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  • Improving method to read signed 8-bit integers from hexadecimal.

    - by JYelton
    Scenario: I have a string of hexadecimal characters which encode 8-bit signed integers. Each two characters represent a byte which employ the leftmost (MSB) bit as the sign (rather than two's complement). I am converting these to signed ints within a loop and wondered if there's a better way to do it. There are too many conversions and I am sure there's a more efficient method that I am missing. Current Code: string strData = "FFC000407F"; // example input data, encodes: -127, -64, 0, 64, 127 int v; for (int x = 0; x < strData.Length/2; x++) { v = HexToInt(strData.Substring(x * 2, 2)); Console.WriteLine(v); // do stuff with v } private int HexToInt(string _hexData) { string strBinary = Convert.ToString(Convert.ToInt32(_hexData, 16), 2).PadLeft(_hexData.Length * 4, '0'); int i = Convert.ToInt32(strBinary.Substring(1, 7), 2); i = (strBinary.Substring(0, 1) == "0" ? i : -i); return i; } Question: Is there a more streamlined and direct approach to reading two hex characters and converting them to an int when they represent a signed int (-127 to 127) using the leftmost bit as the sign?

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  • Beginner learning assembly preserving esp after function calls

    - by Daniel
    I'm a beginner learning some assembly, when preserving the ESP register before a function call does it matter if you do it by adding or subtracting? hard to explain, consider the following mov esi, esp sub esp, 12 // on 32bit OS this would mean that there are 3 arguments to the function // push, function call etc cmp esi, esp // should be the same or mov esi, esp // push, function call etc add esp, 12 cmp esi, esp // should be the same Also if for some reason the cmp fails, is it safe to do mov esp, esi to re-align the stack? Thanks EDIT: Also how come i need to do this for a call like sprintf, but MessageBox seems to fix ESP for me? How am i to know what function needs this and what doesn't?

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  • conversion of assembly

    - by lego69
    hello, can somebody please explain is it possible to convert this snippet of the code to assembly of pdp11? movq %rdi, -8(%rbp) movl %esi, -12(%rbp) movl %edx, -16(%rbp) movl -16(%rbp), %eax cltq leaq 0(,%rax,4), %rdi movq -8(%rbp), %r8 movl -12(%rbp), %eax cltq leaq 0(,%rax,4), %rcx movq -8(%rbp), %rsi movl -16(%rbp), %eax cltq leaq 0(,%rax,4), %rdx movq -8(%rbp), %rax movl (%rdx,%rax), %eax addl (%rcx,%rsi), %eax movl %eax, (%rdi,%r8) movl -12(%rbp), %eax cltq leaq 0(,%rax,4), %rdi movq -8(%rbp), %r8 movl -16(%rbp), %eax cltq leaq 0(,%rax,4), %rcx movq -8(%rbp), %rsi movl -12(%rbp), %eax cltq leaq 0(,%rax,4), %rdx movq -8(%rbp), %rax movl (%rdx,%rax), %edx movl (%rcx,%rsi), %eax subl %edx, %eax movl %eax, (%rdi,%r8) movl -16(%rbp), %eax cltq leaq 0(,%rax,4), %rdi movq -8(%rbp), %r8 movl -16(%rbp), %eax cltq leaq 0(,%rax,4), %rcx movq -8(%rbp), %rsi movl -12(%rbp), %eax cltq leaq 0(,%rax,4), %rdx movq -8(%rbp), %rax movl (%rdx,%rax), %edx movl (%rcx,%rsi), %eax subl %edx, %eax movl %eax, (%rdi,%r8) leave ret it is only small part of all code that I have...

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  • Test assembly code on a mac

    - by happyCoding25
    Hello, A while back I was following some tutorials an assembly. I was running it all on a windows machine, compiling with NASM and then writing the compiled code to a floppy disk, then reboot and try the code. This process was long and time consuming and sadly was not on a mac. When I found out that Xcode for mac installed NASM I immediately tried to compile some code. The code compiled fine. The issue is testing it. On a mac I have no floppy (not like I want to use one) so Im not sure how to test this. I looked in to Q (kju) and found it would only emulate things on an ISO file. So I guess what Im asking is is it possible to install the compiled code on an ISO file for testing? (Note: the code when compiled forms a .bin file) Thanks for any help

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  • Stack / base pointers in assembly

    - by flyingcrab
    I know this topic has been covered ad-naseum here, and other places on the internet - but hopefully the question is a simple one as I try to get my head around assembly... So if i understand correctly the ebp (base pointer) will point to the top of the stack, and the esp (stack pointer) will point to the bottom -- since the stack grows downward. esp therefore points to the 'current location'. So on a function call, once you've saved the ebp on the stack you insert a new stack frame - for the function. So in the case of the image below, if you started from N-3 you would go to N-2 with a function call. But when you are at N-2 - is your ebp == 25 and the esp == 24 (at least initially, before any data is placed on the stack)? Is this correct or am I of on a tangent here? Thanks!

