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  • How To? Use an Expression Tree to call a Generic Method when the Type is only known at runtime.

    - by David Williams
    Please bear with me; I am very new to expression trees and lambda expressions, but trying to learn. This is something that I solved using reflection, but would like to see how to do it using expression trees. I have a generic function: private void DoSomeThing<T>( param object[] args ) { // Some work is done here. } that I need to call from else where in my class. Now, normally, this would be be simple: DoSomeThing<int>( blah ); but only if I know, at design time that I am working with an int. When I do not know the type until runtime is where I need the help. Like I said, I know how to do it via reflection, but I would like to do it via expression trees, as my (very limited) understanding is that I can do so. Any suggestions or points to sites where I can get this understanding, preferably with sample code?

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  • How to create a dynamic Linq Join extension method

    - by Royd Brayshay
    There was a library of dynamic Linq extensions methods released as a sample with VS2008. I'd like to extend it with a Join method. The code below fails with a parameter miss match exception at run time. Can anyone find the problem? public static IQueryable Join(this IQueryable outer, IEnumerable inner, string outerSelector, string innerSelector, string resultsSelector, params object[] values) { if (inner == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("inner"); if (outerSelector == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("outerSelector"); if (innerSelector == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("innerSelector"); if (resultsSelector == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("resultsSelctor"); LambdaExpression outerSelectorLambda = DynamicExpression.ParseLambda(outer.ElementType, null, outerSelector, values); LambdaExpression innerSelectorLambda = DynamicExpression.ParseLambda(inner.AsQueryable().ElementType, null, innerSelector, values); ParameterExpression[] parameters = new ParameterExpression[] { Expression.Parameter(outer.ElementType, "outer"), Expression.Parameter(inner.AsQueryable().ElementType, "inner") }; LambdaExpression resultsSelectorLambda = DynamicExpression.ParseLambda(parameters, null, resultsSelector, values); return outer.Provider.CreateQuery( Expression.Call( typeof(Queryable), "Join", new Type[] { outer.ElementType, inner.AsQueryable().ElementType, outerSelectorLambda.Body.Type, innerSelectorLambda.Body.Type, resultsSelectorLambda.Body.Type }, outer.Expression, inner.AsQueryable().Expression, Expression.Quote(outerSelectorLambda), Expression.Quote(innerSelectorLambda), Expression.Quote(resultsSelectorLambda))); } I've now fixed it myself, here's the answer. Please vote it up or add a better one.

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  • Compilation error while compiling an existing code base

    - by brijesh
    Hi, While building an existing code base on Mac OS using its native build setup I am getting some basic strange error while compilation phase. /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/usr/include/gcc/darwin/3.3/c++/bits/locale_facets.h: In constructor 'std::collate_byname<_CharT::collate_byname(const char*, size_t)': /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/usr/include/gcc/darwin/3.3/c++/bits/locale_facets.h:1072: error: '_M_c_locale_collate' was not declared in this scope /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/usr/include/gcc/darwin/3.3/c++/ppc-darwin/bits/messages_members.h: In constructor 'std::messages_byname<_CharT::messages_byname(const char*, size_t)': /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/usr/include/gcc/darwin/3.3/c++/ppc-darwin/bits/messages_members.h:79: error: '_M_c_locale_messages' was not declared in this scope /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/usr/include/gcc/darwin/3.3/c++/limits: At global scope: /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/usr/include/gcc/darwin/3.3/c++/limits:897: error: 'float __builtin_huge_valf()' cannot appear in a constant-expression /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/usr/include/gcc/darwin/3.3/c++/limits:897: error: a function call cannot appear in a constant-expression /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/usr/include/gcc/darwin/3.3/c++/limits:897: error: 'float __builtin_huge_valf()' cannot appear in a constant-expression /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/usr/include/gcc/darwin/3.3/c++/limits:897: error: a function call cannot appear in a constant-expression /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/usr/include/gcc/darwin/3.3/c++/limits:899: error: 'float __builtin_nanf(const char*)' cannot appear in a constant-expression /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/usr/include/gcc/darwin/3.3/c++/limits:899: error: a function call cannot appear in a constant-expression /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/usr/include/gcc/darwin/3.3/c++/limits:899: error: 'float __builtin_nanf(const char*)' cannot appear in a constant-expression /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/usr/include/gcc/darwin/3.3/c++/limits:899: error: a function call cannot appear in a constant-expression /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/usr/include/gcc/darwin/3.3/c++/limits:900: error: field initializer is not constant /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/usr/include/gcc/darwin/3.3/c++/limits:915: error: field initializer is not constant

