Trying to build an Exchange server solution for a company and they want me to look into licensing for Windows. I'm going to be purchasing the necessary server licenses for Windows Server 2012 Standard and Microsoft Exchange 2013 Enterprise. I just have a few questions about the CAL's thing which seems like a complete ripoff to me. How are CAL's tracked for both Windows Server and Exchange? Is it tied to Active Directory profiles? What happens if I dont have the necessary CAL's for Windows Server? Will a client be denied access from Active Directory? Is there any enforcement for this? Also the same question for Exchange 2013 CAL's

Thanks