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  • Does FP mess up your OOP skills?

    - by bonomo
    I've been learning functional programming in Haskell and F# for awhile and now when I got some skills it gets harder for me to think in OOP way and program in C# and JavaScript. Everything seems to be ass-backwards there with classes, interfaces, objects and I often stare at the screen trying to think of a better way around without using them. This is something that scares me, because I didn't have problems like that before (not knowing that the same stuff can be done in a different way). So I am concerned as I don't want to loose myself as a OOP developer, because this is what I do for living. Is it a normal thing? Shall I rather stop doing FP? How did you manage to cope with it?

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  • Moving the jBullet collision body to with the player object

    - by Kenneth Bray
    I am trying to update the location of the rigid body for a player class, as my player moves around I would like the collision body to also move with the player object (currently represented as a cube). Below is my current update method for when I want to update the xyz coords, but I am pretty sure I am not able to update the origin coords? : public void Update(float pX, float pY, float pZ) { posX = pX; posY = pY; posZ = pZ; //update the playerCube transform for the rigid body cubeTransform.origin.x = posX; cubeTransform.origin.y = posY; cubeTransform.origin.z = posZ; cubeRigidBody.getMotionState().setWorldTransform(cubeTransform); processTransformMatrix(cubeTransform); } I do not have rotation updated, as I do not actually want/need the player body to rotate at all currently. However, in the final game this will me put in place.

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  • What books/references are recommended on the subject of planning and developing efficient web sites [closed]

    - by Shakil
    Once I visited a site containing videos; a well-known web developer creating a site from scratch via planning(paper, software), management, designing then development. I bookmarked the site but unable to find it now. My question is : How to do web-development effectively? What books or videos are recommended ???(I tried google but unable to find useful books or videos). I want to learn how people does it. Can you share resources(books, videos, links) about this... Thanks in advance.. Note: I created a job site for my university project. It gave me huge pain. Thats why I want to learn efficient way. I know html, css, javascript, jquery, php[learning(mvc and framework not yet completed)], phpmyadmin.

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  • Can the Abstract Factory pattern be considered as a case of polymorphism?

    - by rogcg
    I was looking for a pattern/solution that allows me call a method as a runtime exception in a group of different methods without using Reflection. I've recently become aware of the Abstract Factory Pattern. To me, it looks so much like polymorphism, and I thought it could be a case of polymorphism but without the super class WidgetFactory, as you can see in the example of the link above. Am I correct in this assumption?

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  • Function keys and Hot are switched

    - by Brian
    I recently got a new laptop and installed 12.10 on it. I noticed right away that the "hot keys" on the F keys didn't always do what was pictured and also I noticed that the "hot keys" and the function keys were reversed. e.g. to close a window I have to hit alt-fn-F2 instead of just alt-F2. This is pretty annoying because I've been using the same keyboard shortcuts for years and I don't really want to have to re-learn them. I would also like to switch what the hot keys do, for example the F3 key is pictured as increase screen brightness but it really puts the computer to sleep. I would like to change this back to increase the brightness I looked in keyboard shortcuts settings but these options are not in there. I also downloaded gconf-editor but was unable to find where to change the shortcuts on it. (they weren't at apps \ metacity \ keybinding_commands like others described) any help would be greatly appreciated

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  • A better alternative to incompatible implementations for the same interface?

