How can I find where the error occurs? In C language, the return value means what error occurs, such as failure to open file or memory allocation. There is no information where the error occurs.

For example, function 'foo' calls A,B,C,D. If foo returns an error value, it might be return value of A or B or C or D. I cannot find what function returns error. I have to run debugger or add some codes to find what function returns error.