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  • python mock patch : a method of instance is called?

    - by JuanPablo
    In python 2.7, I have this function from slacker import Slacker def post_message(token, channel, message): channel = '#{}'.format(channel) slack = Slacker(token) slack.chat.post_message(channel, message) with mock and patch, I can check that the token is used in Slacker class import unittest from mock import patch from slacker_cli import post_message class TestMessage(unittest.TestCase): @patch('slacker_cli.Slacker') def test_post_message_use_token(self, mock_slacker): token = 'aaa' channel = 'channel_name' message = 'message string' post_message(token, channel, message) mock_slacker.assert_called_with(token) how I can check the string use in post_message ? I try with mock_slacker.chat.post_message.assert_called_with('#channel') but I get AssertionError: Expected call: post_message('#channel') Not called

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  • When should we use private variables and when should we use properties. Do Backing Fields should be

    - by Shantanu Gupta
    In most of the cases we usually creates a private variable and its corresponding public properties and uses them for performing our functionalities. Everyone has different approach like some people uses properties every where and some uses private variables within a same class as they are private and opens it to be used by external environment by using properties. Suppose I takes a scenario say insertion in a database. I creates some parameters that need to be initialized. I creates 10 private variables and their corresp public properties which are given as private string name; public string Name { get{return name;} set{name=value;} } and so on. In these cases mentioned above, what should be used internal variables or properties. And in those cases like public string Name { get{return name;} set{name=value>5?5:0;} //or any action can be done. this is just an eg. } In such cases what should be done.

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  • How to get the list of country names in a language (english for instance)?

    - by fabien7474
    Using Java, you can get the list of ISO2 codes through Locale.getISOCountries() (see this related question http://stackoverflow.com/questions/712231/best-way-to-get-a-list-of-countries-in-java). However, I would like to have the list of all country names (in English for example) and not the list of ISO2 country codes. How can I do that by programming in Java or Groovy ? Thank you very much, Fabien.

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  • How can I select all records between two dates without using date fields?

    - by Hayden Bech
    Hi, I have a MySQL DB and I need to be able to store dates earlier then 1970 - in my case, as early as 0 AD and earlier too, so I need a custom way to store dates. I have thought to use this format: Year - int(6) | Month -int(2) | day - int (2) | time - time | AD tinyint (1) | mya - int (11) But when it comes to actually using data in this format it becomes difficult. For example, if I want to get all records between two dates it would be like (pseudocode not SQL): get all where year between minYear and maxYear if year == minYear, month = minMonth if year == maxYear, month <= maxMonth if month == minMonth, day = minDay if month == maxMonth, day <= maxDay if day == minDay, time = minTime if day == maxDay, time <= maxTime or something, which seems like a right pain. I could store seconds before/after 0 AD, but that would take up way too much data! 2010 (EDIT: 2011) = 6.4 billion seconds since 0 AD. Does anybody have any ideas for this problem?

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  • How can I find out how much memory an object (rather the instance of an object) of a C++ class consu

    - by Shadow
    Hi, I am developing a Graph-class, based on boost-graph-library. A Graph-object contains a boost-graph, so to say an adjacency_list, and a map. When monitoring the total memory usage of my program, it consumes quite a lot (checked with pmap). Now, I would like to know, how much of the memory is exactly consumed by a filled object of this Graph-class? With filled I mean when the adjacency_list is full of vertices and edges. I found out, that using sizeof() doesn't bring me far. Using valgrind is also not an alternative as there is quite some memory allocation done previously and this makes the usage of valgrind impractical for this purpose. I'm also not interested in what other parts of the program cost in memory, I want to focus on one single object. Thank you.

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  • Can you have an extension method on a type instead of on an instance of a type?

    - by SLC
    I can have an extension method like this: DateTime d = new DateTime(); d = d.GetRandomDate(); GetRandomDate is my extension method. However the above doesn't make much sense. What would be better is: DateTime d = DateTime.GetRandomDate(); However, I don't know how to do this. An extension method created as: public static DateTime GetRandomDate(this System.DateTime dt) will only add the GetRandomDate() in the first example above, not the second one. Is there a way to achieve the desired behaviour?

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  • why LINQ 2 SQL sometime add a field like select 1 as test, others valid fields....

