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• multiple-inheritance substitution

  - by Luigi

  I want to write a module (framework specific), that would wrap and extend Facebook PHP-sdk (https://github.com/facebook/php-sdk/). My problem is - how to organize classes, in a nice way. So getting into details - Facebook PHP-sdk consists of two classes: BaseFacebook - abstract class with all the stuff sdk does Facebook - extends BaseFacebook, and implements parent abstract persistance-related methods with default session usage Now I have some functionality to add: Facebook class substitution, integrated with framework session class shorthand methods, that run api calls, I use mostly (through BaseFacebook::api()), authorization methods, so i don't have to rewrite this logic every time, configuration, sucked up from framework classes, insted of passed as params caching, integrated with framework cache module I know something has gone very wrong, because I have too much inheritance that doesn't look very normal.Wrapping everything in one "complex extension" class also seems too much. I think I should have few working togheter classes - but i get into problems like: if cache class doesn't really extend and override BaseFacebook::api() method - shorthand and authentication classes won't be able to use the caching. Maybe some kind of a pattern would be right in here? How would you organize these classes and their dependencies? EDIT 04.07.2012 Bits of code, related to the topic: This is how the base class of Facebook PHP-sdk: abstract class BaseFacebook { // ... some methods public function api(/* polymorphic */) { // ... method, that makes api calls } public function getUser() { // ... tries to get user id from session } // ... other methods abstract protected function setPersistentData($key, $value); abstract protected function getPersistentData($key, $default = false); // ... few more abstract methods } Normaly Facebook class extends it, and impelements those abstract methods. I replaced it with my substitude - Facebook_Session class: class Facebook_Session extends BaseFacebook { protected function setPersistentData($key, $value) { // ... method body } protected function getPersistentData($key, $default = false) { // ... method body } // ... implementation of other abstract functions from BaseFacebook } Ok, then I extend this more with shorthand methods and configuration variables: class Facebook_Custom extends Facebook_Session { public funtion __construct() { // ... call parent's constructor with parameters from framework config } public function api_batch() { // ... a wrapper for parent's api() method return $this->api('/?batch=' . json_encode($calls), 'POST'); } public function redirect_to_auth_dialog() { // method body } // ... more methods like this, for common queries / authorization } I'm not sure, if this isn't too much for a single class ( authorization / shorthand methods / configuration). Then there comes another extending layer - cache: class Facebook_Cache extends Facebook_Custom { public function api() { $cache_file_identifier = $this->getUser(); if(/* cache_file_identifier is not null and found a valid file with cached query result */) { // return the result } else { try { // call Facebook_Custom::api, cache and return the result } catch(FacebookApiException $e) { // if Access Token is expired force refreshing it parent::redirect_to_auth_dialog(); } } } // .. some other stuff related to caching } Now this pretty much works. New instance of Facebook_Cache gives me all the functionality. Shorthand methods from Facebook_Custom use caching, because Facebook_Cache overwrited api() method. But here is what is bothering me: I think it's too much inheritance. It's all very tight coupled - like look how i had to specify 'Facebook_Custom::api' instead of 'parent:api', to avoid api() method loop on Facebook_Cache class extending. Overall mess and ugliness. So again, this works but I'm just asking about patterns / ways of doing this in a cleaner and smarter way.

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• Faster, Simpler access to Azure Tables with Enzo Azure API