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  • Passing in a lambda to a Where statement

    - by sonicblis
    I noticed today that if I do this: var items = context.items.Where(i => i.Property < 2); items = items.Where(i => i.Property > 4); Once I access the items var, it executes only the first line as the data call and then does the second call in memory. However, if I do this: var items = context.items.Where(i => i.Property < 2).Where(i => i.Property > 4); I get only one expression executed against the context that includes both where statements. I have a host of variables that I want to use to build the expression for the linq lambda, but their presence or absence changes the expression such that I'd have to have a rediculous number of conditionals to satisfy all cases. I thought I could just add the Where() statements as in my first example above, but that doesn't end up in a single expression that contains all of the criteria. Therefore, I'm trying to create just the lambda itself as such: //bogus syntax if (var1 == "something") var expression = Expression<Func<item, bool>>(i => i.Property == "Something); if (var2 == "somethingElse") expression = expression.Where(i => i.Property2 == "SomethingElse"); And then pass that in to the where of my context.Items to evaluate. A) is this right, and B) if so, how do you do it?

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  • Creating a sort function for a generic list

    - by Andrey
    I have a method for sorting generic lists by the object fields: public static IQueryable<T> SortTable<T>(IQueryable<T> q, string sortfield, bool ascending) { var p = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "p"); if (typeof(T).GetProperty(sortfield).PropertyType == typeof(int?)) { var x = Expression.Lambda<Func<T, int?>>(Expression.Property(p, sortfield), p); if (ascending) q = q.OrderBy(x); else q = q.OrderByDescending(x); } else if (typeof(T).GetProperty(sortfield).PropertyType == typeof(int)) { var x = Expression.Lambda<Func<T, int>>(Expression.Property(p, sortfield), p); if (ascending) q = q.OrderBy(x); else q = q.OrderByDescending(x); } else if (typeof(T).GetProperty(sortfield).PropertyType == typeof(DateTime)) { var x = Expression.Lambda<Func<T, DateTime>>(Expression.Property(p, sortfield), p); if (ascending) q = q.OrderBy(x); else q = q.OrderByDescending(x); } // many more for every type return q; } Is there any way I can collapse those ifs to a single generic statement? The main problem is that for the part Expression.Lambda<Func<T, int>> I am not sure how to write it generically.

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  • All Xen domU LVM volumes corrupt after reboot

