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  • How can I direct rsync output / log to the remote server?

    - by Guest
    I am able to output rsync logs on the client machine using --log-file=FILE but I want the output to be sent to the server instead. The client is a W7 machine (cygwin) and the server a Linux NAS. This is the command I use which successfully logs the file on the client. I'm looking to have the file sent to the server instead: rsync -PavOs --delete --log-file=/somepath/rsynclog.txt -e "ssh -i /somepath/keyfile -p 1000" "/somepath/User/" [email protected]:/somepath/User/ Thanks

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  • ASP.NET GZip Encoding Caveats

    - by Rick Strahl
    GZip encoding in ASP.NET is pretty easy to accomplish using the built-in GZipStream and DeflateStream classes and applying them to the Response.Filter property.  While applying GZip and Deflate behavior is pretty easy there are a few caveats that you have watch out for as I found out today for myself with an application that was throwing up some garbage data. But before looking at caveats let’s review GZip implementation for ASP.NET. ASP.NET GZip/Deflate Basics Response filters basically are applied to the Response.OutputStream and transform it as data is written to it through the ASP.NET Response object. So a Response.Write eventually gets written into the output stream which if a filter is also written through the filter stream’s interface. To perform the actual GZip (and Deflate) encoding typically used by Web pages .NET includes the GZipStream and DeflateStream stream classes which can be readily assigned to the Repsonse.OutputStream. With these two stream classes in place it’s almost trivially easy to create a couple of reusable methods that allow you to compress your HTTP output. In my standard WebUtils utility class (from the West Wind West Wind Web Toolkit) created two static utility methods – IsGZipSupported and GZipEncodePage – that check whether the client supports GZip encoding and then actually encodes the current output (note that although the method includes ‘Page’ in its name this code will work with any ASP.NET output). /// <summary> /// Determines if GZip is supported /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static bool IsGZipSupported() { string AcceptEncoding = HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"]; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(AcceptEncoding) && (AcceptEncoding.Contains("gzip") || AcceptEncoding.Contains("deflate"))) return true; return false; } /// <summary> /// Sets up the current page or handler to use GZip through a Response.Filter /// IMPORTANT: /// You have to call this method before any output is generated! /// </summary> public static void GZipEncodePage() { HttpResponse Response = HttpContext.Current.Response; if (IsGZipSupported()) { string AcceptEncoding = HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"]; if (AcceptEncoding.Contains("deflate")) { Response.Filter = new System.IO.Compression.DeflateStream(Response.Filter, System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress); Response.Headers.Remove("Content-Encoding"); Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "deflate"); } else { Response.Filter = new System.IO.Compression.GZipStream(Response.Filter, System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress); Response.Headers.Remove("Content-Encoding"); Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip"); } } } As you can see the actual assignment of the Filter is as simple as: Response.Filter = new DeflateStream(Response.Filter, System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress); which applies the filter to the OutputStream. You also need to ensure that your response reflects the new GZip or Deflate encoding and ensure that any pages that are cached in Proxy servers can differentiate between pages that were encoded with the various different encodings (or no encoding). To use this utility function now is trivially easy: In any ASP.NET code that wants to compress its Response output you simply use: protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { WebUtils.GZipEncodePage(); Entry = WebLogFactory.GetEntry(); var entries = Entry.GetLastEntries(App.Configuration.ShowEntryCount, "pk,Title,SafeTitle,Body,Entered,Feedback,Location,ShowTopAd", "TEntries"); if (entries == null) throw new ApplicationException("Couldn't load WebLog Entries: " + Entry.ErrorMessage); this.repEntries.DataSource = entries; this.repEntries.DataBind(); } Here I use an ASP.NET page, but the above WebUtils.GZipEncode() method call will work in any ASP.NET application type including HTTP Handlers. The only requirement is that the filter needs to be applied before any other output is sent to the OutputStream. For example, in my CallbackHandler service implementation by default output over a certain size is GZip encoded. The output that is generated is JSON or XML and if the output is over 5k in size I apply WebUtils.GZipEncode(): if (sbOutput.Length > GZIP_ENCODE_TRESHOLD) WebUtils.GZipEncodePage(); Response.ContentType = ControlResources.STR_JsonContentType; HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(sbOutput.ToString()); Ok, so you probably get the idea: Encoding GZip/Deflate content is pretty easy. Hold on there Hoss –Watch your Caching Or is it? There are a few caveats that you need to watch out for when dealing with GZip content. The fist issue is that you need to deal with the fact that some clients don’t support GZip or Deflate content. Most modern browsers support it, but if you have a programmatic Http client accessing your content GZip/Deflate support is by no means guaranteed. For example, WinInet Http clients don’t support GZip out of the box – it has to be explicitly implemented. Other low level HTTP clients on other platforms too don’t support GZip out of the box. The problem is that your application, your Web Server and Proxy Servers on the Internet might be caching your generated content. If you return content with GZip once and then again without, either caching is not applied or worse the wrong type of content is returned back to the client from a cache or proxy. The result is an unreadable response for *some clients* which is also very hard to debug and fix once in production. You already saw the issue of Proxy servers addressed in the GZipEncodePage() function: // Allow proxy servers to cache encoded and unencoded versions separately Response.AppendHeader("Vary", "Content-Encoding"); This ensures that any Proxy servers also check for the Content-Encoding HTTP Header to cache their content – not just the URL. The same thing applies if you do OutputCaching in your own ASP.NET code. If you generate output for GZip on an OutputCached page the GZipped content will be cached (either by ASP.NET’s cache or in some cases by the IIS Kernel Cache). But what if the next client doesn’t support GZip? She’ll get served a cached GZip page that won’t decode and she’ll get a page full of garbage. Wholly undesirable. To fix this you need to add some custom OutputCache rules by way of the GetVaryByCustom() HttpApplication method in your global_ASAX file: public override string GetVaryByCustomString(HttpContext context, string custom) { // Override Caching for compression if (custom == "GZIP") { string acceptEncoding = HttpContext.Current.Response.Headers["Content-Encoding"]; if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(acceptEncoding)) return ""; else if (acceptEncoding.Contains("gzip")) return "GZIP"; else if (acceptEncoding.Contains("deflate")) return "DEFLATE"; return ""; } return base.GetVaryByCustomString(context, custom); } In a page that use Output caching you then specify: <%@ OutputCache Duration="180" VaryByParam="none" VaryByCustom="GZIP" %> To use that custom rule. It’s all Fun and Games until ASP.NET throws an Error Ok, so you’re up and running with GZip, you have your caching squared away and your pages that you are applying it to are jamming along. Then BOOM, something strange happens and you get a lovely garbled page that look like this: Lovely isn’t it? What’s happened here is that I have WebUtils.GZipEncode() applied to my page, but there’s an error in the page. The error falls back to the ASP.NET error handler and the error handler removes all existing output (good) and removes all the custom HTTP headers I’ve set manually (usually good, but very bad here). Since I applied the Response.Filter (via GZipEncode) the output is now GZip encoded, but ASP.NET has removed my Content-Encoding header, so the browser receives the GZip encoded content without a notification that it is encoded as GZip. The result is binary output. Here’s what Fiddler says about the raw HTTP header output when an error occurs when GZip encoding was applied: HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Date: Sat, 30 Apr 2011 22:21:08 GMT Content-Length: 2138 Connection: close ?`I?%&/m?{J?J??t??` … binary output striped here Notice: no Content-Encoding header and that’s why we’re seeing this garbage. ASP.NET has stripped the Content-Encoding header but left our filter intact. So how do we fix this? In my applications I typically have a global Application_Error handler set up and in this case I’ve been using that. One thing that you can do in the Application_Error handler is explicitly clear out the Response.Filter and set it to null at the top: protected void Application_Error(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Remove any special filtering especially GZip filtering Response.Filter = null; … } And voila I get my Yellow Screen of Death or my custom generated error output back via uncompressed content. BTW, the same is true for Page level errors handled in Page_Error or ASP.NET MVC Error handling methods in a controller. Another and possibly even better solution is to check whether a filter is attached just before the headers are sent to the client as pointed out by Adam Schroeder in the comments: protected void Application_PreSendRequestHeaders() { // ensure that if GZip/Deflate Encoding is applied that headers are set // also works when error occurs if filters are still active HttpResponse response = HttpContext.Current.Response; if (response.Filter is GZipStream && response.Headers["Content-encoding"] != "gzip") response.AppendHeader("Content-encoding", "gzip"); else if (response.Filter is DeflateStream && response.Headers["Content-encoding"] != "deflate") response.AppendHeader("Content-encoding", "deflate"); } This uses the Application_PreSendRequestHeaders() pipeline event to check for compression encoding in a filter and adjusts the content accordingly. This is actually a better solution since this is generic – it’ll work regardless of how the content is cleaned up. For example, an error Response.Redirect() or short error display might get changed and the filter not cleared and this code actually handles that. Sweet, thanks Adam. It’s unfortunate that ASP.NET doesn’t natively clear out Response.Filters when an error occurs just as it clears the Response and Headers. I can’t see where leaving a Filter in place in an error situation would make any sense, but hey - this is what it is and it’s easy enough to fix as long as you know where to look. Riiiight! IIS and GZip I should also mention that IIS 7 includes good support for compression natively. If you can defer encoding to let IIS perform it for you rather than doing it in your code by all means you should do it! Especially any static or semi-dynamic content that can be made static should be using IIS built-in compression. Dynamic caching is also supported but is a bit more tricky to judge in terms of performance and footprint. John Forsyth has a great article on the benefits and drawbacks of IIS 7 compression which gives some detailed performance comparisons and impact reviews. I’ll post another entry next with some more info on IIS compression since information on it seems to be a bit hard to come by. Related Content Built-in GZip/Deflate Compression in IIS 7.x HttpWebRequest and GZip Responses © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in ASP.NET   IIS7  

