I can get this to work, but I feel as though I'm not doing it properly.

The first time this runs, it works as intended, and a new row is inserted where "thisField" contains "doesntExist"

However, if I run it a subsequent time, I get a run-time error that I can't insert a duplicate key as it violate the primary key "thisField".

static void Main(string[] args)
{           
    using(var sqlConn = new SqlConnection(connString) )
    {
        sqlConn.Open();
        var dt = new DataTable();

        var sqlda = new SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM table WHERE thisField ='doesntExist'", sqlConn);
        sqlda.Fill(dt);

        DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();

        dr["thisField"] = "doesntExist"; //Primary key

        dt.Rows.Add(dr);

        //dt.AcceptChanges(); //I thought this may fix the problem. It didn't.

        var sqlTrans = sqlConn.BeginTransaction();

        try
        {
            sqlda.SelectCommand = new SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM table WITH (HOLDLOCK, ROWLOCK) WHERE thisField = 'doesntExist'", sqlConn, sqlTrans);

            SqlCommandBuilder sqlCb = new SqlCommandBuilder(sqlda);

            sqlda.InsertCommand = sqlCb.GetInsertCommand();
            sqlda.InsertCommand.Transaction = sqlTrans;

            sqlda.DeleteCommand = sqlCb.GetDeleteCommand();
            sqlda.DeleteCommand.Transaction = sqlTrans;

            sqlda.UpdateCommand = sqlCb.GetUpdateCommand();
            sqlda.UpdateCommand.Transaction = sqlTrans;

            sqlda.Update(dt);

            sqlTrans.Commit();
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            //...
        }
    }
}

Even when I can get that working through trial and error of moving AcceptChanges around, or encapsulating changes within Begin/EndEdit, then I begin to experience a "Concurrency violation" in which it won't update the changes, but rather tell me it failed to update 0 of 1 affected rows.

Is there something crazy obvious I'm missing?