    - by zcs
    I'm running a Debian Squeeze dom0, and after rebooting it all 7 of my domUs have data corruption. Each is setup as ext3 partition directly on a separate lvm2 volume. None of the lvm volumes will mount; all have bad superblocks. I've tried e2fsck with each superblock to no avail. What else can I try? Each domU has two LVM volumes connected to it, one for the disk and one for swap. The disk is mounted at root, formatted as a normal ext3 partition as a xen-blk device. The volumes are never mounted outside of the guest OS. I'm running Ubuntu 11.04 using the instructions here. I'm not sure that they didn't shutdown properly, all I know is they were corrupt after I issues a clean 'reboot' on the dom0. Here's a sample Xen config file; the rest are the same except for name, vcpus, memory, vif and disk. name = 'load1' vcpus = 2 memory = 512 vif = ['bridge=prbr0', 'bridge=eth0'] disk = ['phy:/dev/VolGroup00/load1-disk,xvda,w','phy:/dev/VolGroup00/load1-swap,xvdb,w'] #============================================================================ # Debian Installer specific variables def check_bool(name, value): value = str(value).lower() if value in ('t', 'tr', 'tru', 'true'): return True return False global var_check_with_default def var_check_with_default(default, var, val): if val: return val return default xm_vars.var('install', use='Install Debian, default: false', check=check_bool) xm_vars.var("install-method", use='Installation method to use "cdrom" or "network" (default: network)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('network', var, val)) # install-method == "network" xm_vars.var("install-mirror", use='Debian mirror to install from (default: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu', var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-suite", use='Debian suite to install (default: natty)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('natty', var, val)) # install-method == "cdrom" xm_vars.var("install-media", use='Installation media to use (default: None)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-cdrom-device", use='Installation media to use (default: xvdd)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('xvdd', var, val)) # Common options xm_vars.var("install-arch", use='Debian mirror to install from (default: amd64)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('amd64', var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-extra", use='Extra command line options (default: None)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-installer", use='Debian installer to use (default: network uses install-mirror; cdrom uses /install.ARCH)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-kernel", use='Debian installer kernel to use (default: uses install-installer)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-ramdisk", use='Debian installer ramdisk to use (default: uses install-installer)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.check() if not xm_vars.env.get('install'): bootloader="/usr/sbin/pygrub" elif xm_vars.env['install-method'] == "network": import os.path print "Install Mirror: %s" % xm_vars.env['install-mirror'] print "Install Suite: %s" % xm_vars.env['install-suite'] if xm_vars.env['install-installer']: installer = xm_vars.env['install-installer'] else: installer = xm_vars.env['install-mirror']+"/dists/"+xm_vars.env['install-suite'] + \ "/main/installer-"+xm_vars.env['install-arch']+"/current/images" print "Installer: %s" % installer print print "WARNING: Installer kernel and ramdisk are not authenticated." print if xm_vars.env.get('install-kernel'): kernelurl = xm_vars.env['install-kernel'] else: kernelurl = installer + "/netboot/xen/vmlinuz" if xm_vars.env.get('install-ramdisk'): ramdiskurl = xm_vars.env['install-ramdisk'] else: ramdiskurl = installer + "/netboot/xen/initrd.gz" import urllib class MyUrlOpener(urllib.FancyURLopener): def http_error_default(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs): raise IOError("%s %s" % (code, msg)) urlopener = MyUrlOpener() try: print "Fetching %s" % kernelurl kernel, _ = urlopener.retrieve(kernelurl) print "Fetching %s" % ramdiskurl ramdisk, _ = urlopener.retrieve(ramdiskurl) except IOError, _: raise elif xm_vars.env['install-method'] == "cdrom": arch_path = { 'i386': "/install.386", 'amd64': "/install.amd" } if xm_vars.env['install-media']: print "Install Media: %s" % xm_vars.env['install-media'] else: raise OptionError("No installation media given.") if xm_vars.env['install-installer']: installer = xm_vars.env['install-installer'] else: installer = arch_path[xm_vars.env['install-arch']] print "Installer: %s" % installer if xm_vars.env.get('install-kernel'): kernelpath = xm_vars.env['install-kernel'] else: kernelpath = installer + "/xen/vmlinuz" if xm_vars.env.get('install-ramdisk'): ramdiskpath = xm_vars.env['install-ramdisk'] else: ramdiskpath = installer + "/xen/initrd.gz" disk.insert(0, 'file:%s,%s:cdrom,r' % (xm_vars.env['install-media'], xm_vars.env['install-cdrom-device'])) bootloader="/usr/sbin/pygrub" bootargs="--kernel=%s --ramdisk=%s" % (kernelpath, ramdiskpath) print "From CD" else: print "WARNING: Unknown install-method: %s." % xm_vars.env['install-method'] if xm_vars.env.get('install'): # Figure out command line if xm_vars.env['install-extra']: extras=[xm_vars.env['install-extra']] else: extras=[] # Reboot will just restart the installer since this file is not # reparsed, so halt and restart that way. extras.append("debian-installer/exit/always_halt=true") extras.append("--") extras.append("quiet") console="hvc0" try: if len(vfb) >= 1: console="tty0" except NameError, e: pass extras.append("console="+ console) extra = str.join(" ", extras) print "command line is \"%s\"" % extra root There are two LVM logical volumes connected to each VM. Here's the fdisk -l output for the disk volume: Disk /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-disk: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00029c01 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-disk1 1 1045 8386560 83 Linux And the swap volume: Disk /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-swap: 536 MB, 536870912 bytes 37 heads, 35 sectors/track, 809 cylinders Units = cylinders of 1295 * 512 = 663040 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004faae Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-swap1 2 809 522240 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition 1 has different physical/logical beginnings (non-Linux?): phys=(0, 32, 33) logical=(1, 21, 19) Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings: phys=(65, 36, 35) logical=(808, 4, 28)