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  • Can't shrink Windows Boot NTFS disk: ERROR(5): Could not map attribute 0x80 in inode, Input/output error

    - by arcyqwerty
    Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, all updates current as of 7/3/2012 gksudo gparted Shrink /dev/sda2 from 367GB to 307GB GParted 0.11.0 --enable-libparted-dmraid Libparted 2.3 Shrink /dev/sda2 from 367.00 GiB to 307.00 GiB 00:32:57 ( ERROR ) calibrate /dev/sda2 00:00:00 ( SUCCESS ) path: /dev/sda2 start: 20,484,096 end: 790,142,975 size: 769,658,880 (367.00 GiB) check file system on /dev/sda2 for errors and (if possible) fix them 00:00:53 ( SUCCESS ) ntfsresize -P -i -f -v /dev/sda2 ntfsresize v2012.1.15AR.1 (libntfs-3g) Device name : /dev/sda2 NTFS volume version: 3.1 Cluster size : 4096 bytes Current volume size: 394065338880 bytes (394066 MB) Current device size: 394065346560 bytes (394066 MB) Checking for bad sectors ... Checking filesystem consistency ... Accounting clusters ... Space in use : 327950 MB (83.2%) Collecting resizing constraints ... Estimating smallest shrunken size supported ... File feature Last used at By inode $MFT : 389998 MB 0 Multi-Record : 394061 MB 386464 $MFTMirr : 314823 MB 1 Compressed : 394064 MB 1019521 Sparse : 330887 MB 752454 Ordinary : 393297 MB 706060 You might resize at 327949758464 bytes or 327950 MB (freeing 66116 MB). Please make a test run using both the -n and -s options before real resizing! shrink file system 00:32:04 ( ERROR ) run simulation 00:32:04 ( ERROR ) ntfsresize -P --force --force /dev/sda2 -s 329640837119 --no-action ntfsresize v2012.1.15AR.1 (libntfs-3g) Device name : /dev/sda2 NTFS volume version: 3.1 Cluster size : 4096 bytes Current volume size: 394065338880 bytes (394066 MB) Current device size: 394065346560 bytes (394066 MB) New volume size : 329640829440 bytes (329641 MB) Checking filesystem consistency ... Accounting clusters ... Space in use : 327950 MB (83.2%) Collecting resizing constraints ... Needed relocations : 13300525 (54479 MB) Schedule chkdsk for NTFS consistency check at Windows boot time ... Resetting $LogFile ... (this might take a while) Relocating needed data ... Updating $BadClust file ... Updating $Bitmap file ... ERROR(5): Could not map attribute 0x80 in inode 1667593: Input/output error ======================================== Windows has run chkdsk successfully (on boot) several times now

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  • Ubuntu 11.10 - How can i stop self-feedback-loop, coming directly from my microphone to speaker?

