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• How to restrict an access to some of the functions at third level in Classes (OOPs)

  - by Shantanu Gupta

  I have created a class say A which has some functions defined as protected. Now Class B inherits A and class C inherits B. Class A has private default constructor and protected parameterized constructor. I want Class B to be able to access all the protected functions defined in Class A but class C can have access on some of the functions only not all the functions and class C is inheriting class B. How can I restrict access to some of the functions of Class A from Class C ? Class A { private A(){} protected A(int ){} } Class B : A {} CLass C:B { }

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• Problem with using the XPATH functions

  - by Alex

  I've got a problem with using the XPATH functions. When I try to call some functions like lower-case or upper-case etc,they are not executed and I can't figure the problem out. I included the namespace xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions" at the top of my XSL stylesheet and use fn namespace to call these functions but anyway nothing is working. Can anyone explain the reason and what I should do in order to be able to use the following functions? Cheers

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• Why doesn't g++ pay attention to __attribute__((pure)) for virtual functions?

  - by jchl

  According to the GCC documentation, __attribute__((pure)) tells the compiler that a function has no side-effects, and so it can be subject to common subexpression elimination. This attribute appears to work for non-virtual functions, but not for virtual functions. For example, consider the following code: extern void f( int ); class C { public: int a1(); int a2() __attribute__((pure)); virtual int b1(); virtual int b2() __attribute__((pure)); }; void test_a1( C *c ) { if( c->a1() ) { f( c->a1() ); } } void test_a2( C *c ) { if( c->a2() ) { f( c->a2() ); } } void test_b1( C *c ) { if( c->b1() ) { f( c->b1() ); } } void test_b2( C *c ) { if( c->b2() ) { f( c->b2() ); } } When compiled with optimization enabled (either -O2 or -Os), test_a2() only calls C::a2() once, but test_b2() calls b2() twice. Is there a reason for this? Is it because, even though the implementation in class C is pure, g++ can't assume that the implementation in every subclass will also be pure? If so, is there a way to tell g++ that this virtual function and every subclass's implementation will be pure?

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• How can I serialize functions using JSON or some other serialization library?

  - by Oragamster

  I am trying to create a program that uses javascript to write a simple textadventure that I can then post on my blog and run on my iphone. I have run into a problem though. I was trying to make it so that my program would save it's state into cookies using JSON to convert it into strings and then post it into a cookie but then I realised that I couldn't serialize the functions that are on my item object. I was trying to make it so that my item would have an associative array that would contain the name of the use as the key and the function as the value. This worked well untill I tried to serialize it. I learned that I could create a JSON like serialization for functions by storing the body into a string and using escape charectors for the double quotes but for some reason I was unable to make my cookie with the function as the string stored. When I posted the cookie and then tried to get it back the string wasn't there. My code and the over all project are on my site if you want to look at that, though my full code including the item actions are not posted yet.

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• Kernel Panic: line 61: can't open /scripts/functions

  - by Pavlos G.

  I'm facing a problem with all the kernels installed at my system (Ubuntu 10.10 64-bit). Installed kernel versions: 2.6.32-21 up to 2.6.35.23. The booting halted with the following error: init: .: line 61: can't open '/scripts/functions' Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! Pid: 1, comm: init not tainted Only the first one (2.6.32-21) was working up until know. I asked for help at ubuntuforums.org and i was told to check if there's any problem regarding my graphics card (ATI Radeon). I uninstalled all the ATI-related packages as well as all the unecessary xserver-xorg-video-* drivers that were installed. I then rebooted and from then on ALL of the kernels halt with the same error (i.e. it didn't fix the problematic kernels, it just broke the only one that was working...) Any ideas on what i should try next? Thanks in advance. Pavlos.

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• Why PHP Function Naming so Inconsistent?

  - by Shamim Hafiz

  I was going through some PHP functions and I could not help notice the following: <?php function foo(&$var) { } foo($a); // $a is "created" and assigned to null $b = array(); foo($b['b']); var_dump(array_key_exists('b', $b)); // bool(true) $c = new StdClass; foo($c->d); var_dump(property_exists($c, 'd')); // bool(true) ?> Notice the array_key_exists() and property_exists() function. In the first one, the property name(key for an array) is the first parameter while in the second one it is the second parameter. By intuition, one would expect them to have similar signature. This can lead to confusion and the development time may be wasted by making corrections of this type. Shouldn't PHP, or any language for that matter, consider making the signatures of related functions consistent?

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• Why are PHP function signatures so inconsistent?

