer class.             </summary>       <param name="generator">Instance of random number generator.</param>     </member>     <member name="M:Eneta.Examples.CodeContracts.Testable.Randomizer.GetRandomFromRangeContracted(System.Int32,System.Int32)">       <summary>             Returns random integer in given range.             </summary>       <param name="min">Minimum value of random integer.</param>       <param name="max">Maximum value of random integer.</param>       <requires description="Min must be less than max" exception="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">                 min &lt; max</requires>       <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">                 min &gt;= max</exception>       <ensures description="Return value is out of range">                 Contract.Result&lt;int&gt;() &gt;= min &amp;&amp;                 Contract.Result&lt;int&gt;() &lt;= max</ensures>     </member>   </members> </doc> As you can see then code contracts are pretty well documented. Messages that I provided with code contracts are also available in documentation. If I wrote very good and informative messages then these messages are very useful also in contracts documentation. Code contracts and Sandcastle Sandcastle knows nothing about code contracts by default. There is separate package of file for Sandcastle that is provided you by code contracts installation. You can read from code contracts manual: “Sandcastle (http://www.codeplex.com/Sandcastle) is a freely available tool that generates help les and web sites describing your APIs, based on the XML doc comments in your source code. The CodeContracts install contains a set of les that can be copied over a Sandcastle installation to take advantage of the additional contract information. The produced documentation adds a contract section to methods with declared requires and/or ensures. In order for Sandcastle to produce Contract sections, you need to patch a number of files in its installation. Please refer to the Sandcastle Readme.txt found under Start Menu/CodeContracts/Sandcastle for instructions. A future release of Sandcastle will hopefully support contract sections without the need for this patching step.” Integrating code contracts documentation to Sandcastle will be one of my next postings about code contracts. Conclusion if you are using code documentation then documentation about code contracts can be added to documentation very easily. All you have to do is to enable XML-documentation for contracts and build your project. Later you can use Sandcastle files provided by code contracts installer to integrate contracts documentation to your output documentation package.

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  • Error in python - don't understand

    - by Jasper
    Hi, I'm creating a game, and am quite new to Python generally. I created a function 'descriptionGenerator()' which generates a description for characters and objects either randomly or using variables passed to it. It seemed to be working, but every now and then it wouldn't work correctly. So i placed it in a loop, and it never seems to be able to complete the loop without one of the iterations having this problem. The code is as follows: #+------------------------------------------+ #| Name: bitsandpieces.py | #| A module for the 'Europa I' game | #| created for the Game Making Competition | #| | #| Date Created/Modified: | #| 3/4/10 | 3/4/10 | #+------------------------------------------+ # Import the required modules # Import system modules: import time import random # Import 3rd party modules: # Import game modules: # Define the 'descriptionGenerator()' function def descriptionGenerator(descriptionVariables): descriptionVariableSize = len(descriptionVariables) if descriptionVariables[0] == 'char': # If there is only one variable ('char'), create a random description if descriptionVariableSize == 1: # Define choices for descriptionVariables to be generated from gender_choices = ['male', 'female'] hair_choices = ['black', 'red', 'blonde', 'grey', 'brown', 'blue'] hair_choices2 = ['long', 'short', 'cropped', 'curly'] size_choices = ['tubby', 'thin', 'fat', 'almost twig-like'] demeanour_choices = ['glowering', 'bright', 'smiling', 'sombre', 'intelligent'] impression_choices = ['likeable', 'unlikeable', 'dangerous', 'annoying', 'afraid'] # Define description variables gender = random.choice(gender_choices) height = str(float('0.' + str(random.randint(1, 9))) + float(random.randint(1, 2))) if float(height) > 1.8: height_string = 'tall' if float(height) > 2: height_string = 'very tall' elif float(height) < 1.8 and float(height) > 1.5: height_string = 'average' elif float(height) < 1.5: height_string = 'short' if float(height) < 1.3: height_string = 'very short' hair = random.choice(hair_choices2) + ' ' + random.choice(hair_choices) size = random.choice(size_choices) demeanour = random.choice(demeanour_choices) impression = random.choice(impression_choices) # Collect description variables in list 'randomDescriptionVariables' randomDescriptionVariables = ['char', gender, height, height_string, hair, size, demeanour, impression] # Generate description using the 'descriptionGenerator' function descriptionGenerator(randomDescriptionVariables) # Generate the description of a character using the variables passed to the function elif descriptionVariableSize == 8: if descriptionVariables[1] == 'male': if descriptionVariables[7] != 'afraid': print """A %s man, about %s m tall. He has %s hair and is %s. He is %s and you get the impression that he is %s.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) elif descriptionVariables[7] == 'afraid': print """A %s man, about %s m tall. He has %s hair and is %s. He is %s.\nYou feel that you should be %s of him.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) elif descriptionVariables[1] == 'female': if descriptionVariables[7] != 'afraid': print """A %s woman, about %s m tall. She has %s hair and is %s. She is %s and you get the impression that she is %s.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) elif descriptionVariables[7] == 'afraid': print """A %s woman, about %s m tall. She has %s hair and is %s. She is %s.\nYou feel that you should be %s of her.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) else: pass elif descriptionVariables[0] == 'obj': # Insert code here 2 deal with object stuff pass print print myDescriptionVariables = ['char'] i = 0 while i < 30: print print print descriptionGenerator(myDescriptionVariables) i = i + 1 time.sleep(10) When it fails to properly execute it says this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/Jasper/Development/Programming/MyProjects/Game Making Challenge/Europa I/Code/Code 2.0/bitsandpieces.py", line 79, in <module> descriptionGenerator(myDescriptionVariables) File "/Users/Jasper/Development/Programming/MyProjects/Game Making Challenge/Europa I/Code/Code 2.0/bitsandpieces.py", line 50, in descriptionGenerator randomDescriptionVariables = ['char', gender, height, height_string, hair, size, demeanour, impression] UnboundLocalError: local variable 'height_string' referenced before assignment Thanks for any help with this

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  • Problem creating checklist (similar to TouchCells sample code) app for iPhone. Random cells get chec

    - by Jonah
    I've been having a problem creating a checklist in the style of the TouchCells example from the Apple sample code. Basically, it is a table that allows multiple selection of its items and gives each selected item a check mark. The problem I'm having is that when I select an item and then scroll down the screen, another item (off the screen) will randomly be selected. It seems that it is usually the next cell to be loaded on the screen. I couldn't figure out what I was doing wrong so I tested it with Apple's TouchCells code. In their program though, they only have 6 cells and there is no room to scroll. So, I duplicated some of the items from the plist file to make more cells and... the same problem pops up. If you select a cell and then scroll, another cell will randomly be selected. Update I recently tried the iPhone Dev Cookbook sample code named "Checks" and... you guessed it, the same problem. Here's the link: http://code.google.com/p/cookbooksamples/downloads/list This is driving me nuts. Is it a bug or am I doing something wrong? Does anyone know how to fix this? Thanks! Also, does anyone know of any sample code that shows how to do this?

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  • Select a random row from table, but with odds?

    - by Don
    I have a table that describes a variety of objects in my system (ie. umbrella, boots, satchel, whatever). Each one of these objects needs to have a distinct prevalence or incidence. For example, the umbrella is rarer than the boots. Based on those factors, I need to randomly select a single object (including a blank or 'no object found') based on that incidence value. Yikes. Make sense?

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