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  • Python raw strings and trailing back slashes.

    - by dash-tom-bang
    I ran across something once upon a time and wondered if it was a Python "bug" or at least a misfeature. I'm curious if anyone knows of any justifications for this behavior. I thought of it just now reading "Code Like a Pythonista," which has been enjoyable so far. I'm only familiar with the 2.x line of Python. Raw strings are strings that are prefixed with an r. This is great because I can use backslashes in regular expressions and I don't need to double everything everywhere. It's also handy for writing throwaway scripts on Windows, so I can use backslashes there also. (I know I can also use forward slashes, but throwaway scripts often contain content cut&pasted from elsewhere in Windows.) So great! Unless, of course, you really want your string to end with a backslash. There's no way to do that in a 'raw' string. In [9]: r'\n' Out[9]: '\\n' In [10]: r'abc\n' Out[10]: 'abc\\n' In [11]: r'abc\' ------------------------------------------------ File "<ipython console>", line 1 r'abc\' ^ SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal In [12]: r'abc\\' Out[12]: 'abc\\\\' So one slash before the closing quote is an error, but two slashes gives you two slashes! Certainly I'm not the only one that is bothered by this? Thoughts on why 'raw' strings are 'raw, except for slash-quote'? I mean, if I wanted to embed a single quote in there I'd just use double quotes around the string, and vice versa. If I wanted both, I'd just triple quote. If I really wanted three quotes in a row in a raw string, well, I guess I'd have to deal, but is this considered "proper behavior"?

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  • Getting registry information using Python

    - by Willy
    I am trying to pull registry info from many servers and put them all into one txt file. I got the code working fine in a .bat file. I hear that there is a way simpler way to do this in Python. I am intrigued and delighted to hear this. Can anyone help finish my code: My working bat file: echo rfsqlcl01app >> foo.txt reg query "\\rfsqlcl01app\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Network Associates\TVD\Shared Components\On Access Scanner\McShield\Configuration\Default" >> foo.txt echo GLADGSQL01 >> foo.txt reg query "\\GLADGSQL01\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Network Associates\TVD\Shared Components\On Access Scanner\McShield\Configuration\Default" >> foo.txt echo GLADGWEB01 >> foo.txt reg query "\\GLADGWEB01\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Network Associates\TVD\Shared Components\On Access Scanner\McShield\Configuration\Default" >> foo.txt echo PAPERVISION >> foo.txt My python code structure: >>> server_list = open('server_test.txt', 'r') >>> for line in server_list: print r'reg query \\%s\blah\blah\blah' % line.strip() reg query \\foo\blah\blah\blah reg query \\moo\blah\blah\blah reg query \\boo\blah\blah\blah >>> server_list.close()

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  • Python - Checking for membership inside nested dict

    - by victorhooi
    heya, This is a followup questions to this one: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2901422/python-dictreader-skipping-rows-with-missing-columns Turns out I was being silly, and using the wrong ID field. I'm using Python 3.x here. I have a dict of employees, indexed by a string, "directory_id". Each value is a nested dict with employee attributes (phone number, surname etc.). One of these values is a secondary ID, say "internal_id", and another is their manager, call it "manager_internal_id". The "internal_id" field is non-mandatory, and not every employee has one. (I've simplified the fields a little, both to make it easier to read, and also for privacy/compliance reasons). The issue here is that we index (key) each employee by their directory_id, but when we lookup their manager, we need to find managers by their "internal_id". Before, when employee.keys() was a list of internal_ids, I was using a membership check on this. Now, the last part of my if statement won't work, since the internal_ids is part of the dict values, instead of the key itself. def lookup_supervisor(manager_internal_id, employees): if manager_internal_idis not None and manager_internal_id!= "" and manager_internal_id in employees.keys(): return (employees[manager_internal_id]['mail'], employees[manager_internal_id]['givenName'], employees[manager_internal_id]['sn']) else: return ('Supervisor Not Found', 'Supervisor Not Found', 'Supervisor Not Found') So the first question is, how do I check whether the manager_internal_id is present in the dict's values. I've tried substituting employee.keys() with employee.values(), that didn't work. Also, I'm hoping for something a little more efficient, not sure if there's a way to get a subset of the values, specifically, all the entries for employees[directory_id]['internal_id']. Hopefully there's some Pythonic way of doing this, without using a massive heap of nested for/if loops. My second question is, how do I then cleanly return the required employee attributes (mail, givenname, surname etc.). My for loop is iterating over each employee, and calling lookup_supervisor. I'm feeling a bit stupid/stumped here. def tidy_data(employees): for directory_id, data in employees.items(): # We really shouldnt' be passing employees back and forth like this - hmm, classes? data['SupervisorEmail'], data['SupervisorFirstName'], data['SupervisorSurname'] = lookup_supervisor(data['manager_internal_id'], employees) Thanks in advance =), Victor

