Question update: I have figured out that importing JQuery (even without using it at all) is causing :remote => true to not work properly. I get the following error in the Chrome console:

Uncaught TypeError: Object [object Object] has no method 'dispatchEvent' (prototype.js:5653)

And when the link is clicked, it throws the same error again before redirecting.

Responder.erb.html

<ul>
    <% @choices.each_with_index do |choice, index| %>
        <li><%= link_to choice, { :action => "submit_response", :id => @id, :response => index }, :remote => true %></li>
    <% end %>
</ul>

Example generated HTML:

<ul>
        <li><a href="/poller/submit_response/yni?response=0" data-remote="true">True</a></li>
        <li><a href="/poller/submit_response/yni?response=1" data-remote="true">False</a></li>
</ul>