    - by YumYumYum
    I have microphone audio, which comes instantly to my speaker. I am using default pulseaudio and alsa from the package. I have tried to setup: 1) PA /etc/pulse/default.pa /etc/asound.conf $ ls analog-input-aux.conf analog-input-fm.conf analog-input-mic.conf analog-input-tvtuner.conf analog-output-desktop-speaker.conf analog-output-mono.conf analog-input.conf analog-input-front-mic.conf analog-input-mic.conf.common analog-input-video.conf analog-output-headphones-2.conf analog-output-speaker.conf analog-input.conf.common analog-input-internal-mic.conf analog-input-mic-line.conf analog-output.conf analog-output-headphones.conf iec958-stereo-output.conf analog-input-dock-mic.conf analog-input-linein.conf analog-input-rear-mic.conf analog-output.conf.common analog-output-lfe-on-mono.conf 2) ALSA in lsmod to make sure no loopback modules are loaded etc but none is resolving it. And there are many less information available on this. Has anyone similar problem solution in Ubuntu 11.10? (this problem i have resolved in Ubuntu 11.04 by replacing the default pulseaudio version to latest source from git, but while trying the same in Ubuntu 11.10 does not worked). Any tips please?

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  • What packages are neccessary to have sound output from java applets?

    - by MvG
    I've got a very minimalistic setup of ubuntu precise, created using debootstrap. So please don't assume that any packages are installed just because they usually are. On that system, I'd like to play some sounds from a java applet. However, this always fails with the following error message: javax.sound.midi.MidiUnavailableException: Can not open line at com.sun.media.sound.SoftSynthesizer.open(SoftSynthesizer.java:1132) at com.sun.media.sound.SoftSynthesizer.open(SoftSynthesizer.java:1036) ... Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: No line matching interface SourceDataLine supporting format PCM_SIGNED 44100.0 Hz, 16 bit, stereo, 4 bytes/frame, little-endian is supported. at javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem.getLine(AudioSystem.java:476) at javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem.getSourceDataLine(AudioSystem.java:604) at com.sun.media.sound.SoftSynthesizer.open(SoftSynthesizer.java:1066) ... 35 more As the messages mention a soft synthesizer, and pcm lines, I expect that the lack of some midi daemon is not the issue here. As far as I can tell, the alsa kernel modules are loaded, including snd_hda_intel, snd_pcm, snd_seq_midi among others. I've also included the alsa-base and alsa-utils packages in my installation. alsa-mixer looks good, using “HDA Intel PCH” as its default device. What other packages, configuration settings or daemon startups does java require to make its sound output work?

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  • Packets marked by iptables only sent to the correct routing table sometimes

    - by cookiecaper
    I am trying to route packets generated by a specific user out over a VPN. I have this configuration: $ sudo iptables -S -t nat -P PREROUTING ACCEPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT -A POSTROUTING -o tun0 -j MASQUERADE $ sudo iptables -S -t mangle -P PREROUTING ACCEPT -P INPUT ACCEPT -P FORWARD ACCEPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner guy -j MARK --set-xmark 0xb/0xffffffff $ sudo ip rule show 0: from all lookup local 32765: from all fwmark 0xb lookup 11 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default $ sudo ip route show table 11 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.6 dev tun0 scope link 10.8.0.1 via 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 0.0.0.0/1 via 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 $ sudo iptables -S -t raw -P PREROUTING ACCEPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner guy -j TRACE -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j TRACE It seems that some sites work fine and use the VPN, but others don't and fall back to the normal interface. This is bad. This is a packet trace that used VPN: Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976052] TRACE: raw:OUTPUT:rule:2 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976105] TRACE: raw:OUTPUT:policy:3 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976164] TRACE: mangle:OUTPUT:rule:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976210] TRACE: mangle:OUTPUT:policy:2 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976269] TRACE: nat:OUTPUT:policy:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976320] TRACE: filter:OUTPUT:policy:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976367] TRACE: mangle:POSTROUTING:policy:1 IN= OUT=tun0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976414] TRACE: nat:POSTROUTING:rule:1 IN= OUT=tun0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb and this is one that didn't: Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662559] TRACE: raw:OUTPUT:rule:2 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662609] TRACE: raw:OUTPUT:policy:3 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662664] TRACE: mangle:OUTPUT:rule:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662709] TRACE: mangle:OUTPUT:policy:2 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662761] TRACE: nat:OUTPUT:policy:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662808] TRACE: filter:OUTPUT:policy:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662855] TRACE: mangle:POSTROUTING:policy:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb I have already tried "ip route flush cache", to no avail. I do not know why the first packet goes through the correct routing table, and the second doesn't. Both are marked. Once again, I do not want ALL packets system-wide to go through the VPN, I only want packets from a specific user (UID=999) to go through the VPN. I am testing ipchicken.com and walmart.com via links, from the same user, same shell. walmart.com appears to use the VPN; ipchicken.com does not. Any help appreciated. Will send 0.5 bitcoins to answerer who makes this fixed.

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  • Error message when running "make" command: /usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output

    - by user784637
    I am unable to create a working executable file by running the make command in a tree previously built on an i386 machine. I'm getting an error message in the form of me@me-desktop:~$ make /usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `../.. /Lib/libProgram.a(something.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output I've been told and reassured that this program has been tested and successfully compiled on 64-bit Fedora. I'm running a 64-bit machine me@me-desktop:~$ uname -m x86_64 I'm running Ubuntu 10.04 me@me-desktop:~$ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 10.04.3 LTS Release: 10.04 Codename: lucid I'm using g++ # me@me-desktop:~$ g++ --version g++ (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5) 4.4.3 Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. I'm also using libtool # me@me-desktop:~$ libtool --version ltmain.sh (GNU libtool) 2.2.6b Written by Gordon Matzigkeit <[email protected]>, 1996 Any clues as to what is going wrong?