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  • Python Error-Checking Standard Practice

    - by chaindriver
    Hi, I have a question regarding error checking in Python. Let's say I have a function that takes a file path as an input: def myFunction(filepath): infile = open(filepath) #etc etc... One possible precondition would be that the file should exist. There are a few possible ways to check for this precondition, and I'm just wondering what's the best way to do it. i) Check with an if-statement: if not os.path.exists(filepath): raise IOException('File does not exist: %s' % filepath) This is the way that I would usually do it, though the same IOException would be raised by Python if the file does not exist, even if I don't raise it. ii) Use assert to check for the precondition: assert os.path.exists(filepath), 'File does not exist: %s' % filepath Using asserts seems to be the "standard" way of checking for pre/postconditions, so I am tempted to use these. However, it is possible that these asserts are turned off when the -o flag is used during execution, which means that this check might potentially be turned off and that seems risky. iii) Don't handle the precondition at all This is because if filepath does not exist, there will be an exception generated anyway and the exception message is detailed enough for user to know that the file does not exist I'm just wondering which of the above is the standard practice that I should use for my codes.

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  • using an alternative string quotation syntax in python

    - by Cawas
    Just wondering... I find using escape characters too distracting. I'd rather do something like this: print ^'Let's begin and end with sets of unlikely 2 chars and bingo!'^ Let's begin and end with sets of unlikely 2 chars and bingo! Note the ' inside the string, and how this syntax would have no issue with it, or whatever else inside for basically all cases. Too bad markdown can't properly colorize it (yet), so I decided to <pre> it. Sure, the ^ could be any other char, I'm not sure what would look/work better. That sounds good enough to me, tho. Probably some other language already have a similar solution. And, just maybe, Python already have such a feature and I overlooked it. I hope this is the case. But if it isn't, would it be too hard to, somehow, change Python's interpreter and be able to select an arbitrary (or even standardized) syntax for notating the strings? I realize there are many ways to change statements and the whole syntax in general by using pre-compilators, but this is far more specific. And going any of those routes is what I call "too hard". I'm not really needing to do this so, again, I'm just wondering.

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  • Error in Python's os.walk?

    - by Mike Caron
    The os.walk documentation (http://docs.python.org/library/os.html? highlight=os.walk#os.walk), says I can skip traversing unwanted directories by removing them from the dir list. The explicit example from the docs: import os from os.path import join, getsize for root, dirs, files in os.walk('python/Lib/email'): print root, "consumes", print sum(getsize(join(root, name)) for name in files), print "bytes in", len(files), "non-directory files" if 'CVS' in dirs: dirs.remove('CVS') # don't visit CVS directories I see different behavior (using ActivePython 2.6.2). Namely for the code: >>> for root,dirs,files in os.walk(baseline): ... if root.endswith(baseline): ... for d in dirs: ... print "DIR: %s" % d ... if not d.startswith("keep_"): ... print "Removing %s\\%s" % (root,d) ... dirs.remove(d) ... ... print "ROOT: %s" % root ... I get the output: DIR: two Removing: two DIR: thr33 Removing: thr33 DIR: keep_me DIR: keep_me_too DIR: keep_all_of_us ROOT: \\mach\dirs ROOT: \\mach\dirs\ONE ROOT: \\mach\dirs\ONE\FurtherRubbish ROOT: \\mach\dirs\ONE\FurtherRubbish\blah ROOT: \\mach\dirs\ONE\FurtherRubbish\blah\Extracted ROOT: \\mach\dirs\ONE\FurtherRubbish\blah2\Extracted\Stuff_1 ... WTF? Why wasn't \\mach\dirs\ONE removed? It clearly doesn't start with "keep_".

