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  • Storing large array of tiles, but allowing easy access to data

    - by Cyral
    I've been thinking about this for a while. I have a 2D tile bases platformer in XNA with a large array of tile data, I've been running into memory problems with large maps. (I will add chunks soon!) Currently, Each tile contains an Item along with other properties like how its rotated, if it has forground / background, etc. An Item is static and has properties like the name, tooltip, type of item, how much light it emits, the collision it does to player, etc. Examples: public class Item { public static List<Item> Items; public Collision blockCollisionType; public string nameOfItem; public bool someOtherVariable,etc,etc public static Item Air public static Item Stone; public static Item Dirt; static Item() { Items = new List<Item>() { (Stone = new Item() { nameOfItem = "Stone", blockCollisionType = Collision.Solid, }), (Air = new Item() { nameOfItem = "Air", blockCollisionType = Collision.Passable, }), }; } } Would be an Item, The array of Tiles would contain a Tile for each point, public class Tile { public Item item; //What type it is public bool onBackground; public int someOtherVariables,etc,etc } Now, Most would probably use an enum, or a form of ID to identify blocks. Well my system is really nice just to find out about an item. I can simply do tiles[x,y].item.Name To get the name for example. I realized my Item property of the tile is over 1000 Bytes! Wow! What I'm looking for is a way to use an ID (Int or byte depending on how many items) instead of an Item but still have a method for retreiving data about the type of item a tile contains.

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  • Structuring Access Control In Hierarchical Object Graph

    - by SB2055
    I have a Folder entity that can be Moderated by users. Folders can contain other folders. So I may have a structure like this: Folder 1 Folder 2 Folder 3 Folder 4 I have to decide how to implement Moderation for this entity. I've come up with two options: Option 1 When the user is given moderation privileges to Folder 1, define a moderator relationship between Folder 1 and User 1. No other relationships are added to the db. To determine if the user can moderate Folder 3, I check and see if User 1 is the moderator of any parent folders. This seems to alleviate some of the complexity of handling updates / moved entities / additions under Folder 1 after the relationship has been defined, and reverting the relationship means I only have to deal with one entity. Option 2 When the user is given moderation privileges to Folder 1, define a new relationship between User 1 and Folder 1, and all child entities down to the grandest of grandchildren when the relationship is created, and if it's ever removed, iterate back down the graph to remove the relationship. If I add something under Folder 2 after this relationship has been made, I just copy all Moderators into the new Entity. But when I need to show only the top-level Folders that a user is Moderating, I need to query all folders that have a parent folder that the user does not moderate, as opposed to option 1, where I just query any items that the user is moderating. Thoughts I think it comes down to determining if users will be querying for all parent items more than they'll be querying child items... if so, then option 1 seems better. But I'm not sure. Is either approach better than the other? Why? Or is there another approach that's better than both? I'm using Entity Framework in case it matters.

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  • Cannot access Compiz Config

    - by Xor power
    I was going through one article here and the topic was "Changing the Size and Appearance of the Unity Launcher" which required to open up CompizConfig from System Settings -- Desktop. I could find System Settings and could reach to control panel but cannot locate either Desktop or CompizConfig. When i go to Software center and search for compizconfig, it says that it is already installed.But when i search it from the list of installed applications, i couldn't find it.??

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  • Can't access computer

    - by Pudica
    I'm running Ubuntu 14.04 on an Intel NUC and it won't boot! The last successful boot was earlier today but now each time I try it gets stuck on the Grub menu where it prompts for memory check etc. This is not a dual boot system, so this screen shouldn't ever appear, and it never has before. It's GRUB version 2.02~beta2-9, which is a little disconcerting, as I'm on the stable sources. Unfortunately the keyboard (I've tried 2 keyboards just in case) is not responding at this point in the boot process, so I can't select the "Ubuntu" menu option in Grub. The keyboard works during the bios stage, so I can configure it to boot from USB, and I tried a flash drive with 14.04 on it. The flash drive works in my laptop but is completely ignored by the NUC (I tried all 3 USB ports!). It seems that I have no way of getting into the machine at all! The Intel support site was my first option, but the site is down. I expect it's a long shot, but if anyone has any ideas I'd be very grateful.