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  • alsa - sound issues on ubuntu 12.04

    - by tam_ubuuser
    i am having an sony E series laptop.i have an HDMI port .at this stage ,i have tested my sound card , which provides audio out on my laptop i.e i could hear songs .my laptop has two sound cards amd 5450 and an intel-hda(alsamixer shows that as s/pdif) . i decided to connect HDMI output to my new HD-TV.but, i could get only visuals on my TV,NO AUDIO OUTPUT ( HDMI cable works fine with win 7).my laptop has two sound cards.but i couldn't switch output to other card.( i don't know ,how to do that) i decided to update alsa. complied the following code in terminal. sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-audio-dev/alsa-daily sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install alsa-hda-dkms then,strangely no login sound, and no audio output on my laptop at all .then, started complied code from step1 sound troubleshooting procedure from offical ubuntu site.then, my speaker icon taskbar disappeared .obivously $aplay -l ,provided output as no soundcards detected . so , i implemented step 4 from that guide, it provides a output of all hardware devices in my laptop. *-multimedia UNCLAIMED description: Audio device product: Cedar HDMI Audio [Radeon HD 5400/6300 Series] vendor: Hynix Semiconductor (Hyundai Electronics) physical id: 0.1 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.1 version: 00 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm pciexpress msi bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:f0040000-f0043fff *-multimedia UNCLAIMED description: Audio device product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset High Definition Audio vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1b bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0 version: 05 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:f5e00000-f5e03fff that command displayed output name of the two cards . but , still i have no positive output on $aplay -l. so therfore, i think alsa couldn't detect my sound cards . is there solution to this problem? it could be better,if alsa would channel output from multiple sound cards ? how should install and configure alsa such that detects HDMI cable as soon i connect to my HD tv? is it possible to alsa and pluseaudio 2.0 to co-exist, if so how?

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  • PHP MINISERVER DOWNLOAD RESUME-ERROR! Resource id # 4

    - by snikolov
    $httpsock = @socket_create_listen("9090"); if (!$httpsock) { print "Socket creation failed!\n"; exit; } while (1) { $client = socket_accept($httpsock); $input = trim(socket_read ($client, 4096)); $input = explode(" ", $input); $range = $input[12]; $input = $input[1]; $fileinfo = pathinfo($input); switch ($fileinfo['extension']) { default: $mime = "text/html"; } if ($input == "/") { $input = "index.html"; } $input = ".$input"; if (file_exists($input) && is_readable($input)) { echo "Serving $input\n"; $contents = file_get_contents($input); $output = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nServer: APatchyServer\r\nConnection: close\r\nContent-Type: $mime\r\n\r\n$contents"; } else { //$contents = "The file you requested doesn't exist. Sorry!"; //$output = "HTTP/1.0 404 OBJECT NOT FOUND\r\nServer: BabyHTTP\r\nConnection: close\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n$contents"; if(isset($range)) { list($a, $range) = explode("=",$range); str_replace($range, "-", $range); $size2 = $size-1; $new_length = $size-$range; $output = "HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content\r\n"; $output .= "Content-Length: $new_length\r\n"; $output .= "Content-Range: bytes $range$size2/$size\r\n"; } else { $size2=$size-1; $output .= "Content-Length: $new_length\r\n"; } $chunksize = 1*(1024*1024); $bytes_send = 0; $file = "a.mp3"; $filesize = filesize($file); if ($file = fopen($file, 'r')) { if(isset($range)) $output = 'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'; $output .= "Content-type: application/octet-stream\r\n"; $output .= "Content-Length: $filesize\r\n"; $output .= 'Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$file.'"\r\n'; $output .= "Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n"; $output .= "Cache-Control: private\n\n"; fseek($file, $range); $download_rate = 1000; while(!feof($file) and (connection_status()==0)) { $var_stat = fread($file, round($download_rate *1024)); $output .= $var_stat;//echo($buffer); // is also possible flush(); sleep(1);//// decrease download speed } fclose($file); } /** $filename = "dada"; $file = fopen($filename, 'r'); $filesize = filesize($filename); $buffer = fread($file, $filesize); $send = array("Output"=$buffer,"filesize"=$filesize,"filename"=$filename); $file = $send['filename']; */ //@ob_end_clean(); // $output .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary"; //$output .= "Connection: Keep-Alive\r\n"; } socket_write($client, $output); socket_close ($client); } socket_close ($httpsock); hey guys i have create a miniwebserver downloader it can download files from your server, however i am unable to resume my download when i download the file i get Resource id # 4 and also i cant resume the download,i would like to know how i can monitor record the client output how much bandwidth he has downloaded perl has something like this put its hardcore if possible kindly provide me with some pointers thank you :)

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  • PHP mini-server download resulme-error! Resource id # 4

    - by snikolov
    <?php $httpsock = @socket_create_listen("9090"); if (!$httpsock) { print "Socket creation failed!\n"; exit; } while (1) { $client = socket_accept($httpsock); $input = trim(socket_read ($client, 4096)); $input = explode(" ", $input); $range = $input[12]; $input = $input[1]; $fileinfo = pathinfo($input); switch ($fileinfo['extension']) { default: $mime = "text/html"; } if ($input == "/") { $input = "index.html"; } $input = ".$input"; if (file_exists($input) && is_readable($input)) { echo "Serving $input\n"; $contents = file_get_contents($input); $output = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nServer: APatchyServer\r\nConnection: close\r\nContent-Type: $mime\r\n\r\n$contents"; } else { //$contents = "The file you requested doesn't exist. Sorry!"; //$output = "HTTP/1.0 404 OBJECT NOT FOUND\r\nServer: BabyHTTP\r\nConnection: close\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n$contents"; if(isset($range)) { list($a, $range) = explode("=",$range); str_replace($range, "-", $range); $size2 = $size-1; $new_length = $size-$range; $output = "HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content\r\n"; $output .= "Content-Length: $new_length\r\n"; $output .= "Content-Range: bytes $range$size2/$size\r\n"; } else { $size2=$size-1; $output .= "Content-Length: $new_length\r\n"; } $chunksize = 1*(1024*1024); $bytes_send = 0; $file = "a.mp3"; $filesize = filesize($file); if ($file = fopen($file, 'r')) { if(isset($range)) $output = 'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'; $output .= "Content-type: application/octet-stream\r\n"; $output .= "Content-Length: $filesize\r\n"; $output .= 'Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$file.'"\r\n'; $output .= "Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n"; $output .= "Cache-Control: private\n\n"; fseek($file, $range); $download_rate = 1000; while(!feof($file) and (connection_status()==0)) { $var_stat = fread($file, round($download_rate *1024)); $output .= $var_stat;//echo($buffer); // is also possible flush(); sleep(1);//// decrease download speed } fclose($file); } /** $filename = "dada"; $file = fopen($filename, 'r'); $filesize = filesize($filename); $buffer = fread($file, $filesize); $send = array("Output"=>$buffer,"filesize"=>$filesize,"filename"=>$filename); $file = $send['filename']; */ //@ob_end_clean(); // $output .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary"; //$output .= "Connection: Keep-Alive\r\n"; } socket_write($client, $output); socket_close ($client); } socket_close ($httpsock); Hey guys, I haved create a miniwebserver downloader. It can download files from your server. However, I am unable to resume my download when I download the file – I get Resource id # 4 – and I also can't resume the download. I would like to know how I can monitor and record the client output and how much bandwidth he has downloaded. Perl has something like this, but it's hardcore; if possible, kindly provide me with some pointers thank you :)

