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  • Nullable types and ?? operator C# [en-US]

    - by ruimachado
    Nullable types vs Non-nullable types   While developing our C# projects its frequent the null comparison operation to avoid null exceptions. This simple operation is mainly coded using the "var x = null" code example inside an if clause. However not all types of variables are nullable, which means that setting a variable to null is not allowed in every cases, it depends on what kind of type are you defining. But what if there was an extension to your non-nullable type that would convert your variable types to nullable? This extension really exists. As I said before in C# you have nullable types which represent all the values of an underlying type, and an additional null value and can be declared easily using "T?", where T is the type of the variable and for example the normal int type cannot be null, so its a non-nullable type, however if you define a "int?" your variable can be null, what you do is convert a non-nullable type to a nullable type. Example: int x=null;     Not allowed     int? x=null;   Allowed     While using nullable types you can check if a variable is null the same way you do it with nullable types:     But what about setting a default value when a certain variable is null?   In this cases the c# .net framework let you set a default value when you try to assign a nullable type to a non-nullable type, using the ?? operator. If you don't use this operator you can still catch the InvalidOperationException which is throw in this cases. For example  without the ?? operator :     Using the ?? operator your code becomes cleaner and more easy to read and you get a bonus, you can set a default value for multiple variables using the ?? in a chain set.     That’s it,   Thanks, Rui Machado rpmachado.wordpress.com

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  • ??????????? - Java SE Embedded 8

    - by kshimizu-Oracle
    Java?OS??????1?????????????????????????????????3?????????????? HEAP: Java????????????????????????????????? NON-HEAP: NON-HEAP????JVM???????????????????Code Cache?Metaspace???2????????????? Code Cache: ????JIT??????????????????????????? Metaspace: HEAP??????????????????????????   JavaVM??????????: VM?????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? HEAP?Java Mission Control???????????????????? (????)? ????Java SE?????????????API????????????????????????????????????? Mission Control?????API?????????????????????????????????API??????????????? HEAP???????????? VM????????"-Xmx"???????????????? java.lang.Runtime.maxMemory(); ?????HEAP????????? ?????VM????????"-Xms"? ????????????? "-Xms"???????"-Xmx"?????????? java.lang.Runtime.totalMemory(); ???????????HEAP????????????? java.lang.Runtime.freeMemory(); ??NON-HEAP???????????? API??????????? Java Mission Control?????????? ????????????Java Mission Control??????????????????????? ????"NON_HEAP"?????????NON-HEAP?????? ???? HEAP????NON-HEAP?????????????? Java VM???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????HEAP/NON-HEAP?????????????????????????? OS?????????????? Linux???????procfs?Java??????????????????? (VmHWM or VmRSS) ????? ????HEAP/NON-HEAP??????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????JVM?????????????????? ?????????????????JVM???????????????????? ???JVM?????? ????????????? Embedded??JVM?????????? ??Embedded???Oracle JVM??????CPU????????????????????????????????????????? ??????CPU??????????????????????????????????????? Minimal/Client/Server??JVM???????????????? ????JVM??????????????????? ??????Compact????????????????? ? 2 - 3?????? Concept Guide (http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/embedded/embedded-concepts/basic-concepts.htm) ???????? ??JVM??????????? ????????????????????? -Xms: ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? -Xmx: ??????????? -XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize: Code Cache??????? ?) JIT??????????????Code Cache????????????0???????? -Xint: JIT??????????? ????????????? JIT?????????????????????? ????????????????? -Xss: ???????????????????? ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? -XX:CompileThreshold: JIT?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????? ?????????????????? Code Cache?????????? ?????????? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????

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  • ERROR: Can't find the archive-keyring

    - by 23tux
    I'm trying to upgrade my Debian Lenny to Squeeze. I've replaced the word lenny to squeeze in sources.list and ran apt-get clean apt-get update apt-get dist-upgrade But after a while, I get this error Preconfiguring packages ... Setting up debian-archive-keyring (2010.08.28) ... ERROR: Can't find the archive-keyring Is the ubuntu-keyring package installed? dpkg: error processing debian-archive-keyring (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: debian-archive-keyring E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) So I tried to install apt-get -f install debian-archive-keyring and I got the same error. Then I tried to install apt-get -f install ubuntu-keyring and I got this error: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package ubuntu-keyring is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source E: Package ubuntu-keyring has no installation candidate Maybe I have the wrong sources in my sources.list: deb ftp://mirror.hetzner.de/debian/packages squeeze main contrib non-free deb ftp://mirror.hetzner.de/debian/security squeeze/updates main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main non-free contrib deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main non-free contrib deb http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free Hope anyone can help me, thx, tux

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  • BOINC error code -1200 when opening...

    - by Erik Vold
    I installed boinc 6.10.21 on my macosx 10.5 in order to upgrade from a 6.6 version that I was running today, and I am the admin user, and I was logged in as the admin user. As I was installing 6.10.21 I was asked if non admin users should be allowed to use boinc, and I said 'yes' to this. Then when I tried to open boinc I got a message like the following: "You currently are not authorized to manage the client. Either re-install and allow non-admin users or contact your administrator to add you to the 'boinc_master' user group." So I tried to reinstall first, and I was not asked if non admin users should be allowed to use boinc.. so I retried a few times and got no different result.. So I downloaded 6.10.43 and installed that, and again I was not asked if non admin users should be allowed to use boinc.. and when I tried to run boinc I got the same message like: "You currently are not authorized to manage the client. Either re-install and allow non-admin users or contact your administrator to add you to the 'boinc_master' user group." So I did a google search trying to figure out how to add my admin user to the bonic_master user group and found this which suggested I run the following in terminal: "sudo dscl . -append /Groups/boinc_master GroupMembership <your user's short name> CR" So I did this and now I get the following error: BOINC ownership or permissions are not set properly; please reinstall BOINC (Error code -1200) So I reinstall and I am ever asked the question about allowing non admin users again, and I still get this error message every after every reinstall attempt.. What should I do?..