    - by glenatron
    I am working on a piece of code which performs a set task in several parallel environments where the behaviour of the different components in the task are similar but quite different. This means that my implementations are quite different but they are all based on the relationships between the same interfaces, something like this: IDataReader -> ContinuousDataReader -> ChunkedDataReader IDataProcessor -> ContinuousDataProcessor -> ChunkedDataProcessor IDataWriter -> ContinuousDataWriter -> ChunkedDataWriter So that in either environment we have an IDataReader, IDataProcessor and IDataWriter and then we can use Dependency Injection to ensure that we have the correct one of each for the current environment, so if we are working with data in chunks we use the ChunkedDataReader, ChunkedDataProcessor and ChunkedDataWriter and if we have continuous data we have the continuous versions. However the behaviour of these classes is quite different internally and one could certainly not go from a ContinuousDataReader to the ChunkedDataReader even though they are both IDataProcessors. This feels to me as though it is incorrect ( possibly an LSP violation? ) and certainly not a theoretically correct way of working. It is almost as though the "real" interface here is the combination of all three classes. Unfortunately in the project I am working on with the deadlines we are working to, we're pretty much stuck with this design, but if we had a little more elbow room, what would be a better design approach in this kind of scenario?

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  • Class Versus Struct

    - by Prometheus87
    In C++ and other influenced languages there is a construct called Structure (struct) and we all know the class. Both are capable of holding functions and variables. some differences are 1. Class is given memory in heap and struct is given memory in stack 2. in class variable are private by default and in struct thy are public My question is that struct was somehow abandoned for Class. Why? other that abstraction, a struct can do all the same stuff a class does. Then why abandon it?

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  • is 'protected' ever reasonable outside of virtual methods and destructors?

    - by notallama
    so, suppose you have some fields and methods marked protected (non-virtual). presumably, you did this because you didn't mark them public because you don't want some nincompoop to accidentally call them in the wrong order or pass in invalid parameters, or you don't want people to rely on behaviour that you're going to change later. so, why is it okay for that nincompoop to use those fields and methods from a subclass? as far as i can tell, they can still screw up in the same ways, and the same compatibility issues still exist if you change the implementation. the cases for protected i can think of are: non-virtual destructors, so you can't break things by deleting the base class. virtual methods, so you can override 'private' methods called by the base class. constructors in c++. in java/c# marking the class as abstract will do basically the same. any other use cases?

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  • Deleting a game object causing an access violation

    - by Balls
    I tried doing this but it cause an access violation. void GameObjectFactory::Update() { for( std::list<GameObject*>::iterator it=gameObjectList.begin() ..... (*it)->Update(); } void Bomb::Update() { if( time == 2.0f ) { gameObjectFactory->Remove( this ); } } void GameObjectFactory::Remove( ... ) { gameObjectList.remove( ... ); } My thoughts would be to mark the object to be dead then let the factory handle it the on next frame for deletion. Is it the best and fastest way? What do you think?

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  • In PHP, what are the different design patterns to implement OO controllers as opposed to procedural controllers?

    - by Ryan
    For example, it's very straightforward to have an index.php controller be a procedural script like so: <?php //include classes and functions //get some data from the database //and/or process a form submission //render HTML using your template system ?> Then I can just navigate to http://mysite.com/index.php and the above procedural script is essentially acting as a simple controller. Here the controller mechanism is a basic procedural script. How then do you make controllers classes instead of procedural scripts? Must the controller class always be tied to the routing mechanism?

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  • Where should instantiated classes be stored?

