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  • How should I declare default values for instance variables in Python?

    - by int3
    Should I give my class members default values like this: class Foo: num = 1 or like this? class Foo: def __init__(self): self.num = 1 In this question I discovered that in both cases, bar = Foo() bar.num += 1 is a well-defined operation. I understand that the first method will give me a class variable while the second one will not. However, if I do not require a class variable, but only need to set a default value for my instance variables, are both methods equally good? Or one of them more 'pythonic' than the other? One thing I've noticed is that in the Django tutorial, they use the second method to declare Models. Personally I think the second method is more elegant, but I'd like to know what the 'standard' way is.

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  • Objective-c class initializer executes multiple times

    - by apisip
    Unless I misunderstood it, this LINK from Apple's documentation clearly states that the class initializer, "+ (void)initialize)", only executes once per class. Here is the excerpt: Special Considerations initialize it is invoked only once per class. If you want to perform independent initialization for the class and for categories of the class, you should implement load methods. However, I'm getting a weird behavior on my project and the initializer is being executed twice. So I have to check if _classContext is null. I only got one class that has this method. What are the possible reasons why this is happening? I'm using XCode 4.5.2 and OS X 10.8.2. I got multiple iOS simulators, iPhone 5.1 and 6.0. + (void) initialize { num++; NSLog([NSString stringWithFormat:@"Times: %i", num]); if(_classContext == nil) _classContext = [[myClass alloc] init]; }

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  • propertyplaceholderconfigurer class name substitution problem

    - by Alex
    The following example works for "class name substitution using the PropertyPlaceHolderConfigurer": http://forum.springsource.org/showpost.php?p=228136&postcount=2 HOWEVER, when porting this code over (messages.properties, com.spring.ioc.TestClass, and spring-config.xml) to a web application, the class name substitution now fails! 1) I am running on the webapp on Tomcat through the Eclipse plugin. 2) In the web.xml I have the following: <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-config.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> 3) The following is output in the log: 282 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Ignoring bean class loading failure for bean 'test' org.springframework.beans.factory.CannotLoadBeanClassException: Cannot find class [${test.class}] for bean with name 'test' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/spring-config.xml]; nested exception is java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: ${test.class} at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.resolveBeanClass(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1141) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.predictBeanType(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:524) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.isFactoryBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1177) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:222) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:505) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:362) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:255) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:199) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:45) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:3795) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4252) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1014) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:736) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1014) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:448) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:700) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:552) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:295) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:433) Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: ${test.class} at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1438) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1284) at org.springframework.util.ClassUtils.forName(ClassUtils.java:211) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinition.resolveBeanClass(AbstractBeanDefinition.java:385) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.resolveBeanClass(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1138) ... 23 more Note: I haven't included it, but the PropertyPlaceHolderConfigurer is successfully locating the messages.properties file, but this seems to happen AFTER the above error is output?! DOES ANYBODY KNOW WHY THIS IS THE CASE AND HOW I CAN OVERCOME THIS PROBLEM?

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  • What is the best way to store meshes or 3d models in a class

    - by Robse
    I am wondering, how I should store my mesh into memory after loading it from whatever file. I have Questions floating in my head: Should a mesh could have sub meshes or does the 3d model just store a list of meshes all on the same level Is there one material assigned to one mesh 1:1? What do I have to consider, if I want to store skeletal animations? Btw it's a OpenGL|ES2 iOS game using GLKit. I came up with some basic struct types: (But I think they are way to simple and I need to add padding or change the vector3 to vector4.) typedef union _N3DShortVector2 { struct { short x, y; }; struct { short s, t; }; short v[2]; } N3DShortVector2; typedef union _N3DShortVector3 { struct { short x, y, z; }; struct { short r, g, b; }; struct { short s, t, p; }; short v[3]; } N3DShortVector3; typedef GLKVector3 N3DFloatVector3; typedef struct _N3DMeshRecordSV3 { N3DShortVector3 v1, v2, v3; } N3DMeshRecordSV3; typedef struct _N3DMeshRecordSV3FN3ST2 { N3DShortVector3 v1, v2, v3; N3DFloatVector3 n1, n2, n3; N3DShortVector2 t1, t2, t3; } N3DMeshRecordSV3FN3ST2;