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  • Access Windows 7 Media Streaming

    - by rifferte
    I wish to be able to see and stream music to my Ubuntu 10.04 installation through Rhythmbox. I have enabled media streaming in Windows 7 and I can see Rhythmbox as an allowed device. I have installed the Coherence plugin for Rhythmbox. I can see my Windows 7 PC under the Shared folder in Rhythmbox, but I do not see any of my music. Is there a step along the way that I missed or something else that I have to enable?

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  • How to track users who access an app three times a week in Google Analytics

    - by exceptionerror
    I have an IOS app that is being tracked, and I'm looking to find unique users who use the app 3 or more times a week. I am able to find users who logged three sessions in a particular week, but I'd like to find users who log three sessions every week since a given start period. Similarly, I'd like to find the number of users who use the app 1 time a week and one and 1 time a month. Is this possible through Google Analytics?

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  • Access Token Verification

    - by DecafCoder
    I have spent quite a few days reading up on Oauth and token based security measures for REST API's and I am currently looking at implementing an Oauth based authentication approach almost exactly like the one described in this post (OAuth alternative for a 2 party system). From what I understand, the token is to be verified upon each request to the resource server. This means the resource server would need to retrieve the token from a datastore to verify the clients token. Given this would have to happen upon every request I am concerned about the speed implications of hitting a datastore like MySQL or NoSQL upon every request just to verify the token. Is this the standard way to verify tokens by having them stored in a RDBMS or NoSQL database and retrieved upon each request? Or is it a suitable solution to have them cached (baring in mind that we are talking millions of users)?

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  • Confused with creating an ODBC connection, apparently I have two separate odbcad32.exe files?

    - by Hoser
    Alright, this is my first time working with this so forgive me if I'm a little confusing or vague. I have a server with Windows Server 2008 Standard without Hyper-v (6.0, Build 6002). I'm running a small website off this server and using a Microsoft Access database to store some information coming in through the website. I'm sure the PHP I have written to open the ODBC connection is correct as it has worked for me when I created this website in a testing environment on a laptop. My current issue now is that it seems like I have two different odbcad32.exe's, and one doesn't appear to have a driver for a .accdb file, and only a .mdb file. The other has a driver for both. The first one I speak of has a driver titled 'Driver do Microsoft Access (.mdb)', the second one has a driver titled 'Microsoft Access Driver (.mdb, .accdb)'. I access the first odbcad32.exe by going to C:\Windows\SysWOW64\odbcad32.exe, and then the one that seems to have the driver I need I go to Control Panel-Administrative Tools-Data Sources(ODBC) and simply create a new connection in the System DNS tab. Whenever I make changes to the one that I access through the Control Panel, I see no changes, however if I use the odbcad32.exe file in SysWOW64 I do get some changes in the errors that come back to me. The main difference I noticed is that when I set up an ODBC connection with the Control Panel method it said it simply couldn't find the ODBC connection, but when I made a .mdb connection in the SysWOW64 one (and pointed it to a .accdb file) it says Cannot open database '(unknown)'. It may not be a database that your application recognizes, or the file may be corrupt. Which makes it seem like it is this odbcad32.exe version in SySWOW64 that is being recognized as the 'correct' one. Is there any way to fix this? I've tried to be as thorough as possible but if I've been confusing or left anything out let me know.

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  • Cannot access Compiz Config

    - by Xor power
    I was going through one article here and the topic was "Changing the Size and Appearance of the Unity Launcher" which required to open up CompizConfig from System Settings -- Desktop. I could find System Settings and could reach to control panel but cannot locate either Desktop or CompizConfig. When i go to Software center and search for compizconfig, it says that it is already installed.But when i search it from the list of installed applications, i couldn't find it.??

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  • How to access functions in extended classes efficiently?