    - by Fredou
    I have to concat 2 linq2sql query and I have an issue since the 2 query doesn't return the same number of columns, what is weird is after a .ToList() on the queries, they can concat without problem. The reason is, for some linq2sql reason, I have 2 more column named test and test2 which come from 2 left outer join that linq2sql automatically create, something like "select 1 as test, tablefields" Is there any good reason for that? how to remove this extra "1 as test" field? here a few of examples of what it look like: google result for linq 2 sql "select 1 as test"

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  • How to print structures in PLT Scheme so as to display their fields?

    - by tkf
    I would like code like this: (define-struct thing (a b c)) (define th (make-thing 1 2 3)) to print something like this: (make-thing 1 2 3) when I type "th" into either the DrScheme or MzScheme repl. I am using the language "pretty big" in DrScheme with output style set to "constructor". This is what I get in DrScheme: (make-thing ...) (i literally get the three dots) In MzScheme: #<thing>

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  • Is there a way to cause a new C++ class instance to fail, if certain conditions in the contructor ar

    - by Jim Fell
    As I understand it, when a new class is instantiated in C++, a pointer to the new class is returned, or NULL, if there is insufficient memory. I am writing a class that initializes a linked list in the constructor. If there is an error while initializing the list, I would like the class instantiator to return NULL. For example: MyClass * pRags = new MyClass; If the linked list in the MyClass constructor fails to initialize properly, I would like pRags to equal NULL. I know that I can use flags and additional checks to do this, but I would like to avoid that, if possible. Does anyone know of a way to do this? Thanks.

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  • Does Oracle 11g automatically index fields frequently used for full table scans?

    - by gustafc
    I have an app using an Oracle 11g database. I have a fairly large table (~50k rows) which I query thus: SELECT omg, ponies FROM table WHERE x = 4 Field x was not indexed, I discovered. This query happens a lot, but the thing is that the performance wasn't too bad. Adding an index on x did make the queries approximately twice as fast, which is far less than I expected. On, say, MySQL, it would've made the query ten times faster, at the very least. I'm suspecting Oracle adds some kind of automatic index when it detects that I query a non-indexed field often. Am I correct? I can find nothing even implying this in the docs.

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  • How do I refer to an instance from inside it's own code in Adobe Flash.

    - by matt1024
    In Adobe Flash, I have a movie clip that is added to the stage when the keyboard is pressed. I want it to travel across the screen and disappear once it reaches the edge of the stage. At the moment I use this but the image appears and then stops. Here is my code: addEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE,runtime); var c = 0 function runtime(){ while(this.x<800){ this.x += 12; } removeChild(this); } Thanks

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  • Are parametrized calls/sanitization/escaping characters necessary for hashed password fields in SQL queries?

    - by Computerish
    When writing a login system for a website, it is standard to use some combination of parameterized calls, sanitizing the user input, and/or escaping special characters to prevent SQL injection attacks. Any good login system, however, should also hash (and possibly salt) every password before it goes into an SQL query, so is it still necessary to worry about SQL injection attacks in passwords? Doesn't a hash completely eliminate any possibility of an SQL injection attack on its own?

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  • How do I do a table join on two fields in my second table?

    - by Cannonade
    I have two tables: Messages - Amongst other things, has a to_id and a from_id field. People - Has a corresponding person_id I am trying to figure out how to do the following in a single linq query: Give me all messages that have been sent to and from person x (idself). I had a couple of cracks at this. Not quite right MsgPeople = (from p in db.people join m in db.messages on p.person_id equals m.from_id where (m.from_id == idself || m.to_id == idself) orderby p.name descending select p).Distinct(); This almost works, except I think it misses one case: "people who have never received a message, just sent one to me" How this works in my head So what I really need is something like: join m in db.messages on (p.people_id equals m.from_id or p.people_id equals m.to_id) Gets me a subset of the people I am after It seems you can't do that. I have tried a few other options, like doing two joins: MsgPeople = (from p in db.people join m in AllMessages on p.person_id equals m.from_id join m2 in AllMessages on p.person_id equals m2.to_id where (m2.from_id == idself || m.to_id == idself) orderby p.name descending select p).Distinct(); but this gives me a subset of the results I need, I guess something to do with the order the joins are resolved. My understanding of LINQ (and perhaps even database theory) is embarrassingly superficial and I look forward to having some light shed on my problem.

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  • blackberry development problem?