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  • abstract class in C++

    - by Alexander
    I have a derived derived class from an abstract class. The code is below. I have a FishTank class which is derived from an Aquarium and Aquarium is derived from item. My question is that should I put the definition of virtual int minWidth() const = 0; in aquarium again or is the code below sufficient? class Item{ public: virtual int minWidth() const = 0; }; class Aquarium{ public: virtual int calWidth() = 0; // Pure virtual function. }; class FishTank : public Aquarium{ public: FishTank(int base1, int base2, int height); ~FishTank(); int calWidth(); int minWidth(); };

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  • Is the a pattern for iterating over lists held by a class (dynamicly typed OO languages)

    - by Roman A. Taycher
    If I have a class that holds one or several lists is it better to allow other classes to fetch those lists(with a getter) or to implement a doXList/eachXList type method for that list that take a function and call that function on each element of the list contained by that object. I wrote a program that did a ton of this and I hated passing around all these lists sometimes with method in class a calling method in class B to return lists contained in class C, B contains a C or multiple C's (note question is about dynamically typed OO languages languages like ruby or smalltalk) ex. (that came up in my program) on a Person class containing scheduling preferences and a scheduler class needing to access them.

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  • Document key usage in Dictionary

    - by phq
    How can I document the key usage in a Dictionary so that it shows in Visual studio when coding using that object? I'm looking for something like: /// <param name="SpecialName">That Special Name</param> public Dictionary<string,string> bar; So far the best attempt has been to write my own class: public class SpecialNameDictionary : IDictionary<string, string> { private Dictionary<string, string> data = new Dictionary<string, string>(); /// <param name="specialName">That Special Name</param> public string this[string specialName] { get { return data[specialName]; } } } But It adds a lot of code that doesn't do anything. Additionally I must retype every Dictionary method to make it compile. Is there a better way to achive the above?

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  • PHP file outside doc root needs files outside and inside the document root

    - by jax
    I have a library of classes, all interrelated. Some files are inside the document root and some are outside using the <Directory> and Alias features in httpd.conf Assuming I have 3 files: webroot.php (Inside the document root) alias_directory.php (Inside a folder outside the doc root) alias_directory2.php (Inside a **different** folder outside the doc root) If alias_directory2.php needs both webroot.php and alias_directory.php, This does not work. (Remember alias_directory.php and alias_directory2.php are not in the same locations) require_once $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/webroot.php'; //(ok) require_once $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/alias_directory.php'; //(not ok) This does not work because alias_directory.php is not in the doc root. Similarly require_once $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/webroot.php'; //(ok) require_once dirname(__FILE__).'/alias_directory.php'; //(not ok) The problem here is that dirname(__FILE__) will return the path for alias_directory2.php not alias_directory.php. This works: require_once $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/webroot.php'; //(ok) require_once '/full/path/to/directory/alias_directory.php'; //(ok) But is very nasty and is a maintenance nightmare if I decide to move my library to another location. How do I solve this problem, is seems that I need a way to resolve an Alias folder properly.

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  • boost::enable_if class template method

    - by aaa
    I got class with template methods that looks at this: struct undefined {}; template<typename T> struct is_undefined : mpl::false_ {}; template<> struct is_undefined<undefined> : mpl::true_ {}; template<class C> struct foo { template<class F, class V> typename boost::disable_if<is_undefined<C> >::type apply(const F &f, const V &variables) { } template<class F, class V> typename boost::enable_if<is_undefined<C> >::type apply(const F &f, const V &variables) { } }; apparently, both templates are instantiated, resulting in compile time error. is instantiation of template methods different from instantiation of free functions? I have fixed this differently, but I would like to know what is up. Thank you

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  • best practice for initializing class members in php

    - by rgvcorley
    I have lots of code like this in my constructors:- function __construct($params) { $this->property = isset($params['property']) ? $params['property'] : default_val; } Is it better to do this rather than specify the default value in the property definition? i.e. public $property = default_val? Sometimes there is logic for the default value, and some default values are taken from other properties, which was why I was doing this in the constructor. Should I be using setters so all the logic for default values is separated?

