I need some advice on what kind of pattern(s) I should use for pushing/pulling data into my application.

I'm writing a rule-engine that needs to hold quite a large amount of data in-memory in order to be efficient enough. I have some rather conflicting requirements;

1. It is not acceptable for the engine to always have to wait for a full pre-load of all data before it is functional.
2. Only fetching and caching data on-demand will lead to the engine taking too long before it is running quickly enough.
3. An external event can trigger the need for specific parts of the data to be reloaded.

Basically, I think I need a combination of pushing and pulling data into the application.

A simplified version of my current "pattern" looks like this (in psuedo-C# written in notepad):

// This interface is implemented by all classes that needs the data
interface IDataSubscriber 
{
    void RegisterData(Entity data);
}

// This interface is implemented by the data access class
interface IDataProvider
{
    void EnsureLoaded(Key dataKey);
    void RegisterSubscriber(IDataSubscriber subscriber);
}


class MyClassThatNeedsData : IDataSubscriber
{
    IDataProvider _provider;

    MyClassThatNeedsData(IDataProvider provider) 
    {
        _provider = provider;
        _provider.RegisterSubscriber(this);
    }

    public void RegisterData(Entity data) 
    {
        // Save data for later
        StoreDataInCache(data);
    }

    void UseData(Key key)
    {
        // Make sure that the data has been stored in cache
        _provider.EnsureLoaded(key);

        Entity data = GetDataFromCache(key);
    }
}

class MyDataProvider : IDataProvider
{
    List<IDataSubscriber> _subscribers;

    // Make sure that the data for key has been loaded to all subscribers
    public void EnsureLoaded(Key key)
    {
        if (HasKeyBeenMarkedAsLoaded(key))
            return;

        PublishDataToSubscribers(key);

        MarkKeyAsLoaded(key);
    }

    // Force all subscribers to get a new version of the data for key
    public void ForceReload(Key key)
    {
        PublishDataToSubscribers(key);

        MarkKeyAsLoaded(key);
    }

    void PublishDataToSubscribers(Key key)
    {
        Entity data = FetchDataFromStore(key);

        foreach(var subscriber in _subscribers)
        {
            subscriber.RegisterData(data);
        }
    }
}

// This class will be spun off on startup and should make sure that all data is 
// preloaded as quickly as possible
class MyPreloadingThread 
{
    IDataProvider _provider;

    MyPreloadingThread(IDataProvider provider)
    {
        _provider = provider;
    }

    void RunInBackground()
    {
        IEnumerable<Key> allKeys = GetAllKeys();

        foreach(var key in allKeys) 
        {
            _provider.EnsureLoaded(key);
        }
    }
}

I have a feeling though that this is not necessarily the best way of doing this.. Just the fact that explaining it seems to take two pages feels like an indication..

Any ideas? Any patterns out there I should have a look at?