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  • Blackjack game reshuffling problem

    - by Jam
    I am trying to make a blackjack game where before each new round, the program checks to make sure that the deck has 7 cards per player. And if it doesn't, the deck clears, repopulates, and reshuffles. I have most of the problem down, but for some reason at the start of every deal it reshuffles the deck more than once, and I can't figure out why. Help, please. Here's what I have so far: (P.S. the imported cards and games modules aren't part of the problem, I'm fairly sure my problem lies in the deal() function of my BJ_Deck class.) import cards, games class BJ_Card(cards.Card): """ A Blackjack Card. """ ACE_VALUE = 1 def get_value(self): if self.is_face_up: value = BJ_Card.RANKS.index(self.rank) + 1 if value > 10: value = 10 else: value = None return value value = property(get_value) class BJ_Deck(cards.Deck): """ A Blackjack Deck. """ def populate(self): for suit in BJ_Card.SUITS: for rank in BJ_Card.RANKS: self.cards.append(BJ_Card(rank, suit)) def deal(self, hands, per_hand=1): for rounds in range(per_hand): for hand in hands: if len(self.cards)>=7*(len(hands)): top_card=self.cards[0] self.give(top_card, hand) else: print "Reshuffling the deck." self.cards=[] self.populate() self.shuffle() top_card=self.cards[0] self.give(top_card, hand) class BJ_Hand(cards.Hand): """ A Blackjack Hand. """ def init(self, name): super(BJ_Hand, self).init() self.name = name def __str__(self): rep = self.name + ":\t" + super(BJ_Hand, self).__str__() if self.total: rep += "(" + str(self.total) + ")" return rep def get_total(self): # if a card in the hand has value of None, then total is None for card in self.cards: if not card.value: return None # add up card values, treat each Ace as 1 total = 0 for card in self.cards: total += card.value # determine if hand contains an Ace contains_ace = False for card in self.cards: if card.value == BJ_Card.ACE_VALUE: contains_ace = True # if hand contains Ace and total is low enough, treat Ace as 11 if contains_ace and total <= 11: # add only 10 since we've already added 1 for the Ace total += 10 return total total = property(get_total) def is_busted(self): return self.total > 21 class BJ_Player(BJ_Hand): """ A Blackjack Player. """ def is_hitting(self): response = games.ask_yes_no("\n" + self.name + ", do you want a hit? (Y/N): ") return response == "y" def bust(self): print self.name, "busts." self.lose() def lose(self): print self.name, "loses." def win(self): print self.name, "wins." def push(self): print self.name, "pushes." class BJ_Dealer(BJ_Hand): """ A Blackjack Dealer. """ def is_hitting(self): return self.total < 17 def bust(self): print self.name, "busts." def flip_first_card(self): first_card = self.cards[0] first_card.flip() class BJ_Game(object): """ A Blackjack Game. """ def init(self, names): self.players = [] for name in names: player = BJ_Player(name) self.players.append(player) self.dealer = BJ_Dealer("Dealer") self.deck = BJ_Deck() self.deck.populate() self.deck.shuffle() def get_still_playing(self): remaining = [] for player in self.players: if not player.is_busted(): remaining.append(player) return remaining # list of players still playing (not busted) this round still_playing = property(get_still_playing) def __additional_cards(self, player): while not player.is_busted() and player.is_hitting(): self.deck.deal([player]) print player if player.is_busted(): player.bust() def play(self): # deal initial 2 cards to everyone self.deck.deal(self.players + [self.dealer], per_hand = 2) self.dealer.flip_first_card() # hide dealer's first card for player in self.players: print player print self.dealer # deal additional cards to players for player in self.players: self.__additional_cards(player) self.dealer.flip_first_card() # reveal dealer's first if not self.still_playing: # since all players have busted, just show the dealer's hand print self.dealer else: # deal additional cards to dealer print self.dealer self.__additional_cards(self.dealer) if self.dealer.is_busted(): # everyone still playing wins for player in self.still_playing: player.win() else: # compare each player still playing to dealer for player in self.still_playing: if player.total > self.dealer.total: player.win() elif player.total < self.dealer.total: player.lose() else: player.push() # remove everyone's cards for player in self.players: player.clear() self.dealer.clear() def main(): print "\t\tWelcome to Blackjack!\n" names = [] number = games.ask_number("How many players? (1 - 7): ", low = 1, high = 8) for i in range(number): name = raw_input("Enter player name: ") names.append(name) print game = BJ_Game(names) again = None while again != "n": game.play() again = games.ask_yes_no("\nDo you want to play again?: ") main() raw_input("\n\nPress the enter key to exit.")