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  • Firefox and Chrome keeps forcing HTTPS on Rails app using nginx/Passenger

    - by Steve
    I've got a really weird problem here where every time I try to browse my Rails app in non-SSL mode Chrome (v16) and Firefox (v7) keeps forcing my website to be served in HTTPS. My Rails application is deployed on a Ubuntu VPS using Capistrano, nginx, Passenger and a wildcard SSL certificate. I have set these parameters for port 80 in the nginx.conf: passenger_set_cgi_param HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO http; passenger_set_cgi_param HTTPS off; The long version of my nginx.conf can be found here: https://gist.github.com/2eab42666c609b015bff The ssl-redirect.include file contains: rewrite ^/sign_up https://$host$request_uri? permanent ; rewrite ^/login https://$host$request_uri? permanent ; rewrite ^/settings/password https://$host$request_uri? permanent ; It is to make sure those three pages use HTTPS when coming from non-SSL request. My production.rb file contains this line: # Enable HTTP and HTTPS in parallel config.middleware.insert_before Rack::Lock, Rack::SSL, :exclude => proc { |env| env['HTTPS'] != 'on' } I have tried redirecting to HTTP via nginx rewrites, Ruby on Rails redirects and also used Rails view url using HTTP protocol. My application.rb file contains this methods used in a before_filter hook: def force_http if Rails.env.production? if request.ssl? redirect_to :protocol => 'http', :status => :moved_permanently end end end Every time I try to redirect to HTTP non-SSL the browser attempts to redirect it back to HTTPS causing an infinite redirect loop. Safari, however, works just fine. Even when I've disabled serving SSL in nginx the browsers still try to connect to the site using HTTPS. I should also mention that when I pushed my app on to Heroku, the Rails redirect work just fine for all browsers. The reason why I want to use non-SSL is that my homepage contains non-secure dynamic embedded objects and a non-secure CDN and I want to prevent security warnings. I don't know what is causing the browser to keep forcing HTTPS requests.

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  • Boinc permissions problem on OS X

    - by Erik Vold
    I installed boinc 6.10.21 on my OS X 10.5 in order to upgrade from a 6.6 version that I was running today, and I am the admin user, and I was logged in as the admin user. As I was installing 6.10.21 I was asked if non admin users should be allowed to use Boinc, and I said 'yes' to this. Then when I tried to open Boinc I got a message like the following: "You currently are not authorized to manage the client. Either re-install and allow non-admin users or contact your administrator to add you to the 'boinc_master' user group." So I tried to reinstall first, and I was not asked if non admin users should be allowed to use Boinc.. so I retried a few times and got no different result.. So I downloaded 6.10.43 and installed that, and again I was not asked if non admin users should be allowed to use boinc.. and when I tried to run Boinc I got the same message like: "You currently are not authorized to manage the client. Either re-install and allow non-admin users or contact your administrator to add you to the 'boinc_master' user group." So I did a Google search trying to figure out how to add my admin user to the bonic_master user group and found this which suggested I run the following in terminal: "sudo dscl . -append /Groups/boinc_master GroupMembership <your user's short name> CR" So I did this and now I get the following error: BOINC ownership or permissions are not set properly; please reinstall BOINC (Error code -1200) So I reinstall and I am ever asked the question about allowing non admin users again, and I still get this error message every after every reinstall attempt.. What should I do?..

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  • update from debian lenny to squeeze

    - by Daniel
    I'm trying to update from debian lenny to squeeze on my 64bit root server and did the following so far: modifying sources.list apt-get update apt-get upgrade apt-get install linux-image-2.6-amd64 The last step leads to the following error-output: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: linux-image-2.6-amd64: Depends: linux-image-2.6.32-5-amd64 but it is not going to be installed E: Broken packages UPDATE: here's my sources.list deb ftp://mirror.hetzner.de/debian/packages squeeze main contrib non-free deb ftp://mirror.hetzner.de/debian/security squeeze/updates main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian squeeze main non-free contrib deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian squeeze main non-free contrib deb http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free How can I fix that safely? thx

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  • SSH login very slow on OS X Leopard