  - by Herve Roggero

  After developing the latest version of Enzo Cloud Backup I took the time to create an API that would simplify access to Azure Tables (the Enzo Azure API). At first, my goal was to make the code simpler compared to the Microsoft Azure SDK. But as it turns out it is also a little faster; and when using the specialized methods (the fetch strategies) it is much faster out of the box than the Microsoft SDK, unless you start creating complex parallel and resilient routines yourself. Last but not least, I decided to add a few extension methods that I think you will find attractive, such as the ability to transform a list of entities into a DataTable. So let’s review each area in more details. Simpler Code My first objective was to make the API much easier to use than the Azure SDK. I wanted to reduce the amount of code necessary to fetch entities, remove the code needed to add automatic retries and handle transient conditions, and give additional control, such as a way to cancel operations, obtain basic statistics on the calls, and control the maximum number of REST calls the API generates in an attempt to avoid throttling conditions in the first place (something you cannot do with the Azure SDK at this time). Strongly Typed Before diving into the code, the following examples rely on a strongly typed class called MyData. The way MyData is defined for the Azure SDK is similar to the Enzo Azure API, with the exception that they inherit from different classes. With the Azure SDK, classes that represent entities must inherit from TableServiceEntity, while classes with the Enzo Azure API must inherit from BaseAzureTable or implement a specific interface. // With the SDK public class MyData1 : TableServiceEntity {     public string Message { get; set; }     public string Level { get; set; }     public string Severity { get; set; } } //  With the Enzo Azure API public class MyData2 : BaseAzureTable {     public string Message { get; set; }     public string Level { get; set; }     public string Severity { get; set; } } Simpler Code Now that the classes representing an Azure Table entity are defined, let’s review the methods that the Azure SDK would look like when fetching all the entities from an Azure Table (note the use of a few variables: the _tableName variable stores the name of the Azure Table, and the ConnectionString property returns the connection string for the Storage Account containing the table): // With the Azure SDK public List<MyData1> FetchAllEntities() {      CloudStorageAccount storageAccount = CloudStorageAccount.Parse(ConnectionString);      CloudTableClient tableClient = storageAccount.CreateCloudTableClient();      TableServiceContext serviceContext = tableClient.GetDataServiceContext();      CloudTableQuery<MyData1> partitionQuery =         (from e in serviceContext.CreateQuery<MyData1>(_tableName)         select new MyData1()         {            PartitionKey = e.PartitionKey,            RowKey = e.RowKey,            Timestamp = e.Timestamp,            Message = e.Message,            Level = e.Level,            Severity = e.Severity            }).AsTableServiceQuery<MyData1>();        return partitionQuery.ToList();  } This code gives you automatic retries because the AsTableServiceQuery does that for you. Also, note that this method is strongly-typed because it is using LINQ. Although this doesn’t look like too much code at first glance, you are actually mapping the strongly-typed object manually. So for larger entities, with dozens of properties, your code will grow. And from a maintenance standpoint, when a new property is added, you may need to change the mapping code. You will also note that the mapping being performed is optional; it is desired when you want to retrieve specific properties of the entities (not all) to reduce the network traffic. If you do not specify the properties you want, all the properties will be returned; in this example we are returning the Message, Level and Severity properties (in addition to the required PartitionKey, RowKey and Timestamp). The Enzo Azure API does the mapping automatically and also handles automatic reties when fetching entities. The equivalent code to fetch all the entities (with the same three properties) from the same Azure Table looks like this: // With the Enzo Azure API public List<MyData2> FetchAllEntities() {        AzureTable at = new AzureTable(_accountName, _accountKey, _ssl, _tableName);        List<MyData2> res = at.Fetch<MyData2>("", "Message,Level,Severity");        return res; } As you can see, the Enzo Azure API returns the entities already strongly typed, so there is no need to map the output. Also, the Enzo Azure API makes it easy to specify the list of properties to return, and to specify a filter as well (no filter was provided in this example; the filter is passed as the first parameter).  Fetch Strategies Both approaches discussed above fetch the data sequentially. In addition to the linear/sequential fetch methods, the Enzo Azure API provides specific fetch strategies. Fetch strategies are designed to prepare a set of REST calls, executed in parallel, in a way that performs faster that if you were to fetch the data sequentially. For example, if the PartitionKey is a GUID string, you could prepare multiple calls, providing appropriate filters ([‘a’, ‘b’[, [‘b’, ‘c’[, [‘c’, ‘d[, …), and send those calls in parallel. As you can imagine, the code necessary to create these requests would be fairly large. With the Enzo Azure API, two strategies are provided out of the box: the GUID and List strategies. If you are interested in how these strategies work, see the Enzo Azure API Online Help. Here is an example code that performs parallel requests using the GUID strategy (which executes more than 2 t o3 times faster than the sequential methods discussed previously): public List<MyData2> FetchAllEntitiesGUID() {     AzureTable at = new AzureTable(_accountName, _accountKey, _ssl, _tableName);     List<MyData2> res = at.FetchWithGuid<MyData2>("", "Message,Level,Severity");     return res; } Faster Results With Sequential Fetch Methods Developing a faster API wasn’t a primary objective; but it appears that the performance tests performed with the Enzo Azure API deliver the data a little faster out of the box (5%-10% on average, and sometimes to up 50% faster) with the sequential fetch methods. Although the amount of data is the same regardless of the approach (and the REST calls are almost exactly identical), the object mapping approach is different. So it is likely that the slight performance increase is due to a lighter API. Using LINQ offers many advantages and tremendous flexibility; nevertheless when fetching data it seems that the Enzo Azure API delivers faster.  For example, the same code previously discussed delivered the following results when fetching 3,000 entities (about 1KB each). The average elapsed time shows that the Azure SDK returned the 3000 entities in about 5.9 seconds on average, while the Enzo Azure API took 4.2 seconds on average (39% improvement). With Fetch Strategies When using the fetch strategies we are no longer comparing apples to apples; the Azure SDK is not designed to implement fetch strategies out of the box, so you would need to code the strategies yourself. Nevertheless I wanted to provide out of the box capabilities, and as a result you see a test that returned about 10,000 entities (1KB each entity), and an average execution time over 5 runs. The Azure SDK implemented a sequential fetch while the Enzo Azure API implemented the List fetch strategy. The fetch strategy was 2.3 times faster. Note that the following test hit a limit on my network bandwidth quickly (3.56Mbps), so the results of the fetch strategy is significantly below what it could be with a higher bandwidth. Additional Methods The API wouldn’t be complete without support for a few important methods other than the fetch methods discussed previously. The Enzo Azure API offers these additional capabilities: - Support for batch updates, deletes and inserts - Conversion of entities to DataRow, and List<> to a DataTable - Extension methods for Delete, Merge, Update, Insert - Support for asynchronous calls and cancellation - Support for fetch statistics (total bytes, total REST calls, retries…) For more information, visit http://www.bluesyntax.net or go directly to the Enzo Azure API page (http://www.bluesyntax.net/EnzoAzureAPI.aspx). About Herve Roggero Herve Roggero, Windows Azure MVP, is the founder of Blue Syntax Consulting, a company specialized in cloud computing products and services. Herve's experience includes software development, architecture, database administration and senior management with both global corporations and startup companies. Herve holds multiple certifications, including an MCDBA, MCSE, MCSD. He also holds a Master's degree in Business Administration from Indiana University. Herve is the co-author of "PRO SQL Azure" from Apress and runs the Azure Florida Association (on LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=4177626). For more information on Blue Syntax Consulting, visit www.bluesyntax.net.

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• ASPNET WebAPI REST Guidance