    - by Eric C.
    I'm having a bit of a design dilemma here. I'm writing a library that consists of a bunch of template classes that are designed to be used as a base for creating content. For example: public class Template { public string Name {get; set;} public string Description {get; set;} public string Attribute1 {get; set;} public string Attribute2 {get; set;} public Template() { //constructor } public void DoSomething() { //does something } ... } The problem is, not only is the library providing the templates, it will also supply quite a few predefined templates which are instances of these template classes. The question is, where do I put these instances of the templates? The three solutions I've come up with so far are: 1) Provide serialized instances of the templates as files. On the one hand, this solution would keep the instances separated from the library itself, which is nice, but it would also potentially add complexity for the user. Even if we provided methods for loading/deserializing the files, they'd still have to deal with a bunch of files, and some kind of config file so the app knows where to look for those files. Plus, creating the template files would probably require a separate app, so if the user wanted to stick with the files method of storing templates, we'd have to provide some kind of app for creating the template files. Also, this requires external dependencies for testing the templates in the user's code. 2) Add readonly instances to the template class Example: public class Template { public string Name {get; set;} public string Description {get; set;} public string Attribute1 {get; set;} public string Attribute2 {get; set;} public Template PredefinedTemplate { get { Template templateInstance = new Template(); templateInstance.Name = "Some Name"; templateInstance.Description = "A description"; ... return templateInstance; } } public Template() { //constructor } public void DoSomething() { //does something } ... } This method would be convenient for users, as they would be able to access the predefined templates in code directly, and would be able to unit test code that used them. The drawback here is that the predefined templates pollute the Template type namespace with a bunch of extra stuff. I suppose I could put the predefined templates in a different namespace to get around this drawback. The only other problem with this approach is that I'd have to basically duplicate all the namespaces in the library in the predefined namespace (e.g. Templates.SubTemplates and Predefined.Templates.SubTemplates) which would be a pain, and would also make refactoring more difficult. 3) Make the templates abstract classes and make the predefined templates inherit from those classes. For example: public abstract class Template { public string Name {get; set;} public string Description {get; set;} public string Attribute1 {get; set;} public string Attribute2 {get; set;} public Template() { //constructor } public void DoSomething() { //does something } ... } and public class PredefinedTemplate : Template { public PredefinedTemplate() { this.Name = "Some Name"; this.Description = "A description"; this.Attribute1 = "Some Value"; ... } } This solution is pretty similar to #2, but it ends up creating a lot of classes that don't really do anything (none of our predefined templates are currently overriding behavior), and don't have any methods, so I'm not sure how good a practice this is. Has anyone else had any experience with something like this? Is there a best practice of some kind, or a different/better approach that I haven't thought of? I'm kind of banging my head against a wall trying to figure out the best way to go. Thanks!

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  • applyAngularVelocity causes error when called right after object instantiation

    - by Appeltaart
    I'm trying to make a physicsBody rotate as soon as it is instantiated. CCNode* ball = [CCBReader load:@"Ball"]; [ball.physicsBody applyForce:force]; [ball.physicsBody applyAngularImpulse:arc4random_uniform(360) - 180]; Applying force works fine, the last line however throws an error in cpBody.c line 123: cpAssertHard(body->w == body->w && cpfabs(body->w) != INFINITY, "Body's angular velocity is invalid."); When I don't apply force and merely rotate the problem persists. If I send applyAngularImpulse at some later point (in this case on a touch) it does work. Is this function not supposed to be called right after instantiation, or is this a bug?

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  • Semantic coupling vs. large class

    - by user106587
    I have hardware I communicate with via TCP. This hardware accepts ~40 different commands/requests with about 20 different responses. I've created a HardwareProxy class which has a TcpClient to send and receive data. I didn't like the idea of having 40 different methods to send the commands/requests, so I started down the path of having a single SendCommand method which takes an ICommand and returns an IResponse, this results in 40 different SpecificCommand classes. The problem is this requires semantic coupling, i.e. the method that invokes SendCommand receives an IResponse which it has to downcast to SpecificResponse, I use a future map which I believe ensures the appropriate SpecificResponse, but I get the impression this code smells. Besides the semantic coupling, ICommand and IResponse are essentially empty abstract classes (Marker Interfaces) and this seems suspicious to me. If I go with the 40 methods I don't think I have broken the single responisbility principle as the responsibility of the HardwareProxy class is to act as the hardware, which has all of these commands. This route is just ugly, plus I'd like to have Asynchronous versions, so there'd be about 80 methods. Is it better to bite the bullet and have a large class, accept the coupling and MarkerInterfaces for a smaller soultuion, or am I missing a better way? Thanks.

