It seems that in language like C, Java, and Ruby (as opposed to Javascript), a new scope is created for each iteration of a loop block, and the local variable defined for the loop is actually made into a local variable every single time and recorded in this new scope?

For example, in Ruby:

p RUBY_VERSION

$foo = []

(1..5).each do |i|
  $foo[i] = lambda { p i }
end

(1..5).each do |j|
  $foo[j].call()
end

the print out is:

[MacBook01:~] $ ruby scope.rb
"1.8.6"
1
2
3
4
5
[MacBook01:~] $ 

So, it looks like when a new scope is created, a new local copy of i is also created and recorded in this new scope, so that when the function is executed at a later time, the "i" is found in those scope chains as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 respectively. Is this true? (It sounds like a heavy operation).

Contrast that with

p RUBY_VERSION

$foo = []

i = 0

(1..5).each do |i|
  $foo[i] = lambda { p i }
end

(1..5).each do |j|
  $foo[j].call()
end

This time, the i is defined before entering the loop, so Ruby 1.8.6 will not put this i in the new scope created for the loop block, and therefore when the i is looked up in the scope chain, it always refer to the i that was in the outside scope, and give 5 every time:

[MacBook01:~] $ ruby scope2.rb
"1.8.6"
5
5
5
5
5
[MacBook01:~] $ 

I heard that in Ruby 1.9, i will be treated as a local defined for the loop even when there is an i defined earlier?

The operation of creating a new scope, creating a new local copy of i each time through the loop seems heavy, as it seems it wouldn't have matter if we are not invoking the functions at a later time. So when the functions don't need to be invoked at a later time, could the interpreter and the compiler to C / Java try to optimize it so that there is not local copy of i each time?