  - by JoshReuben

  ASP.NET Web API is an ideal platform for building RESTful applications on the .NET Framework. While I may be more partial to NodeJS these days, there is no denying that WebAPI is a well engineered framework. What follows is my investigation of how to leverage WebAPI to construct a RESTful frontend API.   The Advantages of REST Methodology over SOAP Simpler API for CRUD ops Standardize Development methodology - consistent and intuitive Standards based à client interop Wide industry adoption, Ease of use à easy to add new devs Avoid service method signature blowout Smaller payloads than SOAP Stateless à no session data means multi-tenant scalability Cache-ability Testability   General RESTful API Design Overview · utilize HTTP Protocol - Usage of HTTP methods for CRUD, standard HTTP response codes, common HTTP headers and Mime Types · Resources are mapped to URLs, actions are mapped to verbs and the rest goes in the headers. · keep the API semantic, resource-centric – A RESTful, resource-oriented service exposes a URI for every piece of data the client might want to operate on. A REST-RPC Hybrid exposes a URI for every operation the client might perform: one URI to fetch a piece of data, a different URI to delete that same data. utilize Uri to specify CRUD op, version, language, output format: http://api.MyApp.com/{ver}/{lang}/{resource_type}/{resource_id}.{output_format}?{key&filters} · entity CRUD operations are matched to HTTP methods: · Create - POST / PUT · Read – GET - cacheable · Update – PUT · Delete - DELETE · Use Uris to represent a hierarchies - Resources in RESTful URLs are often chained · Statelessness allows for idempotency – apply an op multiple times without changing the result. POST is non-idempotent, the rest are idempotent (if DELETE flags records instead of deleting them). · Cache indication - Leverage HTTP headers to label cacheable content and indicate the permitted duration of cache · PUT vs POST - The client uses PUT when it determines which URI (Id key) the new resource should have. The client uses POST when the server determines they key. PUT takes a second param – the id. POST creates a new resource. The server assigns the URI for the new object and returns this URI as part of the response message. Note: The PUT method replaces the entire entity. That is, the client is expected to send a complete representation of the updated product. If you want to support partial updates, the PATCH method is preferred DELETE deletes a resource at a specified URI – typically takes an id param · Leverage Common HTTP Response Codes in response headers 200 OK: Success 201 Created - Used on POST request when creating a new resource. 304 Not Modified: no new data to return. 400 Bad Request: Invalid Request. 401 Unauthorized: Authentication. 403 Forbidden: Authorization 404 Not Found – entity does not exist. 406 Not Acceptable – bad params. 409 Conflict - For POST / PUT requests if the resource already exists. 500 Internal Server Error 503 Service Unavailable · Leverage uncommon HTTP Verbs to reduce payload sizes HEAD - retrieves just the resource meta-information. OPTIONS returns the actions supported for the specified resource. PATCH - partial modification of a resource. · When using PUT, POST or PATCH, send the data as a document in the body of the request. Don't use query parameters to alter state. · Utilize Headers for content negotiation, caching, authorization, throttling o Content Negotiation – choose representation (e.g. JSON or XML and version), language & compression. Signal via RequestHeader.Accept & ResponseHeader.Content-Type Accept: application/json;version=1.0 Accept-Language: en-US Accept-Charset: UTF-8 Accept-Encoding: gzip o Caching - ResponseHeader: Expires (absolute expiry time) or Cache-Control (relative expiry time) o Authorization - basic HTTP authentication uses the RequestHeader.Authorization to specify a base64 encoded string "username:password". can be used in combination with SSL/TLS (HTTPS) and leverage OAuth2 3rd party token-claims authorization. Authorization: Basic sQJlaTp5ZWFslylnaNZ= o Rate Limiting - Not currently part of HTTP so specify non-standard headers prefixed with X- in the ResponseHeader. X-RateLimit-Limit: 10000 X-RateLimit-Remaining: 9990 · HATEOAS Methodology - Hypermedia As The Engine Of Application State – leverage API as a state machine where resources are states and the transitions between states are links between resources and are included in their representation (hypermedia) – get API metadata signatures from the response Link header - in a truly REST based architecture any URL, except the initial URL, can be changed, even to other servers, without worrying about the client. · error responses - Do not just send back a 200 OK with every response. Response should consist of HTTP error status code (JQuery has automated support for this), A human readable message , A Link to a meaningful state transition , & the original data payload that was problematic. · the URIs will typically map to a server-side controller and a method name specified by the type of request method. Stuff all your calls into just four methods is not as crazy as it sounds. · Scoping - Path variables look like you’re traversing a hierarchy, and query variables look like you’re passing arguments into an algorithm · Mapping URIs to Controllers - have one controller for each resource is not a rule – can consolidate - route requests to the appropriate controller and action method · Keep URls Consistent - Sometimes it’s tempting to just shorten our URIs. not recommend this as this can cause confusion · Join Naming – for m-m entity relations there may be multiple hierarchy traversal paths · Routing – useful level of indirection for versioning, server backend mocking in development ASPNET WebAPI Considerations ASPNET WebAPI implements a lot (but not all) RESTful API design considerations as part of its infrastructure and via its coding convention. Overview When developing an API there are basically three main steps: 1. Plan out your URIs 2. Setup return values and response codes for your URIs 3. Implement a framework for your API.   Design · Leverage Models MVC folder · Repositories – support IoC for tests, abstraction · Create DTO classes – a level of indirection decouples & allows swap out · Self links can be generated using the UrlHelper · Use IQueryable to support projections across the wire · Models can support restful navigation properties – ICollection<T> · async mechanism for long running ops - return a response with a ticket – the client can then poll or be pushed the final result later. · Design for testability - Test using HttpClient , JQuery ( $.getJSON , $.each) , fiddler, browser debug. Leverage IDependencyResolver – IoC wrapper for mocking · Easy debugging - IE F12 developer tools: Network tab, Request Headers tab     Routing · HTTP request method is matched to the method name. (This rule applies only to GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE requests.) · {id}, if present, is matched to a method parameter named id. · Query parameters are matched to parameter names when possible · Done in config via Routes.MapHttpRoute – similar to MVC routing · Can alternatively: o decorate controller action methods with HttpDelete, HttpGet, HttpHead,HttpOptions, HttpPatch, HttpPost, or HttpPut., + the ActionAttribute o use AcceptVerbsAttribute to support other HTTP verbs: e.g. PATCH, HEAD o use NonActionAttribute to prevent a method from getting invoked as an action · route table Uris can support placeholders (via curly braces{}) – these can support default values and constraints, and optional values · The framework selects the first route in the route table that matches the URI. Response customization · Response code: By default, the Web API framework sets the response status code to 200 (OK). But according to the HTTP/1.1 protocol, when a POST request results in the creation of a resource, the server should reply with status 201 (Created). Non Get methods should return HttpResponseMessage · Location: When the server creates a resource, it should include the URI of the new resource in the Location header of the response. public HttpResponseMessage PostProduct(Product item) {     item = repository.Add(item);     var response = Request.CreateResponse<Product>(HttpStatusCode.Created, item);     string uri = Url.Link("DefaultApi", new { id = item.Id });     response.Headers.Location = new Uri(uri);     return response; } Validation · Decorate Models / DTOs with System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations properties RequiredAttribute, RangeAttribute. · Check payloads using ModelState.IsValid · Under posting – leave out values in JSON payload à JSON formatter assigns a default value. Use with RequiredAttribute · Over-posting - if model has RO properties à use DTO instead of model · Can hook into pipeline by deriving from ActionFilterAttribute & overriding OnActionExecuting Config · Done in App_Start folder > WebApiConfig.cs – static Register method: HttpConfiguration param: The HttpConfiguration object contains the following members. Member Description DependencyResolver Enables dependency injection for controllers. Filters Action filters – e.g. exception filters. Formatters Media-type formatters. by default contains JsonFormatter, XmlFormatter IncludeErrorDetailPolicy Specifies whether the server should include error details, such as exception messages and stack traces, in HTTP response messages. Initializer A function that performs final initialization of the HttpConfiguration. MessageHandlers HTTP message handlers - plug into pipeline ParameterBindingRules A collection of rules for binding parameters on controller actions. Properties A generic property bag. Routes The collection of routes. Services The collection of services. · Configure JsonFormatter for circular references to support links: PreserveReferencesHandling.Objects Documentation generation · create a help page for a web API, by using the ApiExplorer class. · The ApiExplorer class provides descriptive information about the APIs exposed by a web API as an ApiDescription collection · create the help page as an MVC view public ILookup<string, ApiDescription> GetApis()         {             return _explorer.ApiDescriptions.ToLookup(                 api => api.ActionDescriptor.ControllerDescriptor.ControllerName); · provide documentation for your APIs by implementing the IDocumentationProvider interface. Documentation strings can come from any source that you like – e.g. extract XML comments or define custom attributes to apply to the controller [ApiDoc("Gets a product by ID.")] [ApiParameterDoc("id", "The ID of the product.")] public HttpResponseMessage Get(int id) · GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services – add the documentation Provider · To hide an API from the ApiExplorer, add the ApiExplorerSettingsAttribute Plugging into the Message Handler pipeline · Plug into request / response pipeline – derive from DelegatingHandler and override theSendAsync method – e.g. for logging error codes, adding a custom response header · Can be applied globally or to a specific route Exception Handling · Throw HttpResponseException on method failures – specify HttpStatusCode enum value – examine this enum, as its values map well to typical op problems · Exception filters – derive from ExceptionFilterAttribute & override OnException. Apply on Controller or action methods, or add to global HttpConfiguration.Filters collection · HttpError object provides a consistent way to return error information in the HttpResponseException response body. · For model validation, you can pass the model state to CreateErrorResponse, to include the validation errors in the response public HttpResponseMessage PostProduct(Product item) {     if (!ModelState.IsValid)     {         return Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, ModelState); Cookie Management · Cookie header in request and Set-Cookie headers in a response - Collection of CookieState objects · Specify Expiry, max-age resp.Headers.AddCookies(new CookieHeaderValue[] { cookie }); Internet Media Types, formatters and serialization · Defaults to application/json · Request Accept header and response Content-Type header · determines how Web API serializes and deserializes the HTTP message body. There is built-in support for XML, JSON, and form-urlencoded data · customizable formatters can be inserted into the pipeline · POCO serialization is opt out via JsonIgnoreAttribute, or use DataMemberAttribute for optin · JSON serializer leverages NewtonSoft Json.NET · loosely structured JSON objects are serialzed as JObject which derives from Dynamic · to handle circular references in json: json.SerializerSettings.PreserveReferencesHandling =    PreserveReferencesHandling.All à {"$ref":"1"}. · To preserve object references in XML [DataContract(IsReference=true)] · Content negotiation Accept: Which media types are acceptable for the response, such as “application/json,” “application/xml,” or a custom media type such as "application/vnd.example+xml" Accept-Charset: Which character sets are acceptable, such as UTF-8 or ISO 8859-1. Accept-Encoding: Which content encodings are acceptable, such as gzip. Accept-Language: The preferred natural language, such as “en-us”. o Web API uses the Accept and Accept-Charset headers. (At this time, there is no built-in support for Accept-Encoding or Accept-Language.) · Controller methods can take JSON representations of DTOs as params – auto-deserialization · Typical JQuery GET request: function find() {     var id = $('#prodId').val();     $.getJSON("api/products/" + id,         function (data) {             var str = data.Name + ': $' + data.Price;             $('#product').text(str);         })     .fail(         function (jqXHR, textStatus, err) {             $('#product').text('Error: ' + err);         }); }            · Typical GET response: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: ASP.NET Development Server/10.0.0.0 Date: Mon, 18 Jun 2012 04:30:33 GMT X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319 Cache-Control: no-cache Pragma: no-cache Expires: -1 Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 175 Connection: Close [{"Id":1,"Name":"TomatoSoup","Price":1.39,"ActualCost":0.99},{"Id":2,"Name":"Hammer", "Price":16.99,"ActualCost":10.00},{"Id":3,"Name":"Yo yo","Price":6.99,"ActualCost": 2.05}] True OData support · Leverage Query Options $filter, $orderby, $top and $skip to shape the results of controller actions annotated with the [Queryable]attribute. [Queryable]  public IQueryable<Supplier> GetSuppliers()  · Query: ~/Suppliers?$filter=Name eq ‘Microsoft’ · Applies the following selection filter on the server: GetSuppliers().Where(s => s.Name == “Microsoft”)  · Will pass the result to the formatter. · true support for the OData format is still limited - no support for creates, updates, deletes, $metadata and code generation etc · vnext: ability to configure how EditLinks, SelfLinks and Ids are generated Self Hosting no dependency on ASPNET or IIS: using (var server = new HttpSelfHostServer(config)) {     server.OpenAsync().Wait(); Tracing · tracability tools, metrics – e.g. send to nagios · use your choice of tracing/logging library, whether that is ETW,NLog, log4net, or simply System.Diagnostics.Trace. · To collect traces, implement the ITraceWriter interface public class SimpleTracer : ITraceWriter {     public void Trace(HttpRequestMessage request, string category, TraceLevel level,         Action<TraceRecord> traceAction)     {         TraceRecord rec = new TraceRecord(request, category, level);         traceAction(rec);         WriteTrace(rec); · register the service with config · programmatically trace – has helper extension methods: Configuration.Services.GetTraceWriter().Info( · Performance tracing - pipeline writes traces at the beginning and end of an operation - TraceRecord class includes aTimeStamp property, Kind property set to TraceKind.Begin / End Security · Roles class methods: RoleExists, AddUserToRole · WebSecurity class methods: UserExists, .CreateUserAndAccount · Request.IsAuthenticated · Leverage HTTP 401 (Unauthorized) response · [AuthorizeAttribute(Roles="Administrator")] – can be applied to Controller or its action methods · See section in WebApi document on "Claim-based-security for ASP.NET Web APIs using DotNetOpenAuth" – adapt this to STS.--> Web API Host exposes secured Web APIs which can only be accessed by presenting a valid token issued by the trusted issuer. http://zamd.net/2012/05/04/claim-based-security-for-asp-net-web-apis-using-dotnetopenauth/ · Use MVC membership provider infrastructure and add a DelegatingHandler child class to the WebAPI pipeline - http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11535075/asp-net-mvc-4-web-api-authentication-with-membership-provider - this will perform the login actions · Then use AuthorizeAttribute on controllers and methods for role mapping- http://sixgun.wordpress.com/2012/02/29/asp-net-web-api-basic-authentication/ · Alternate option here is to rely on MVC App : http://forums.asp.net/t/1831767.aspx/1