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  • What file format can I use to output a formatted text file straight from a program without having the markup be too complicated?

    - by Matt
    Premise: I am parsing a file that is quite nearly XML, but not quite. From this file I would like to extract data and output in a file that a user could open up in some program and read. To make the data reasonable, I would almost certainly need to format the text. In case it matters, I will probably be using Java to write the program. Problem: I cannot find a file format that supports formatting without having terribly complex rules and encoding problems. Attempts: I looked into a basic .txt extension first, but it does not have enough formatting advantage. I then tried a .rtf extension, but the rules for outputting text seem to be terribly complicated. It was then suggested that I used XML, but I do not understand how this file would be viewed. This appears to be probably the best solution, but I don't understand much about it. Perhaps somebody could shed some light here. In Other Words: Could somebody suggest and easy to use file format and/or shed some light on how to use XML for text formatting and viewing?

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  • Is it possible to re-cab an Administrative Install Point?

    - by Nathaniel Bannister
    We have Acrobat 8 Pro at work, and our media was painfully out of date. Rather than install all of the machines at 8.0.0 and then do the 6 or 7 consecutive reboots adobe expects you to be ok with I decided I'd integrate the .msp files into the installer. After reading up on it, I figured out the exact patch order that adobe required, extracted my cd to an Administrative install point, and ran the patches against it: msiexec /a AcroPro.msi /p AcrobatUpd810_efgj_incr.msp TARGETDIR="C:\Acrobat8" /log "output.log" msiexec /a AcroPro.msi /p AcrobatUpd811_all_incr.msp TARGETDIR="C:\Acrobat8" /log "output.log" msiexec /a AcroPro.msi /p AcrobatUpd812_all_incr.msp TARGETDIR="C:\Acrobat8" /log "output.log" msiexec /a AcroPro.msi /p AcrobatUpd813_all_incr.msp TARGETDIR="C:\Acrobat8" /log "output.log" msiexec /a AcroPro.msi /p AcrobatUpd816_all_incr.msp TARGETDIR="C:\Acrobat8" /log "output.log" msiexec /a AcroPro.msi /p AcrobatUpd817_all_incr.msp TARGETDIR="C:\Acrobat8" /log "output.log" msiexec /a AcroPro.msi /p AcrobatUpd820_all_incr.msp TARGETDIR="C:\Acrobat8" /log "output.log" msiexec /a AcroPro.msi /p AcrobatUpd822_all_incr.msp TARGETDIR="C:\Acrobat8" /log "output.log" msiexec /a AcroPro.msi /p AcrobatUpd823_all_incr.msp TARGETDIR="C:\Acrobat8" /log "output.log" msiexec /a AcroPro.msi /p AcrobatUpd825_all_incr.msp TARGETDIR="C:\Acrobat8" /log "output.log" msiexec /a AcroPro.msi /p AcrobatUpd826_all_incr.msp TARGETDIR="C:\Acrobat8" /log "output.log" Now I have a AIP that is fully patched to 8.2.6 (Tested working prior to attempting to CAB it), but is absolutely huge (1.2gb) what I would like to do is take the folders within the AIP and put them back into a cab file for the sake of convenience in transferring the files around. I tried the command: cscript "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0\Samples\sysmgmt\msi\scripts\WiMakCab.vbs" AcroPro.msi Data1 /L /C /S Per the guide I was using, while this did produce the cab file I Wanted, however the resulting MSI fails to install with an error 2602: It's been a while since I've done something like this, and it's probably a glaring oversight on my part, but any insight would be much appreciated.

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  • Midnight Commander Woes: Output while panels are active, and tab completion.

    - by Eddie Parker
    I'm trying out midnight commander (loved Norton back in the day!) and I'm finding two things hard to work out. I'm curious if there's ways around this or not however. 1) If the panels are active and I issue a command that has a lot of output, it appears to be lost forever. i.e., if the panels are visible and I cat something (i.e., cat /proc/cpuinfo), that info is gone forever once the panels get redrawn. Is there anyway to see the output? I've tried 'ctrl-o', but it appears to just give me a fresh sub-shell and wipes the previous output away. Pausing after every invocation is a bit irritating, so I'd rather not use that option. 2) Tab completion for commands When mc is running, it consumes the tab character for switching panels. Is there any way to get around this so I can still type in paths and what not on the command line? I'm running cygwin if that matters at all.