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  • Correct way to do timer function in Python

    - by bwawok
    Hi. I have a GUI application that needs to do something simple in the background (update a wx python progress bar, but that doesn't really matter). I see that there is a threading.timer class.. but there seems to be no way to make it repeat. So if I use the timer, I end up having to make a new thread on every single execution... like : import threading import time def DoTheDew(): print "I did it" t = threading.Timer(1, function=DoTheDew) t.daemon = True t.start() if __name__ == '__main__': t = threading.Timer(1, function=DoTheDew) t.daemon = True t.start() time.sleep(10) This seems like I am making a bunch of threads that do 1 silly thing and die.. why not write it as : import threading import time def DoTheDew(): while True: print "I did it" time.sleep(1) if __name__ == '__main__': t = threading.Thread(target=DoTheDew) t.daemon = True t.start() time.sleep(10) Am I missing some way to make a timer keep doing something? Either of these options seems silly... I am looking for a timer more like a java.util.Timer that can schedule the thread to happen every second... If there isn't a way in Python, which of my above methods is better and why?

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  • python tkinter gui

    - by Lewis Townsend
    I'm wanting to make a small python program for yearly temperatures. I can get nearly everything working in the standard console but I'm wanting to implement it into a GUI. The program opens a csv file reads it into lists, works out the average, and min & max temps. Then on closing the application will save a summary to a new text file. I am wanting the default start up screen to show All Years. When a button is clicked it just shows that year's data. Here is a what I want it to look like. Pretty simple layout with just the 5 buttons and the out puts for each. I can make up the buttons for the top fine with: Code: class App: def __init__(self, master): frame = Frame(master) frame.pack() self.hi_there = Button(frame, text="All Years", command=self.All) self.hi_there.pack(side=LEFT) self.hi_there = Button(frame, text="2011", command=self.Y1) self.hi_there.pack(side=LEFT) self.hi_there = Button(frame, text="2012", command=self.Y2) self.hi_there.pack(side=LEFT) self.hi_there = Button(frame, text="2013", command=self.Y3) self.hi_there.pack(side=LEFT) self.hi_there = Button(frame, text="Save & Exit", command=self.Exit) self.hi_there.pack(side=LEFT) I'm not sure as to how to make the other elements, such as the title & table. I was going to post the code of the small program but decided not to. Once I have the structure/framework I think I can populate the fields & I might learn better this way. Using Python 2.7.3

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  • Python 3.3 Webserver restarting problems

    - by IPDGino
    I have made a simple webserver in python, and had some problems with it before as described here: Python (3.3) Webserver script with an interesting error In that question, the answer was to use a While True: loop so that any crashes or errors would be resolved instantly, because it would just start itself again. I've used this for a while, and still want to make the server restart itself every few minutes, but on Linux for some reason it won't work for me. On windows the code below works fine, but on linux it keeps saying Handler class up here ... ... class Server: def __init__(self): self.server_class = HTTPServer self.server_adress = ('MY IP GOES HERE, or localhost', 8080) global httpd httpd = self.server_class(self.server_adress, Handler) self.main() def main(self): if count > 1: global SERVER_UP_SINCE HOUR_CHECK = int(((count - 1) * RESTART_INTERVAL) / 60) SERVER_UPTIME = str(HOUR_CHECK) + " MINUTES" if HOUR_CHECK > 60: minutes = int(HOUR_CHECK % 60) hours = int(HOUR_CHECK // 60) SERVER_UPTIME = ("%s HOURS, %s MINUTES" % (str(hours), str(minutes))) SERVING_ON_ADDR = self.server_adress SERVER_UP_SINCE = str(SERVER_UP_SINCE) SERVER_RESTART_NUMBER = count - 1 print(""" SERVER INFO ------------------------------------- SERVER_UPTIME: %s SERVER_UP_SINCE: %s TOTAL_FILES_SERVED: %d SERVING_ON_ADDR: %s SERVER_RESTART_NUMBER: %s \n\nSERVER HAS RESTARTED """ % (SERVER_UPTIME, SERVER_UP_SINCE, TOTAL_FILES, SERVING_ON_ADDR, SERVER_RESTART_NUMBER)) else: print("SERVER_BOOT=1\nSERVER_ONLINE=TRUE\nRESTART_LOOP=TRUE\nSERVING_ON_ADDR:%s" % str(self.server_adress)) while True: try: httpd.serve_forever() except KeyboardInterrupt: print("Shutting down...") break httpd.shutdown() httpd.socket.close() raise(SystemExit) return def server_restart(): """If you want the restart timer to be longer, replace the number after the RESTART_INTERVAL variable""" global RESTART_INTERVAL RESTART_INTERVAL = 10 threading.Timer(RESTART_INTERVAL, server_restart).start() global count count = count + 1 instance = Server() if __name__ == "__main__": global SERVER_UP_SINCE SERVER_UP_SINCE = strftime("%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S", gmtime()) server_restart() Basically, I make a thread to restart it every 10 seconds (For testing purposes) and start the server. After ten seconds it will say File "/home/username/Desktop/Webserver/server.py", line 199, in __init__ httpd = self.server_class(self.server_adress, Handler) File "/usr/lib/python3.3/socketserver.py", line 430, in __init__ self.server_bind() File "/usr/lib/python3.3/http/server.py", line 135, in server_bind socketserver.TCPServer.server_bind(self) File "/usr/lib/python3.3/socketserver.py", line 441, in server_bind self.socket.bind(self.server_address) OSError: [Errno 98] Address already in use As you can see in the except KeyboardInterruption line, I tried everything to make the server stop, and the program stop, but it will NOT stop. But the thing I really want to know is how to make this server able to restart, without giving some wonky errors.