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• How to create nested directories in PhoneGap

  - by Stallman

  I have tried on this, but this didn't satisfy my request at all. I write a new one: var file_system; var fs_root; window.requestFileSystem(LocalFileSystem.PERSISTENT, 1024*1024, onInitFs, request_FS_fail); function onInitFs(fs) { file_system= fs; fs_root= file_system.root; alert("ini fs"); create_Directory(); alert("ini fs done."); } var string_array; var main_dir= "story_repository/"+ User_Editime; string_array= new Array("story_repository/",main_dir, main_dir+"/rec", main_dir+"/img","story_repository/"+ User_Name ); function create_Directory(){ var start= 0; var path=""; while(start < string_array.length) { path = string_array[start]; alert(start+" th created directory " +" is "+ path); fs_root.getDirectory ( path , {create: true, exclusive: false}, function(entry) { alert(path +"is created."); }, create_dir_err() ); start++; }//while loop }//create_Directory function create_dir_err() { alert("Recursively create directories error."); } function request_FS_fail() { alert("Failed to request File System "); } Although the directories are created, the it sends me ErrorCallback:"alert("Recursively create directories error.");" Firstly, I don't think this code will work since I have tried on this: This one failed: window.requestFileSystem( LocalFileSystem.PERSISTENT, 0, //request file system success callback. function(fileSys) { fileSys.root.getDirectory( "story_repository/"+ dir_name, {create: true, exclusive: false}, //Create directory story_repository/Stallman_time. function(directory) { alert("Create directory: "+ "story_repository/"+ dir_name); //create dir_name/img/ fileSys.root.getDirectory { "story_repository/"+ dir_name + "/img/", {create: true, exclusive: false}, function(directory) { alert("Create a directory: "+ "story_repository/"+ dir_name + "/img/"); //check. //create dir_name/rec/ fileSys.root.getDirectory { "story_repository/"+ dir_name + "/rec/", {create: true, exclusive: false}, function(directory) { alert("Create a directory: "+ "story_repository/"+ dir_name + "/rec/"); //check. //Go ahead. }, createError } //create dir_name/rec/ }, createError } //create dir_name/img }, createError); }, //Create directory story_repository/Stallman_time. createError()); } I just repeatedly call fs.root.getDirectory only but it failed. But the first one is almost the same... 1. What is the problem at all? Why does the first one always gives me the ErrorCallback? 2. Why can't the second one work? 3. Does anyone has a better solution?(no ErrorcallBack msg) ps: I work on Android and PhoneGap 1.7.0.

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• Should I suppress CA1062: Validate arguments of public methods?

  - by brickner

  I've recently upgraded my project to Visual Studio 2010 from Visual Studio 2008. In Visual Studio 2008, this Code Analysis rule doesn't exist. Now I'm not sure if I should use this rule or not. I'm building an open source library so it seems important to keep people safe from doing mistakes. However, if all I'm going to do is throw ArgumentNullException when the parameter is null, it seems like writing useless code since ArgumentNullException will be thrown even if I won't write that code. Should I remove that rule or fix the violations?

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• Angle between two 2d vectors, diff between two methods?

  - by Sean Ochoa

  Hey all. I've got this code snippet, and I'm wondering why the results of the first method differ from the results of the second method, given the same input? public double AngleBetween_1(vector a, vector b) { var dotProd = a.Dot(b); var lenProd = a.Len*b.Len; var divOperation = dotProd/lenProd; return Math.Acos(divOperation) * (180.0 / Math.PI); } public double AngleBetween_2(vector a, vector b) { var dotProd = a.Dot(b); var lenProd = a.Len*b.Len; var divOperation = dotProd/lenProd; return (1/Math.Cos(divOperation)) * (180.0 / Math.PI); }

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• Inheritence in C# question - is overriding internal methods possible?

  - by Jeff Dahmer

  Is it possible to override an internal method's behavior? using System; class TestClass { public string Name { get { return this.ProtectedMethod(); } } protected string ProtectedMethod() { return InternalMethod(); } string InternalMethod() { return "TestClass::InternalMethod()"; } } class OverrideClassProgram : TestClass { // try to override the internal method using new? (compiler warning) new string InternalMethod() { return "OverrideClassProgram::InternalMethod()"; } static int Main(string[] args) { // TestClass::InternalMethod() Console.WriteLine(new TestClass().Name); // TestClass::InternalMethod() ?? are we just screwed? Console.WriteLine(new OverrideClassProgram().Name); return (int)Console.ReadKey().Key; } }

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• How to use mock and verify methods of OCMock in objective-C ? Is there any good tutorial on OCMock i

  - by san

  My problem is I am getting an error: OCMckObject[NSNumberFormatter]: expected method was not invoked:setAllowsFloats:YES I have written following Code: (void) testReturnStringFromNumber { id mockFormatter = [OCMockObject mockForClass:[NSNumberFormatter class]]; StringNumber *testObject = [[StringNumber alloc] init]; [[mockFormatter expect] setAllowsFloats:YES]; [testObject returnStringFromNumber:80.23456]; [mockFormatter verify]; } @implementation StringNumber - (NSString *) returnStringFromNumber:(float)num { NSNumberFormatter *formatter = [[NSNumberFormatter alloc] init]; [formatter setAllowsFloats:YES]; NSString *str= [formatter stringFromNumber:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:num]]; [formatter release]; return str; } @end

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• Java. Outside classes accessing protected methods.