    - by user188391
    i want to create this type of grid field can any one guide me? import net.rim.device.api.ui.Field; import net.rim.device.api.ui.Manager; public class GridFieldManager extends Manager { private int[] columnWidths; private int columns; private int allRowHeight = -1; public GridFieldManager(int columns, long style) { super(style); this.columns = columns; } public GridFieldManager(int[] columnWidths, long style) { super(style); this.columnWidths = columnWidths; this.columns = columnWidths.length; } public GridFieldManager(int[] columnWidths, int rowHeight, long style) { this(columnWidths, style); this.allRowHeight = rowHeight; } protected boolean navigationMovement(int dx, int dy, int status, int time) { int focusIndex = getFieldWithFocusIndex(); while(dy > 0) { focusIndex += columns; if (focusIndex >= getFieldCount()) { return false; // Focus moves out of this manager } else { Field f = getField(focusIndex); if (f.isFocusable()) { // Only move the focus onto focusable fields f.setFocus(); dy--; } } } while(dy < 0) { focusIndex -= columns; if (focusIndex < 0) { return false; } else { Field f = getField(focusIndex); if (f.isFocusable()) { f.setFocus(); dy++; } } } while(dx > 0) { focusIndex ++; if (focusIndex >= getFieldCount()) { return false; } else { Field f = getField(focusIndex); if (f.isFocusable()) { f.setFocus(); dx--; } } } while(dx < 0) { focusIndex --; if (focusIndex < 0) { return false; } else { Field f = getField(focusIndex); if (f.isFocusable()) { f.setFocus(); dx++; } } } return true; } protected void sublayout(int width, int height) { int y = 0; if (columnWidths == null) { columnWidths = new int[columns]; for(int i = 0; i < columns; i++) { columnWidths[i] = width/columns; } } Field[] fields = new Field[columnWidths.length]; int currentColumn = 0; int rowHeight = 0; for(int i = 0; i < getFieldCount(); i++) { fields[currentColumn] = getField(i); layoutChild(fields[currentColumn], columnWidths[currentColumn], height-y); if (fields[currentColumn].getHeight() > rowHeight) { rowHeight = fields[currentColumn].getHeight(); } currentColumn++; if (currentColumn == columnWidths.length || i == getFieldCount()-1) { int x = 0; if (this.allRowHeight >= 0) { rowHeight = this.allRowHeight; } for(int c = 0; c < currentColumn; c++) { long fieldStyle = fields[c].getStyle(); int fieldXOffset = 0; long fieldHalign = fieldStyle & Field.FIELD_HALIGN_MASK; if (fieldHalign == Field.FIELD_RIGHT) { fieldXOffset = columnWidths[c] - fields[c].getWidth(); } else if (fieldHalign == Field.FIELD_HCENTER) { fieldXOffset = (columnWidths[c]-fields[c].getWidth())/2; } int fieldYOffset = 0; long fieldValign = fieldStyle & Field.FIELD_VALIGN_MASK; if (fieldValign == Field.FIELD_BOTTOM) { fieldYOffset = rowHeight - fields[c].getHeight(); } else if (fieldValign == Field.FIELD_VCENTER) { fieldYOffset = (rowHeight-fields[c].getHeight())/2; } setPositionChild(fields[c], x+fieldXOffset, y + fieldYOffset); x += columnWidths[c]; } currentColumn = 0; y += rowHeight; } if (y >= height) { break; } } int totalWidth = 0; for(int i = 0; i < columnWidths.length; i++) { totalWidth += columnWidths[i]; } setExtent(totalWidth, Math.min(y, height)); } }

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  • Is it possible to create a C++ factory system that can create an instance of any "registered" object

    - by chrensli
    Hello, I've spent my entire day researching this topic, so it is with some scattered knowledge on the topic that i come to you with this inquiry. Please allow me to describe what I am attempting to accomplish, and maybe you can either suggest a solution to the immediate question, or another way to tackle the problem entirely. I am trying to mimic something related to how XAML files work in WPF, where you are essentially instantiating an object tree from an XML definition. If this is incorrect, please inform. This issue is otherwise unrelated to WPF, C#, or anything managed - I solely mention it because it is a similar concept.. So, I've created an XML parser class already, and generated a node tree based on ObjectNode objects. ObjectNode objects hold a string value called type, and they have an std::vector of child ObjectNode objects. The next step is to instantiate a tree of objects based on the data in the ObjectNode tree. This intermediate ObjectNode tree is needed because the same ObjectNode tree might be instantiated multiple times or delayed as needed. The tree of objects that is being created is such that the nodes in the tree are descendants of a common base class, which for now we can refer to as MyBase. Leaf nodes can be of any type, not necessarily derived from MyBase. To make this more challenging, I will not know what types of MyBase derived objects might be involved, so I need to allow for new types to be registered with the factory. I am aware of boost's factory. Their docs have an interesting little design paragraph on this page: o We may want a factory that takes some arguments that are forwarded to the constructor, o we will probably want to use smart pointers, o we may want several member functions to create different kinds of objects, o we might not necessarily need a polymorphic base class for the objects, o as we will see, we do not need a factory base class at all, o we might want to just call the constructor - without #new# to create an object on the stack, and o finally we might want to use customized memory management. I might not be understanding this all correctly, but that seems to state that what I'm trying to do can be accomplished with boost's factory. But all the examples I've located, seem to describe factories where all objects are derived from a base type. Any guidance on this would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for your time!