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  • Triple-monitor set-up (2 unique, 1 cloned): Can a VGA splitter be used on one output of a dual-head

    - by stakx
    Background: I'm currently researching hardware components for some kind of information terminal we're building. This application of ours makes use of three output screens: (1) A touch screen where all user input is made; (2) A regular LCD monitor where the requested information is being displayed; and (3) A projector which displays exactly the same signal as screen (2) does. (All screens will run at the same resolution of 1024x768 btw.) Now I figured that using a dual-head video card would be sufficient, let's say a Matrox P690 low-profile PCI card. This would involve having a Y cable connected to the graphics card itself, then two DVI-to-VGA adapters at each end of the Y cable, and then having a VGA splitter on one of the VGA outputs. The following shows the setup in question: 0--1---------2-> VGA (DSUB-15) \ \ ----2-3---------> VGA (DSUB-15) \ \ -----------------> VGA (DSUB-15) 0: graphics card (LFH60 jack) 1: LFH60 to DVI-I dual monitor Y cable 2: DVI-to-VGA adapters 3: VGA splitter cable Question(s): Will this work? I'm particularly concerned about the following points: Can a low-profile PCI video card output a signal which is strong enough for three monitors (even if it's a dual-head card)? Does the combination of so many adapters and splitter cables work? (The LFH-to-DVI cable comes with the video card) Will the VGA splitter cable degrade the signal on the output screen & projector significantly? (If so, would a USB-powered splitter cable remedy this problem?) I can't possibly expect anyone to answer all those questions, but any input is appreciated.

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  • Why is cron mailing me program output even though I've redirected to /dev/null?

    - by Server Fault
    I'm trying to restart a system process through cron and getting emailed the startup output of the process. I thought redirecting STDOUT and SDTERR to /dev/null would "silence" the output but alas, this has not work. How can I get cron to silently restart this service? crontab entry: 0 6 * * * service sympa stop &>/dev/null; service sympa start &> /dev/null sample output from restart email: Stopping Sympa bounce manager bounced ...done. * Stopping Sympa task manager task_manager ...done. * Stopping Sympa mailing list archive manager archived ...done. * Stopping Sympa mailing list manager sympa ...done. ... waiting Prototype mismatch: sub Lock::LOCK_SH () vs none at /home/sympa/bin/Lock.pm line 38. Constant subroutine LOCK_SH redefined at /home/sympa/bin/Lock.pm line 38. Prototype mismatch: sub Lock::LOCK_EX () vs none at /home/sympa/bin/Lock.pm line 39. Constant subroutine LOCK_EX redefined at /home/sympa/bin/Lock.pm line 39. Prototype mismatch: sub Lock::LOCK_NB () vs none at /home/sympa/bin/Lock.pm line 40. Constant subroutine LOCK_NB redefined at /home/sympa/bin/Lock.pm line 40.

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  • How do I get FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3 to work with shaders in Direct3D11?

    - by Dominic
    Currently I'm going through some tutorials and learning DX11 on a DX10 machine (though I just ordered a new DX11 compatible computer) by means of setting the D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_ setting to 10_0 and switching the vertex and pixel shader versions in D3DX11CompileFromFile to "vs_4_0" and "ps_4_0" respectively. This works fine as I'm not using any DX11-only features yet. I'd like to make it compatible with DX9.0c, which naively I thought I could do by changing the feature level setting to 9_3 or something and taking the vertex/pixel shader versions down to 3 or 2. However, no matter what I change the vertex/pixel shader versions to, it always fails when I try to call D3DX11CompileFromFile to compile the vertex/pixel shader files when I have D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3 enabled. Maybe this is due to the the vertex/pixel shader files themselves being incompatible for the lower vertex/pixel shader versions, but I'm not expert enough to say. My shader files are listed below: Vertex shader: cbuffer MatrixBuffer { matrix worldMatrix; matrix viewMatrix; matrix projectionMatrix; }; struct VertexInputType { float4 position : POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; struct PixelInputType { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; PixelInputType LightVertexShader(VertexInputType input) { PixelInputType output; // Change the position vector to be 4 units for proper matrix calculations. input.position.w = 1.0f; // Calculate the position of the vertex against the world, view, and projection matrices. output.position = mul(input.position, worldMatrix); output.position = mul(output.position, viewMatrix); output.position = mul(output.position, projectionMatrix); // Store the texture coordinates for the pixel shader. output.tex = input.tex; // Calculate the normal vector against the world matrix only. output.normal = mul(input.normal, (float3x3)worldMatrix); // Normalize the normal vector. output.normal = normalize(output.normal); return output; } Pixel Shader: Texture2D shaderTexture; SamplerState SampleType; cbuffer LightBuffer { float4 ambientColor; float4 diffuseColor; float3 lightDirection; float padding; }; struct PixelInputType { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; float4 LightPixelShader(PixelInputType input) : SV_TARGET { float4 textureColor; float3 lightDir; float lightIntensity; float4 color; // Sample the pixel color from the texture using the sampler at this texture coordinate location. textureColor = shaderTexture.Sample(SampleType, input.tex); // Set the default output color to the ambient light value for all pixels. color = ambientColor; // Invert the light direction for calculations. lightDir = -lightDirection; // Calculate the amount of light on this pixel. lightIntensity = saturate(dot(input.normal, lightDir)); if(lightIntensity > 0.0f) { // Determine the final diffuse color based on the diffuse color and the amount of light intensity. color += (diffuseColor * lightIntensity); } // Saturate the final light color. color = saturate(color); // Multiply the texture pixel and the final diffuse color to get the final pixel color result. color = color * textureColor; return color; }

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  • Getting FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3 to work in DX11