    - by acjohnson55
    My SSH sessions take a very long time to initiate. This applies for logins with and without passwords, interactive and non-interactive. I have tried setting 'GSSAPIAuthentication no' and 'IPQoS 0x00' on the client side, and 'UseDNS no' on the server side, but no dice. I'm really stumped and frustrated. The worst part is that it SFTP takes forever to establish connections too, making file transfer much longer than it would be otherwise. I thought the problem might be something with PAM, because of where the hang is in the sshd log below, so I tried commenting out each line one-by-one in the /etc/pam.d/sshd file. Some caused login to be impossible, some had no apparent effect. I can't really tell if PAM is stalling for other services, but I can say that su'ing into my account from another account with 'su -l' has no apparent delay. I tried creating a new user account, just to see if there was something wrong with my existing account, and the same problem persisted. Any ideas of what's going on? On the client side, the most verbose mode outputs (redacted where reasonable): OpenSSH_5.9p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data ... debug1: ... line 1: Applying options for ... debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 20: Applying options for * debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 53: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to ... [x.x.x.x] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug3: Incorrect RSA1 identifier debug3: Could not load "/.../.ssh/id_dsa" as a RSA1 public key debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.2 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.2 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.9 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "..." from file "/.../.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa,[email protected],[email protected],ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 136/256 debug2: bits set: 523/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA ... debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "..." from file "/.../.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "x.x.x.x" from file "/.../.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug1: Host '...' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug2: bits set: 492/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /.../.ssh/id_dsa (0x7f8b7b41d6c0) debug2: key: /.../.ssh/id_rsa (0x0) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug3: preferred publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering DSA public key: /.../.ssh/id_dsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-dss blen 434 debug2: input_userauth_pk_ok: fp ... debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: DSA ... debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). Authenticated to ... ([x.x.x.x]:22). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0 debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. ****** Hangs here ****** debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY debug2: channel 0: request pty-req confirm 1 debug1: Sending environment. debug3: Ignored env TERM_PROGRAM debug3: Ignored env SHELL debug3: Ignored env TERM debug3: Ignored env TMPDIR debug3: Ignored env Apple_PubSub_Socket_Render debug3: Ignored env TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION debug3: Ignored env TERM_SESSION_ID debug3: Ignored env USER debug3: Ignored env COMMAND_MODE debug3: Ignored env SSH_AUTH_SOCK debug3: Ignored env Apple_Ubiquity_Message debug3: Ignored env __CF_USER_TEXT_ENCODING debug3: Ignored env PATH debug3: Ignored env MKL_NUM_THREADS debug3: Ignored env PWD debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8 debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0 debug3: Ignored env HOME debug3: Ignored env SHLVL debug3: Ignored env DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH debug3: Ignored env PYTHONPATH debug3: Ignored env LOGNAME debug3: Ignored env DISPLAY debug3: Ignored env SECURITYSESSIONID debug3: Ignored env _ debug2: channel 0: request shell confirm 1 debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768 debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: PTY allocation request accepted on channel 0 debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 2097152 debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: shell request accepted on channel 0 On the server side, the debug output looks like: Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 3, 4 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Connection from x.x.x.x port 52758 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Current Session ID is 56AC0FB0 / Session Attributes are 00008000 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Running in inetd mode in a non-root session... assuming inetd created the session for us. Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version OpenSSH_5.9 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.9 pat OpenSSH* Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Checking with Service ACLs for ssh login restrictions Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: call to mbr_user_name_to_uuid with <...> suceeded to retrieve user_uuid Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Call to mbr_check_service_membership failed with status <0> Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: PAM: initializing for "..." Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "x.x.x.x" Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Failed none for ... from x.x.x.x port 52758 ssh2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: fd 5 clearing O_NONBLOCK Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: matching key found: file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2, line 1 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Found matching DSA key: ... Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: fd 5 clearing O_NONBLOCK Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: matching key found: file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2, line 1 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Found matching DSA key: ... Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: ssh_dss_verify: signature correct Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: do_pam_account: called Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Accepted publickey for ... from x.x.x.x port 52758 ssh2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: monitor_child_preauth: ... has been authenticated by privileged process Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: PAM: establishing credentials ***** Hangs here ***** Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31435]: User child is on pid 31654 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: PAM: establishing credentials Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: permanently_set_uid: 509/20 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2. Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_init_dispatch_20 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 1048576 max 16384 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: input_session_request Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: channel 0: new [server-session] Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_new: session 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_open: channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: Allocating pty. Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: session_new: session 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/ttys008 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request shell reply 1 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req shell Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31655]: debug1: Setting controlling tty using TIOCSCTTY.

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  • SSH into remote server using Public-private keys

    - by maria
    Hi, I have recently setup ssh on two linux machines (lets call them server-a, client-b). I have generated two ssh auth files on client-b machine using ssh key gen and can see both public and private files in .ssh dir. I have named them 'example' and 'example.pub'. Then I have added example.pub to sever-a's auth file. When I try to ssh into server-a it still requests a password authentication where as I want a password less login (private key on client-b is setup without password). When I try to ssh with '-v' .. get the following output: debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/abc/.ssh/identity debug1: Offering public key: /Users/abc/.ssh/id_rsa debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Offering public key: /Users/abc/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive debug2: userauth_kbdint debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply debug2: input_userauth_info_req debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1 Password: Please help.

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  • Password-less login into localhost

    - by Brad
    I am trying to setup password-less login into my localhost because it's required for a tutorial. I went through the normal steps of generating an rsa key and appending the public key to authorized_keys but I am still prompted for a password. I've also enabled RSAAuthentication and PubKeyAuthentication in /etc/ssh_config. Following other suggestions I've seen, I tried: chmod go-w ~/ chmod 700 ~/.ssh chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys But the problem persists. Here is the output from ssh -v localhost: (tutorial)bnels21-2:tutorial bnels21$ ssh -v localhost OpenSSH_5.9p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 20: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to localhost [::1] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/bnels21/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /Users/bnels21/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/bnels21/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/bnels21/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.9 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.9 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.9 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA 1c:31:0e:56:93:45:dc:f0:77:6c:bd:90:27:3b:c6:43 debug1: Host 'localhost' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/bnels21/.ssh/known_hosts:11 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /Users/bnels21/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Offering RSA public key: id_rsa3 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Trying private key: /Users/bnels21/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive Password: Any suggestions? I'm running OSX 10.8.

