Step by Step / Deep explain: The Power of (Co)Yoneda (preferably in scala) through Coroutines

Posted by Mzk on Stack Overflow See other posts from Stack Overflow or by Mzk
Published on 2014-06-02T17:54:03Z Indexed on 2014/08/24 4:20 UTC
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some background code

/** FunctorStr: ? F[-]. (? A B. (A -> B) -> F[A] -> F[B]) */
trait FunctorStr[F[_]] { self =>
  def map[A, B](f: A => B): F[A] => F[B]
}

trait Yoneda[F[_], A] { yo =>

  def apply[B](f: A => B): F[B]

  def run: F[A] =
    yo(x => x)

  def map[B](f: A => B): Yoneda[F, B] = new Yoneda[F, B] {
    def apply[X](g: B => X) = yo(f andThen g)
 }
}

object Yoneda {

  implicit def yonedafunctor[F[_]]: FunctorStr[({ type l[x] = Yoneda[F, x] })#l] =
    new FunctorStr[({ type l[x] = Yoneda[F, x] })#l] {
      def map[A, B](f: A => B): Yoneda[F, A] => Yoneda[F, B] =
        _ map f
    }

  def apply[F[_]: FunctorStr, X](x: F[X]): Yoneda[F, X] = new Yoneda[F, X] {
    def apply[Y](f: X => Y) = Functor[F].map(f) apply x
  }
} 



trait Coyoneda[F[_], A] { co =>

  type I

  def fi: F[I]

  def k: I => A

  final def map[B](f: A => B): Coyoneda.Aux[F, B, I] =
    Coyoneda(fi)(f compose k)

}

object Coyoneda {

  type Aux[F[_], A, B] = Coyoneda[F, A] { type I = B }

  def apply[F[_], B, A](x: F[B])(f: B => A): Aux[F, A, B] =
    new Coyoneda[F, A] {
     type I = B
     val fi = x
     val k = f
   }

  implicit def coyonedaFunctor[F[_]]: FunctorStr[({ type l[x] = Coyoneda[F, x] })#l] =
   new CoyonedaFunctor[F] {}

  trait CoyonedaFunctor[F[_]] extends FunctorStr[({type l[x] = Coyoneda[F, x]})#l] {
   override def map[A, B](f: A => B): Coyoneda[F, A] => Coyoneda[F, B] =
     x => apply(x.fi)(f compose x.k)
 }

  def liftCoyoneda[T[_], A](x: T[A]): Coyoneda[T, A] =
   apply(x)(a => a)

 }

Now I thought I understood yoneda and coyoneda a bit just from the types – i.e. that they quantify / abstract over map fixed in some type constructor F and some type a, to any type B returning F[B] or (Co)Yoneda[F, B]. Thus providing map fusion for free (? is this kind of like a cut rule for map ?). But I see that Coyoneda is a functor for any type constructor F regardless of F being a Functor, and that I don't fully grasp. Now I'm in a situation where I'm trying to define a Coroutine type, (I'm looking at https://www.fpcomplete.com/school/to-infinity-and-beyond/pick-of-the-week/coroutines-for-streaming/part-2-coroutines for the types to get started with)

case class Coroutine[S[_], M[_], R](resume: M[CoroutineState[S, M, R]])

sealed trait CoroutineState[S[_], M[_], R]

  object CoroutineState {
    case class Run[S[_], M[_], R](x: S[Coroutine[S, M, R]]) extends CoroutineState[S, M, R]
    case class Done[R](x: R) extends CoroutineState[Nothing, Nothing, R]

   class CoroutineStateFunctor[S[_], M[_]](F: FunctorStr[S]) extends 
      FunctorStr[({ type l[x] = CoroutineState[S, M, x]})#l] {
        override def map[A, B](f : A => B) : CoroutineState[S, M, A] => CoroutineState[S, M, B]
        =
        { ??? }
    }
  }

and I think that if I understood Coyoneda better I could leverage it to make S & M type constructors functors way easy, plus I see Coyoneda potentially playing a role in defining recursion schemes as the functor requirement is pervasive.

So how could I use coyoneda to make type constructors functors like for example coroutine state? or something like a Pause functor ?

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