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  • Problem with script to add/delete from database

    - by Jason
    Ok - the user enters a product code, price and name using a form - the script then either adds it to the database or deletes it from the database. If the user is trying to delete a product that is not in the database they get a error message. Upon successful adding/deleting they also get a message. However, when I test it - I just get a blank page. Perl doesnt come up with any warnings, syntax errors or anything - says everything is fine... but I still just get a blank page. The script... #!/usr/bin/perl #c09ex5.cgi - saves data to and removes data from a database print "Content-type: text/html\n\n"; use CGI qw(:standard); use SDBM_File; use Fcntl; use strict; #declare variables my ($code, $name, $price, $button, $codes, $names, $prices); #assign values to variables $code = param('Code'); $name = param('Name'); $price = param('Price'); $button = param('Button'); ($code, $name, $price) = format_input(); ($codes, $names, $prices) = ($code, $name, $price); if ($button eq "Save") { add(); } elsif ($button eq "Delete") { remove(); } exit; sub format_input { $codes =~ s/^ +//; $codes =~ s/ +$//; $codes =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/; $codes =~ tr/ //d; $names =~ s/^ +//; $names =~ s/ +$//; $names =~ tr/ //d; $names = uc($names); $prices =~ s/^ +//; $prices =~ s/ +$//; $prices =~ tr/ //d; $prices =~ tr/$//d; } sub add { #declare variable my %candles; #open database, format and add record, close database tie(%candles, "SDBM_File", "candlelist", O_CREAT|O_RDWR, 0666) or die "Error opening candlelist. $!, stopped"; format_vars(); $candles{$codes} = "$names,$prices"; untie(%candles); #create web page print "<HTML>\n"; print "<HEAD><TITLE>Candles Unlimited</TITLE></HEAD>\n"; print "<BODY>\n"; print "<FONT SIZE=4>Thank you, the following product has been added.<BR>\n"; print "Candle: $codes $names $prices</FONT>\n"; print "</BODY></HTML>\n"; } #end add sub remove { #declare variables my (%candles, $msg); tie(%candles, "SDBM_File", "candlelist", O_RDWR, 0) or die "Error opening candlelist. $!, stopped"; format_vars(); #determine if the product is listed if (exists($candles{$codes})) { delete($candles{$codes}); $msg = "The candle $codes $names $prices has been removed."; } else { $msg = "The product you entered is not in the database"; } #close database untie(%candles); #create web page print "<HTML>\n"; print "<HEAD><TITLE>Candles Unlimited</TITLE></HEAD>\n"; print "<BODY>\n"; print "<H1>Candles Unlimited</H1>\n"; print "$msg\n"; print "</BODY></HTML>\n"; }

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  • Why do I get a blank page from my Perl CGI script?