  - by Shamim Hafiz

  I was going through some PHP functions and I could not help notice the following: <?php function foo(&$var) { } foo($a); // $a is "created" and assigned to null $b = array(); foo($b['b']); var_dump(array_key_exists('b', $b)); // bool(true) $c = new StdClass; foo($c->d); var_dump(property_exists($c, 'd')); // bool(true) ?> Notice the array_key_exists() and property_exists() function. In the first one, the property name(key for an array) is the first parameter while in the second one it is the second parameter. By intuition, one would expect them to have similar signature. This can lead to confusion and the development time may be wasted by making corrections of this type. Shouldn't PHP, or any language for that matter, consider making the signatures of related functions consistent?

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• Unit-Testing functions which have parameters of classes where source code is not accessible

  - by McMannus

  Relating to this question, I have another question regarding unit testing functions in the utility classes: Assume you have function signatures like this: public function void doSomething(InternalClass obj, InternalElement element) where InternalClass and InternalElement are both Classes which source code are not available, because they are hidden in the API. Additionally, doSomething only operates on obj and element. I thought about mocking those classes away but this option is not possible due to the fact that they do not implement an interface at all which I could use for my Mocking classes. However, I need to fill obj with defined data to test doSomething. How can this problem be solved?

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• How do functional languages handle random numbers?

  - by Electric Coffee

  What I mean about that is that in nearly every tutorial I've read about functional languages, is that one of the great things about functions, is that if you call a function with the same parameters twice, you'll always end up with the same result. How on earth do you then make a function that takes a seed as a parameter, and then returns a random number based on that seed? I mean this would seem to go against one of the things that are so good about functions, right? Or am I completely missing something here?

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• ASP.NET 3.5 Functions and Subroutines

  The most basic of all ASP.NET 3.5 server side scripts that I ve covered using the Visual Basic programming language is not modular in nature. This means that an ASP.NET 3.5 server will interpret the scripts in the Visual Basic file e.g Default.aspx.vb from top to bottom. In most real-world applications that use Visual Basic in ASP.NET websites however most web developers structure their programs in modules. This article will give you information about subroutines and functions along with practical examples and their advantages.... Cloud Servers in Demand - GoGrid Start Small and Grow with Your Business. $0.10/hour

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• MVC helper functions business logic

  - by Menelaos Vergis

  I am creating some helper functions (mvc.net) for creating common controls that I need in almost every project such as alert boxes, dialogs etc. If these do not contain any business logic and it's just client side code (html, js) then it's ok. My problem arises when I need some business logic behind this helper. I want to create a 'rate my (web) application' control that will be visible every 3 days and the user may hide it for now, navigate to rate link or hide it for ever. To do this I need some sort of database access and a code that acts as business logic. Normally I would use a controller for this, with my DI and everything, but I don't know where to put this code now. This should be placed in the helper function or in a controller that responds objects instead of ActionResults?

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• How to use OpenGL functions from multiples thread?

  - by Robert

  I'm writing a small game using OpenGL. I'm implementing basic networking in this game and I'm facing a problem. I have a thread in my client socket class that check for available data, when there are data I raise an event like this : immutable int len = this.m_socket.receive(data); if(len > 0) { this.m_onDataEvent(data); } Then on my game class, I have a function that handle and parse data like this : switch(msgId) { case ProtocolID.CharacterData: // Load terrain with opengl, character model.... Im not able to call opengl functions because my opengl context is created from a different thread. But I really don't know how I can solve this problem, I tried Google but it's really hard to find a solution. I'm using D programming language if it can help.

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• How to solve linear recurrences involving two functions?

  - by Aditya Bahuguna

  Actually I came across a question in Dynamic Programming where we need to find the number of ways to tile a 2 X N area with tiles of given dimensions.. Here is the problem statement Now after a bit of recurrence solving I came out with these. F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2) + 2G(n-1), and G(n) = G(n-1) + F(n-1) I know how to solve LR model where one function is there.For large N as is the case in the above problem we can do the matrix exponentiation and achieve O(k^3log(N)) time where k is the minimum number such that for all km F(n) does not depend on F(n-k). The method of solving linear recurrence with matrix exponentiation as it is given in that blog. Now for the LR involving two functions can anyone suggest an approach feasible enough for large N.

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• Returning status code where one of many errors could have occured

  - by yttriuszzerbus

  I'm developing a PHP login component which includes functions to manipulate the User object, such as $User->changePassword(string $old, string $new) What I need some advice with is how to return a status, as the function can either succeed (no further information needs to be given) or fail (and the calling code needs to know why, for example incorrect password, database problem etc.) I've come up with the following ideas: Unix-style: return 0 on success, another code on failure. This doesn't seem particularly common in PHP and the language's type-coercion messes with this (a function returning FALSE on success?) This seems to be the best I can think of. Throw an exception on error. PHP's exception support is limited, and this will make life harder for anybody trying to use the functions. Return an array, containing a boolean for "success" or not, and a string or an int for "failure status" if applicable. None of these seem particularly appealing, does anyone have any advice or better ideas?