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  • How to Point sprite's direction towards Mouse or an Object [duplicate]

    - by Irfan Dahir
    This question already has an answer here: Rotating To Face a Point 1 answer I need some help with rotating sprites towards the mouse. I'm currently using the library allegro 5.XX. The rotation of the sprite works but it's constantly inaccurate. It's always a few angles off from the mouse to the left. Can anyone please help me with this? Thank you. P.S I got help with the rotating function from here: http://www.gamefromscratch.com/post/2012/11/18/GameDev-math-recipes-Rotating-to-face-a-point.aspx Although it's by javascript, the maths function is the same. And also, by placing: if(angle < 0) { angle = 360 - (-angle); } doesn't fix it. The Code: #include <allegro5\allegro.h> #include <allegro5\allegro_image.h> #include "math.h" int main(void) { int width = 640; int height = 480; bool exit = false; int shipW = 0; int shipH = 0; ALLEGRO_DISPLAY *display = NULL; ALLEGRO_EVENT_QUEUE *event_queue = NULL; ALLEGRO_BITMAP *ship = NULL; if(!al_init()) return -1; display = al_create_display(width, height); if(!display) return -1; al_install_keyboard(); al_install_mouse(); al_init_image_addon(); al_set_new_bitmap_flags(ALLEGRO_MIN_LINEAR | ALLEGRO_MAG_LINEAR); //smoother rotate ship = al_load_bitmap("ship.bmp"); shipH = al_get_bitmap_height(ship); shipW = al_get_bitmap_width(ship); int shipx = width/2 - shipW/2; int shipy = height/2 - shipH/2; int mx = width/2; int my = height/2; al_set_mouse_xy(display, mx, my); event_queue = al_create_event_queue(); al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_mouse_event_source()); al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_keyboard_event_source()); //al_hide_mouse_cursor(display); float angle; while(!exit) { ALLEGRO_EVENT ev; al_wait_for_event(event_queue, &ev); if(ev.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP) { switch(ev.keyboard.keycode) { case ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE: exit = true; break; /*case ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT: degree -= 10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT: degree += 10; break;*/ case ALLEGRO_KEY_W: shipy -=10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_S: shipy +=10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_A: shipx -=10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_D: shipx += 10; break; } }else if(ev.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_AXES) { mx = ev.mouse.x; my = ev.mouse.y; angle = atan2(my - shipy, mx - shipx); } // al_draw_bitmap(ship,shipx, shipy, 0); //al_draw_rotated_bitmap(ship, shipW/2, shipH/2, shipx, shipy, degree * 3.142/180,0); al_draw_rotated_bitmap(ship, shipW/2, shipH/2, shipx, shipy,angle, 0); //I directly placed the angle because the allegro library calculates radians, and if i multiplied it by 180/3. 142 the rotation would go hawire, not would, it actually did. al_flip_display(); al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0,0,0)); } al_destroy_bitmap(ship); al_destroy_event_queue(event_queue); al_destroy_display(display); return 0; } EDIT: This was marked duplicate by a moderator. I'd like to say that this isn't the same as that. I'm a total beginner at game programming, I had a view at that other topic and I had difficulty understanding it. Please understand this, thank you. :/ Also, while I was making a print of what the angle is I got this... Here is a screenshot:http://img34.imageshack.us/img34/7396/fzuq.jpg Which is weird because aren't angles supposed to be 360 degrees only?

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  • Cookie access within a HTTP Class

    - by James Jeffery
    I have a HTTP class that has a Get, and Post, method. It's a simple class I created to encapsulate Post and Get requests so I don't have to repeat the get/post code throughout the application. In C#: class HTTP { private CookieContainer cookieJar; private String userAgent = "..."; public HTTP() { this.cookieJar = new CookieContainer(); } public String get(String url) { // Make get request. Return the JSON } public String post(String url, String postData) { // Make post request. Return the JSON } } I've made the CookieJar a property because I want to preserve the cookie values throughout the session. If the user is logged into Twitter with my application, each request I make (be it get or post) I want to use the cookies so they remain logged in. That's the basics of it anyway. But, I don't want to return a string in all instances. Sometimes I may want the cookie, or a header value, or something else from the request. Ideally I'd like to be able to do this in my code: Cookie cookie = http.get("http://google.com").cookie("g_user"); String g_user = cookie.value; or String source = http.get("http://google.com").body; My question - To do this, would I need to have a Get class, and a Post class, that are included within the HTTP class and are accessible via accessors? Within the Get and Post class I would then have the Cookie method, and the body property, and whatever else is needed. Should I also use an interface, or create a Request class and have Post and Get extend it so that common methods and properties are available to both classes? Or, am I thinking totally wrong?