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  • Operand size conflict in x86 Assembly??

    - by Mark V.
    I'm a novice programmer who is attempting assembly for the first time. Sorry in advance if this is an incredibly lame question. I have a character stored in the EAX register, but I need to move it to my DL register. When I try: mov dl, eax I get an error C2443: operand size conflict. I know that the eax register is 32 bit while the dl is 8 bit... am I on to something?? How do I go about solving this.

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  • "Could not load file or assembly" error on trying to access auxillary assemblies from COM

    - by Codex
    We have the project structure as follows: COMExposedCCW.dll -refers- BusinessLayer.dll -refers- Utils.dll COMExposedCCW.dll -refers- Utils.dll The COMExposedCCW.dll has been registered for COM interop. From the COM application{Excel} we can successfully create the CCW object and access its properties, but when we try to invoke methods that refer to the Business/Utils layer, it throws an exception that the file or assembly{Business/Utils} could not be found. The Business/Utils dlls are present in the same folder as the CCW. On copying the Business/Utils to the COM application directory it works fine. I've tried the following: Set "HintPath/" in the CCW project I dont want to dynamically load the assemblies using Reflection {there should be a more elegant solution} Thanks in advance.

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  • Using an array in embedded x86 assembly??

    - by Mark V.
    Hey all I have a method (C++) that returns a character and takes an array of characters as its parameters. I'm messing with assembly for the first time and just trying to return the first character of the array in the dl register. Here's what I have so far: char returnFirstChar(char arrayOfLetters[]) { char max; __asm { push eax push ebx push ecx push edx mov dl, 0 mov eax, arrayOfLetters[0] xor edx, edx mov dl, al mov max, dl pop edx pop ecx pop ebx pop eax } return max; } For some reason this method returns a ? Any idea whats going on? Thanks

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  • from C to assembly

    - by lego69
    how can I get assembly code from C program I used this recommendation and I use something like this -c -fmessage-length=0 -O2 -S in Eclipse, but I've got an error, thanks in advance for any help I have this error **** Internal Builder is used for build **** gcc -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -O2 -S -oatam.o ..\atam.c gcc -oatam.exe atam.o D:\technion\2sem\matam\eclipse\eclipse\mingw\bin\..\lib\gcc\mingw32\3.4.5\..\..\..\..\mingw32\bin\ld.exe:atam.o: file format not recognized; treating as linker script D:\technion\2sem\matam\eclipse\eclipse\mingw\bin\..\lib\gcc\mingw32\3.4.5\..\..\..\..\mingw32\bin\ld.exe:atam.o:1: syntax error collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Build error occurred, build is stopped Time consumed: 281 ms.

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  • Declaring local variables in assembly

    - by dcmoebius
    Is it possible to allocate locally-scoped memory in assembly? For example, consider the following (completely contrived) situation: I have two macros, one of which is dependent on the other. The first is: minimum MACRO dest, num1, num2 ; Finds the minimum of two unsigned numbers, stores the result in dest And the second is: tripMin MACRO dest, num1, num2, num3 ; Finds the minimum of three unsigned numbers, stores the result in dest minimum firstMin, num1, num2 minimum secondMin, num2, num3 minimum dest, firstMin, secondMin (I know that this isn't a realistic example for a variety of reasons, but bear with me.) Assuming that all the registers are otherwise occupied, is there any way to declare firstMin and secondMin locally within the macro? Or am I just better off freeing a register by pushing its value onto the stack and popping it back when I'm done?

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  • Assembly Jump conditionals -- jae vs. jbe

    - by Raven Dreamer
    Hi, all! I'm working on an assembly program (intel 8086). I'm trying to determine whether an input character (stored in dl) is within a certain range of hex values. cmp dl, 2Eh ;checks for periods je print ;jumps to print a "." input cmp dl, 7Ah ;checks for outside of wanted range jae input ; returns to top Please confirm that this is a correct interpretation of my code: step 1: if dl = 2E, goto print Step 2: if dl = 7A is false, goto input [if dl < 7A, goto input]

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  • Segmentation Fault when using "mov" in Assembly

    - by quithakay207
    I am working on a simple assembly program for a class, and am encountering an odd segmentation fault. It's a pretty simple program to convert bytes into kilobytes. However, within the function that does the conversion, I get a segmentation fault when I try to move the value 1024 into the ebx register. I've never had this kind of problem before when working with registers. Does someone know what could be causing this? I imagine it is something simple that I'm overlooking. Thank you! asm_main: enter 0,0 pusha mov eax, 0 mov ebx, 0 call read_int push eax call functionA popa mov leave ret functionA: mov eax, [esp + 4] call print_int call print_nl mov ebx, 1024 ;segmentation fault occurs here div ebx call print_int ret UPDATE: One interesting discovery is that if I delete the lines interacting with the stack, push eax and mov eax, [esp + 4], there is no longer a segmentation fault. However, I get a crazy result in eax after performing div ebx.