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  • Spawning a thread in python

    - by morpheous
    I have a series of 'tasks' that I would like to run in separate threads. The tasks are to be performed by separate modules. Each containing the business logic for processing their tasks. Given a tuple of tasks, I would like to be able to spawn a new thread for each module as follows. from foobar import alice, bob charles data = getWorkData() # these are enums (which I just found Python doesn't support natively) :( tasks = (alice, bob, charles) for task in tasks # Ok, just found out Python doesn't have a switch - @#$%! # yet another thing I'll need help with then ... switch case alice: #spawn thread here - how ? alice.spawnWorker(data) No prizes for guessing I am still thinking in C++. How can I write this in a Pythonic way using Pythonic 'enums' and 'switch'es, and be able to run a module in a new thread. Obviously, the modules will all have a class that is derived from a ABC (abstract base class) called Plugin. The spawnWorker() method will be declared on the Plugin interface and defined in the classes implemented in the various modules. Maybe, there is a better (i.e. Pythonic) way of doing all this?. I'd be interested in knowing

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  • Calling Python app/script from C#

    - by Maxim Z.
    I'm building an ASP.NET MVC (C#) site where I want to implement STV (Single Transferable Vote) voting. I've used OpenSTV for voting scenarios before, with great success, but I've never used it programmatically. The OpenSTV Google Code project offers a Python script that allows usage of OpenSTV from other applications: import sys sys.path.append("path to openstv package") from openstv.ballots import Ballots from openstv.ReportPlugins.TextReport import TextReport from openstv.plugins import getMethodPlugins (ballotFname, method, reportFname) = sys.argv[1:] methods = getMethodPlugins("byName") f = open(reportFname, "w") try: b = Ballots() b.loadUnknown(ballotFname) except Exception, msg: print >> f, ("Unable to read ballots from %s" % ballotFname) print >> f, msg sys.exit(-1) try: e = methods[method](b) e.runElection() except Exception, msg: print >> f, ("Unable to count votes using %s" % method) print >> f, msg sys.exit(-1) try: r = TextReport(e, outputFile=f) r.generateReport(); except Exception, msg: print >> f, "Unable to write report" print >> f, msg sys.exit(-1) f.close() Is there a way for me to make such a Python call from my C# ASP.NET MVC site? If so, how? Thanks in advance!

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  • Parallel Tasking Concurrency with Dependencies on Python like GNU Make

    - by Brian Bruggeman
    I'm looking for a method or possibly a philosophical approach for how to do something like GNU Make within python. Currently, we utilize makefiles to execute processing because the makefiles are extremely good at parallel runs with changing single option: -j x. In addition, gnu make already has the dependency stacks built into it, so adding a secondary processor or the ability to process more threads just means updating that single option. I want that same power and flexibility in python, but I don't see it. As an example: all: dependency_a dependency_b dependency_c dependency_a: dependency_d stuff dependency_b: dependency_d stuff dependency_c: dependency_e stuff dependency_d: dependency_f stuff dependency_e: stuff dependency_f: stuff If we do a standard single thread operation (-j 1), the order of operation might be: dependency_f -> dependency_d -> dependency_a -> dependency_b -> dependency_e \ -> dependency_c For two threads (-j 2), we might see: 1: dependency_f -> dependency_d -> dependency_a -> dependency_b 2: dependency_e -> dependency_c Does anyone have any suggestions on either a package already built or an approach? I'm totally open, provided it's a pythonic solution/approach. Please and Thanks in advance!