    - by Dominic
    Currently I'm going through some tutorials and learning DX11 on a DX10 machine (though I just ordered a new DX11 compatible computer) by means of setting the D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_ setting to 10_0 and switching the vertex and pixel shader versions in D3DX11CompileFromFile to "vs_4_0" and "ps_4_0" respectively. This works fine as I'm not using any DX11-only features yet. I'd like to make it compatible with DX9.0c, which naively I thought I could do by changing the feature level setting to 9_3 or something and taking the vertex/pixel shader versions down to 3 or 2. However, no matter what I change the vertex/pixel shader versions to, it always fails when I try to call D3DX11CompileFromFile to compile the vertex/pixel shader files when I have D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3 enabled. Maybe this is due to the the vertex/pixel shader files themselves being incompatible for the lower vertex/pixel shader versions, but I'm not expert enough to say. My shader files are listed below: Vertex shader: cbuffer MatrixBuffer { matrix worldMatrix; matrix viewMatrix; matrix projectionMatrix; }; struct VertexInputType { float4 position : POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; struct PixelInputType { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; PixelInputType LightVertexShader(VertexInputType input) { PixelInputType output; // Change the position vector to be 4 units for proper matrix calculations. input.position.w = 1.0f; // Calculate the position of the vertex against the world, view, and projection matrices. output.position = mul(input.position, worldMatrix); output.position = mul(output.position, viewMatrix); output.position = mul(output.position, projectionMatrix); // Store the texture coordinates for the pixel shader. output.tex = input.tex; // Calculate the normal vector against the world matrix only. output.normal = mul(input.normal, (float3x3)worldMatrix); // Normalize the normal vector. output.normal = normalize(output.normal); return output; } Pixel Shader: Texture2D shaderTexture; SamplerState SampleType; cbuffer LightBuffer { float4 ambientColor; float4 diffuseColor; float3 lightDirection; float padding; }; struct PixelInputType { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; float4 LightPixelShader(PixelInputType input) : SV_TARGET { float4 textureColor; float3 lightDir; float lightIntensity; float4 color; // Sample the pixel color from the texture using the sampler at this texture coordinate location. textureColor = shaderTexture.Sample(SampleType, input.tex); // Set the default output color to the ambient light value for all pixels. color = ambientColor; // Invert the light direction for calculations. lightDir = -lightDirection; // Calculate the amount of light on this pixel. lightIntensity = saturate(dot(input.normal, lightDir)); if(lightIntensity > 0.0f) { // Determine the final diffuse color based on the diffuse color and the amount of light intensity. color += (diffuseColor * lightIntensity); } // Saturate the final light color. color = saturate(color); // Multiply the texture pixel and the final diffuse color to get the final pixel color result. color = color * textureColor; return color; }

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  • C# Neural Networks with Encog

    - by JoshReuben
    Neural Networks ·       I recently read a book Introduction to Neural Networks for C# , by Jeff Heaton. http://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Neural-Networks-C-2nd/dp/1604390093/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1296821004&sr=8-2-spell. Not the 1st ANN book I've perused, but a nice revision.   ·       Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are a mechanism of machine learning – see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neural_network , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Machine_learning ·       Problems Not Suited to a Neural Network Solution- Programs that are easily written out as flowcharts consisting of well-defined steps, program logic that is unlikely to change, problems in which you must know exactly how the solution was derived. ·       Problems Suited to a Neural Network – pattern recognition, classification, series prediction, and data mining. Pattern recognition - network attempts to determine if the input data matches a pattern that it has been trained to recognize. Classification - take input samples and classify them into fuzzy groups. ·       As far as machine learning approaches go, I thing SVMs are superior (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_vector_machine ) - a neural network has certain disadvantages in comparison: an ANN can be overtrained, different training sets can produce non-deterministic weights and it is not possible to discern the underlying decision function of an ANN from its weight matrix – they are black box. ·       In this post, I'm not going to go into internals (believe me I know them). An autoassociative network (e.g. a Hopfield network) will echo back a pattern if it is recognized. ·       Under the hood, there is very little maths. In a nutshell - Some simple matrix operations occur during training: the input array is processed (normalized into bipolar values of 1, -1) - transposed from input column vector into a row vector, these are subject to matrix multiplication and then subtraction of the identity matrix to get a contribution matrix. The dot product is taken against the weight matrix to yield a boolean match result. For backpropogation training, a derivative function is required. In learning, hill climbing mechanisms such as Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing are used to escape local minima. For unsupervised training, such as found in Self Organizing Maps used for OCR, Hebbs rule is applied. ·       The purpose of this post is not to mire you in technical and conceptual details, but to show you how to leverage neural networks via an abstraction API - Encog   Encog ·       Encog is a neural network API ·       Links to Encog: http://www.encog.org , http://www.heatonresearch.com/encog, http://www.heatonresearch.com/forum ·       Encog requires .Net 3.5 or higher – there is also a Silverlight version. Third-Party Libraries – log4net and nunit. ·       Encog supports feedforward, recurrent, self-organizing maps, radial basis function and Hopfield neural networks. ·       Encog neural networks, and related data, can be stored in .EG XML files. ·       Encog Workbench allows you to edit, train and visualize neural networks. The Encog Workbench can generate code. Synapses and layers ·       the primary building blocks - Almost every neural network will have, at a minimum, an input and output layer. In some cases, the same layer will function as both input and output layer. ·       To adapt a problem to a neural network, you must determine how to feed the problem into the input layer of a neural network, and receive the solution through the output layer of a neural network. ·       The Input Layer - For each input neuron, one double value is stored. An array is passed as input to a layer. Encog uses the interface INeuralData to hold these arrays. The class BasicNeuralData implements the INeuralData interface. Once the neural network processes the input, an INeuralData based class will be returned from the neural network's output layer. ·       convert a double array into an INeuralData object : INeuralData data = new BasicNeuralData(= new double[10]); ·       the Output Layer- The neural network outputs an array of doubles, wraped in a class based on the INeuralData interface. ·        The real power of a neural network comes from its pattern recognition capabilities. The neural network should be able to produce the desired output even if the input has been slightly distorted. ·       Hidden Layers– optional. between the input and output layers. very much a “black box”. If the structure of the hidden layer is too simple it may not learn the problem. If the structure is too complex, it will learn the problem but will be very slow to train and execute. Some neural networks have no hidden layers. The input layer may be directly connected to the output layer. Further, some neural networks have only a single layer. A single layer neural network has the single layer self-connected. ·       connections, called synapses, contain individual weight matrixes. These values are changed as the neural network learns. Constructing a Neural Network ·       the XOR operator is a frequent “first example” -the “Hello World” application for neural networks. ·       The XOR Operator- only returns true when both inputs differ. 0 XOR 0 = 0 1 XOR 0 = 1 0 XOR 1 = 1 1 XOR 1 = 0 ·       Structuring a Neural Network for XOR  - two inputs to the XOR operator and one output. ·       input: 0.0,0.0 1.0,0.0 0.0,1.0 1.0,1.0 ·       Expected output: 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 ·       A Perceptron - a simple feedforward neural network to learn the XOR operator. ·       Because the XOR operator has two inputs and one output, the neural network will follow suit. Additionally, the neural network will have a single hidden layer, with two neurons to help process the data. The choice for 2 neurons in the hidden layer is arbitrary, and often comes down to trial and error. ·       Neuron Diagram for the XOR Network ·       ·       The Encog workbench displays neural networks on a layer-by-layer basis. ·       Encog Layer Diagram for the XOR Network:   ·       Create a BasicNetwork - Three layers are added to this network. the FinalizeStructure method must be called to inform the network that no more layers are to be added. The call to Reset randomizes the weights in the connections between these layers. var network = new BasicNetwork(); network.AddLayer(new BasicLayer(2)); network.AddLayer(new BasicLayer(2)); network.AddLayer(new BasicLayer(1)); network.Structure.FinalizeStructure(); network.Reset(); ·       Neural networks frequently start with a random weight matrix. This provides a starting point for the training methods. These random values will be tested and refined into an acceptable solution. However, sometimes the initial random values are too far off. Sometimes it may be necessary to reset the weights again, if training is ineffective. These weights make up the long-term memory of the neural network. Additionally, some layers have threshold values that also contribute to the long-term memory of the neural network. Some neural networks also contain context layers, which give the neural network a short-term memory as well. The neural network learns by modifying these weight and threshold values. ·       Now that the neural network has been created, it must be trained. Training a Neural Network ·       construct a INeuralDataSet object - contains the input array and the expected output array (of corresponding range). Even though there is only one output value, we must still use a two-dimensional array to represent the output. public static double[][] XOR_INPUT ={ new double[2] { 0.0, 0.0 }, new double[2] { 1.0, 0.0 }, new double[2] { 0.0, 1.0 }, new double[2] { 1.0, 1.0 } };   public static double[][] XOR_IDEAL = { new double[1] { 0.0 }, new double[1] { 1.0 }, new double[1] { 1.0 }, new double[1] { 0.0 } };   INeuralDataSet trainingSet = new BasicNeuralDataSet(XOR_INPUT, XOR_IDEAL); ·       Training is the process where the neural network's weights are adjusted to better produce the expected output. Training will continue for many iterations, until the error rate of the network is below an acceptable level. Encog supports many different types of training. Resilient Propagation (RPROP) - general-purpose training algorithm. All training classes implement the ITrain interface. The RPROP algorithm is implemented by the ResilientPropagation class. Training the neural network involves calling the Iteration method on the ITrain class until the error is below a specific value. The code loops through as many iterations, or epochs, as it takes to get the error rate for the neural network to be below 1%. Once the neural network has been trained, it is ready for use. ITrain train = new ResilientPropagation(network, trainingSet);   for (int epoch=0; epoch < 10000; epoch++) { train.Iteration(); Debug.Print("Epoch #" + epoch + " Error:" + train.Error); if (train.Error > 0.01) break; } Executing a Neural Network ·       Call the Compute method on the BasicNetwork class. Console.WriteLine("Neural Network Results:"); foreach (INeuralDataPair pair in trainingSet) { INeuralData output = network.Compute(pair.Input); Console.WriteLine(pair.Input[0] + "," + pair.Input[1] + ", actual=" + output[0] + ",ideal=" + pair.Ideal[0]); } ·       The Compute method accepts an INeuralData class and also returns a INeuralData object. Neural Network Results: 0.0,0.0, actual=0.002782538818034049,ideal=0.0 1.0,0.0, actual=0.9903741937121177,ideal=1.0 0.0,1.0, actual=0.9836807956566187,ideal=1.0 1.0,1.0, actual=0.0011646072586172778,ideal=0.0 ·       the network has not been trained to give the exact results. This is normal. Because the network was trained to 1% error, each of the results will also be within generally 1% of the expected value.