  - by Jake

  Suppose I have a class in my package org.jake and it has a method with default access (no modifier). Then the method is visible inside the package only. However, when someone receives the jar of my framework, what is to stop them from writing a new class, declaring its package as org.jake, and using my supposedly invisible method? In other words, is there anything I can do to prevent them from doing that?

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• Is there a jquery List plugin that will auto-sort items and has robust add/remove methods?

  - by Breadtruck

  I have been googling for hours looking for something to handle my situation. I am not skilled enough to write my own jquery plugin ..YET!! The plugin should auto-sort the list, not as important as being able to add/remove items from the list easily. Themeroller capable would be a plus. I would basically use anything as long as I could add a item to the list (or any other container for that matter), item is coming from a modal popup that is using ajax to search for the item. Once the item is found I want to click that item and have it added to the list and it would put it into the correct order based on alphabetic sort. I think where I am losing sight is the complexity of the item and needing to have the item contain: The name of the item a hidden value, [the int id of the item], one or two checkboxes for turning on/off a feature for that item. I am really open to any ideas, suggestions on a better process, or a pointer to a plugin that might get me close.

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• What are some methods to debug Javascript inside of a UIWebView?

  - by bpapa

  I'm trying to figure out why something with Javascript isn't working inside of a UIWebView. To my knowledge, there is no way to set a breakpoint inside of XCode for a js file. No problemo, I'll just go back to 2004 and use alert statemen-- oh wait they don't seem to work inside of a UIWebView either! The only thing I could think of is by exporting my HTML And JS files to my desktop and then just doing my debugging inside of Safari. And that works! But of course, the bug I'm fighting with in the UIWebView doesn't occur in Safari. Are there any other ways for debugging inside of a UIWebView, or any tricks that I can use akin to using the old-school alert method?

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• Should all public methods of an API be documented?

  - by cynicalman

  When writing "library" type classes, is it better practice to always write markup documentation (i.e. javadoc) in java or assume that the code can be "self-documenting"? For example, given the following method stub: /** * Copies all readable bytes from the provided input stream to the provided output * stream. The output stream will be flushed, but neither stream will be closed. * * @param inStream an InputStream from which to read bytes. * @param outStream an OutputStream to which to copy the read bytes. * @throws IOException if there are any errors reading or writing. */ public void copyStream(InputStream inStream, OutputStream outStream) throws IOException { // copy the stream } The javadoc seems to be self-evident, and noise that just needs to be updated if the funcion is changed at all. But the sentence about flushing and not closing the stream could be valuable. So, when writing a library, is it best to: a) always document b) document anything that isn't obvious c) never document (code should speak for itself!) I usually use b), myself (since the code can be self-documenting otherwise)...

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• How can i do this using a Python Regex?

  - by uberjumper

  I am trying to properly extract methods definitions that are generated by comtypes for Com Interfaces using a regex. Furthermore some of them are blank which causes even more problems for me. Basically i have this: IXMLSerializerAlt._methods_ = [ COMMETHOD([helpstring(u'Loads an object from an XML string.')], HRESULT, 'LoadFromString', ( ['in'], BSTR, 'XML' ), ( ['in'], BSTR, 'TypeName' ), ( ['in'], BSTR, 'TypeNamespaceURI' ), ( ['retval', 'out'], POINTER(POINTER(IUnknown)), 'obj' )), ] class EnvironmentManager(CoClass): u'Singleton object that manages different environments (collections of configuration information).' _reg_clsid_ = GUID('{8A626D49-5F5E-47D9-9463-0B802E9C4167}') _idlflags_ = [] _typelib_path_ = typelib_path _reg_typelib_ = ('{5E1F7BC3-67C5-4AEE-8EC6-C4B73AAC42ED}', 1, 0) INumberFormat._methods_ = [ ] I want to extract both the IXMLSerializerAlt and INumberFormat methods definitions however i cant figure out a proper regex. E.g. for IXMLSerializer i want to extract this: IXMLSerializerAlt._methods_ = [ COMMETHOD([helpstring(u'Loads an object from an XML string.')], HRESULT, 'LoadFromString', ( ['in'], BSTR, 'XML' ), ( ['in'], BSTR, 'TypeName' ), ( ['in'], BSTR, 'TypeNamespaceURI' ), ( ['retval', 'out'], POINTER(POINTER(IUnknown)), 'obj' )), ] This regex in my mind this should work: ^\w+\._methods_\s=\s\[$ (^.+$)* ^]$ Im checking my regex's using kodos however i cannot figure out a way to make this work.

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• How do I create interface methods using .tlb types in VS C++?

  - by Steven

  Background: The .TLB file contains interfaces written in language 'X'. I don't have .h, .idl, .tlh, or any other header files - just the .TLB file. Language 'X' does not export compatible .h, .idl, etc. I use the VS wizard to add an ATL simple object to my ATL project. I want to add a method to the interface of my simple ATL object that uses one of the .TLB defined types for a parameter. // Something like the following in the .idl file: interface ISomeInterface : IUnknown { HRESULT SomeMethod([in] ITypeFromTLB* aVal); // ITypeFromTLB declared in .TLB file. }; How can I do this? I'm hoping for a wizard, or a line in the .idl interface declaration that would bring in the .tlb information. midl's include (no .tlb), import (no tlb), and importlib (library only) don't seem to provide a solution (I need proxy/stub to be working, so I cannot put this inside the library declaration with the importlib command). Thanks.

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• Any way to identify a redirect when using jQuery's $.ajax() or $.getScript() methods?