    - by nischayn22
    In PHP I have classes as below class Animal { //some vars public function printname(){ echo $this->name; } } class AnimalMySql extends Animal { static public function getTableFields(){ return array(); } } class AnimalPostgreSql extends Animal { static public function getTableFields(){ return array(); } } Now I have an object $lion = new Animal(); and I want to do if($store == mysql) //getTableFields from class AnimalMySql else //getTableFields form class AnimalPostgreSql I am new to OOP and not sure what is the best way to call the method from the specific class P.S. Please leave a note with the answer to explain the efficiency of the approach

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  • Identity and Access Management Market Forecast to 2012

    With steady increase in the number of organizations across the world and incorporation of Information Technology into their businesses, the importance/need for proper security measures have become an... [Author: RNCOS E-Services Pvt. Ltd. - Computers and Internet - June 17, 2010]

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  • Weird URLs being access by Googlebot

    - by Avishai
    Lately I've been seing all sorts of strange URLs show up as errors in my Webmaster tools account, but they're URLs that don't actually exist on my site, nor are linked from the pages that Google claims they're linked from. URL Response Code Detected yR3kna/5RfA4+ndtn/X4zcevudMlXbqbIrnPbH9irw= 404 9/16/12 OK4iaOVdr6Ocjmz+u1kuR5Q486mhDo/e45nwjl2+y8= 404 9/9/12 pxGz/oHEA0BS8U3VFBzJcZnnIHMsFXb3/rIxMxh2ws= 404 9/16/12 Af8tbvQ0HniIpf53I8Txz1hM1/JxxrFQxgqPuErWII= 404 9/9/12 7Bk7c0LDmm4PHyTjml017EGwNNPCn/p/0xMSWWPDic= 404 9/16/12 umCwnDvTE8ybpUB19MIb+VRj5xRJncyYGGfAQ2Mxn0= 404 9/1/12 # etc... Do you know how to make these stop? It's not at all clear to me why it would be going to these URLs in the first place.

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  • Fail to access Network options

    - by Konstantinos Marinis
    I am trying to use OpenDNS for my newly installed Ubuntu 12.10... However I cannot insert custom DNS addresses... I am accessing Network, then at my wireless connection, no matter how many times I press the "options" tab at the low right corner (I am not using english Ubuntu, so the button might have a different name), nothing happens. Any ideas why or how should I configure my OpenDNS connection?

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  • i want to access mysql database table on given conditions in drop down menu [on hold]

    - by user3909877
    as the code below is accesing the database table directly but i want it to display the table content on giving conditions in drop down menu like when i select islamabad in one drop down menu and lahore in other as given in code and press search buttonn then it display the table flights.but it is displaying it directly <p class="h2">Quick Search</p> <div class="sb2_opts"> <p> </p> <form method="post" action=""> <p>Enter your source and destination.</p> <p> From:</p> <select name="from"> <option value="Islamabad">Islamabad</option> <option value="Lahore">Lahore</option> <option value="murree">Murree</option> <option value="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</option> </select> <p> To:</p> <select name="To"> <option value="Islamabad">Islamabad</option> <option value="Lahore">Lahore</option> <option value="murree">Murree</option> <option value="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</option> </select> <input type="submit" value="search" /> </form> </form> </table> <?php $from = isset($_POST['from'])?$_POST['from']:''; $to = isset($_POST['to'])?$_POST['to']:''; if( $from =='Islamabad'){ if($to == 'Lahore'){ $db_host = 'localhost'; $db_user = 'root'; $database = 'homedb'; $table = 'flights'; if (!mysql_connect($db_host, $db_user)) die("Can't connect to database"); if (!mysql_select_db($database)) die("Can't select database"); $result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM {$table}"); if (!$result) { die("Query to show fields from table failed"); } $result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM {$table}"); if (!$result) { die("Query to show fields from table failed"); } $fields_num = mysql_num_fields($result); echo "<h1>Table: {$table}</h1>"; echo "<table border='1'><tr>"; while($row = mysql_fetch_row($result)) { echo "<tr>"; // $row is array... foreach( .. ) puts every element // of $row to $cell variable foreach($row as $cell) echo "<td>$cell</td>"; echo "</tr>\n"; } } } mysqli_close($con); ?>

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  • Installed Ubuntu and lost access to Windows

    - by rikimaru90
    I installed it by using a load of unallocated space on a completely separate hard drive than the one Windows is installed to. When I choose Windows on the boot menu I get this: 'Invalid EFI path' Any idea why this is? EDIT: Here is information from boot info script. http://paste.ubuntu.com/1202156/ I think it might be because I have more than 4 partitions on the drive? Although I am not sure what the one labelled as 'unknown' is at all.