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  • SSH Keys Authentication keeps asking for password

    - by Rhyuk
    Im trying to set access from ServerA(SunOS) to ServerB(Some custom Linux with Keyboard Interactive login) with SSH Keys. As a proof of concept I was able to do it between 2 virtual machines. Now in my real life scenario it isnt working. I created the keys in ServerA, copied them to ServerB, chmod'd .ssh folders to 700 on both ServerA,B. Here is the log of what I get. debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: Peer sent proposed langtags, ctos: debug1: Peer sent proposed langtags, stoc: debug1: We proposed langtags, ctos: en-US debug1: We proposed langtags, stoc: en-US debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 125/256 debug1: bits set: 1039/2048 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host 'XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /XXX/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug1: bits set: 1061/2048 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: newkeys: mode 1 debug1: set_newkeys: setting new keys for 'out' mode debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: newkeys: mode 0 debug1: set_newkeys: setting new keys for 'in' mode debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: done: ssh_kex2. debug1: send SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST debug1: got SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /XXXX/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying public key: /xxx/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Trying private key: /xxx/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive Password: Password: ServerB has pretty limited actions since its a custom propietary linux. What could be happening? EDIT WITH ANSWER: Problem was that I didnt have those settings enabled in the sshd_config (Refer to accepted answer) AND that while pasting the key from ServerA to ServerB it would interpret the key as 3 separate lines. What I did was, in case you cant use ssh-copy-id like I couldnt. Paste the first line of your key in your "ServerB" authorized_keys file WITHOUT the last 2 characters, then type yourself the missing characters from line 1 and the first one from line 2, this will prevent adding a "new line" between the first and second line of the key. Repeat with the 3d line.

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  • Customer Engagement: Are Your Customers Engaged With Your Brands?

    - by Michael Snow
    Engaging Customers is Critical for Business Growth This week we'll be spending some time looking at Customer Engagement. We all have stories about how we try to engage our customers better than ever before.  We all know that successfully engaging customers is critical to an organization’s business success. We also know that engaging our customers is more challenging today than ever before. There is so much noise to compete with for getting anyone's attention. Over the last decade and a half we’ve watched as the online channel became a primary one for conducting our business and even managing our lives. And during this whole process or evolution, the customer journey has grown increasingly complex. Customers themselves have assumed increasing power and influence over the purchase process and for setting the tone and pace of the relationships they have with brands and you see the evidence of this in the really high expectations that customers have today. They expect brand experiences that are personalized and relevant -- In other words they want experiences that demonstrate that the brand understands their interests, preferences and past interactions with them. They also expect their experience with a brand and the community surrounding it to be social and interactive – it’s no longer acceptable to have a static, one-way dialogue with your customer base or to fail to connect your customers with fellow customers, or with your employees and partners. And on top of all this, customers expect us to deliver this rich and engaging, personalized and interactive experience, in a consistent way across a variety of channels including web, mobile and social channels or even offline venues such as in-store or via a call center. And as a result, we see that delivery on these expectations and successfully engaging your customers is a great challenge today. Customers expect a personal, engaging and consistent online customer experience. Today’s consumer expects to engage with your brand and the community surrounding it in an interactive and social way. Customers have come to expect a lot for the online customer experience.  ·        They expect it to be personal: o   Accessible:  - Regardless of my device  Via my existing online identities  o   Relevant:  Content that interests me  o   Customized:  To be able to tailor my online experience  ·        They expect it to be engaging: o   Social:  So I can share content with my social networks  o   Intuitive:  To easily find what I need   o   Interactive:  So I can interact with online communities And they expect it to be consistent across the online experience – so you better have your brand and information ducks in a row. These expectations are not only limited to your customers by any means. Your employees (and partners) are also expecting to be empowered with engagement tools across their internal and external communications and interactions with customers, partners and other employees. We had a great conversation with Ted Schadler from Forrester Research entitled: "Mobile is the New Face of Engagement" that is now available On-Demand. Take a look at all the webcasts available to watch from our Social Business Thought Leader Series. Social capabilities have become so pervasive and changed customers’ expectations for their online experiences. The days of one-direction communication with customers are at an end. Today’s customers expect to engage in a dialogue with your brand and the community surrounding it in an interactive and social way. You have at a very short window of opportunity to engage a customer before they go to another site in their pursuit of information, product, or services. In fact, customers who engage with brands via social media tend to spend more that customers who don’t, between 20% and 40% more.  And your customers are also increasingly influenced by their social networks too – 40% of consumers say they factor in Facebook recommendations when making purchasing decisions.  This means a few different things for today’s businesses. Incorporating forms of social interaction such as commenting or reviews as well as tightly integrating your online experience with your customers’ social networking experiences into the online customer experience are crucial for maintaining the eyeballs on your desired pages. --- Notes/Sources: 93% - Cone Finds that Americans Expect Companies to Have a Presence in Social Media - http://www.coneinc.com/content1182 40% of consumers factor in Facebook recommendations when making decisions about purchasing (Increasing Campaign Effectiveness with Social Media, Syncapse, March 2011) 20%-40% - Customers who engage with a company via social media spend this percentage more with that company than other customers (Source: Bain & Company Report – Putting Social Media to Work)

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  • Can a Highcharts range selector use non-date linear ranges?

    - by Simon
    I am using the HighStock JS lib to produce a chart that uses a linear series (not a time-series) for the xAxis. I'd still like to use the range-selector in order to zoom to pre-determined ranges within my linear series. Is this possible? For example; say my xAxis has a series: [[121,616],[122,600],[123,605],[124,585.5],[125,575.5],[126,580.5],[127,582],[128,582],[129,584],[130,583]] I'd like to use the range selector to zoom to the last n in the series.