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  • Python function correctly/incorrectly?

    - by Anthony Kernan
    I'm just starting too use python, learning experience. I know the basics logic of programming. I have a function in python that is running everytime, even when it's not supposed to. I use an if statement in the beginning of the function. I don't know why this if statement is not working, confused. I have another function that is similar and works correctly. Am I missing something simple? Here's the function that is not working... def check_artist_art(): if os.path.exists("/tmp/artistinfo") and open("/tmp/artistinfo").read() != title: #if artist == "": if os.path.exists(home + "/.artist"): os.remove(home + "/.artist") if os.path.exists("/tmp/artistinfo"): os.remove("/tmp/artistinfo") print artist return False else: os.path.exists("/tmp/artistinfo") and open("/tmp/artistinfo").read() == artist return False return True And this is the similar function that is working correctly.. def check_album(): if os.path.exists("/tmp/albuminfo") and open("/tmp/albuminfo").read() != album: if os.path.exists(home + "/.album"): os.remove(home + "/.album") if os.path.exists("/tmp/albuminfo"): os.remove("/tmp/albuminfo") return False elif os.path.exists("/tmp/trackinfo") and open("/tmp/trackinfo").read() == artist + album: return False return True Any help is greatly appreciated.

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  • Python opening a file and putting list of names on separate lines

    - by Jeremy Borton
    I am trying to write a python program using Python 3 I have to open a text file and read a list of names, print the list, sort the list in alphabetical order and then finally re-print the list. There's a little more to it than that BUT the problem I am having is that I'm supposed to print the list of names with each name on a separate line Instead of printing each name on a separate line, it prints the list all on one line. How can I fix this? def main(): #create control loop keep_going = 'y' #Open name file name_file = open('names.txt', 'r') names = name_file.readlines() name_file.close() #Open outfile outfile = open('sorted_names.txt', 'w') index = 0 while index < len(names): names[index] = names[index].rstrip('\n') index += 1 #sort names print('original order:', names) names.sort() print('sorted order:', names) #write names to outfile for item in names: outfile.write(item + '\n') #close outfile outfile.close() #search names while keep_going == 'y' or keep_going == 'Y': search = input('Enter a name to search: ') if search in names: print(search, 'was found in the list.') keep_going = input('Would you like to do another search Y for yes: ') else: print(search, 'was not found.') keep_going = input('Would you like to do another search Y for yes: ') main()

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  • Program structure in long running data processing python script

    - by fmark
    For my current job I am writing some long-running (think hours to days) scripts that do CPU intensive data-processing. The program flow is very simple - it proceeds into the main loop, completes the main loop, saves output and terminates: The basic structure of my programs tends to be like so: <import statements> <constant declarations> <misc function declarations> def main(): for blah in blahs(): <lots of local variables> <lots of tightly coupled computation> for something in somethings(): <lots more local variables> <lots more computation> <etc., etc.> <save results> if __name__ == "__main__": main() This gets unmanageable quickly, so I want to refactor it into something more manageable. I want to make this more maintainable, without sacrificing execution speed. Each chuck of code relies on a large number of variables however, so refactoring parts of the computation out to functions would make parameters list grow out of hand very quickly. Should I put this sort of code into a python class, and change the local variables into class variables? It doesn't make a great deal of sense tp me conceptually to turn the program into a class, as the class would never be reused, and only one instance would ever be created per instance. What is the best practice structure for this kind of program? I am using python but the question is relatively language-agnostic, assuming a modern object-oriented language features.

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  • LDAP query using Python: always no result