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• What is the most handy function you've ever came across? [closed]

  - by Viniyo Shouta

  Obviously everything is 'handy' when it comes to programming terms, but some get a highlight spot, like containers, matrix trasnformation functions and many others. But in this case please mention the one it was more handy to you, saved you from sparing hours resolving a problem, or even the one you like more, What is it and what does it does? I'll start with an example. Language: C++ Function: std::sort (STL) What does it does: Arranges the elements in a specified range into a nondescending order or according to an ordering criterion specified by a binary predicate. (It arranges a container in decreasing order) Why of this question? Because I want to learn how to if possible make my own implementations of these functions for pure studying purposes, to enhance knowledge

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• How to make Doxygen ignore specific PHP functions, when generating documentation from a purely proce

  - by Senthil

  I am writing a PHP Library and I am trying out Doxygen to generate the API documentation. My library does not use OOP. All code is procedural. I use lot of helper functions which have an _ (underscore) prefix in their names. They are not part of the publicly exposed API. They are just used internally. Even though they are commented just like the API functions, I don't want them included when giving out the documentation for the API. I want Doxygen to ignore these functions. I can think of two solutions for this, but I am not able to implement either one of them. First is, I can set some configuration in Doxygen to make it ignore specific function name patterns. I went through Doxygen help documentation and searched the web. There seems to be options to ignore file and folder name patterns. But I am not able to find an option to specify a function name pattern and make it ignore those functions. Second is, along with all the other content in the comments above functions, I could add some other keyword or something and make Doxygen ignore those functions. I haven't been able to find out how to do that either. How can I make Doxygen ignore specific PHP functions when generating documentation? Update I searched within Stack Overflow and came across this question. It looked similar to my question. I found out about EXCLUDE_SYMBOLS config option in one of the answers. You can use that to exclude function names too. More importantly, wildcards were supported. So I am able to ignore all my functions with _ as the prefix :) This ridiculous! I should've done more research :| Someone please delete this question or add this answer as an answer.

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• Stop functions in 5 minutes if they dont end running

  - by george mano

  I want to add a feature in my project. I have 2 functions running in a for-loop because I want to find the solution of the functions in random arrays. I also have an function that makes random arrays. In each loop the array that is made by the random_array fun are the input of the 2 functions. The 2 functions print solutions in the screen , they dont return an argument. int main(){ for (i=0;i<50 i++) { arr1=ramdom_array(); func1(arr1) func2(arr1) } } I need to stop the functions running if they have not ended in 5 minutes. I have thought that I have to put in the functions something like this : void func1(array<array<int,4>,4> initial) { while (5minutes_not_passed) { //do staff if(solution==true) break; } } But I dont know what to put in the 5minutes_not_passed. the declaration of the functions are like this: void func1(array<array<int,4>,4> initial) void func2(array<array<int,4>,4> initial) I have found that I can use the thread library but I dont think meshing up with threads in a good idea. I believe something like a timer is needed. Note that the functions sometimes might end before 5 minutes.

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• syntax for calling virtual functions outside of the class?

  - by sil3nt

  Hi there, what is the syntax for defining virtual functions outside the class body? class random{ public: random(int i = 0); virtual ~random(){}; virtual void print() const; protected: int id; }; is it? virutal void random::print() { } ?

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• How do you solve this Haskell problem using higher order functions?

  - by Linda Cohen

  Using higher order functions (map, fold or filter) and if necessary lambda expressions. Write a definition for f1 and f2 so the following evaluation is valid: f1 (f2 (*) [1,2,3,4]) 5 output: [5,10,15,20] Any help would be appreciated, thanks.

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• What's the benefit of declaring class functions separately from their actual functionality?

  - by vette982

  In C++, what's the benefit of having a class with functions... say class someClass{ public: void someFunc(int arg1); }; then having the function's actual functionality declared after int main int main() { return 0; } void someClass::someFunc(int arg1) { cout<<arg1; } Furthermore, what's the benefit of declaring the class in a .h header file, then putting the functionality in a .cpp file that #includes the .h file?

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• What's the drawback to declare all the functions virtual in C++?

  - by skydoor

  Hi, If I am developing a class and I don't know who are going to use it. What's the drawback if I declare all the member functions virtual? It's a good design or bad design? Thanks so much! Regards.