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  • How can I prevent infinite recursion when using events to bind UI elements to fields?

    - by Billy ONeal
    The following seems to be a relatively common pattern (to me, not to the community at large) to bind a string variable to the contents of a TextBox. class MyBackEndClass { public event EventHandler DataChanged; string _Data; public string Data { get { return _Data; } set { _Data = value; //Fire the DataChanged event } } } class SomeForm : // Form stuff { MyBackEndClass mbe; TextBox someTextBox; SomeForm() { someTextBox.TextChanged += HandleTextBox(); mbe.DataChanged += HandleData(); } void HandleTextBox(Object sender, EventArgs e) { mbe.Data = ((TextBox)sender).Text; } void HandleData(Object sender, EventArgs e) { someTextBox.Text = ((MyBackEndClass) sender).Data; } } The problem is that changing the TextBox fires the changes the data value in the backend, which causes the textbox to change, etc. That runs forever. Is there a better design pattern (other than resorting to a nasty boolean flag) that handles this case correctly? EDIT: To be clear, in the real design the backend class is used to synchronize changes between multiple forms. Therefore I can't just use the SomeTextBox.Text property directly. Billy3

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  • Wouldn't it be nice to have a type variable referring to the class's instance.

    - by user93197
    I often have a pattern like this: class VectorBase<SubClass, Element> where SubClass : VectorBase<SubClass, Element>, new() where Element : Addable<Element> { Element[] data; public VectorBase(Element[] data) { this.data = data; } public SubClass add(SubClass second) { Element[] newData = new Element[data.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < newData.Length; i++) { newData[i] = data[i].add(second.data[i]); } SubClass result = new SubClass(); result.data = newData; return result; } } class VectorInt : VectorBase<VectorInt, Int32> { } class MyInt : Addable<MyInt> { int data; public MyInt(int data) { this.data = data; } public MyInt add(MyInt t) { return new MyInt(data + t.data); } } interface Addable<T> { T add(T t); } But I would rather just have: class VectorBase2<Element> where Element : Addable<Element> { Element[] data; public VectorBase(Element[] data) { this.data = data; } public SubClass add(SubClass second) { Element[] newData = new Element[data.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < newData.Length; i++) { newData[i] = data[i].add(second.data[i]); } SubClass result = new SubClass(data); return result; } } class VectorInt2 : VectorBase2<Int32> { } Why not make the subclass type available to all classes? Is this technically impossible?

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  • Is there any convinient way that i can deepclone 'style' instance in silverlight?

    - by Kevin Yang
    if a style is used, it can not be modified agaign. so i need a clone method. but its hard to implement. what i want to do is implementing a cascading 'style' mechanism. for example, i set two style to the same frameworkelement. the same property of latter style will override the former one, while the different property remain unchanged. but if i set the style property of the frameworkelement twice directly, the 1st style will be gone. so i use the baseon property of style class to do that. but now come across another problem, the style can not be modified after it's been set to a frameworkelement. so now i need a clone method.

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  • MySQL: selecting totals as three fields from same table as one query?

    - by coderama
    I have a table with various orders in it: ID | Date | etc... 1 | 2013-01-01 | etc 2 | 2013-02-01 | etc 3 | 2013-03-01 | etc 4 | 2013-04-01 | etc 5 | 2013-05-01 | etc 6 | 2013-06-01 | etc 7 | 2013-06-01 | etc 8 | 2013-03-01 | etc 9 | 2013-04-01 | etc 10 | 2013-05-01 | etc I want a query that ends wit the result: overallTotal | totalThisMonth | totalLastMonth 10 | 2 | 1 But I want to do this in one query! I am trying to find a way to use subqueries to do this. SO far I have: SELECT * from ( SELECT count(*) as overallTotal from ORDERS ) How can I combine this with other subqueries so I can get the totals in one query?

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