    - by Jason
    The user enters a product code, price and name using a form. The script then either adds it to the database or deletes it from the database. If the user is trying to delete a product that is not in the database they get a error message. Upon successful adding or deleting they also get a message. However, when I test it I just get a blank page. Perl doesnt come up with any warnings, syntax errors or anything; says everything is fine, but I still just get a blank page. The script: #!/usr/bin/perl #c09ex5.cgi - saves data to and removes data from a database print "Content-type: text/html\n\n"; use CGI qw(:standard); use SDBM_File; use Fcntl; use strict; #declare variables my ($code, $name, $price, $button, $codes, $names, $prices); #assign values to variables $code = param('Code'); $name = param('Name'); $price = param('Price'); $button = param('Button'); ($code, $name, $price) = format_input(); ($codes, $names, $prices) = ($code, $name, $price); if ($button eq "Save") { add(); } elsif ($button eq "Delete") { remove(); } exit; sub format_input { $codes =~ s/^ +//; $codes =~ s/ +$//; $codes =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/; $codes =~ tr/ //d; $names =~ s/^ +//; $names =~ s/ +$//; $names =~ tr/ //d; $names = uc($names); $prices =~ s/^ +//; $prices =~ s/ +$//; $prices =~ tr/ //d; $prices =~ tr/$//d; } sub add { #declare variable my %candles; #open database, format and add record, close database tie(%candles, "SDBM_File", "candlelist", O_CREAT|O_RDWR, 0666) or die "Error opening candlelist. $!, stopped"; format_vars(); $candles{$codes} = "$names,$prices"; untie(%candles); #create web page print "<HTML>\n"; print "<HEAD><TITLE>Candles Unlimited</TITLE></HEAD>\n"; print "<BODY>\n"; print "<FONT SIZE=4>Thank you, the following product has been added.<BR>\n"; print "Candle: $codes $names $prices</FONT>\n"; print "</BODY></HTML>\n"; } #end add sub remove { #declare variables my (%candles, $msg); tie(%candles, "SDBM_File", "candlelist", O_RDWR, 0) or die "Error opening candlelist. $!, stopped"; format_vars(); #determine if the product is listed if (exists($candles{$codes})) { delete($candles{$codes}); $msg = "The candle $codes $names $prices has been removed."; } else { $msg = "The product you entered is not in the database"; } #close database untie(%candles); #create web page print "<HTML>\n"; print "<HEAD><TITLE>Candles Unlimited</TITLE></HEAD>\n"; print "<BODY>\n"; print "<H1>Candles Unlimited</H1>\n"; print "$msg\n"; print "</BODY></HTML>\n"; }

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  • Python Ctypes Read/WriteProcessMemory() - Error 5/998 Help!

