It's an 8 GB Patriot thumb drive, which I've used extensively with lots of data. Today, it is detected, but all data is gone: (EDIT at least some data is still there, but the partition table is gone)

EDIT @Sathya (thanks) here's the relevant output from sudo fdisk -l:

Disk /dev/sdc: 8019 MB, 8019509248 bytes
247 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 15314 * 512 = 7840768 bytes

Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

It looks like it is /dev/sdc, with that 8 GB... and no partition table.

I tried to mount /dev/sdc (and then dmesg | tail):

/media> sudo mount /dev/sdc mytmp
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc,
       missing codepage or other error
       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
       dmesg | tail  or so

/media> dmesg | tail
[   24.300000]  sdc: unknown partition table
[   24.320000] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi removable disk sdc
[   24.370000] usb-storage: device scan complete
[   26.870000] EXT2-fs error (device sdc): ext2_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)!
[   26.870000] EXT2-fs: group descriptors corrupted!
[   50.420000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0
[   50.430000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0
[   50.430000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0
[ 5565.470000] EXT2-fs error (device sdc): ext2_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)!
[ 5565.470000] EXT2-fs: group descriptors corrupted!

EDIT @Col: results from testdisk

Disk /dev/sdc - 8013 MB / 7642 MiB - CHS 1022 247 62
Current partition structure:
     Partition                  Start        End    Size in sectors

Partition sector doesn't have the endmark 0xAA55

After I hit [proceed], it says:

Structure: Ok.


Keys A: add partition, L: load backup, Enter: to continue

The "Structure: Ok." seems reassuring... will "A: add partition" make my old data accessible (if it's still there), or will it make a new, fresh partition?

Another option is "[ MBR Code ] Write TestDisk MBR code to first sector" - would it be better to do this?

EDIT I found that at least some of my data is still on the flash drive, by using the below, and searching for English text in less (like " the "):

cat /dev/sde | tr -cd '\11\12\40\1540-\176' | less

(The drive changed from "/dev/sdb" to "/dev/sde" because I connected some extra drives today). I've learnt that "/dev/sde1" would be the first partition; and "/dev/sde" is the whole drive. Because unix treats these devices just like files, you can use all the ordinary unix file commands on them, like cat, and then process them like any other stream of data. The tr above removes non-printable characters ("\40" is space, which I wanted to preserve). In less, you can use "/" to search, similar to Vim.

How can I get my data back (assuming it's still there)? If only the partition table is corrupted, is there a standard "partition recovery tool"? Is there a way to "repartition" without deleting everything?