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  • iftop - how to generate text file with its output?

    - by mickula
    iftop is great tool to view almost live bandwidth usage distinguished by source-ip source-port destination-ip destination port. I'm using it to see which client's ip is using most bandwidth. Now I would like to store output somewhere. iftop uses ncurses so iftop > log.txt does not work as expected, result file is not readable. Is there any tool like this which can be used to pipe output to a text file? Thanks for your replies.

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  • How can I use a delimiter in wmic output, separating columns?

    - by Abhishek Simon
    I want to fetch Windows Hotfix listing with some format, whose output can be separated with some delimiter. so far I found a wmic command which gives me a desired output but the problem is the \s delimiter is not going to work here. Is there a way I can place some , or anyother character, which I can later use in java program to get individual columns? Command wmic qfe get caption,csname,description,hotfixid,installedby,installedon Output Caption CSName Description HotFixID InstalledBy InstalledOn http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=161784 Abhishek Update KB971033 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 3/15/2012 http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=2032276 Abhishek Security Update KB2032276 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 3/15/2012 .. . Update I am trying for /f "tokens=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11" %g in ('wmic qfe get caption,csname,description,fixcomments,hotfixid,installdate,installedby,installedon,name,servicepackineffect,status') do @echo %g,%h,%i,%j,%k,%l,%m,%n,%o,%p but it gives me invalid GET Expression C:\Users\Abhishek\Desktop>for /f "tokens=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11" %g in ('wmic qfe get caption,csname,description,fixcomments,hotfixid,installdate,installedby,installedon,name,servicepackineffect,status') do @echo %g,%h,%i,%j,%k,%l,%m,%n,%o,%p Invalid GET Expression. What is the problem here? This might solve the problem for me . More Update I even tried the below command but this too does not solve space problem Command for /f "tokens=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11" %g in ('wmic qfe list') do @echo %g,%h,%i,%j,%k,%l,%m,%n,%o,%p Output Caption,CSName,Description,FixComments,HotFixID,InstallDate,InstalledBy,InstalledOn,Name,ServicePackInEffect http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=161784,Abhishek,Update,KB971033,NT,AUTHOR,,Y\SYSTEM,3/15/2012, http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=2281679,Abhishek,Security,Update,KB2281679,NT,AUTHORITY\SYSTEM,3/15/2012, http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=2284742,Abhishek,Update,KB2284742,NT,AUTHORIT,,SYSTEM,3/15/2012, http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=2286198,Abhishek,Security,Update,KB2286198,NT,AUTHORITY\SYSTEM,3/15/2012,

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