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  • Upgraded from 11.10 to 12.04 now no network access

    - by MadeTheLeap
    A few weeks ago I decided I should enter the Linux world and read that Ubuntu is the most widely used release. I installed version 11.10 and it worked perfectly. Just this past week I decided I would do the upgrade to 12.04. The upgrade process itself worked fine. However, when I logged in I no longer had a network connection. I am running an AMD-based PC with a D-LINK DFE-530TXS network card and as I said, it worked fine in 11.10. I have scoured the Internet and come across a thousand slightly varying solutions, but they are too convoluted for someone new to Linux. Not because I can't follow the steps, but because most of the tools/utilities that are referenced (e.g. to compile, install, etc.) are not available when I use the stated steps in the solutions. So....should I re-install 11.10 or is there hope in getting this version to use the NIC that I know works. I have the latest driver from d-link for my NIC but I have no idea how to 'install' it for Ubuntu 12.04 to use. I know you will require additional information, but I wasn't sure what you would need. Thanks in advance.

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  • Can't access external USB storage after updating to 12.10

    - by user99252
    I installed Ubuntu 12.04 after Windows failed me and Samsung got a bit pissy about providing any help. I then upgraded to 12.10 after a week or two and suddenly my external USB devices no longer work. The same devices I plugged in are no longer recognised. As I say, I'm only a user of Ubuntu for a fortnight, so any advice and directions to very simple instructions, would be appreciated greatly. I've seen this asked elsewhere, but the advice was to ask again if you needed clarification.

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  • Unable to access “430 GB Volume”

    - by user170924
    Error mounting /dev/sda3 at /media/fehr/D42CAFD92CAFB4C0: Command-line `mount -t "ntfs" -o "uhelper=udisks2,nodev,nosuid,uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=0077,fmask=0177" "/dev/sda3" "/media/fehr/D42CAFD92CAFB4C0"' exited with non-zero exit status 14: The disk contains an unclean file system (0, 0). Metadata kept in Windows cache, refused to mount. Failed to mount '/dev/sda3': Operation not permitted The NTFS partition is in an unsafe state. Please resume and shutdown Windows fully (no hibernation or fast restarting), or mount the volume read-only with the 'ro' mount option.

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  • Wifi hotspot disconnected after some time