  - by Bungle

  Within my company's online application, we've set up a JSONP-based API that returns some data that is used by a bookmarklet I'm developing. Here is a quick test page I set up that hits the API URL using jQuery's $.ajax() method: http://troy.onespot.com/static/3915/index.html If you look at the requests using Firebug's "Net" tab (or the like), you'll see that what's happening is that the URL is requested successfully, but since our app redirects any unauthorized users to a login page, the login page is also requested by the browser and seemingly interpreted as JavaScript. This inevitably causes an exception since the login page is HTML, not JavaScript. Basically, I'm looking for any sort of hook to determine when the request results in a redirect - some way to determine if the URL resolved to a JSONP response (which will execute a method I've predefined in the bookmarklet script) or if it resulted in a redirect. I tried wrapping the $.ajax() method in a try {} catch(e) {} block, but that doesn't trap the exception, I'm assuming because the requests were successful, just not the parsing of the login page as JavaScript. Is there anywhere I could use a try {} catch(e) {} block, or any property of $.ajax() that might allow me to hone in on the exception or otherwise determine that I've been redirected? I actually doubt this is possible, since $.getScript() (or the equivalent setup of $.ajax()) just loads a script dynamically, and can't inspect the response headers since it's cross-domain and not truly AJAX: http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.getScript/ My alternative would be to just fire off the $.ajax() for a period of time until I either get the JSONP callback or don't, and in the latter case, assume the user is not logged in and prompt them to do so. I don't like that method, though, since it would result in a lot of unnecessary requests to the app server, and would also pile up the JavaScript exceptions in the meantime. Thanks for any suggestions!

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• Why can I access private/protected methods using Object#send in Ruby?

  - by smotchkkiss

  The class class A private def foo puts :foo end public def bar puts :bar end private def zim puts :zim end protected def dib puts :dib end end instance of A a = A.new test a.foo rescue puts :fail a.bar rescue puts :fail a.zim rescue puts :fail a.dib rescue puts :fail a.gaz rescue puts :fail test output fail bar fail fail fail .send test [:foo, :bar, :zim, :dib, :gaz].each { |m| a.send(m) rescue puts :fail } .send output foo bar zim dib fail The question The section labeled "Test Output" is the expected result. So why can I access private/protected method by simply Object#send? Perhaps more important: What is the difference between public/private/protected in Ruby? When to use each? Can someone provide real world examples for private and protected usage?

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• 3 methods for adding a "Product" through Entity Framework. What's the difference?

  - by Kohan

  Reading this MSDN article titled "Working with ObjectSet (Entity Framework)" It shows two examples on how to add a Product.. one for 3.5 and another for 4.0. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee473442.aspx Through my lack of knowledge I am possibly completely missing something here, but i never added a Product like this: //In .NET Framework 3.5 SP1, use the following code: (ObjectQuery) using (AdventureWorksEntities context = new AdventureWorksEntities()) { // Add the new object to the context. context.AddObject("Products", newProduct); } //New in .NET Framework 4, use the following code: (ObjectSet) using (AdventureWorksEntities context = new AdventureWorksEntities()) { // Add the new object to the context. context.Products.AddObject(newProduct); } I would not have done it either way and just used: // (My familiar way) using (AdventureWorksEntities context = new AdventureWorksEntities()) { // Add the new object to the context. context.AddToProducts(newProduct); } What's the difference between these three ways? Is "My way" just another way of using an ObjectQuery? Thanks, Kohan

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• Why can't I call methods within a class that explicitly implements an interface?

  - by tyrone302

  Here's the story. I created and interface, IVehicle. I explicitly implemented the interface in my class, Vehicle.cs. Here is my interface: Interface IVehicle { int getWheel(); } here is my class: class Vehicle: IVehicle { public int IVehicle.getWheel() { return wheel; } public void printWheel() { Console.WriteLine(getWheel()); } } Notice that "getWheel()" is explicitly implemented. Now, when I try to call that method within my Vehicle class, I receive an error indicating that getWheel() does not exist in the current context. Can someone help me understand what I am doing wrong?

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• good books on numerical computation with C

  - by yCalleecharan

  Hi, I've read the post "What is the best book on numerical methods?" and I wish to ask more or less the same question but in relation to C programming. Most of the time, C programming books on numerical methods are just another version of the author's previous Fortran book on the same subject. I've seen Applied numerical methods in C by Nakamura, Shoichiro and the C codes are not good programming practice. I've heard bad comments about Numerical Recipes by Press. Do you know good books on C that discusses numerical methods. It's seem better for me to ask about good books on C discussing numerical methods than rather asking books on numerical methods that discusses C. I've heard about Numerical Algorithms with C by Giesela Engeln-Müllges and A Numerical Library in C for Scientists and Engineers bu Lau but haven't read them. Good books will always have algorithms implemented in the programming language in a smart way. Thanks a lot...

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• Should I supress CA1062: Validate arguments of public methods?

  - by brickner

  I've recently upgraded my project to Visual Studio 2010 from Visual Studio 2008. In Visual Studio 2008, this Code Analysis rule doesn't exist. Now I'm not sure if I should use this rule or not. I'm building an open source library so it seems important to keep people safe from doing mistakes. However, if all I'm going to do is throw ArgumentNullException when the parameter is null, it seems like writing useless code since ArgumentNullException will be thrown even if I won't write that code. Should I remove that rule or fix the violations?

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• How do I set values for a class without using any setter methods?

  - by fari

  Please can anyone help me public class KalaGameState implements Cloneable { // your code goes here public KalaGameState(int startingStones) throws InvalidStartingStonesException { // your code goes here } public int getTurn() { // your code goes here } public int getKala(int playerNum) throws IllegalPlayerNumException { // your code goes here } public int getNumStones(int sidePitNum) throws IllegalSidePitNumException { // your code goes here } public int getNumStones(int playerNum, int sidePitNum) throws IllegalPlayerNumException, IllegalSidePitNumException { // your code goes here } public int getScore(int playerNum) throws IllegalPlayerNumException { // your code goes here } private int getSidePitArrayIndex(int sidePitNum) throws IllegalSidePitNumException { // your code goes here } public boolean gameOver() { // your code goes here } public void makeMove(int sidePitNum) throws IllegalSidePitNumException, IllegalMoveException { // your code goes here } }

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• mvvm-light: Should we merge Cleanup methods in locator?

  - by mark smith

  Hi there, when creating a new ViewModel within the locator class using the snippet it creates a Cleanup Method but there is already one available from the Main so hence an error.... Should we merge them all?? Or should we be renaming the method to Cleanup[Name of viewmodel] for example. I am a little confused here Another question i would like to ask is regards to the naming conventions. I tried to follow the naming convention used with "MAIN"... hence i have CreateLogin, ClearLogin, Login (non static property for binding) etc etc.. Would it not be better to use CreateLoginViewModel, ClearLoginViewModel etc?? Just curious Thanks

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• How do I imply code contracts of chained methods to avoid superfluous checks while chaining?