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  • Getting sign of an integer in Assembly

    - by Sagekilla
    Hi all, I'm writing some assembly for a project using MASM (32-bit), and I was wondering what would be the easiest way to do this: int delta = A - B; int value = floor((delta + sign(delta)) / 2); Which is basically the following mapping: For 1 < A < 9, and B = 5: A = [1, 2] -> -2 A = [3, 4] -> -1 A = [5] -> 0 A = [6, 7] -> +1 A = [8, 9] -> +1 Any help is much appreciated!

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  • Windows API calls from assembly while minimizing program size

    - by takteek
    I'm trying to write a program in assembly and make the resulting executable as small as possible. Some of what I'm doing requires windows API calls to functions such as WriteProcessMemory. I've had some success with calling these functions, but after compiling and linking, my program comes out in the range of 14-15 KB. (From a source of less than 1 KB) I was hoping for much, much less than that. I'm very new to doing low level things like this so I don't really know what would need to be done to make the program smaller. I understand that the exe format itself takes up quite a bit of space. Can anything be done to minimize that? I should mention that I'm using NASM and GCC but I can easily change if that would help.

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  • x86 assembly question

    - by kevin
    This is my assembly program which is just a function to swap *x *y. So first argument from main is address of x which is in 8(%ebp) and second one is address of y is in 12(%ebp). The program does swap x and y. I need 7 lines for doing this. can you make it 6 lines and there is a condition you can use only %eax, %ecx, and %edx 3 registers. I think about it so much, but I can't make it 6 lines. There must be a way, isn't it? This might be not a big deal, but if there is a way to get it in 6lines I want to know. movl 8(%ebp), %eax movl (%eax), %ecx movl 12(%ebp), %edx movl (%edx), %eax movl %ecx, (%edx) movl 8(%ebp), %ecx movl %eax, (%ecx)

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  • How do you use printf from Assembly?

    - by bobobobo
    I have an MSVC++ project set up to compile and run assembly code. In main.c: #include <stdio.h> void go() ; int main() { go() ; // call the asm routine } In go.asm: .586 .model flat, c .code go PROC invoke puts,"hi" RET go ENDP end But when I compile and run, I get an error in go.asm: error A2006: undefined symbol : puts How do I define the symbols in <stdio.h> for the .asm files in the project?

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  • Beginner assembly programming memory usage question

    - by Daniel
    I've been getting into some assembly lately and its fun as it challenges everything i have learned. I was wondering if i could ask a few questions When running an executable, does the entire executable get loaded into memory? From a bit of fiddling i've found that constants aren't really constants? Is it just a compiler thing? const int i = 5; _asm { mov i, 0 } // i is now 0 and compiles fine So are all variables assigned with a constant value embedded into the file as well? Meaning: int a = 1; const int b = 2; void something() { const int c = 3; int d = 4; } Will i find all of these variables embedded in the file (in a hex editor or something)? If the executable is loaded into memory then "constants" are technically using memory? I've read around on the net people saying that constants don't use memory, is this true?

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  • How to: Inline assembler in C++ (under Visual Studio 2010)

    - by toxic shock
    I'm writing a performance-critical, number-crunching C++ project where 70% of the time is used by the 200 line core module. I'd like to optimize the core using inline assembly, but I'm completely new to this. I do, however, know some x86 assembly languages including the one used by GCC and NASM. All I know: I have to put the assembler instructions in _asm{} where I want them to be. Problem: I have no clue where to start. What is in which register at the moment my inline assembly comes into play?

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  • Using different versions of the same assembly.

    - by AngryHacker
    I have a project where I simultaneously must use reports built in ActiveReports 2 and ActiveReports 6. Overall, it works ok, but some of the helper assemblies use the same name. For instance, to be able to export to PDF, both versions use an assembly called ActiveReports.PdfExport.dll. The corresponding assemblies are different, of course. Note that I don't access the ActiveReports.PdfExport.dll directly - this is handled by the ActiveReports runtime. I can't find a way to include both of them into the project. Is there a way? Is GAC the answer?