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  • Class design for calling "the same method" on different classes from one place

    - by betatester07
    Let me introduce my situation: I have Java EE application and in one package, I want to have classes which will act primarily as cache for some data from database, for example: class that will hold all articles for our website class that will hold all categories etc. Every class should have some update() method, which will update data for that class from database and also some other methods for data manipulation specific for that data type. Now, I would like to call update() method for all class instances (there will be exactly one class instance for every class) from one place. What is the best design?

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  • Subscribe/Publish Model in Web-based Application (c#) - Best Practices for Event Handlers

    - by KingOfHypocrites
    I was recently exposed to a desktop application that uses an publish/subscribe model to handle commands, events, etc. I can't seem to find any good examples of using this in a web application, so I wonder if I am off base in trying to use this for web based development (on the server side)? I'm using asp.net c#. My main question in regards to the design is: When using a publish/subscribe model, is it better to have generic commands/events that pass no parameters and then have the subscribers look at static context objects that contain the data relevant to the event? Or is it better to create custom arguments for every event that contain data related to the event? The whole concept of a global container seems so convenient but at the same time seems to break encapsulation. Any thoughts or best practices from anyone who has implemented this type of model in a web based application? Even suggestions on this model out of the scope of my question are appreciated.

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  • What are startups expecting when they ask you to solve a programming challenge before interviewing? [closed]

    - by Swapnil Tailor
    I have applied to couple of startups and most of them are asking to solve programming challenge before they start on the interviewing candidate. I have submitted couple of the solutions and all the time getting rejected in the initial screening. Now what I think is, they will see my coding style, algorithm and OOD concepts that I have used to solve the problem. Can you guys input more on it as what other details are taken into consideration and how can I improve my coding for getting selected. By the way, I did all my coding in either Java/Perl. EDIT I feel the biggest reason for rejection is code didn't work for couple of use cases.

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  • alt + tab not working properly

    - by Ankit
    alt + tab functionality has suddenly started misbehaving. it's showing only desktop and the current active app instead of all the applications opened. For eg currently, opened applications are firefox and terminal but when i press alt+tab i can see either "desktop + firefox" or "desktop + terminal" depending upon whether the current active application is browser or terminal. I have not installed any update. Please help.

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  • Rotate object Up/Down/Left/Right in any orientation

    - by George Duckett
    I'm rendering model at the origin with a fixed camera looking at it positioned on the z axis. I want to be able to rotate the model up/down and left/right. Currently I have 2 variables, HorizontalRotation and VerticalRotation. When calculating the world matrix I rotate about the Y axis by HorizontalRotation and about the X axis by VerticalRotation. The ..Rotation variables are controlled by pressing up/down/left/right arrow keys. The problem I'm having is that the rotations are happening relative to the object. Lets say it's a model of the world. Pressing Up a bit would let me look at the north pole. Currently when i press right the earth spins infront of the camera on its axis; I'm still looking at the north pole. How can i get it so that no matter what rotations are currently applied i can always rotate my model relative to the camera/world axis?

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  • Read an object from compressed file generated from ActionScript 3

    - by Last Chance
    I have made a simple game Map Editor and I want to save a array that contain map tile info to a file, as below: var arr:Array = [.....2d tile info in it...]; var ba:ByteArray = new ByteArray(); ba.writeObject(arr); ba.compress(); var file:File = new File(); file.save(ba); I had successfully saved a compressed object to a file. Now the problem is my server side need to read this file and decompress the array out from the file, then convert it to a Python list. Is that possible?