    - by Grey
    I am trying to use python to query LDAP server, and it always returns me no result. and anyone help me find what wrong with my python code? it runs fine without excpetions, and it always has no result. i played around with the filter like "cn=partofmyname" but just no luck. thanks for help import ldap try: l = ldap.open("server") l.protocol_version = ldap.VERSION3 l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0) output =l.simple_bind("cn=username,cn=Users,dc=domian, dc=net",'password$R') print output except ldap.LDAPError, e: print e baseDN = "DC=rim,DC=net" searchScope = ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE ## retrieve all attributes - again adjust to your needs - see documentation for more options retrieveAttributes = None Filter = "(&(objectClass=user)(sAMAccountName=myaccount))" try: ldap_result_id = l.search(baseDN, searchScope, Filter, retrieveAttributes) print ldap_result_id result_set = [] while 1: result_type, result_data = l.result(ldap_result_id, 0) if len(result_data) == 0: print 'no reslut' break else: for i in range(len(result_set)): for entry in result_set[i]: try: name = entry[1]['cn'][0] email = entry[1]['mail'][0] phone = entry[1]['telephonenumber'][0] desc = entry[1]['description'][0] count = count + 1 print "%d.\nName: %s\nDescription: %s\nE-mail: %s\nPhone: %s\n" %\ (count, name, desc, email, phone) except: pass ## here you don't have to append to a list ## you could do whatever you want with the individual entry #if result_type == ldap.RES_SEARCH_ENTRY: # result_set.append(result_data) # print result_set except ldap.LDAPError, e: print e l.unbind()

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  • A trivial Python SWIG error question

    - by Alex
    I am trying to get Python running with swig to do C/C++. I am running the tutorial here, 'building a python module'. When I do the call gcc -c example.c example_wrap.c -I /my_correct_path/python2.5 I get an error: my_correct_path/python2.5/pyport.h:761:2: error: #error "LONG_BIT definition appears wrong for platform (bad gcc/glibc config?)." example_wrap.c: In function 'SWIG_Python_ConvertFunctionPtr': example_wrap.c:2034: warning: initialization discards qualifiers from pointer target type example_wrap.c: In function 'SWIG_Python_FixMethods': example_wrap.c:3232: warning: initialization discards qualifiers from pointer target type It actually does create an example.o file, but it doesn't work. I am using python2.5 not 2.1 as in the example, is this a problem? The error (everything else is just a 'warning') says something about wrong platform. This is a 64bit machine; is this a problem? Is my gcc configured wrong for my machine? How do I get past this? UPDATE: I am still having problems. How do I actually implement this "fix"?

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  • How to speed-up python nested loop?

    - by erich
    I'm performing a nested loop in python that is included below. This serves as a basic way of searching through existing financial time series and looking for periods in the time series that match certain characteristics. In this case there are two separate, equally sized, arrays representing the 'close' (i.e. the price of an asset) and the 'volume' (i.e. the amount of the asset that was exchanged over the period). For each period in time I would like to look forward at all future intervals with lengths between 1 and INTERVAL_LENGTH and see if any of those intervals have characteristics that match my search (in this case the ratio of the close values is greater than 1.0001 and less than 1.5 and the summed volume is greater than 100). My understanding is that one of the major reasons for the speedup when using NumPy is that the interpreter doesn't need to type-check the operands each time it evaluates something so long as you're operating on the array as a whole (e.g. numpy_array * 2), but obviously the code below is not taking advantage of that. Is there a way to replace the internal loop with some kind of window function which could result in a speedup, or any other way using numpy/scipy to speed this up substantially in native python? Alternatively, is there a better way to do this in general (e.g. will it be much faster to write this loop in C++ and use weave)? ARRAY_LENGTH = 500000 INTERVAL_LENGTH = 15 close = np.array( xrange(ARRAY_LENGTH) ) volume = np.array( xrange(ARRAY_LENGTH) ) close, volume = close.astype('float64'), volume.astype('float64') results = [] for i in xrange(len(close) - INTERVAL_LENGTH): for j in xrange(i+1, i+INTERVAL_LENGTH): ret = close[j] / close[i] vol = sum( volume[i+1:j+1] ) if ret > 1.0001 and ret < 1.5 and vol > 100: results.append( [i, j, ret, vol] ) print results

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  • Need a better way to execute console commands from python and log the results

    - by Wim Coenen
    I have a python script which needs to execute several command line utilities. The stdout output is sometimes used for further processing. In all cases, I want to log the results and raise an exception if an error is detected. I use the following function to achieve this: def execute(cmd, logsink): logsink.log("executing: %s\n" % cmd) popen_obj = subprocess.Popen(\ cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) (stdout, stderr) = popen_obj.communicate() returncode = popen_obj.returncode if (returncode <> 0): logsink.log(" RETURN CODE: %s\n" % str(returncode)) if (len(stdout.strip()) > 0): logsink.log(" STDOUT:\n%s\n" % stdout) if (len(stderr.strip()) > 0): logsink.log(" STDERR:\n%s\n" % stderr) if (returncode <> 0): raise Exception, "execute failed with error output:\n%s" % stderr return stdout "logsink" can be any python object with a log method. I typically use this to forward the logging data to a specific file, or echo it to the console, or both, or something else... This works pretty good, except for three problems where I need more fine-grained control than the communicate() method provides: stdout and stderr output can be interleaved on the console, but the above function logs them separately. This can complicate the interpretation of the log. How do I log stdout and stderr lines interleaved, in the same order as they were output? The above function will only log the command output once the command has completed. This complicates diagnosis of issues when commands get stuck in an infinite loop or take a very long time for some other reason. How do I get the log in real-time, while the command is still executing? If the logs are large, it can get hard to interpret which command generated which output. Is there a way to prefix each line with something (e.g. the first word of the cmd string followed by :).