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  • c# GUI changing a listbox from another class

    - by SlowForce
    I've written a multithreaded server that uses tcplistener and a client handler class that controls input and output. I also have a GUI chat client. The chat client works fine and the console version of the server also works well. I have a start() method in the partial(?) Form class, which I run from a new thread when I click a button, that starts the TCP Listener and loops through and accepts socket requests. For every request a new ClientHandler object is created and the socket is passed to this object before being used in a new handler thread. The ClientHandler is a different class to the form and I'm having real problems writing data to the Listbox in the Form class from within the ClientHandler class. I've tried a few different ways of doing this but none of them work as they involve creating a new form class within the ClientHandler. Any help or advice on what I should be reading to help me would be really appreciated.

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  • How to extend abstract Entity class in RIA Services

    - by Calanus
    I want to add a bool variable and property to the base Entity class in my RIA services project so that it is available throughout all the entity objects but seem unable to work out how to do this. I know that adding properties to actual entities themselves is easy using .shared.cs and partial classes but adding such properties to the Entity class using similar methods doesn't work. For example, the following code doesn't work namespace System.ServiceModel.DomainServices.Client { public abstract partial class Entity { private bool auditRequired; public bool AuditRequired { get { return auditRequired; } set { auditRequired = value; } } } } All that happens is that the existing Entity class gets totally overriden rather than extending the Entity class. How do I extend the base Entity class so that functionality is available thoughout all derived entity classes?

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  • Regex to replace 'li' with 'option' without losing class and id attributes

    - by Earthman Web
    I am looking for a solution using preg_replace or similar method to change: <li id="id1" class="authorlist" /> <li id="id2" class="authorlist" /> <li id="id3" class="authorlist" /> to <option id="id1" class="authorlist" /> <option id="id2" class="authorlist" /> <option id="id3" class="authorlist" /> I think I have the pattern correct, but not sure how to do the replacement part... Here is the (wordpress) php code: $string = wp_list_authors( $args ); //returns list as noted above $pattern = '<li ([^>]*)'; $replacement = '?????'; echo preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $string); Suggestions, please?

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  • Define a class dynamically?

    - by Pekka
    Is there a way to dynamically and conditionally create a class definition in PHP, i.e. if (condition matches) include file containing class definition else class myclass extends ancestor_class { .................... } without eval()? My background is the accepted answer to this question. I am looking for the best way to build a untouchable core library, with user-defined empty classes extending the core library if necessary. I want to create the final class definition "on the fly" if there is no user-defined empty class for a certain ancestor class.

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  • Expected Class-name before { token

    - by ML
    Hi All, I am trying to figure out whey I get an error: expected class-name before { token Here is the relative source to the error: #pragma once #ifndef H_FXACTION #define H_FXACTION #include "CP_M_RefCounted.h" #include "FxTypes.h" #include "string" #include "FxString.h" #include "FxPixels.h" #include "CP_Rect.h" #include "FxStreamable.h" #include "FxPoint.h" #include "FxPtr.h" #include "FxImage.h" #include "FxSleekStreaming.h" typedef FxID FxActionType; typedef FxUInt32 FxActionID; FxActionID FrMakeUniqueActionID(void); class FxActionData; class FxActionData : public CP_M_RefCounted { public: FxActionData(); FxActionData(FxBool final) :mFinal(final) { } virtual ~FxActionData(); I get the error at this line: class FxActionData : public CP_M_RefCounted What I dont get is why the line: class FxActionData; is there when you are creating the class directly under it. Isn't this a forward declaration? What things could be going on here?

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  • Creating An Utilities Class?

    - by Soo
    Hello SO, I'm very new to OOP and am trying my hardest to keep things strictly class based, while using good coding priciples. I'm a fair ways into my project now and I have a lot of general use methods I want to put into an utilities class. Is there a best way to create an utilities class? public class Utilities { int test; public Utilites() { } public int sum(int number1, int number2) { test = number1+number2; } return test; } After creating this Utilities class, do I just create an Utilities object, and run the methods of my choosing? Do I have this Utilities class idea correct?