    - by user299805
    Please don't get scared but the following code, if you are familiar with ctypes or C it should be easy to read. I have been trying to get my ReadProcessMemory() and WriteProcessMemory() functions to be working for so long and have tried almost every possibility but the right one. It launches the target program, returns its PID and handle just fine. But I always get a error code of 5 - ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED. When I run the read function(forget the write for now). I am launching this program as what I believe to be a CHILD process with PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS or CREATE_PRESERVE_CODE_AUTHZ_LEVEL. I have also tried PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS and PROCESS_VM_READ when I open the handle. I can also say that it is a valid memory location because I can find it on the running program with CheatEngine. As for VirtualQuery() I get an error code of 998 - ERROR_NOACCESS which further confirms my suspicion of it being some security/privilege problem. Any help or ideas would be very appreciated, again, it's my whole program so far, don't let it scare you =P. from ctypes import * from ctypes.wintypes import BOOL import binascii BYTE = c_ubyte WORD = c_ushort DWORD = c_ulong LPBYTE = POINTER(c_ubyte) LPTSTR = POINTER(c_char) HANDLE = c_void_p PVOID = c_void_p LPVOID = c_void_p UNIT_PTR = c_ulong SIZE_T = c_ulong class STARTUPINFO(Structure): _fields_ = [("cb", DWORD), ("lpReserved", LPTSTR), ("lpDesktop", LPTSTR), ("lpTitle", LPTSTR), ("dwX", DWORD), ("dwY", DWORD), ("dwXSize", DWORD), ("dwYSize", DWORD), ("dwXCountChars", DWORD), ("dwYCountChars", DWORD), ("dwFillAttribute",DWORD), ("dwFlags", DWORD), ("wShowWindow", WORD), ("cbReserved2", WORD), ("lpReserved2", LPBYTE), ("hStdInput", HANDLE), ("hStdOutput", HANDLE), ("hStdError", HANDLE),] class PROCESS_INFORMATION(Structure): _fields_ = [("hProcess", HANDLE), ("hThread", HANDLE), ("dwProcessId", DWORD), ("dwThreadId", DWORD),] class MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION(Structure): _fields_ = [("BaseAddress", PVOID), ("AllocationBase", PVOID), ("AllocationProtect", DWORD), ("RegionSize", SIZE_T), ("State", DWORD), ("Protect", DWORD), ("Type", DWORD),] class SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES(Structure): _fields_ = [("Length", DWORD), ("SecDescriptor", LPVOID), ("InheritHandle", BOOL)] class Main(): def __init__(self): self.h_process = None self.pid = None def launch(self, path_to_exe): CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE = 0x00000010 CREATE_PRESERVE_CODE_AUTHZ_LEVEL = 0x02000000 startupinfo = STARTUPINFO() process_information = PROCESS_INFORMATION() security_attributes = SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES() startupinfo.dwFlags = 0x1 startupinfo.wShowWindow = 0x0 startupinfo.cb = sizeof(startupinfo) security_attributes.Length = sizeof(security_attributes) security_attributes.SecDescriptior = None security_attributes.InheritHandle = True if windll.kernel32.CreateProcessA(path_to_exe, None, byref(security_attributes), byref(security_attributes), True, CREATE_PRESERVE_CODE_AUTHZ_LEVEL, None, None, byref(startupinfo), byref(process_information)): self.pid = process_information.dwProcessId print "Success: CreateProcess - ", path_to_exe else: print "Failed: Create Process - Error code: ", windll.kernel32.GetLastError() def get_handle(self, pid): PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS = 0x001F0FFF PROCESS_VM_READ = 0x0010 self.h_process = windll.kernel32.OpenProcess(PROCESS_VM_READ, False, pid) if self.h_process: print "Success: Got Handle - PID:", self.pid else: print "Failed: Get Handle - Error code: ", windll.kernel32.GetLastError() windll.kernel32.SetLastError(10000) def read_memory(self, address): buffer = c_char_p("The data goes here") bufferSize = len(buffer.value) bytesRead = c_ulong(0) if windll.kernel32.ReadProcessMemory(self.h_process, address, buffer, bufferSize, byref(bytesRead)): print "Success: Read Memory - ", buffer.value else: print "Failed: Read Memory - Error Code: ", windll.kernel32.GetLastError() windll.kernel32.CloseHandle(self.h_process) windll.kernel32.SetLastError(10000) def write_memory(self, address, data): count = c_ulong(0) length = len(data) c_data = c_char_p(data[count.value:]) null = c_int(0) if not windll.kernel32.WriteProcessMemory(self.h_process, address, c_data, length, byref(count)): print "Failed: Write Memory - Error Code: ", windll.kernel32.GetLastError() windll.kernel32.SetLastError(10000) else: return False def virtual_query(self, address): basic_memory_info = MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION() windll.kernel32.SetLastError(10000) result = windll.kernel32.VirtualQuery(address, byref(basic_memory_info), byref(basic_memory_info)) if result: return True else: print "Failed: Virtual Query - Error Code: ", windll.kernel32.GetLastError() main = Main() address = None main.launch("C:\Program Files\ProgramFolder\Program.exe") main.get_handle(main.pid) #main.write_memory(address, "\x61") while 1: print '1 to enter an address' print '2 to virtual query address' print '3 to read address' choice = raw_input('Choice: ') if choice == '1': address = raw_input('Enter and address: ') if choice == '2': main.virtual_query(address) if choice == '3': main.read_memory(address) Thanks!

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  • Most idiomatic way to print a time difference in Java?

    - by Zombies
    I'm familiar with printing time difference in milliseconds: long time = System.currentTimeMillis(); //do something that takes some time... long completedIn = System.currentTimeMillis() - time(); But, is there a nice way print a complete time in a specified format (eg: HH:MM:SS) either using Apache Commons or even the dreaded platform API's Date/Time objects? In other words, what is the shortest, simplest, no nonsense way to write this in Java?

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  • How do I eliminate TT's "Wide character in print" warning ?