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  • read object from compressed file that generate from actionscript3

    - by Last Chance
    I have made a simple game Map Editor, and I want to save a array that contain map tile info to a file, as below: var arr:Array = [.....2d tile info in it...]; var ba:ByteArray = new ByteArray(); ba.writeObject(arr); ba.compress(); var file:File = new File(); file.save(ba); now I had successful save a compressed object to a file. now the problem is my server side need to read this file and decompress get the arr out from file, then convert it as python list. is that prossible?

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  • Is avoiding the private access specifier in PHP justified?

    - by Tifa
    I come from a Java background and I have been working with PHP for almost a year now. I have worked with WordPress, Zend and currently I'm using CakePHP. I was going through Cake's lib and I couldn't help notice that Cake goes a long way avoiding the "private" access specifier. Cake says Try to avoid private methods or variables, though, in favor of protected ones. The latter can be accessed or modified by subclasses, whereas private ones prevent extension or re-use. in this tutorial. Why does Cake overly shun the "private" access specifier while good OO design encourages its use i.e to apply the most restrictive visibility for a class member that is not intended to be part of its exported API? I'm willing to believe that "private" functions are difficult test, but is rest of the convention justified outside Cake? or perhaps it's just a Cake convention of OO design geared towards extensibility at the expense of being a stickler for stringent (or traditional?) OO design?

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  • Dump an arbitrary object To Html String

    - by Michael Freidgeim
    For debugging purposes me and my collegue wanted to dump details of the arbitrary object, and created function that uses LINQPad Dump functionality (thanks to http://stackoverflow.com/a/6035014/52277 and original http://linqpad.uservoice.com/forums/18302-linqpad-feature-suggestions/suggestions/447166-make-dump-extension-method-available-in-visual-s discussion)    public static string DumpToHtmlString<T>(this T objectToSerialize)        {            string strHTML = "";            try            {                var writer = LINQPad.Util.CreateXhtmlWriter(true);                writer.Write(objectToSerialize);                strHTML = writer.ToString();            }            catch (Exception exc)            {                Debug.Assert(false, "Investigate why ?" + exc);            }            return strHTML;        }You will need to add the linqpad executable as a reference in your project.TO DO similar in plain text ,look at https://github.com/ServiceStack/ServiceStack.Text StringExtensions , e.g. JsonSerializer/CsvSerializer or http://objectdumper.codeplex.com/

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  • Structuring cascading properties - parent only or parent + entire child graph?

    - by SB2055
    I have a Folder entity that can be Moderated by users. Folders can contain other folders. So I may have a structure like this: Folder 1 Folder 2 Folder 3 Folder 4 I have to decide how to implement Moderation for this entity. I've come up with two options: Option 1 When the user is given moderation privileges to Folder 1, define a moderator relationship between Folder 1 and User 1. No other relationships are added to the db. To determine if the user can moderate Folder 3, I check and see if User 1 is the moderator of any parent folders. This seems to alleviate some of the complexity of handling updates / moved entities / additions under Folder 1 after the relationship has been defined, and reverting the relationship means I only have to deal with one entity. Option 2 When the user is given moderation privileges to Folder 1, define a new relationship between User 1 and Folder 1, and all child entities down to the grandest of grandchildren when the relationship is created, and if it's ever removed, iterate back down the graph to remove the relationship. If I add something under Folder 2 after this relationship has been made, I just copy all Moderators into the new Entity. But when I need to show only the top-level Folders that a user is Moderating, I need to query all folders that have a parent folder that the user does not moderate, as opposed to option 1, where I just query any items that the user is moderating. I think it comes down to determining if users will be querying for all parent items more than they'll be querying child items... if so, then option 1 seems better. But I'm not sure. Is either approach better than the other? Why? Or is there another approach that's better than both? I'm using Entity Framework in case it matters.

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