I have three simplified models:

class Team < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :players
  has_one :coach
end

class Player < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :team
  validates_presence_of :team_id
end

class Coach < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :team
  validates_presence_of :team_id
end

I use the following code to test these models:

t = Team.new
team.coach = Coach.new
team.save!

team.save! returns true.

But in another test:

t = Team.new
team.players << Player.new
team.save!

team.save! gives the following error:

> ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid:
> Validation failed: Players is invalid
>  from
> /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/validations.rb:1090:in
> `save_without_dirty!'  from
> /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/dirty.rb:87:in `save_without_transactions!'  from
> /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:200:in
> `save!'  from
> /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:136:in
> `transaction'  from
> /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:182:in
> `transaction'  from
> /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:200:in
> `save!'  from
> /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:208:in
> `rollback_active_record_state!'  from
> /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:200:in
> `save!'  from (irb):14

I figured out that when team.save! is called, it first calls player.save!. player needs to validate the presence of the id of the associated team. But at the time player.save! is called, team hasn't been saved yet, and therefore, team_id doesn't yet exist for player. This fails the player's validation, so the error occurs.

But on the other hand, team is saved before coach.save!, otherwise the first example will get the same error as the second one.

So I've concluded that when a has_many bs, a.save! will save bs prior to a. When a has_one b, a.save! will save a prior to b. If I am right, why is this the case? It doesn't seem logical to me. Why do has_one and has_many association have different order in saving? Any ideas? And is there any way I can change the order? Say I want to have the same saving order for both has_one and has_many. Thanks.