Example:

<ListView Name="lvAnyList" ItemsSource="{Binding}">
  <ListView.View>
    <GridView>
      <GridViewColumn Header="xx" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding XX}" CellTemplate="{DynamicResource MyDataTemplate}"/>
      <GridViewColumn Header="yy">
        <GridViewColumn.CellTemplate>
          <DataTemplate>
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding YY}" />
          </DataTemplate>
        </GridViewColumn.CellTemplate>
      </GridViewColumn>
    </GridView>
  </ListView.View>
</ListView> 

If I access the TextBlock inside DataTemplate I will have access to information about the bound path. But I don't know how to find (starting from the TextBlock) its containing GridViewColumn (which is in the GridViewRowPresenter columns list) and compare it to the grid's GridViewColumn (from GridViewHeaderRowPresenter column list) to get the header's name.

At the end I should have the pairs: xx->XX, yy->YY

I can find a list of all TextBlocks inside ListView by using this:

GridViewRowPresenter gvrp = ControlAux.GetVisualDescendants<GridViewRowPresenter>(element).FirstOrDefault();
IEnumerable<TextBlock> entb = GetVisualDescendants<TextBlock>(gvrp);

I can find a list of all GridViewColumnHeaders:

GridViewHeaderRowPresenter gvhrp = ControlAux.GetVisualDescendants<GridViewHeaderRowPresenter>(element).FirstOrDefault();

And I cannot find the connection between the TextBlocks and the GridViewColumns...

I hope this is understandable.