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  • How can I eager-load a child collection mapped to a non-primary key in NHibernate 2.1.2?

    - by David Rubin
    Hi, I have two objects with a many-to-many relationship between them, as follows: public class LeftHandSide { public LeftHandSide() { Name = String.Empty; Rights = new HashSet<RightHandSide>(); } public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public ICollection<RightHandSide> Rights { get; set; } } public class RightHandSide { public RightHandSide() { OtherProp = String.Empty; Lefts = new HashSet<LeftHandSide>(); } public int Id { get; set; } public string OtherProp { get; set; } public ICollection<LeftHandSide> Lefts { get; set; } } and I'm using a legacy database, so my mappings look like: Notice that LeftHandSide and RightHandSide are associated by a different column than RightHandSide's primary key. <class name="LeftHandSide" table="[dbo].[lefts]" lazy="false"> <id name="Id" column="ID" unsaved-value="0"> <generator class="identity" /> </id> <property name="Name" not-null="true" /> <set name="Rights" table="[dbo].[lefts2rights]"> <key column="leftId" /> <!-- THIS IS THE IMPORTANT BIT: I MUST USE PROPERTY-REF --> <many-to-many class="RightHandSide" column="rightProp" property-ref="OtherProp" /> </set> </class> <class name="RightHandSide" table="[dbo].[rights]" lazy="false"> <id name="Id" column="id" unsaved-value="0"> <generator class="identity" /> </id> <property name="OtherProp" column="otherProp" /> <set name="Lefts" table="[dbo].[lefts2rights]"> <!-- THIS IS THE IMPORTANT BIT: I MUST USE PROPERTY-REF --> <key column="rightProp" property-ref="OtherProp" /> <many-to-many class="LeftHandSide" column="leftId" /> </set> </class> The problem comes when I go to do a query: LeftHandSide lhs = _session.CreateCriteria<LeftHandSide>() .Add(Expression.IdEq(13)) .UniqueResult<LeftHandSide>(); works just fine. But LeftHandSide lhs = _session.CreateCriteria<LeftHandSide>() .Add(Expression.IdEq(13)) .SetFetchMode("Rights", FetchMode.Join) .UniqueResult<LeftHandSide>(); throws an exception (see below). Interestingly, RightHandSide rhs = _session.CreateCriteria<RightHandSide>() .Add(Expression.IdEq(127)) .SetFetchMode("Lefts", FetchMode.Join) .UniqueResult<RightHandSide>(); seems to be perfectly fine as well. NHibernate.Exceptions.GenericADOException Message: Error performing LoadByUniqueKey[SQL: SQL not available] Source: NHibernate StackTrace: c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Type\EntityType.cs(563,0): at NHibernate.Type.EntityType.LoadByUniqueKey(String entityName, String uniqueKeyPropertyName, Object key, ISessionImplementor session) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Type\EntityType.cs(428,0): at NHibernate.Type.EntityType.ResolveIdentifier(Object value, ISessionImplementor session, Object owner) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Type\EntityType.cs(300,0): at NHibernate.Type.EntityType.NullSafeGet(IDataReader rs, String[] names, ISessionImplementor session, Object owner) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Persister\Collection\AbstractCollectionPersister.cs(695,0): at NHibernate.Persister.Collection.AbstractCollectionPersister.ReadElement(IDataReader rs, Object owner, String[] aliases, ISessionImplementor session) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Collection\Generic\PersistentGenericSet.cs(54,0): at NHibernate.Collection.Generic.PersistentGenericSet`1.ReadFrom(IDataReader rs, ICollectionPersister role, ICollectionAliases descriptor, Object owner) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Loader\Loader.cs(706,0): at NHibernate.Loader.Loader.ReadCollectionElement(Object optionalOwner, Object optionalKey, ICollectionPersister persister, ICollectionAliases descriptor, IDataReader rs, ISessionImplementor session) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Loader\Loader.cs(385,0): at NHibernate.Loader.Loader.ReadCollectionElements(Object[] row, IDataReader resultSet, ISessionImplementor session) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Loader\Loader.cs(326,0): at NHibernate.Loader.Loader.GetRowFromResultSet(IDataReader resultSet, ISessionImplementor session, QueryParameters queryParameters, LockMode[] lockModeArray, EntityKey optionalObjectKey, IList hydratedObjects, EntityKey[] keys, Boolean returnProxies) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Loader\Loader.cs(453,0): at NHibernate.Loader.Loader.DoQuery(ISessionImplementor session, QueryParameters queryParameters, Boolean returnProxies) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Loader\Loader.cs(236,0): at NHibernate.Loader.Loader.DoQueryAndInitializeNonLazyCollections(ISessionImplementor session, QueryParameters queryParameters, Boolean returnProxies) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Loader\Loader.cs(1649,0): at NHibernate.Loader.Loader.DoList(ISessionImplementor session, QueryParameters queryParameters) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Loader\Loader.cs(1568,0): at NHibernate.Loader.Loader.ListIgnoreQueryCache(ISessionImplementor session, QueryParameters queryParameters) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Loader\Loader.cs(1562,0): at NHibernate.Loader.Loader.List(ISessionImplementor session, QueryParameters queryParameters, ISet`1 querySpaces, IType[] resultTypes) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Loader\Criteria\CriteriaLoader.cs(73,0): at NHibernate.Loader.Criteria.CriteriaLoader.List(ISessionImplementor session) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Impl\SessionImpl.cs(1936,0): at NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl.List(CriteriaImpl criteria, IList results) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Impl\CriteriaImpl.cs(246,0): at NHibernate.Impl.CriteriaImpl.List(IList results) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Impl\CriteriaImpl.cs(237,0): at NHibernate.Impl.CriteriaImpl.List() c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Impl\CriteriaImpl.cs(398,0): at NHibernate.Impl.CriteriaImpl.UniqueResult() c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Impl\CriteriaImpl.cs(263,0): at NHibernate.Impl.CriteriaImpl.UniqueResult[T]() D:\proj\CMS3\branches\nh_auth\DomainModel2Tests\Authorization\TempTests.cs(46,0): at CMS.DomainModel.Authorization.TempTests.Test1() Inner Exception System.Collections.Generic.KeyNotFoundException Message: The given key was not present in the dictionary. Source: mscorlib StackTrace: at System.ThrowHelper.ThrowKeyNotFoundException() at System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2.get_Item(TKey key) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Persister\Entity\AbstractEntityPersister.cs(2047,0): at NHibernate.Persister.Entity.AbstractEntityPersister.GetAppropriateUniqueKeyLoader(String propertyName, IDictionary`2 enabledFilters) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Persister\Entity\AbstractEntityPersister.cs(2037,0): at NHibernate.Persister.Entity.AbstractEntityPersister.LoadByUniqueKey(String propertyName, Object uniqueKey, ISessionImplementor session) c:\opt\nhibernate\2.1.2\source\src\NHibernate\Type\EntityType.cs(552,0): at NHibernate.Type.EntityType.LoadByUniqueKey(String entityName, String uniqueKeyPropertyName, Object key, ISessionImplementor session) I'm using NHibernate 2.1.2 and I've been debugging into the NHibernate source, but I'm coming up empty. Any suggestions? Thanks so much!