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  • CSS to specify positions over a scanned document

    - by itsols
    I'm trying to write the CSS rules to position text over a scanned document. Reason: The document is a pre-printed form. I am trying to position the text on-screen so that it relates to the 'spaces' on the actual form. Issue: Although I position the values using centimeters, they don't seem to get aligned with the ones on the actual page. I can see this misalignment since my scanned image is in the background of the page. What I've tried: I used a ruler to physically measure the locations and specify them with CSS. But on-screen, it doesn't tally. I used the scanned image to position the CSS values. Then the printout is not correct. I even scaled the scanned page using Inkscape to the exact dimensions in centimeters and took into account all margins, etc... What I need: I am trying to correctly show the output values on-screen AND have them print in the correct manner as well. I know that using two CSS sheets (one for print) is an option. But I'm developing this program away from where the actual printing is to be done. So is there a convenient way of matching the exact screen locations with those on the actual/final prinout? Thanks!

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  • How to override JS function from a firefox extension?

    - by BruceBerry
    Hello, I am trying to intercept calls to document.write for all pages. Setting up the interception inside the page by injecting a script like function overrideDocWrite() { alert("Override called"); document.write = function(w) { return function(s) { alert("special dom"); w.call(this, wrapString(s)); }; }(document.write); alert("Override finished"); } is easy and works, but i would like my extension to setup the interception for each document object from inside the extension. I couldn't find a way to do this. I tried to listen for the "load" event and set up the interception there but it also fails. How do I hook calls to doc.write from an extension?

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  • jquery select not class form multiclass assigment

    - by ntan
    Hi i am having the follow code <div id="container"> <div class="element NOTME"></div> <div class="element"></div> <div class="element"></div> <div class="element"></div> </div> the code below select the inputs inside container with class element $("#container .element input[name^='myname']").each How can i rewrite the above code (the selector actually) that will exclude when has class NOTME Thanks

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  • ZF Autoloader to load ancestor and requested class

    - by Pekka
    I am integrating Zend Framework into an existing application. I want to switch the application over to Zend's autoloading mechanism to replace dozens of include() statements. I have a specific requirement for the autoloading mechanism, though. Allow me to elaborate. The existing application uses a core library (independent from ZF), for example: /Core/Library/authentication.php /Core/Library/translation.php /Core/Library/messages.php this core library is to remain untouched at all times and serves a number of applications. The library contains classes like class ancestor_authentication { ... } class ancestor_translation { ... } class ancestor_messages { ... } in the application, there is also a Library directory: /App/Library/authentication.php /App/Library/translation.php /App/Library/messages.php these includes extend the ancestor classes and are the ones that actually get instantiated in the application. class authentication extends ancestor_authentication { } class translation extends ancestor_translation { } class messages extends ancestor_messages { } usually, these class definitions are empty. They simply extend their ancestors and provide the class name to instantiate. $authentication = new authentication(); The purpose of this solution is to be able to easily customize aspects of the application without having to patch the core libraries. Now, the autoloader I need would have to be aware of this structure. When an object of the class authentication is requested, the autoloader would have to: 1. load /Core/Library/authentication.php 2. load /App/Library/authentication.php My current approach would be creating a custom function, and binding that to Zend_Loader_Autoloader for a specific namespace prefix. Is there already a way to do this in Zend that I am overlooking? The accepted answer in this question kind of implies there is, but that may be just a bad choice of wording. Are there extensions to the Zend Autoloader that do this? Can you - I am new to ZF - think of an elegant way, conforming with the spirit of the framework, of extending the Autoloader with this functionality? I'm not necessary looking for a ready-made implementation, some pointers (This should be an extension to the xyz method that you would call like this...) would already be enough.

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  • Multiple jQuery includes in a document

    - by bah
    Hi, I have a document which uses old jQuery and I need new jQuery for a particular plug-in. My document structure looks like this: <html> <head> <script type="text/javascript" src="jQuery.old.js"></script> </head> <body> <script> $("#elem").doSomething(); // use old jQuery </script> <!-------- My plugin begins --------> <script type="text/javascript" src="jQuery.new.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="jQuery.doSomething.js"></script> <script> $().ready(function(){ $("#elem").doSomething(); // use new jQuery }); </script> <div id="elem"></div> <!-------- My plugin ends ----------> <script> $("#elem").doSomething(); // use old jQuery </script> </body> </html> I have googled for this question but found nothing that would look like my case (I need first to load old javascript (in the head) and THEN new (in the body). By the way, in the Firefox looks like old jQuery lib loads and scripts that depends on it works, but script that uses new version, and in IE and Chrome everything is exactly opposite.

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