    - by Rohit Bansal
    I am trying to use my Ubuntu system as Wifi Hotspot, but for some reason Hotspot get disconnected on its own. Searching for the solution, I found this help : Why is my ethernet connection connecting and disconnecting repeatedly? Reading through the above article I used the following command sudo killall dnsmasq as a result I manage to establish hotspot for around 5-10 sec before getting disconnected as against immediately.... Here's the system log (in case needed) tail -f /var/log/syslog : Apr 1 23:31:42 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Starting dnsmasq... Apr 1 23:31:42 NetworkManager[901]: <info> (wlan0): device state change: ip-config -> activated (reason 'none') [70 100 0] Apr 1 23:31:42 dnsmasq[4159]: started, version 2.57 cachesize 150 Apr 1 23:31:42 dnsmasq[4159]: compile time options: IPv6 GNU-getopt DBus I18N DHCP TFTP IDN Apr 1 23:31:42 dnsmasq-dhcp[4159]: DHCP, IP range 10.42.43.10 -- 10.42.43.100, lease time 1h Apr 1 23:31:42 dnsmasq[4159]: reading /etc/resolv.conf Apr 1 23:31:42 dnsmasq[4159]: using nameserver 220.226.6.104#53 Apr 1 23:31:42 dnsmasq[4159]: using nameserver 220.226.100.40#53 Apr 1 23:31:42 dnsmasq[4159]: cleared cache Apr 1 23:31:42 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Activation (wlan0) successful, device activated. Apr 1 23:31:42 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Activation (wlan0) Stage 5 of 5 (IP Configure Commit) complete. Apr 1 23:31:42 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Activation (wlan0) Stage 4 of 5 (IP4 Configure Get) complete. Apr 1 23:31:42 dbus[885]: [system] Activating service name='org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher' (using servicehelper) Apr 1 23:31:42 dbus[885]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher' Connection established at this point....now disconnecting after 10 sec... Apr 1 23:31:52 ntpdate[4194]: adjust time server 91.189.94.4 offset -0.011589 sec Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> (wlan0): IP6 addrconf timed out or failed. Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Activation (wlan0) Stage 4 of 5 (IP6 Configure Timeout) scheduled... Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Activation (wlan0) Stage 4 of 5 (IP6 Configure Timeout) started... Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Activation (wlan0) Stage 5 of 5 (IP Configure Commit) started... Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert INPUT --in-interface wlan0 --protocol tcp --destination-port 53 --jump ACCEPT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert INPUT --in-interface wlan0 --protocol udp --destination-port 53 --jump ACCEPT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert INPUT --in-interface wlan0 --protocol tcp --destination-port 67 --jump ACCEPT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert INPUT --in-interface wlan0 --protocol udp --destination-port 67 --jump ACCEPT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert FORWARD --in-interface wlan0 --jump REJECT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert FORWARD --out-interface wlan0 --jump REJECT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert FORWARD --in-interface wlan0 --out-interface wlan0 --jump ACCEPT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert FORWARD --source 10.42.43.0/255.255.255.0 --in-interface wlan0 --jump ACCEPT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert FORWARD --destination 10.42.43.0/255.255.255.0 --out-interface wlan0 --match state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED --jump ACCEPT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table nat --insert POSTROUTING --source 10.42.43.0/255.255.255.0 ! --destination 10.42.43.0/255.255.255.0 --jump MASQUERADE Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert INPUT --in-interface wlan0 --protocol tcp --destination-port 53 --jump ACCEPT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert INPUT --in-interface wlan0 --protocol udp --destination-port 53 --jump ACCEPT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert INPUT --in-interface wlan0 --protocol tcp --destination-port 67 --jump ACCEPT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert INPUT --in-interface wlan0 --protocol udp --destination-port 67 --jump ACCEPT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert FORWARD --in-interface wlan0 --jump REJECT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert FORWARD --out-interface wlan0 --jump REJECT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert FORWARD --in-interface wlan0 --out-interface wlan0 --jump ACCEPT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert FORWARD --source 10.42.43.0/255.255.255.0 --in-interface wlan0 --jump ACCEPT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table filter --insert FORWARD --destination 10.42.43.0/255.255.255.0 --out-interface wlan0 --match state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED --jump ACCEPT Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Executing: /sbin/iptables --table nat --insert POSTROUTING --source 10.42.43.0/255.255.255.0 ! --destination 10.42.43.0/255.255.255.0 --jump MASQUERADE Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Starting dnsmasq... Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Activation (wlan0) Stage 5 of 5 (IP Configure Commit) complete. Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> Activation (wlan0) Stage 4 of 5 (IP6 Configure Timeout) complete. Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <warn> dnsmasq died with signal 9 Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> (wlan0): device state change: activated -> failed (reason 'sharing-start-failed') [100 120 18] Apr 1 23:32:01 dnsmasq[4235]: started, version 2.57 cachesize 150 Apr 1 23:32:01 dnsmasq[4235]: compile time options: IPv6 GNU-getopt DBus I18N DHCP TFTP IDN Apr 1 23:32:01 dnsmasq-dhcp[4235]: DHCP, IP range 10.42.43.10 -- 10.42.43.100, lease time 1h Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <warn> Activation (wlan0) failed for access point (Reppify Ubuntu) Apr 1 23:32:01 dnsmasq[4235]: reading /etc/resolv.conf Apr 1 23:32:01 dnsmasq[4235]: using nameserver 220.226.6.104#53 Apr 1 23:32:01 dnsmasq[4235]: using nameserver 220.226.100.40#53 Apr 1 23:32:01 dnsmasq[4235]: cleared cache Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <warn> Activation (wlan0) failed. Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> (wlan0): device state change: failed -> disconnected (reason 'none') [120 30 0] Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <info> (wlan0): deactivating device (reason 'none') [0] Apr 1 23:32:01 dbus[885]: [system] Activating service name='org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher' (using servicehelper) Apr 1 23:32:01 dbus[885]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher' Apr 1 23:32:01 NetworkManager[901]: <error> [1333303321.565351] [nm-device-wifi.c:1815] nm_device_wifi_set_mode(): (wlan0): error setting mode 2

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  • How to create btrfs RAID-1 filesystem (assertion error in mkfs.btrfs)?