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  • Is there a non-unique-key sorted list generic collection in C#?

    - by kdt
    I'm a bit surprised by System.Collections.Generic.SortedList, in that It requires me to use <key, value> instead of <value>(comparer) It only allows on entry per value These seem quirky in the way I want to use it (although I'm sure they're just right for other situations). Is there another collection that doesn't have these two characteristics?

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  • How to play non buffered .wav with MediaStreamSource implementation in Silverlight 4?

    - by kyrisu
    Background I'm trying to stream a wave file in Silverlight 4 using MediaStreamSource implementation found here. The problem is I want to play the file while it's still buffering, or at least give user some visual feedback while it's buffering. For now my code looks like that: private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(new Uri(App.Current.Host.Source, "../test.wav")); //request.ContentType = "audio/x-wav"; request.AllowReadStreamBuffering = false; request.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback(RequestCallback), request); } private void RequestCallback(IAsyncResult ar) { this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(delegate() { HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)ar.AsyncState; HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.EndGetResponse(ar); WaveMediaStreamSource wavMss = new WaveMediaStreamSource(response.GetResponseStream()); try { me.SetSource(wavMss); } catch (InvalidOperationException) { // This file is not valid } me.Play(); }); } The problem is that after settings request.AllowREadStreamBuffer to false the stream does not support seeking and the above mentioned implementation throws an exception (keep in mind I've put some of the position setting logic into if(stream.CanSeek) block): Read is not supported on the main thread when buffering is disabled Question Is there a way to play wav stream without buffering it in advance?

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  • What's the best name for a non-mutating "add" method on an immutable collection?

    - by Jon Skeet
    Sorry for the waffly title - if I could come up with a concise title, I wouldn't have to ask the question. Suppose I have an immutable list type. It has an operation Foo(x) which returns a new immutable list with the specified argument as an extra element at the end. So to build up a list of strings with values "Hello", "immutable", "world" you could write: var empty = new ImmutableList<string>(); var list1 = empty.Foo("Hello"); var list2 = list1.Foo("immutable"); var list3 = list2.Foo("word"); (This is C# code, and I'm most interested in a C# suggestion if you feel the language is important. It's not fundamentally a language question, but the idioms of the language may be important.) The important thing is that the existing lists are not altered by Foo - so empty.Count would still return 0. Another (more idiomatic) way of getting to the end result would be: var list = new ImmutableList<string>().Foo("Hello"); .Foo("immutable"); .Foo("word"); My question is: what's the best name for Foo? EDIT 3: As I reveal later on, the name of the type might not actually be ImmutableList<T>, which makes the position clear. Imagine instead that it's TestSuite and that it's immutable because the whole of the framework it's a part of is immutable... (End of edit 3) Options I've come up with so far: Add: common in .NET, but implies mutation of the original list Cons: I believe this is the normal name in functional languages, but meaningless to those without experience in such languages Plus: my favourite so far, it doesn't imply mutation to me. Apparently this is also used in Haskell but with slightly different expectations (a Haskell programmer might expect it to add two lists together rather than adding a single value to the other list). With: consistent with some other immutable conventions, but doesn't have quite the same "additionness" to it IMO. And: not very descriptive. Operator overload for + : I really don't like this much; I generally think operators should only be applied to lower level types. I'm willing to be persuaded though! The criteria I'm using for choosing are: Gives the correct impression of the result of the method call (i.e. that it's the original list with an extra element) Makes it as clear as possible that it doesn't mutate the existing list Sounds reasonable when chained together as in the second example above Please ask for more details if I'm not making myself clear enough... EDIT 1: Here's my reasoning for preferring Plus to Add. Consider these two lines of code: list.Add(foo); list.Plus(foo); In my view (and this is a personal thing) the latter is clearly buggy - it's like writing "x + 5;" as a statement on its own. The first line looks like it's okay, until you remember that it's immutable. In fact, the way that the plus operator on its own doesn't mutate its operands is another reason why Plus is my favourite. Without the slight ickiness of operator overloading, it still gives the same connotations, which include (for me) not mutating the operands (or method target in this case). EDIT 2: Reasons for not liking Add. Various answers are effectively: "Go with Add. That's what DateTime does, and String has Replace methods etc which don't make the immutability obvious." I agree - there's precedence here. However, I've seen plenty of people call DateTime.Add or String.Replace and expect mutation. There are loads of newsgroup questions (and probably SO ones if I dig around) which are answered by "You're ignoring the return value of String.Replace; strings are immutable, a new string gets returned." Now, I should reveal a subtlety to the question - the type might not actually be an immutable list, but a different immutable type. In particular, I'm working on a benchmarking framework where you add tests to a suite, and that creates a new suite. It might be obvious that: var list = new ImmutableList<string>(); list.Add("foo"); isn't going to accomplish anything, but it becomes a lot murkier when you change it to: var suite = new TestSuite<string, int>(); suite.Add(x => x.Length); That looks like it should be okay. Whereas this, to me, makes the mistake clearer: var suite = new TestSuite<string, int>(); suite.Plus(x => x.Length); That's just begging to be: var suite = new TestSuite<string, int>().Plus(x => x.Length); Ideally, I would like my users not to have to be told that the test suite is immutable. I want them to fall into the pit of success. This may not be possible, but I'd like to try. I apologise for over-simplifying the original question by talking only about an immutable list type. Not all collections are quite as self-descriptive as ImmutableList<T> :)