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  • Python Loop for mysql statement

    - by user552974
    Hi, I have a project that i need to compile number of cities in each state and make an insert statement for mysql database. I think the easiest way to do it is via python but since i m a complete noob i would like to reach out all the python gurus here. Here is what the input looks like. Example below is for Florida. cities = ['Boca Raton', 'Boynton Beach', 'Bradenton', 'Cape Coral', 'Deltona'] and this what the output should be. INSERT INTO `oc_locations` (`idLocation`, `name`, `idLocationParent`, `friendlyName`) VALUES (1, 'Florida', 0, 'Florida'), (2, 'Boca Raton', 1, 'Boca Raton'), (3, 'Boynton Beach', 1, 'Boynton Beach'), (4, 'Bradenton', 1, 'Bradenton'), (5, 'Cape Coral', 1, 'Cape Coral'), (6, 'Deltona', 1, 'Deltona'), If you look at carefully the "idLocationParent" for "Florida" value is "0" so which means it is a top level value. This will be done for 50 states so ability to plug the state name into the mysql statement would be icing on the cake if there is a easy way to do it. Also alphabetical order and auto increment for the idLocation would be great. Here is an example of what i m trying to achieve concatenation is the part i need to figure out. for city in cities: print (1, 'city', 0, 'city'), city

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  • python os.mkfifo() for Windows

    - by user302099
    Hello. Short version (if you can answer the short version it does the job for me, the rest is mainly for the benefit of other people with a similar task): In python in Windows, I want to create 2 file objects, attached to the same file (it doesn't have to be an actual file on the hard-drive), one for reading and one for writing, such that if the reading end tries to read it will never get EOF (it will just block until something is written). I think in linux os.mkfifo() would do the job, but in Windows it doesn't exist. What can be done? (I must use file-objects). Some extra details: I have a python module (not written by me) that plays a certain game through stdin and stdout (using raw_input() and print). I also have a Windows executable playing the same game, through stdin and stdout as well. I want to make them play one against the other, and log all their communication. Here's the code I can write (the get_fifo() function is not implemented, because that's what I don't know to do it Windows): class Pusher(Thread): def __init__(self, source, dest, p1, name): Thread.__init__(self) self.source = source self.dest = dest self.name = name self.p1 = p1 def run(self): while (self.p1.poll()==None) and\ (not self.source.closed) and (not self.source.closed): line = self.source.readline() logging.info('%s: %s' % (self.name, line[:-1])) self.dest.write(line) self.dest.flush() exe_to_pythonmodule_reader, exe_to_pythonmodule_writer =\ get_fifo() pythonmodule_to_exe_reader, pythonmodule_to_exe_writer =\ get_fifo() p1 = subprocess.Popen(exe, shell=False, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) old_stdin = sys.stdin old_stdout = sys.stdout sys.stdin = exe_to_pythonmodule_reader sys.stdout = pythonmodule_to_exe_writer push1 = Pusher(p1.stdout, exe_to_pythonmodule_writer, p1, '1') push2 = Pusher(pythonmodule_to_exe_reader, p1.stdin, p1, '2') push1.start() push2.start() ret = pythonmodule.play() sys.stdin = old_stdin sys.stdout = old_stdout

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  • Using the Queue class in Python 2.6