  - by Sandor Drieënhuizen

  I'm using Code Contracts in C# 4.0. I'm applying the usual static method chaining to simulate optional parameters (I know C# 4.0 supports optional parameters but I really don't want to use them). The thing is that my contract requirements are executed twice (or possibly the number of chained overloads I'd implement) if I call the Init(string , string[]) method -- an obvious effect from the sample source code below. This can be expensive, especially due to relatively expensive requirements like the File.Exists I use. public static void Init(string configurationPath, string[] mappingAssemblies) { // The static contract checker 'makes' me put these here as well as // in the overload below. Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(configurationPath != null, "configurationPath"); Contract.Requires<ArgumentException>(configurationPath.Length > 0, "configurationPath is an empty string."); Contract.Requires<FileNotFoundException>(File.Exists(configurationPath), configurationPath); Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(mappingAssemblies != null, "mappingAssemblies"); Contract.ForAll<string>(mappingAssemblies, (n) => File.Exists(n)); Init(configurationPath, mappingAssemblies, null); } public static void Init(string configurationPath, string[] mappingAssemblies, string optionalArgument) { // This is the main implementation of Init and all calls to chained // overloads end up here. Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(configurationPath != null, "configurationPath"); Contract.Requires<ArgumentException>(configurationPath.Length > 0, "configurationPath is an empty string."); Contract.Requires<FileNotFoundException>(File.Exists(configurationPath), configurationPath); Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(mappingAssemblies != null, "mappingAssemblies"); Contract.ForAll<string>(mappingAssemblies, (n) => File.Exists(n)); //... } If however, I remove the requirements from that method, the static checker complains that the requirements of the Init(string, string[], string) overload are not met. I reckon that the static checker doesn't understand that there requirements of the Init(string, string[], string) overload implicitly apply to the Init(string, string[]) method as well; something that would be perfectly deductable from the code IMO. This is the situation I would like to achieve: public static void Init(string configurationPath, string[] mappingAssemblies) { // I don't want to repeat the requirements here because they will always // be checked in the overload called here. Init(configurationPath, mappingAssemblies, null); } public static void Init(string configurationPath, string[] mappingAssemblies, string optionalArgument) { // This is the main implementation of Init and all calls to chained // overloads end up here. Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(configurationPath != null, "configurationPath"); Contract.Requires<ArgumentException>(configurationPath.Length > 0, "configurationPath is an empty string."); Contract.Requires<FileNotFoundException>(File.Exists(configurationPath), configurationPath); Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(mappingAssemblies != null, "mappingAssemblies"); Contract.ForAll<string>(mappingAssemblies, (n) => File.Exists(n)); //... } So, my question is this: is there a way to have the requirements of Init(string, string[], string) implicitly apply to Init(string, string[]) automatically?

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• Accessing Singleton Instance Variable in Class Methods Throws Warning?

  - by Ross

  Hello, I've using the Objective-C singleton from here at stackoverflow. The singleton in the class method accesses it's instance variable, which works, but throws a complie warning. How should I be doing this? Is there a way to do this without accessing the sharedInstance: in each class method? for example here is my class method: + (NSString *)myClassMethods { [instanceDateFormatter setFormat:@"MM"]; return [instanceDateFormatter stringWithDate:somedate]; } line 2 will have the complie warning. Thanks, Ross

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• How could I refactor this into more manageable methods?

  - by ChaosPandion

  private static JsonStructure Parse(string jsonText, bool throwException) { var result = default(JsonStructure); var structureStack = new Stack<JsonStructure>(); var keyStack = new Stack<string>(); var current = default(JsonStructure); var currentState = ParserState.Begin; var invalidToken = false; var key = default(string); var value = default(object); foreach (var token in Lexer.Tokenize(jsonText)) { switch (currentState) { case ParserState.Begin: switch (token.Type) { case TokenType.OpenBrace: currentState = ParserState.ObjectKey; current = result = new JsonObject(); break; case TokenType.OpenBracket: currentState = ParserState.ArrayValue; current = result = new JsonArray(); break; default: invalidToken = true; break; } break; case ParserState.ObjectKey: switch (token.Type) { case TokenType.StringLiteral: currentState = ParserState.ColonSeperator; key = (string)token.Value; break; default: invalidToken = true; break; } break; case ParserState.ColonSeperator: switch (token.Type) { case TokenType.Colon: currentState = ParserState.ObjectValue; break; default: invalidToken = true; break; } break; case ParserState.ObjectValue: case ParserState.ArrayValue: switch (token.Type) { case TokenType.NumberLiteral: case TokenType.StringLiteral: case TokenType.BooleanLiteral: case TokenType.NullLiteral: currentState = ParserState.ItemEnd; value = token.Value; break; case TokenType.OpenBrace: structureStack.Push(current); keyStack.Push(key); currentState = ParserState.ObjectKey; current = new JsonObject(); break; case TokenType.OpenBracket: structureStack.Push(current); currentState = ParserState.ArrayValue; current = new JsonArray(); break; default: invalidToken = true; break; } break; case ParserState.ItemEnd: var jsonObject = (current as JsonObject); if (jsonObject != null) { jsonObject.Add(key, value); currentState = ParserState.ObjectKey; } var jsonArray = (current as JsonArray); if (jsonArray != null) { jsonArray.Add(value); currentState = ParserState.ArrayValue; } switch (token.Type) { case TokenType.CloseBrace: case TokenType.CloseBracket: currentState = ParserState.End; break; case TokenType.Comma: break; default: invalidToken = true; break; } break; case ParserState.End: switch (token.Type) { case TokenType.CloseBrace: case TokenType.CloseBracket: case TokenType.Comma: var previous = structureStack.Pop(); var previousJsonObject = (previous as JsonObject); if (previousJsonObject != null) { currentState = ParserState.ObjectKey; previousJsonObject.Add(keyStack.Pop(), current); } var previousJsonArray = (previous as JsonArray); if (previousJsonArray != null) { currentState = ParserState.ArrayValue; previousJsonArray.Add(current); } current = previous; if (token.Type != TokenType.Comma) { currentState = ParserState.End; } break; default: invalidToken = true; break; } break; default: break; } if (invalidToken) { if (throwException) { throw new JsonException(token); } return null; } } return result; }

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