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  • How to make custom WCF error handler return JSON response with non-OK http code?

    - by John
    I'm implementing a RESTful web service using WCF and the WebHttpBinding. Currently I'm working on the error handling logic, implementing a custom error handler (IErrorHandler); the aim is to have it catch any uncaught exceptions thrown by operations and then return a JSON error object (including say an error code and error message - e.g. { "errorCode": 123, "errorMessage": "bla" }) back to the browser user along with an an HTTP code such as BadRequest, InteralServerError or whatever (anything other than 'OK' really). Here is the code I am using inside the ProvideFault method of my error handler: fault = Message.CreateMessage(version, "", errorObject, new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(ErrorMessage))); var wbf = new WebBodyFormatMessageProperty(WebContentFormat.Json); fault.Properties.Add(WebBodyFormatMessageProperty.Name, wbf); var rmp = new HttpResponseMessageProperty(); rmp.StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError; rmp.Headers.Add(HttpRequestHeader.ContentType, "application/json"); fault.Properties.Add(HttpResponseMessageProperty.Name, rmp); -- This returns with Content-Type: application/json, however the status code is 'OK' instead of 'InternalServerError'. fault = Message.CreateMessage(version, "", errorObject, new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(ErrorMessage))); var wbf = new WebBodyFormatMessageProperty(WebContentFormat.Json); fault.Properties.Add(WebBodyFormatMessageProperty.Name, wbf); var rmp = new HttpResponseMessageProperty(); rmp.StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError; //rmp.Headers.Add(HttpRequestHeader.ContentType, "application/json"); fault.Properties.Add(HttpResponseMessageProperty.Name, rmp); -- This returns with the correct status code, however the content-type is now XML. fault = Message.CreateMessage(version, "", errorObject, new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(ErrorMessage))); var wbf = new WebBodyFormatMessageProperty(WebContentFormat.Json); fault.Properties.Add(WebBodyFormatMessageProperty.Name, wbf); var response = WebOperationContext.Current.OutgoingResponse; response.ContentType = "application/json"; response.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError; -- This returns with the correct status code and the correct content-type! The problem is that the http body now has the text 'Failed to load source for: http://localhost:7000/bla..' instead of the actual JSON data.. Any ideas? I'm considering using the last approach and just sticking the JSON in the HTTP StatusMessage header field instead of in the body, but this doesn't seem quite as nice?

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  • How to animate an non-closed path with CAShapeLayer?