    - by voipme
    Let's assume I'm stuck using Python 2.6, and can't upgrade (even if that would help). I've written a program that uses the Queue class. My producer is a simple directory listing. My consumer threads pull a file from the queue, and do stuff with it. If the file has already been processed, I skip it. The processed list is generated before all of the threads are started, so it isn't empty. Here's some pseudo-code. import Queue, sys, threading processed = [] def consumer(): while True: file = dirlist.get(block=True) if file in processed: print "Ignoring %s" % file else: # do stuff here dirlist.task_done() dirlist = Queue.Queue() for f in os.listdir("/some/dir"): dirlist.put(f) max_threads = 8 for i in range(max_threads): thr = Thread(target=consumer) thr.start() dirlist.join() The strange behavior I'm getting is that if a thread encounters a file that's already been processed, the thread stalls out and waits until the entire program ends. I've done a little bit of testing, and the first 7 threads (assuming 8 is the max) stop, while the 8th thread keeps processing, one file at a time. But, by doing that, I'm losing the entire reason for threading the application. Am I doing something wrong, or is this the expected behavior of the Queue/threading classes in Python 2.6?

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  • Python base classes share attributes?

    - by tad
    Code in test.py: class Base(object): def __init__(self, l=[]): self.l = l def add(self, num): self.l.append(num) def remove(self, num): self.l.remove(num) class Derived(Base): def __init__(self, l=[]): super(Derived, self).__init__(l) Python shell session: Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 1 2010, 05:22:20) [GCC 4.4.3 20100316 (prerelease)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import test >>> a = test.Derived() >>> b = test.Derived() >>> a.l [] >>> b.l [] >>> a.add(1) >>> a.l [1] >>> b.l [1] >>> c = test.Derived() >>> c.l [1] I was expecting "C++-like" behavior, in which each derived object contains its own instance of the base class. Is this still the case? Why does each object appear to share the same list instance?

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  • Counting combinations in c or in python

    - by Dennis
    Hello I looked a bit on this topic here but I found nothing that could help me. I need a program in Python or in C that will give me all possible combinations of a and b that will meet the requirement n=2*a+b, for n from 0 to 10. a, b and n are integers. For example if n=0 both a and b must be 0. For n=1 a must be zero and b must be 1, for n=2 a can be 1 and b=0, or a=0 and b=2, etc. I'm not that good with programming. I made this: #include <stdio.h> int main(void){ int a,b,n; for(n = 0; n <= 10; n++){ for(a = 0; a <= 10; a++){ for(b = 0; b <= 10; b++) if(n == 2*a + b) printf("(%d, %d), ", (a,b)); } printf("\n"); } } But it keeps getting strange results like this: (0, -1079628000), (1, -1079628000), (2, -1079628000), (0, -1079628000), (3, -1079628000), (1, -1079628000), (4, -1079628000), (2, -1079628000), (0, -1079628000), (5, -1079628000), (3, -1079628000), (1, -1079628000), (6, -1079628000), (4, -1079628000), (2, -1079628000), (0, -1079628000), (7, -1079628000), (5, -1079628000), (3, -1079628000), (1, -1079628000), (8, -1079628000), (6, -1079628000), (4, -1079628000), (2, -1079628000), (0, -1079628000), (9, -1079628000), (7, -1079628000), (5, -1079628000), (3, -1079628000), (1, -1079628000), (10, -1079628000), (8, -1079628000), (6, -1079628000), (4, -1079628000), (2, -1079628000), (0, -1079628000), ideone Any idea what is wrong? Also if I could do this for Python it would be even cooler. :D

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  • Python refuses text.replace() in one environment

    - by gx
    Hi fellow programmers, I've been mocking about with the following bit of dirty support-code for a pylons app, which works fine in a python-shell, a separate python file, or when running in paster. Now, we've put the application on-line through mod_wsgi and apache and this specific piece of code stopped working completely. First off, the code itself: def fixStyle(self, text): t = text.replace('<p>', '<p style="%s">' % (STYLEDEF,)) t = t.replace('class="wide"', 'style="width: 125px; %s"' % (DEFSTYLE,)) t = t.replace('<td>', '<td style="%s">' % (STYLEDEF,)) t = t.replace('<a ', '<a style="%s" ' % (LINKSTYLE,)) return t It seems pretty straightforward, and to be honest, it is. So what happens when I put a piece of text in it, for example: <table><tr><td>Test!</td></tr></table> The output should be: <table><tr><td style="stuff-from-styledef">Test!</td></tr></table> and it is, on most systems. When we put it through the app on Apache/mod_wsgi though, the following happens: <table><tr><td>Test!</td></tr></table> You guessed it. I'm currently at a loss and have no idea where to go next. Googling doesn't really work out, so I'm hoping on you guys to help out and perhaps point out a fundamental issue with using whatever-is-causing-this. If anything is missing I'll edit it in.

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