I have read in some forums that the kernel team is working on improving battery life and energy efficiency in linux. Unfortunately our community really lags behind windows and mac in that regard. I would like to read about the reasons why this difference exists with other platforms.

Is it purely due to closed hardware specs from vendors or does it has to be with kernel design issues? Apple devices with unix cores have amazing battery times, but they also design their own hardware...just want to understand this issues in a less technical way

I know that recent kernel updates in Ubuntu have improved the battery life in most computers, but I was wondering if there is still development going on and where can I read more about it.

Thanks in advance