    - by mystify
    On GitHub you can find an example for CAShapeLayer which animates an path. It animates a pentagon turning into a star. First: This works only in the iPhone simulator. OS 3.0 on the device shows serious bugs with this code. But I can't find anything wrong in there. However, I tried to animate an path which is not closed. To put it simply: A few straight lines. Is there anything special I must do to get this work properly on the device? - (void)loadView { UIView *appView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]]; appView.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor]; self.view = appView; [appView release]; rootLayer = [CALayer layer]; rootLayer.frame = self.view.bounds; [self.view.layer addSublayer:rootLayer]; //Pentagon Path pentagonPath = CGPathCreateMutable(); CGPathMoveToPoint(pentagonPath, nil, 10.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(pentagonPath, nil, 100.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(pentagonPath, nil, 110.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(pentagonPath, nil, 120.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(pentagonPath, nil, 130.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(pentagonPath, nil, 310.0f, 270.0f); //CGPathCloseSubpath(pentagonPath); //Star Path starPath = CGPathCreateMutable(); CGPathMoveToPoint(starPath, nil, 10.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(starPath, nil, 100.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(starPath, nil, 210.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(starPath, nil, 220.0f, 260.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(starPath, nil, 230.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(starPath, nil, 310.0f, 270.0f); //CGPathCloseSubpath(starPath); //Create Shape shapeLayer = [CAShapeLayer layer]; //shapeLayer.path = pentagonPath; UIColor *col = [UIColor colorWithWhite:0.9 alpha:1.0]; //shapeLayer.fillColor = col.CGColor; shapeLayer.strokeColor = col.CGColor; shapeLayer.lineWidth = 3.0f; // shapeLayer.contents = [UIImage imageNamed:@"test.png"]; shapeLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd; [rootLayer addSublayer:shapeLayer]; [self performSelector:@selector(startAnimation) withObject:nil afterDelay:1.0]; } -(void)startAnimation { CABasicAnimation *animation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"path"]; animation.duration = 2.0; animation.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut]; animation.repeatCount = 1e100f; animation.autoreverses = YES; animation.fromValue = (id)pentagonPath; animation.toValue = (id)starPath; [shapeLayer addAnimation:animation forKey:@"animatePath"]; } Note this lines, where I just make straight lines with a small peak which is animated: //Pentagon Path pentagonPath = CGPathCreateMutable(); CGPathMoveToPoint(pentagonPath, nil, 10.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(pentagonPath, nil, 100.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(pentagonPath, nil, 110.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(pentagonPath, nil, 120.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(pentagonPath, nil, 130.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(pentagonPath, nil, 310.0f, 270.0f); //CGPathCloseSubpath(pentagonPath); //Star Path starPath = CGPathCreateMutable(); CGPathMoveToPoint(starPath, nil, 10.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(starPath, nil, 100.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(starPath, nil, 210.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(starPath, nil, 220.0f, 260.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(starPath, nil, 230.0f, 270.0f); CGPathAddLineToPoint(starPath, nil, 310.0f, 270.0f); I don't want a closed and filled path, but only simple lines with some color and thickness. The nasty thing on the device is, that the first point seems to move towards the right side of the screen for no reason. On the simulator though, it works perfectly fine. Maybe something is wrong with this setup?

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  • An expression of non-boolean type specified in a context where a condition is expected, near 'END'.

    - by Mike Keller
    So maybe someone can point me in the right direction of what is causing this error? I've been fighting with this for a couple of hours and searching the web, and I can't figure out what I'm doing wrong here. It's included as part of a stored procedure, I don't know if that matters, if it does I can include that as well. Tables and field names have been changed to protect the innocent... meaning my job. Thanks. SELECT /* The fields are here*/ FROM /* my joins are here */ WHERE (Table.Field = stuff) AND (Table.Field2 = otherstuff) AND (Table2.Field3 = someotherstuff) AND CASE @param1 WHEN 0 THEN 'Table.Field IS NULL' WHEN 1 THEN 'Table.Field2 IS NOT NULL' ELSE '' END

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  • What is the proper way to handle non-tracking self tracking entities?

    - by Will
    Self tracking entities. Awesome. Except when you do something like return Db.Users; none of the self-tracking entities are tracking (until, possibly, they are deserialized). Fine. So we have to recognize that there is a possibility that an entity returning to us does not have tracking enabled. Now what??? Things I have tried For the given method body: using (var db = new Database()) { if (update.ChangeTracker.ChangeTrackingEnabled) db.Configurations.ApplyChanges(update); else FigureItOut(update, db); db.SaveChanges(); update.AcceptChanges(); } The following implementations of FigureItOut all fail: db.Configurations.Attach(update); db.DetectChanges(); Nor db.Configurations.Attach(update); db.Configurations.ApplyCurrentValues(update); Nor db.Configurations.Attach(update); db.Configurations.ApplyOriginalValues(update); Nor db.Configurations.Attach(update); db.Configurations.ApplyChanges(update Nor about anything else I can figure to throw at it, other than Getting the original entity from the database Comparing each property by hand Updating properties as needed What, exactly, am I supposed to do with self-tracking entities that aren't tracking themselves??

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  • Linq Query Performance , comparing Compiled query vs Non-Compiled.

    - by AG.
    Hello Guys, I was wondering if i extract the common where clause query into a common expression would it make my query much faster, if i have say something like 10 linq queries on a collection with exact same 1st part of the where clause. I have done a small example to explain a bit more . public class Person { public string First { get; set; } public string Last { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } public String Born { get; set; } public string Living { get; set; } } public sealed class PersonDetails : List<Person> { } PersonDetails d = new PersonDetails(); d.Add(new Person() {Age = 29, Born = "Timbuk Tu", First = "Joe", Last = "Bloggs", Living = "London"}); d.Add(new Person() { Age = 29, Born = "Timbuk Tu", First = "Foo", Last = "Bar", Living = "NewYork" }); Expression<Func<Person, bool>> exp = (a) => a.Age == 29; Func<Person, bool> commonQuery = exp.Compile(); var lx = from y in d where commonQuery.Invoke(y) && y.Living == "London" select y; var bx = from y in d where y.Age == 29 && y.Living == "NewYork" select y; Console.WriteLine("All Details {0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}", lx.Single().Age, lx.Single().First , lx.Single().Last, lx.Single().Living, lx.Single().Born ); Console.WriteLine("All Details {0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}", bx.Single().Age, bx.Single().First, bx.Single().Last, bx.Single().Living, bx.Single().Born); So can some of the guru's here give me some advice if it would be a good practice to write query like var lx = "Linq Expression " or var bx = "Linq Expression" ? Any inputs would be highly appreciated. Thanks, AG

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