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• Ribbon Search: Locate MS Office Ribbon Menu Features/Functions Quickly

  - by Kavitha

  In the new versions of Microsoft Office  everything has changed with the introduction of Ribbon menus. Even though Ribbon menus has many advantages that simplifies accessing features, at times it’s a daunting task to navigate the Ribbon menus and find a specific command. Ribbon search is one of the interesting freeware tools to overcome these complaints from users, with this one can search Office ribbon for any feature or function easily. It supports both Office 2007 and  Office 2010(the versions which have ribbon). Once Installation has completed, you can find a text box on top of the ribbon in all the office applications (Outlook, Word, PowerPoint, Excel etc.). As you type few letters of the feature you are looking for, Ribbon Search instantly displays the path through which you can access the feature. Here is a screen grab search of Ribbon Search in action When you start typing itself shows results instantly. And also it gives the path through which you can access feature you are searching for. If there are multiple ways to access the feature, it is also shown in the list. Download Ribbon Search This article titled,Ribbon Search: Locate MS Office Ribbon Menu Features/Functions Quickly, was originally published at Tech Dreams. Grab our rss feed or fan us on Facebook to get updates from us.

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• SQL SERVER – Introduction to PERCENT_RANK() – Analytic Functions Introduced in SQL Server 2012

  - by pinaldave

  SQL Server 2012 introduces new analytical functions PERCENT_RANK(). This function returns relative standing of a value within a query result set or partition. It will be very difficult to explain this in words so I’d like to attempt to explain its function through a brief example. Instead of creating a new table, I will be using the AdventureWorks sample database as most developers use that for experiment purposes. Now let’s have fun following query: USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT SalesOrderID, OrderQty, RANK() OVER(ORDER BY SalesOrderID) Rnk, PERCENT_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY SalesOrderID) AS PctDist FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663) ORDER BY PctDist DESC GO The above query will give us the following result: Now let us understand the resultset. You will notice that I have also included the RANK() function along with this query. The reason to include RANK() function was as this query is infect uses RANK function and find the relative standing of the query. The formula to find PERCENT_RANK() is as following: PERCENT_RANK() = (RANK() – 1) / (Total Rows – 1) If you want to read more about this function read here. Now let us attempt the same example with PARTITION BY clause USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT SalesOrderID, OrderQty, ProductID, RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY ProductID ) Rnk, PERCENT_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY ProductID ) AS PctDist FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663) ORDER BY PctDist DESC GO Now you will notice that the same logic is followed in follow result set. I have now quick question to you – how many of you know the logic/formula of PERCENT_RANK() before this blog post? Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Function, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Syntactic sugar in PHP with static functions

  - by Anna

  The dilemma I'm facing is: should I use static classes for the components of an application just to get nicer looking API? Example - the "normal" way: // example component class Cache{ abstract function get($k); abstract function set($k, $v); } class APCCache extends Cache{ ... } class application{ function __construct() $this->cache = new APCCache(); } function whatever(){ $this->cache->add('blabla'); print $this->cache->get('blablabla'); } } Notice how ugly is this->cache->.... But it gets waay uglier when you try to make the application extensible trough plugins, because then you have to pass the application instance to its plugins, and you get $this->application->cache->... With static functions: interface CacheAdapter{ abstract function get($k); abstract function set($k, $v); } class Cache{ public static $ad; public function setAdapter(CacheAdapter $a){ static::$ad = $ad; } public static function get($k){ return static::$ad->get($k); } ... } class APCCache implements CacheAdapter{ ... } class application{ function __construct(){ cache::setAdapter(new APCCache); } function whatever() cache::add('blabla', 5); print cache::get('blabla'); } } Here it looks nicer because you just call cache::get() everywhere. The disadvantage is that I loose the possibility to extend this class easily. But I've added a setAdapter method to make the class extensible to some point. I'm relying on the fact that I won't need to rewrite to replace the cache wrapper, ever, and that I won't need to run multiple application instances simultaneously (it's basically a site - and nobody works with two sites at the same time) So, am doing it wrong?

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• Can't access any functions after chown command.

  - by explorex

  I am not being to access any functions in my desktop and I don't have an OS besides Ubuntu and I am new to Ubuntu. I think I rebooted my computer thinking that Google Chrome crashed. I opened Google Chrome but it showed opening message but never opened so I restarted my computer. and when my system was loading (I was playing with keyboard dont know what I typed) and when by Ubuntu loaded, I was unable to access anything some of characteristics are listed below: I cannot hear any sound I cannot access wired ethernet connection on the right corner where I usually enable to access internet and I have no internet. There is no local apache server either. when ever I try to start apacer I get setuid must be root or something. When I type sudo then I get message setuid must be root. I cannot access orther external storage devices like pendrive and portable hard drive and cannot mount my other drives with FAT32 filesystem. When I try to start my apache webserver with out typing sudo then I get message cannnot open socket or something like it. I remember also doing command chown -R www-data / earlier and got error message I cannot shutdown my computer, it only logs off

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