    - by amcnabb
    I tried to make a btrfs RAID-1 filesystem in "degraded mode" by following the btrfs UseCases instructions but hit a fatal assertion error. Why is this failing, and is there any workaround? The instructions I followed are at: https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/articles/u/s/e/UseCases_8bd8.html The output of the mkfs.btrfs and btrfs filesystem show commands is: # mkfs.btrfs -m raid1 -d raid1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/loop1 WARNING! - Btrfs Btrfs v0.19 IS EXPERIMENTAL WARNING! - see http://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org before using failed to read /dev/sr0 adding device /dev/loop1 id 2 mkfs.btrfs: volumes.c:802: btrfs_alloc_chunk: Assertion `!(ret)' failed. zsh: abort (core dumped) mkfs.btrfs -m raid1 -d raid1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/loop1 # btrfs filesystem show failed to read /dev/sr0 Label: none uuid: 773908b8-acca-4c30-85c5-6642b06de22b Total devices 1 FS bytes used 28.00KB devid 1 size 223.13GB used 2.04GB path /dev/sda5 Label: none uuid: 0f06f1a8-5f5f-4b92-a55c-b827bcbcc840 Total devices 2 FS bytes used 24.00KB devid 2 size 2.00GB used 0.00 path /dev/loop1 devid 1 size 1.36TB used 20.00MB path /dev/sdd1 Btrfs Btrfs v0.19 # EDIT: It turns out that the filesystem isn't mountable: # mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt/big2 mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdd1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so # So, why did the mkfs fail, and is there any workaround?

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  • How Hacker Can Access VPS CentOS 6 content?

    - by user2118559
    Just want to understand. Please, correct mistakes and write advices Hacker can access to VPS: 1. Through (using) console terminal, for example, using PuTTY. To access, hacker need to know port number, username and password. Port number hacker can know scanning open ports and try to login. The only way to login as I understand need to know username and password. To block (make more difficult) port scanning, need to use iptables configure /etc/sysconfig/iptables. I followed this https://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-setup-a-basic-ip-tables-configuration-on-centos-6 tutorial and got *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [87:4524] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [77:4713] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [77:4713] COMMIT *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [2358:200388] :INPUT ACCEPT [2358:200388] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [2638:477779] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [2638:477779] COMMIT *filter :INPUT DROP [1:40] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [339:56132] -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG NONE -j DROP -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp ! --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -m state --state NEW -j DROP -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG -j DROP -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 110 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -s 11.111.11.111/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -s 11.111.11.111/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT COMMIT Regarding ports that need to be opened. If does not use ssl, then seems must leave open port 80 for website. Then for ssh (default 22) and for ftp (default 21). And set ip address, from which can connect. So if hacker uses other ip address, he can not access even knowing username and password? Regarding emails not sure. If I send email, using Gmail (Send mail as: (Use Gmail to send from your other email addresses)), then port 25 not necessary. For incoming emails at dynadot.com I use Email Forwarding. Does it mean that emails “does not arrive to VPS” (before arriving to VPS, emails are forwarded, for example to Gmail)? If emails does not arrive to VPS, then seems port 110 also not necessary. If use only ssl, must open port 443 and close port 80. Do not understand regarding port 3306 In PuTTY with /bin/netstat -lnp see Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 992/mysqld As understand it is for mysql. But does not remember that I have opened such port (may be when installed mysql, the port is opened automatically?). Mysql is installed on the same server, where all other content. Need to understand regarding port 3306 2. Also hacker may be able access console terminal through VPS hosting provider Control Panel (serial console emergency access). As understand only using console terminal (PuTTY, etc.) can make “global” changes (changes that can not modify with ftp). 3. Hacker can access to my VPS exploiting some hole in my php code and uploading, for example, Trojan. Unfortunately, faced situation that VPS was hacked. As understand it was because I used ZPanel. On VPS ( \etc\zpanel\panel\bin) ) found one php file, that was identified as Trojan by some virus scanners (at virustotal.com). Experimented with the file on local computer (wamp). And appears that hacker can see all content of VPS, rename, delete, upload etc. From my opinion, if in PuTTY use command like chattr +i /etc/php.ini then hacker could not be able to modify php.ini. Is there any other way to get into VPS?

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