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  • Problem with increment in inline ARM assembly

    - by tech74
    Hi , i have the following bit of inline ARM assembly, it works in a debug build but crashes in a release build of iphone sdk 3.1. The problem is the add instructions where i am incrementing the address of the C variables output and x by 4 bytes, this is supposed to increment by the size of a float. I think when i increment at some such stage i am overwriting something, can anyone say which is the best way to handle this Thanks C code that the asm is replacing, sum,output and x are all floats for(int i = 0; i< count; i++) sum+= output[i]* (*x++) asm volatile( ".align 4 \n\t" "mov r4,%3 \n\t" "flds s0,[%0] \n\t" "0: \n\t" "flds s1,[%2] \n\t" //"add %3,%3,#4 \n\t" "flds s2,[%1] \n\t" //"add %2,%2,#4 \n\t" "subs r4,r4, #1 \n\t" "fmacs s0, s1, s2 \n\t" "bne 0b \n\t" "fsts s0,[%0] \n\t" : : "r" (&sum), "r" (output), "r" (x),"r" (count) : "r0","r4","cc", "memory", "s0","s1","s2" );

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  • Assembly Resolver ignores PrivateBinPath

    - by user472875
    I have an assembly I would like to load from a sub-folder of the appbase. I set that sub-folder in the PrivateBinPath during AppDomain creation. The issue is that I have another version of the same DLL in the appbase. From the way it looks, the resolver detects the wrong version first, says that there is a mismatch and stops. As a result the correct version (located in the sub-folder) never gets loaded. I have tested this by removing those DLLs in the appbase and it fixed the problem. Is there any way to force the search even if the wrong version is found?

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  • just x86 assembly question~~!!

    - by kevin
    this is my assembly program which is just a function to swap *x *y. so first argument from main is address of x which is in 8(%ebp) and second one is address of y is in 12(%ebp). the program does swap x and y. I need 7 lines for doing this. can you make it 6 lines and there is a condition you can use only %eax,%ecx, and %edx 3 registers. I think about it so much.. but.. I can't make it 6 lines...there must be a way.. isn't it? this might be not a big deal.. but if there is a way to get it in 6lines. I want to know.. if you know the way~ help me~ plz~ thank you and have a good and nice day~ movl 8(%ebp), %eax movl (%eax), %ecx movl 12(%ebp), %edx movl (%edx), %eax movl %ecx, (%edx) movl 8(%ebp), %ecx movl %eax, (%ecx)

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  • C/C++ function definitions without assembly

    - by Jack
    Hi, I always thought that functions like printf() are in the last step defined using inline assembly. That deep into stdio.h is burried some asm code that actually tells CPU what to do. Something like in dos, first mov bagining of the string to some memory location or register and than call some int. But since x64 version of Visual Studio doesent support inline assembler at all, it made me think that there are really no assembler-defined functions in C/C++. So, please, how is for example printf() defined in C/C++ without using assembler code? What actually executes the right software interrupt? Thanks.

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  • Run time behavior of .NET referenced assembly not existing.

    - by M3NTA7
    Microsoft .NET Framework Assembly A Assembly B Contains Class C - References Assembly A Contains Class D - Does not reference Assembly A, Does not reference Class C Questions: During runtime if Assembly A DLL does not exist, will Class D be able to execute successfully? Where as Class C will fail with a reference error?

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  • Using Visual Studio 2008 to Assemble, Link, Debug, and Execute MASM 6.11 Assembly Code

    - by Kreychek
    I would like to use Visual Studio 2008 to the greatest extent possible while effectively compiling/linking/building/etc code as if all these build processes were being done by the tools provided with MASM 6.11. The exact version of MASM does not matter, so long as it's within the 6.x range, as that is what my college is using to teach 16-bit assembly. I have done some research on the subject and have come to the conclusion that there are several options: Reconfigure VS to call the MASM 6.11 executables with the same flags, etc as MASM 6.11 would natively do. Create intermediary batch file(s) to be called by VS to then invoke the proper commands for MASM's linker, etc. Reconfigure VS's built-in build tools/rules (assembler, linker, etc) to provide an environment identical to the one used by MASM 6.11. Option (2) was brought up when I realized that the options available in VS's "External Tools" interface may be insufficient to correctly invoke MASM's build tools, thus a batch file to interpret VS's strict method of passing arguments might be helpful, as a lot of my learning about how to get this working involved my manually calling ML.exe, LINK.exe, etc from the command prompt. Below are several links that may prove useful in answering my question. Please keep in mind that I have read them all and none are the actual solution. I can only hope my specifying MASM 6.11 doesn't prevent anyone from contributing a perhaps more generalized answer. Similar method used to Option (2), but users on the thread are not contactable: http://www.codeguru.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-284051.html (also, I have my doubts about the necessity of an intermediary batch file) Out of date explanation to my question: http://www.cs.fiu.edu/~downeyt/cop3402/masmaul.html Probably the closest thing I've come to a definitive solution, but refers to a suite of tools from something besides MASM, also uses a batch file: http://www.kipirvine.com/asm/gettingStarted/index.htm#16-bit I apologize if my terminology for the tools used in each step of the code - exe process is off, but since I'm trying to reproduce the entirety of steps in between completion of writing the code and generating an executable, I don't think it matters much.

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