What software programming languages were used by the Soviet Union's space program?

Posted by shamp00 on Programmers See other posts from Programmers or by shamp00
Published on 2012-04-23T17:37:43Z Indexed on 2012/06/03 16:46 UTC
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I got interested in the Soviet space program and was interested to discover that the software on the Buran spacecraft circa 1988 was written in Prolog.

Does anyone know what languages might have been used in earlier missions, especially the Mars PrOP-M rover missions of the early 1970s which were somewhat autonomous and could navigate obstacles?

Edit

My source for the Buran Prolog is this declassified document from the CIA site from May 1990. I couldn't find an OCR version, so here's the relevant quote from p. 0449:

According to open-source literature, the Soviets used the French-developed programming language known as Prolog to develop on-board system software for the Buran vehicle...

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