    - by planetp
    I have this warning every time I run my CGI-script (output is rendered by Template::Toolkit): Wide character in print at /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.9/mach/Template.pm line 163. What's the right way to eliminate it? I create the tt object using this config: my %config = ( ENCODING => 'utf8', INCLUDE_PATH => $ENV{TEMPLATES_DIR}, EVAL_PERL => 1, } my $tt = Template->new(\%config);

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  • Using Complex datatype with python SUDS client

    - by sachin
    hi, I am trying to call webservice from python client using SUDS. When I call a function with a complex data type as input parameter, it is not passed correctly, but complex data type is getting returned correctly froma webservice call. Webservice Type: Soap Binding 1.1 Document/Literal Webserver: Weblogic 10.3 Python Version: 2.6.5, SUDS version: 0.3.9 here is the code I am using: Python Client: from suds.client import Client url = 'http://192.168.1.3:7001/WebServiceSecurityOWSM-simple_ws-context-root/SimpleServicePort?WSDL' client = Client(url) print client #simple function with no operation on input... result = client.service.sopHello() print result result = client.service.add10(10) print result params = client.factory.create('paramBean') print params params.intval = 10 params.longval = 20 params.strval = 'string value' #print "params" print params try: result = client.service.printParamBean(params) print result except WebFault, e: print e try: result = client.service.modifyParamBean(params) print result except WebFault, e: print e print params webservice java class: package simple_ws; import javax.jws.Oneway; import javax.jws.WebMethod; import javax.jws.WebService; import javax.jws.soap.SOAPBinding; public class SimpleService { public SimpleService() { } public void sopHello(int i) { System.out.println("sopHello: hello"); } public int add10(int i) { System.out.println("add10:"); return 10+i; } public void printParamBean(ParamBean pb) { System.out.println(pb); } public ParamBean modifyParamBean(ParamBean pb) { System.out.println(pb); pb.setIntval(pb.getIntval()+10); pb.setStrval(pb.getStrval()+"blah blah"); pb.setLongval(pb.getLongval()+200); return pb; } } and the bean Class: package simple_ws; public class ParamBean { int intval; String strval; long longval; public void setIntval(int intval) { this.intval = intval; } public int getIntval() { return intval; } public void setStrval(String strval) { this.strval = strval; } public String getStrval() { return strval; } public void setLongval(long longval) { this.longval = longval; } public long getLongval() { return longval; } public String toString() { String stri = "\nInt val:" +intval; String strstr = "\nstrval val:" +strval; String strl = "\nlong val:" +longval; return stri+strstr+strl; } } so, as issue is like this: on call: client.service.printParamBean(params) in python client, output on server side is: Int val:0 strval val:null long val:0 but on call: client.service.modifyParamBean(params) Client output is: (reply){ intval = 10 longval = 200 strval = "nullblah blah" } What am i doing wrong here??

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  • Why eclipse + pydev print() output look strange with two strings?

    - by srisar
    hay all, I just did the following: a = input("give a word: ") b = input("give another word: ") c = a + " " + b print("result is", c) and get the output as follows: give a word: name give another word: word result is name word my question is why the output on pydev or eclipse console in two lines? i expected to output as follows: give a word: name give another word: word result is name word how and why this happens to me? on cmd its looking fine??!!

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  • Perl - Check if contents of one file exist in another and print to output file explaination in descr

    - by golwalkar.rohan
    Requirement:- File1 has contents like - ABCD00000001,\some\some1\ABCD00000001,Y,,5 (this indicates there are 5 file in total in unit) File2 has contents as ABCD00000001 So what i need to do is check if ABCD00000001 from File2 exist in File1 - if yes{ print the output to Output.txt till it finds another ',Y,,X'} else{ No keep checking} Anyone? Any help is greatly appreciated.

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  • Convert html/css print media display to .doc with appropriate page breaks?

    - by DevelopingChris
    I'm looking to export a page that looks good in print media, to word. Can this be done automatically, or mostly automatically with office apis? The alternative is to create a program that reads all our style meta data and font meta data and convert to word and force a download. The issue is our style metadata is already built for css, its a web app after all. And writing my own css parser, doesn't sound like a good use of time.

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